EP1613453B1 - Method and apparatus for producing a shaft bottom and a set of moulding elements - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing a concrete shaft bottom which comprises a drain having a defined shape. Concrete is introduced into a bottom mold that comprises a mold jacket and a mold bottom. On the mold bottom, a molded body forming the negative shape of the drain is disposed to configure the drain. The invention allows for the inexpensive and mechanized production of a shaft bottom having an individual drain. For this purpose, the molded body is configured from at least one molded piece that is fixed on the bottom mold, especially on the mold bottom. The molded piece is adapted to the dimensions of the defined shape of the drain and is removed from the shaft bottom once or while the formwork is dismantled from the shaft bottom.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a manhole having a predetermined shape concrete shaft floor, in which in a bottom mold with a mold shell and a mold bottom, at which mold bottom to form the channel a negative shape of the channel forming molding body is placed, concrete is introduced in which the shaped body is formed from at least one fitting attachable to the bottom mold, in particular to the mold bottom, which mold is adapted to the dimensions of the predetermined shape of the channel and is removed from the bottom of the manhole after stripping the shaft bottom, and a device for Producing such a shaft bottom, a shaped body for this purpose and a shaped piece for producing the shaped body.

Manhole bottoms provide the bottom seal of generally vertical manholes that provide access to sewer systems, such as sewers, and underground pipe systems. Such wells are often located in interfaces of conduits, i. at channel branches or outlets and junctions of secondary channels, etc. The bottom of such shafts forming shaft bottoms are cup-shaped structures with a relatively thick-walled dense bottom and a mostly cylindrical side wall in which connection openings for the tubes and / or channels are formed. In the shaft bottom run open at the top, referred to as channels channels of mostly semi-circular or approximately U-shaped cross section between the respective provided in the side wall of a shaft bottom connection openings. In order to ensure a jam-free flow of the frequently contaminated with significant amounts of large-scale solids liquids, the channels have a certain slope and the bottom of the shaft called a berm appearance of low slope.

Although the shafts are constructed of standardized individual rings, the shaft bottoms are individually designed components which differ from one another with regard to the positioning of the connection openings acting as inlets and outlets, the cross-sectional shape of the channels and the pipes to be connected. In addition, only high-quality, liquid-tight concrete may be used for the production of manhole bases and in particular their channels.

From the DE 36 11 394 A1 It is known, for producing a shaft bottom in a bottom mold having a set up on a base plate molding shell to arrange a mold bottom whose top is formed according to the negative shape of the channel. Such a mold bottom is reusable - it is removed after sufficient hardening of the concrete from the mold shell, cleaned and can then be available for reuse. The disadvantage here is the very complicated production of such a mold bottom; For producing individually shaped shaft bottoms, it would also be necessary to have as many elaborate mold bottoms available, ie it would be necessary to have a separate mold bottom available for each shaft bottom. Since this is far too expensive, the device known from this document is used only for a few shaft bottoms, for example, when a channel passes straight through the shaft bottom or, for example, angled at 90 °.

For cost reasons, one has for shaft bottoms, the channels to two channels that run in different directions, connect or have other special features, shaft bottoms made with a flat bottom and on the flat bottom of the channel by manually introducing concrete and molding the channel by hand produced. Such manual work is cumbersome because it is necessary to think about the side wall of the shaft bottom in these. Furthermore, the shaping of the channel must be carried out with great care, so that both the gradient and the position of the branch channels coincide with the local conditions of the channel system or line system. This manual production of a channel requires qualified personnel and is therefore expensive. Furthermore, it also requires a considerable amount of time, in addition, the quality of the manually shaped concrete is not comparable to the quality of a machined production of a shaft bottom.

From the DE 43 42 518 A1 It is known to form the channel by inserting a Tonschalenelements that remains after completion of the shaft bottom in this and forms the bottom of the channel. Again, it is difficult to create individually designed channels, especially for each channel own Tonschalenelement would have to be prefabricated, which also requires a lot of effort.

According to a further method for producing a shaft bottom prefabricated plastic molded parts are used with a negative mold corresponding to the channel, wherein for each individual channel a separate molded part is to be made, which is to be fixed on the mold bottom. These moldings are made as plastic shells relatively expensive for each individual channel according to the course of the channel and remain as a so-called lost form in the finished channel. A disadvantage of this method, in addition to the high price of designed as a high-quality plastic shells moldings and the necessary production of external suppliers, which significantly complicates the entire logistics of mechanical production of manhole bases.

From the US 4,177,229 is a method and apparatus for producing a concrete manhole bottom having a predetermined shape according to the preamble of claim 1, 15 or of the type described above, and a group of moldings for producing a molded article forming a negative mold of a channel bottom of a manhole bottom The preamble of claim 23 known. The fittings used in this process are reusable parts that are accordingly sturdily constructed and require a particular type of attachment to the bottom mold.

From the JP 07-042185 A a method of the type described above is known, wherein the negative shape of the channel is manually formed from sand and is fixed by an air-impermeable film by means of a vacuum.

From the US 4,427,619 a method of the type described above is known in which a single reusable fitting is used as a negative mold for an unswept channel.

From the JP 02-147302 A For example, there is known a method of the type described in the opening paragraph in which a single reusable fitting is used as a negative mold for an unswept channel, the fitting being formed of an elastic material.

The invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has as its object to enable the production of manhole bottoms with individually shaped channels in a simple manner and without much time and cost. The channel should also be made of high-quality concrete, namely a concrete that is equivalent to the shell or bottom of the shaft floor, be produced.

The above object is achieved by a method for producing a concrete manhole bottom having a predetermined shape according to claim 1, an apparatus for producing a concrete manhole bottom having a predetermined shape according to claim 15 and a group of moldings for producing a concrete Shaped body according to the method of claim 23.

Thus, the invention proposes a method for producing a channel having a predetermined shape concrete floor, in which in a bottom mold with a mold shell and a mold bottom, at which mold bottom to form the channel a negative shape of the channel forming molding is placed concrete is introduced, wherein the shaped body formed from shaped pieces and attached directly to the bottom mold between opposite sides of the mold shell or the mold base and is removed after or with the stripping of the shaft bottom of the shaft bottom. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the shaped pieces consist of a material which withstands the pressure during the filling of the concrete and is produced from a foam, a rigid foam plastic, a thermoplastic foam or from plastic. The shaped body with the predetermined negative shape of the channel is inventively formed from two or more fittings, which are adapted to the dimensions of the predetermined shape of the channel. According to the invention, the method comprises the steps of selecting two or more shaped pieces from a plurality of shaped pieces of different shape with rectilinear and arcuate longitudinal extent, cutting the two or more selected shaped pieces to fit the dimensions of the predetermined shape of the trough, and assembling the two or more selected fittings with rectilinear and / or arcuate longitudinal extent to the molding, wherein the individual moldings are connected to each other to form the molding or are attached to the formation of the molding individually on the mold bottom.

Furthermore, according to the invention, there is provided an apparatus for producing a manhole bottom of concrete having a predetermined shape by means of a bottom mold with a mold jacket and a mold bottom in which a shaped body forming the negative mold of this channel is arranged for forming the channel. The molded body is formed from at least two moldings formed directly on the bottom mold between mutually opposite sides of the mold jacket or on the mold bottom, forming a core to be removed from the bottom of the cavity. According to the invention, the shaped pieces consist of a material which withstands the pressure during the filling of the concrete and are produced from a foam, a rigid foam plastic, a thermoplastic foam or from plastic. The shaped pieces are adapted to the dimensions of the predetermined shape of the channel, wherein the shaped body consists of two or more prefabricated form pieces, which have a rectilinear and / or arcuate longitudinal extent and a cross section corresponding to the shape of the cross section of the channel and tailored according to the geometry of the shaped body and are assembled to the shaped body, wherein the individual fittings are connected together in the bottom mold or individually attached to the mold bottom.

Furthermore, in order to carry out the above-described method according to the invention for the step of selecting two or more shaped pieces from a plurality of shaped pieces having rectilinear and arcuate longitudinal extent, a group of shaped pieces is proposed for producing a shaped body forming a negative mold of a channel bottom of a well bottom, characterized that the fittings are made of the pressure of the concrete-holding foam, rigid foam plastic, thermoplastic foam or plastic, and the group of fittings of shaped pieces with straight longitudinal extent and shaped pieces with arcuate longitudinal extent, wherein the cross section of the shaped pieces corresponds to a cross section of the channel.

The invention thus enables a method and an apparatus for producing a manhole bottom of concrete having a predetermined shape, wherein two or more of a set of less simple basic body, the above-mentioned group of moldings, which consists of shaped parts respectively rectilinear or arcuate longitudinal extent Fittings can be selected, cut and assembled to realize individual channel geometries easily, with little time and cost.

A particular advantage of the invention is the fact that the manufacturer of the shaft bottom can produce the shaped body itself according to the requirement of the produced channel, u.zw. by simply forming the molded body from him ready prefabricated fittings whose cross-section corresponds to the cross-section of the channel to be produced.

The shaped body is formed from two or more shaped pieces, wherein advantageously shaped pieces are kept in stock, namely shaped pieces of different shape, such as. Fittings with straight or curved longitudinal extension.

For producing a negative mold corresponding to the desired channel in the form of a shaped body, a shaped piece or a plurality of shaped pieces are cut to suitable lengths and assembled to form a shaped body, as required Combination of rectilinear and arcuate shaped pieces advantageously any shapes of Formkörpem can be generated.

The molded article is attached to the bottom mold, e.g. clamped between opposite sides of the mold shell or directly attached (glued and / or screwed) to the mold bottom, it being possible to join the individual moldings together, e.g. by gluing, or to attach individually to the mold bottom.

The invention makes use of the fact that the sewage pipes to be connected to a shaft bottom have standardized diameters on which the cross-section of the flumes depends, so that even with complicated shapes of the flute with a small number of fittings of different cross-section, the Auslangen is found to These fittings can produce a negative shape of the channel.

For this purpose, it is only necessary to prefabricate fittings with a corresponding cross-section with straight and / or shaped according to a circular arc longitudinal axis, because with a corresponding choice of the radius of curvature, the form approaches of individual, cut-to-length fittings of the straight and / or circular arc shaped fittings always so can be joined together that the channel or sewage pipes predetermined in their position are fluidly brought together via the channels produced with the aid of such a shaped body.

A simple adaptation of the molded body to the mold bottom, in particular in the case of more complicated channels, is characterized in that the molded article formed from a plurality of moldings initially has a dimension exceeding the bottom surface of the mold bottom and is adapted to the circumference of the mold base after being fixed to the mold bottom, wherein the Mold bottom is preferably separated from the mold jacket during this process.

Since the channel slope also depends on the local conditions on a construction site, not only the course of the channel, but also the channel slope through the Fittings are specified.

In order to take account of the slope of the channel, it is advantageous that, in addition to a longitudinal adaptation, a height adjustment is also carried out on the fittings in accordance with the depth and / or the slope of the predetermined shape of the channel. This can be achieved in a simple manner in that the fittings are prefabricated with a correspondingly greater height than the required Gerinnetiefe, so that the cut pieces can be removed in the area of the support surface of the mold surface facing top surface according to the channel slope, for example, cut off. The predetermined by the mold bottom inclination of the tread surface (Berme) of the shaft bottom is taken into account by an additional processing of the attachment surface of the fittings.

To account for channel connections or pipe connections to the shaft bottom is expediently attached to the ends of the mandrel a radial distance between the mold shell and mold bottom bridging recess body, wherein advantageously the recess body also made of an easily workable material, such as foam, and further expedient the Aussparungskörper be adapted end to the slope of the channel.

In order to simplify the provision of a seal on the shaft bottom for the purpose of pipe connections to the flumes and to establish an always correct installation position of such a seal, the recess body are provided on the outside before the introduction of concrete with a circumferentially extending seal according to a preferred variant. When introducing the concrete, the part of the seal that protrudes beyond the circumference of the recess body is then anchored in the concrete, whereas the actual sealing lip, which was initially surrounded by the recess body, is exposed after removal of the recess body.

In order to enable a simple separation of a shaped body from the shaft bottom, this is provided before inserting the concrete with a release agent, this being suitably formed by at least one foil placed around the shaped body and / or at least one band placed around the shaped body, which band is preferably provided in a corresponding to the cross section of the band recess of the molding forming the form piece.

A variant is characterized in that the separation aid is formed by at least one heating element provided in the shaped body. This allows at least a simple division of the molding.

Preferably, the removal of the shaped body after stripping the shaft bottom takes place in that a wedge-shaped piece is cut out of the molded body, whereupon the remaining molded body parts are folded under release of the contact with the concrete and easily lifted out of the flume.

An apparatus for producing a manhole having a predetermined shape concrete shaft floor by means of a bottom mold with a mold shell and a mold bottom, on which a negative mold of this channel forming moldings is arranged to form the channel, is to solve the problem underlying the invention with the Characteristics of claim 15 is formed.

It should be mentioned for the sake of completeness that the device can be used both for shaking and for pouring the concrete.

The molded body is expediently composed of two or more prefabricated shaped pieces, wherein the prefabricated shaped pieces have a straight and / or arcuate longitudinal extent and a cross section corresponding to the shape of the cross section of the channel.

The shaped pieces are formed from a foam, such as a lightweight rigid foam plastic or thermoplastic foam, such as EPS, or plastic.

A particularly simple consideration of the required slope of the channel can be accomplished that the mold bottom has a flat, but inclined to form a berm bottom and that the molding has a flat with the mold bottom directly into contact base surface.

This particularly simple solution can also be obtained by virtue of the fact that the mold bottom has a slope which corresponds precisely to the slope of the channel. The measure, the Gernehmeigung to take into account by the inclination of the berm, allows over the clot length uniform Gerinnetiefe, which with regard to the production of such shaft bottoms brings the advantage that the fittings do not have to be processed in terms of their height, if they are made of prefabricated fittings with a cross section of the Gerinnes corresponding profile cross section are cut to length. The work required for the preparation of the mold floor for juxtaposing the fittings are therefore less expensive.

If a mold bottom is used with an inclined to form the Gerinnegefälles landing surface, it is recommended that the mold bottom, in particular the inclined part of the same, to make interchangeable in order to consider by changing the mold bottom different inclinations of the channel slope.

To form the pipe connection openings to the flume, the radial distance from the mold bottom to the mold shell bridging recess body are preferably provided at the ends of the molded body, which are expediently also formed from a lost core-forming bodies, preferably on the outside with a circumferentially extending seal are provided, which seal projects with a foot radially beyond the recess body, the sealing part (sealing lip), however, is inserted into the recess body.

To ensure a gradient of the pipe connection openings, the recess bodies are adapted at their ends adjoining the molded body as well as at the ends reaching the mold jacket in accordance with the gradient of the channel.

The shaped body is preferably composed of molded pieces of a lightweight foam, such as a rigid foam plastic, or a thermoplastic material, such as EPS.

Preferably, the shaped body is supplemented at its ends in each case with a negative mold of a pipe connection forming recess body, wherein the recess body advantageously also from a lost core forming body, preferably also from a lightweight foam, such as rigid foam plastic, such as EPS, or a thermoplastic material , is formed.

A particularly simple way of attaching a seal on the shaft bottom for the connection of pipes on the flume can be accomplished, that the recess body is provided on the outside with a same over the circumference extending seal which protrudes radially with a foot part over the recess body whose seal However, sealing part is inserted in the recess body.

In order to adapt the openings of the shaft bottom for connecting pipes to the slope of the channels, the recess body are advantageously adapted at their ends in accordance with the predetermined gradient of the channel.

Moldings for forming the molded body are made of foam, in particular rigid foam plastic or thermoplastic foam, such as EPS, or made of plastic and expediently have a rectilinear or arcuate longitudinal extension, wherein the cross section corresponds to the cross section of the channel, and optionally the height of Cross-section of the fitting is sized larger than the height of the cross section of the channel.

The prefabricated fittings ensure the mechanical production of manhole bottoms with channels predetermined cross-section without elaborate mold work It must be ensured only for a seamless transition between individual fittings. For this purpose, any joints between the fittings or between the fittings and the mold bottom or to the Aussparungsstücke be covered and / or filled with a joint filler.

Due to the thermoplastic properties of the foams used, the profile pieces can not only frontally, but also in the area of the tread of the mold bottom facing attachment surface in any way with the help of a heating wire in a relatively simple way cropped. The feed of the heating wire can be controlled mechanically depending on the respective required shape.

A preferred embodiment of a shaped piece is characterized in that the shaped piece on its surface forming the channel has a recess for inserting a strip provided as a separating aid.

A suitable variant is characterized in that in the fitting at least one heating wire for the purpose of dividing and / or separating out a part thereof, preferably a wedge-shaped part, is provided.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which a plurality of embodiments are illustrated.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Schachtbodens aus Beton in einem schematischen Axialschnitt,

Fig. 2

diese Vorrichtung in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 3

die Draufsicht auf einen Formkörper mit gegenüber den Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 abgewandeltem Formkörper,

Fig. 4

eine der Fig. 3 entsprechende Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Formkörpers,

Fig. 5

ein zur Herstellung des Formkörpers vorgefertigtes gerades Formstück in Draufsicht,

Fig. 6

einen Querschnitt des Formstücks gemäß der Linie VI - VI der Fig. 5,

Fig. 7

ein kreisbogenförmiges Formstück mit einem der Fig. 6 entsprechenden Querschnitt in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 8

ein aus einem Formstück nach der Fig. 5 bearbeitetes Formstück in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 9

einen Querschnitt des Formstücks nach der Fig. 8 gemäß der Linie IX - IX,

Fig. 10

eine der Fig. 8 entsprechende Darstellung eines weiteren Formstücks,

Fig. 11

die zu einem Formkörper zusammengesetzten Formstücke nach den Fig. 8 und 10 im Schrägriss,

Fig. 12

eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Schachtbodenteiles in einem schematischen Axialschnitt und

Fig. 13

eine Konstruktionsvariante einer erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Schachtbodens in einem schematischen Axialschnitt,

Fig. 14

einen Aussparungskörper im Schnitt,

Fig. 15

ein Detail A der Fig. 14,

Fig. 16 und 17

ein Verfahren zum leichten Entfernen eines Formstückes aus dem Gerinne und die

Fig. 18 bis 20

an einem Formstück angeordnete Trennhilfsmittel.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a device according to the invention for producing a shaft floor made of concrete in a schematic axial section,

Fig. 2

this device in a plan view,

Fig. 3

the top view of a shaped body with respect to the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 modified shaped body,

Fig. 4

one of the Fig. 3 corresponding representation of a further embodiment of a shaped body,

Fig. 5

a prefabricated for the production of the molded body straight fitting in plan view,

Fig. 6

a cross section of the fitting according to the line VI - VI of Fig. 5 .

Fig. 7

a circular arc shaped fitting with one of Fig. 6 corresponding cross section in a plan view,

Fig. 8

a from a fitting after the Fig. 5 machined fitting in a side view,

Fig. 9

a cross section of the fitting after the Fig. 8 according to the line IX-IX,

Fig. 10

one of the Fig. 8 corresponding representation of another fitting,

Fig. 11

the assembled into a shaped body fittings according to the FIGS. 8 and 10 in oblique view,

Fig. 12

a further embodiment of an inventive device for producing a shaft bottom part in a schematic axial section and

Fig. 13

a construction variant of an inventive device for producing a shaft bottom in a schematic axial section,

Fig. 14

a recess body in section,

Fig. 15

a detail A of Fig. 14 .

FIGS. 16 and 17

a method for easily removing a shaped piece from the channel and the

Fig. 18 to 20

arranged on a fitting separation aids.

According to Fig. 1 and 2 For example, the apparatus for producing a shaft floor made of concrete has a bottom mold 1, which is composed of a mold jacket 2 and a coaxial mold bottom 3, which is pot-shaped and forms a bottom 4. This mold bottom 3 is arranged on a frame-like support frame 5, the coupling lugs 6 has. The mold shell 2 is provided with similar coupling tabs 7, so that the mold shell 2 with the mold bottom 3 via the coupling lugs 6 and the coupling tabs 7 not only coupled together, but also can be connected to a turning device to the shaft bottom after manufacture before curing to be able to demould. However, it is of course also possible to pour the shaft bottom and allow to harden before demoulding accordingly.

On the outside of the bottom mold 4 of the mold bottom 3 is a shaped body 8 is arranged to form a channel, which consists of straight fittings 9 and circular arc-shaped fittings 10 (see. Fig. 4 ) and releasably connected to the bottom 4 is connected. At the free end faces of these fittings 9 and 10 recess body 11 are connected to the inlets and outlets, which rest after assembly of the mold base 3 with the mold shell 2 on the mold shell 2. The bottom mold 1 can then be placed with upwardly facing bottom 4 on a vibrating table to shake the concrete 12 in the upwardly open bottom mold 1. When covering the bottom 4 and the molded body 8 constructed thereon with concrete, the channel of the shaft bottom is formed, in a uniform over the entire shaft bottom concrete quality.

After smoothing of the concrete, a bottom pallet 14 is placed on the bottom mold 1 and connected to the mold shell 2, so that the bottom mold 1 turned and the shaped manhole bottom can be deposited with down-facing shaft bottom on the bottom pallet before the chess bottom is removed from the mold. For demolding of the shaft bottom of the mold shell 2 and the mold bottom 3 are detached from each other, so that the mold bottom 3 can be deducted from the shaft bottom 2 in front of the mold jacket. The inserted between the mold shell 2 and the mold bottom 3 mold ring 13, by means of which a Randfalz is formed for placing manhole rings on the manhole base, however, remains on the front side of the peripheral wall of the shaft bottom to the Falzausbildung during the curing of the concrete 12 in this area to protect.

Regardless of whether the concrete 12 is shaken in a turnable for demoulding bottom mold 1 or poured into a non-reversible bottom mold and partially cured in this, the molded body 8 must be adapted to the respective requirements of the channel guide in the shaft bottom for a machine production of manhole bottoms , This is achieved by prefabricated fittings 14, 15, as in the Fig. 5 to 7 are shown. These prefabricated shaped pieces 14, 15 correspond in their profile cross section the required cross section of the channel, which in turn must be adapted to the nominal diameter of the subsequent sewer pipes, so that with comparatively few cross-sectional shapes for the prefabricated fittings 14 and 15 Auslangen can be found.

Since the merging of provided in their location sewers in the shaft bottom can always be ensured via the channels with straight and circular channel sections, it is sufficient to provide for the formation of these channels straight fittings 14 and fittings 15 with a circular arc-shaped axis corresponding to the respective requirements are cut to length. According to Fig. 2 For the production of a T-shaped channel only a straight fitting 14 is required, wherein the 9b perpendicular to the bottom 4 diametrically continuous fitting 9a fitting must be adjusted frontally by the end face is cut according to the cross-sectional shape of the continuous mold piece 9a, which in shaped pieces 14 of thermoplastic foam can be easily carried out using a heating wire.

In addition to the course of the channel, however, care must also be taken to adapt to a channel gradient adapted to the particular conditions of a construction site. For this purpose, the fittings 14 and 15 can be prefabricated with a height h exceeding the Gerinnetiefe, so that the shaped pieces 14 and 15 can preferably be removed or cut in a wedge shape after being cut to length on the floor 4 facing side, as can be seen from Fig. 8 for that in the Fig. 2 diametrically continuous molding 9a through the separation surface 16 can be seen. Since the berm of a shaft bottom has a slope sloping towards the channel, the bottom 4 is provided, for example, with roof surfaces 17 sloping from one diameter to both sides, wherein the section line 18 of the two roof surfaces 17 running along a diameter is aligned in the direction of the channel course. This means that the predetermined by the separation surface 16 in its course attachment surface 19 must be additionally trimmed according to the inclination of the roof surfaces 17, which, however, because of the flat roof surfaces 17 is not difficult. The processed in terms of its attachment surface 19 fitting 9a is in the Fig. 9 shown in cross section.

The mold piece 9b which is perpendicular to the mold piece 9a is likewise to be machined with respect to the required slope for this chute portion. Because of its arrangement on only one of the two roof surfaces 17 can be considered on the inclination of the separating surface 16 at the same time the inclination of the berm, as the Fig. 10 can be removed. In this case, the separating surface 16 already forms the attachment surface 19. As has already been stated, the end face of the molding 9b facing the molding 9a is to be trimmed in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of the profile piece 9a. In the Fig. 10 the relevant cut surface is denoted by 20.

The fittings 9a and 9b can now according to the diagram after Fig. 11 be joined together and trimmed at the free end faces corresponding to the cylinder jacket of the cup-shaped mold bottom 3, to be subsequently placed on this and connected to this. The attachment of the machined fittings 9 a and 9 b on the floor 4 can be done in different ways, because it is only about the fittings 9 and 10 to secure against displacement on the floor 4. For this purpose, the fittings 9a and 9b can be screwed through the bottom 4 therethrough.

According to Fig. 3 , which shows the mold bottom 3 without mold jacket 2, a channel with a radially continuous section and two sections opening at an acute angle to be made. For this purpose, in turn, only straight fittings 14 are required, which must be cut to length and trimmed accordingly. As Fig. 3 can be removed, it is by no means necessary to specify uniform cross-sectional dimensions for the Gerinneteile. In order to avoid joints between the individual fittings 9 and 9 allow rounding in the area of the intersections between the individual fittings, the joints or intersections can be filled with a joint filler and / or covered accordingly, as shown in the Fig. 3 is indicated in the transition region between the fittings 9 by the reference numeral 21.

Fig. 4 shows a shaped body 8 for a channel course, which contains a bow. For this purpose, in addition to the straight fittings 14 a circular arc-shaped fitting 15 is required, which is cut to length according to the required length on the fitting 10 between the two straight fittings 9. Because of the frontal juxtaposition these fittings 9 and 10 is to provide only an axis normal shock, which creates simple manufacturing conditions.

In Fig. 12 is a bottom mold 1 for casting a shaft bottom shown schematically. This bottom mold 1 in turn has a mold bottom 2 surrounded by a mold shell 3, which is pot-shaped and carries on its bottom 22 a replaceable bottom 4, which has a continuous, adapted to the inclination of the Gerinnegefälles inclination. Since thus the channel slope is already taken into account by the inclination of the bottom 4, the fittings 9 need not be circumcised to form the Gerineverile with respect to their height. Accordingly, shaped pieces can be prefabricated with a profile cross-section which corresponds exactly to the channel cross-section, the shaped pieces 9 only having to be cut to length accordingly. After the preparation of the recess body 11 for the inlet and outlet can be used with the thus prepared bottom 4 molded body inserted into the mold shell 2 and the bottom mold 1 with concrete 12 are poured. To form a Randfalzes a mold ring 13 is placed on the poured concrete 12. After an at least partial curing of the concrete, the finished manhole base can be removed from the mold.

As Fig. 13 can be removed, the shaft bottom can also be made separately from the pot-shaped shaft with a flat bottom and subsequently inserted into the pot-like shaft. For this purpose, a bottom mold is required, which has a corresponding bottom 4 within a mold shell 23. On the bottom 4 cut pieces 9 are cut to the required for the channel negative mold in the manner already described in order to then pour the concrete 12 on the bottom mold 4 can. After at least partial curing of the shaped shaft bottom, this can be removed from the mold.

According to FIGS. 14 and 15 In a recess body 11, a seal 24 is provided which protrudes with its foot part 25 over the surface 26 of the recess body 11 and is anchored with this foot part 25 during the filling of the concrete in the bottom mold 1 in the concrete. The seal 24 protrudes with a sealing lip 27 into the recess body 11, which sealing lip 27 protrudes after the forming of the shaft bottom and removing the recess body 11 in the opening formed by the recess body. This makes it possible to prevent inadvertent wrong insertion of the seal 24 in the concrete, also the seal 24 is reliably anchored in the concrete, so that when inserting a pipe end into the opening of the shaft bottom, a displacement of the seal or an inadmissible deformation of the seal 24th can not take place anymore.

For the simple provision of a seal 24 in the recess body 11, it is formed in two parts, for example composed of two pipe sections 11 'and 11 " Fig. 14 is shown, is suitably made of the same material as the shaped body 8. It can be screwed or glued to the end faces of the shaped body 8.

In order to accomplish a simple release of the shaped body 8 or a shaped piece 9 of concrete during stripping, it is expedient to cut out from the shaped body 8 or shaped piece 9 by means of a cutting device a wedge-shaped part 28 along and / or transversely, as shown in FIG FIGS. 16 and 17 is illustrated. Thereafter, the shaped body 8 or the fitting 9 can be folded together and easily removed from the flume. As a cutting device in this case 8 Heizdrähte_29 provided in the molded body 8 even before its attachment in the bottom mold, which are connected when stripping to a power source and then allow easy cutting out of a wedge-shaped part (see. FIGS. 18 and 19 ) - by moving out in different directions 29 'and 29 ".

Another variant, which facilitates the removal of the molded body 8 or shaped piece 9 from the channel during stripping, is in Fig. 20 illustrated. Here, a strip 30 is provided as a separating aid, for example a tear-resistant adhesive tape which surrounds the shaped body 8 or the shaped piece 9 at least at one point of its longitudinal extent. This band 30 then allows easy gripping and pulling out of the shaped body 8 or shaped piece 9 from the channel.

If this band 30 has a greater thickness, the band 30 is expediently inserted into a recess provided from the outset on the shaped body 8 and extending around the circumference of the shaped body 8, the depth of this recess being dimensioned such that when the band 30 is applied a completely smooth surface 31 of the molding is given.

The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiments, which merely serve to illustrate the concept of the invention, which consists in the provision of prefabricated fittings 9 with adapted to the respective channel cross-section profile cross-section of various channels courses by a suitable assembly of the separated pieces 9 of the pieces to be able to realize without having to do without a mechanical production.

As a particularly suitable material for the molding 8 and its individual fittings 9, a lightweight foam, in particular the well-known under the brand "Styrofoam" rigid foam plastic has been found that can be foamed in a simple manner in molds to the moldings 9, according to Foaming has a sufficiently high compressive strength and dimensional stability, can be easily cut by suitable cutting tools, such as hot wire, saws, knives, and ultimately also represents a very cheap product.

Although fittings made of polystyrene Styrofoam 8 can be made in a concrete plant by foaming in various forms, it is usually appropriate prefabricate fittings 9 in different dimensions, cross-sections and radii of curvature, which may provide price advantages and consistent properties or quality guaranteed. From different fittings 9 then suitable for the individual channels to be produced specimens are selected and cut to predetermined final dimensions. For this purpose, particularly heating wire cutting devices with adjustable linear and arcuate cut are suitable. The mold segments cut to final dimensions are then joined together to form the respective shaped body, e.g. glued together. The one-piece molded body 8 thus formed, after finishing, e.g. with respect to its height on the mold bottom 3, positioned in a predetermined position and e.g. fixed by releasable fasteners. However, the cut fittings 9 can also be individually releasably fastened to the mold bottom 3 in virtually seamless joint system. The material and manufacturing costs of the molded articles 8 made of styrofoam are so low that a single use is economically justifiable and the shaped bodies 8 are removed from the already hardened channels even if the shaped bodies 8 are damaged, e.g. can be knocked out. Compared to conventional production of individual channels by walling by hand, there are serious cost advantages through the cheap moldings 8 and the possibility of automated production of the shaft bottoms with individual channels.

For the production of the molded body and its fittings, other materials are conceivable that can be brought in a simple manner in the respective form, are inexpensive and have the necessary for the molding process of the shaft bottom pressure resistance. In addition, the shaped body 8 can also be produced from hollow shaped pieces 9, for example made from plastic pipe blanks, which are connected to one another at their butt ends thermally or by gluing to one another and / or to the core bottom. The molded body 8 should have smooth outer surfaces throughout, so that the molded channels are smooth-walled. When using rigid foam, the desired smooth surfaces already result from the foaming process. Cut open-pored areas of such fittings 9 and also moldings 8 with a relatively rough surface can be covered, for example, by applying cut-to-size films or liquid or pasty substances before the concrete pouring takes place. The covers made of films or other substances or formed by release agents, such as wax or oil, can prevent caking of the concrete and facilitate the removal of the molding 8.

In summary, it should be noted that the invention provides over the prior art, a number of significant advantages: The fittings 9, 10, 14, 15 are made of inexpensive materials and can be processed by simple technical means, such as knives, saws, cutting wires. The assembly of the shaped pieces 9, 10, 14, 15 to the shaped body 8 and also the fixation of the individual Fünstück 9 or the shaped body 8 on the mold bottom 3 is also carried out in a technically simple manner, e.g. by gluing or by means of suitable fasteners, such as screws, dowels, etc. It is essential that all these measures be carried out by the manufacturer of the manhole bottoms on site, i. in the concrete plant, can be made. The simple production and the low price of a complete, possibly complicated shaped shaped body 8 makes it possible for the first time to machine series production of manhole bottoms with individual channels, the term "individual channel" meaning that each channel has the same dimensions as e.g. Its channel management differs from other channels. For mass production of such manhole bases with repeated use of the normal bottom molds 1, i. always the same mold shells and moldings, it is only necessary to solve the molding 8 of an already manufactured manhole base before or after removal from the mold bottom 3 and placed on this mold bottom 3 a new prefabricated moldings 8, whereupon another shaft bottom are made with individual flume can.

Claims (27)

1. A method for producing a concrete shaft bottom having a channel of a predetermined shape where concrete is filled into a bottom mould (1) having a mantle (2) and a mould base (3), on which mould base (3) a moulded article (8) is disposed forming the female mould of the channel for forming the channel, wherein the moulded article (8) is formed of moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15), directly fixed to the bottom mould (1) between opposite sides of the mantle (2) or to the mould base (3) and removed after or during the striking/stripping of the formwork of the shaft bottom from the shaft bottom, characterized in that
   the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) consist of a material resisting the pressure of the concrete during filling and are made of a foam, rigid foam plastics, thermoplastic foam or plastics, and
   the moulded article (8) having the predetermined female mould of the channel is formed of two or more moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) adapted to the measurements of the predetermined form of the channel,
   the method comprising the steps of:

   - selecting two or more moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) from a plurality of moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) of different shapes having a straight or curved longitudinal extension,

   - cutting to size the two or more selected moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) for adapting to the measurements of the predetermined shape of the channel, and

   - assembling the two or more selected moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) having a straight and/or curved longitudinal extension into a moulded article, wherein the individual moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) are joined to each other to form the moulded article or individually fixed to the mould base for forming the moulded article.
2. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) are made of a material forming a lost core.
3. The method of claim 2, characterized in that the moulded article (8) having the individual predetermined female mould of the channel is formed from the moulding elements (9,10, 14, 15) made of foam by cutting to size and subsequent assembly by gluing together.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cutting to size is performed by using a resistance wire.
5. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the moulded article (8) made of the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) first has a measurement exceeding the floor area of the mould base (3) and is adapted to the circumference of the mould base (3) after having been fixed to the bottom mould (1), the mould base (3) being separated from the mantle (2) during this process.
6. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in addition to a lengthwise adaptation, a height adaptation in accordance with the depth and/or slope of the individual predetermined shape of the channel is performed on the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15).
7. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a recess body (11) bridging the radial distance between the mantle (2) and the mould base (3) is respectively placed at the ends of the moulded core (8).
8. The method of claim 7, characterized in that the recess bodies (11) like the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) are formed of foam.
9. The method of claim 8, characterized in that the recess bodies (11) are adapted to the slope of the channel at the ends.
10. The method of one or more of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the recess bodies (11) are provided on the outside with a circumferentially extending sealing (24) before concrete is fed.
11. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the moulded article (8) is provided with a separating aid (29, 30) before the concrete is fed.
12. The method of claim 11, characterized in that the separating aid is formed by at least one foil placed around the moulded article (8) and/or by at least one strip (30) placed around the moulded article (8) which strip (30) is provided in a recess of a moulding element (9, 10, 14, 15) forming the moulded article (8).
13. The method of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the separating aid is formed by at least one resistance wire (29) provided in the moulded article (8).
14. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the removal of the moulded article (8) after the striking/stripping/removal of formwork of the shaft bottom is made by cutting a wedge-shaped piece (28) out of the moulded article (8), whereon the remaining moulded article parts collapse while releasing the contact with the concrete and can easily be lifted out of the channel.
15. A device for producing a concrete shaft bottom having a channel of a predetermined shape by using a bottom mould (1) having a mantle (2) and a mould base (3), in which bottom mould (3) a moulded article (8) forming the female mould of the channel is disposed for forming this channel, wherein the moulded article (8) is formed of at least two moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15), directly fixed to the bottom mould (1) between opposite sides of the mantle (2) or to the mould base (3) and forms a core to be removed from the shaft bottom, characterized in that
    the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) consist of a material resisting the pressure of the concrete during filling and are made of a foam, rigid foam plastics, thermoplastic foam or plastics, and are adapted to the measurements of the predetermined shape of the channel, wherein
    the moulded article (8) consists of two or more prefabricated moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) having a straight and/or curved longitudinal extension as well as a cross-section in accordance with the shape of the cross-section of the channel and are assembled in accordance with the geometry of the moulded article, the individual moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) being fixed to the mould base in a manner joined to each other in the bottom mould or individually.
16. The device of claim 15, characterized in that the mould base (3) has a level floor (4) which, however, is inclined to form a retreat and that the moulded article (8) has a level base area coming directly into contact with the mould base (3).
17. The device of one or more of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that at the ends of the moulded article (8) recess bodies are provided that bridge the radial distance from the mould base (3) to the mantle (2).
18. The device of claim 17, characterized in that the recess bodies (11) are made of bodies forming a lost core, which are provided on the outside with a circumferentially extending sealing (24), which sealing (24) protrudes radially over the recess body (11) with a base part (25), the sealing part (27) of which, however, is inserted into the recess body (11).
19. The device of claim 18, characterized in that the recess bodies (11) are adapted in accordance with the slope of the channel at their ends adjoining the moulded article (8) as well as at the ends coming into contact with the mantle (2).
20. The device of one or more of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the moulded article (8) is complemented at the ends thereof by a respective recess body (11) forming a female mould of a pipe joint.
21. The device of claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the recess body (11) is provided on the outside with a sealing (24) extending across the circumference thereof, which sealing (24) radially protrudes over the recess body (11) with a base part (25), the sealing part (27) of which, however, is inserted in the recess body (11).
22. The device of one or more of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the recess bodies (11) are adapted in accordance with the predetermined slope of the channel at their ends.
23. A group of moulding elements for producing a moulded article (8) forming a female mould of a channel of a shaft bottom according to a method of one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) are made of foam resisting the pressure of the concrete, rigid foam plastics, thermoplastic foam or plastics, and
    the group of moulding elements consists of moulding elements (9, 14) having a straight longitudinal extension and moulding elements (10, 15) having a curved longitudinal extension, the cross-section of the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) corresponding to a cross-section of the channel.
24. The group of moulding elements of claim 23, characterized in that the height of the cross-section of the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) is dimensioned to be larger than the height of the cross-section of the channel.
25. The group of moulding elements of claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the moulding elements have a recess for inserting a strip (30) intended as a separating aid on the surface forming the channel.
26. The group of moulding elements of one or more of claims 223 to 25, characterized in that in the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) at least one resistance wire (29) is provided for the purpose of dividing and/or separating a part out of the moulding elements (9,10, 14, 15).
27. The group of moulding elements of claim 23, characterized in that in the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15) at least one resistance wire (29) is provided for dividing and/or separating a wedge-shaped part out of the moulding elements (9, 10, 14, 15).

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