EP1600727A2 - Einrichtung zum Tarnen spekular reflektierender Oberflächen - Google Patents
Einrichtung zum Tarnen spekular reflektierender Oberflächen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1600727A2 EP1600727A2 EP05011332A EP05011332A EP1600727A2 EP 1600727 A2 EP1600727 A2 EP 1600727A2 EP 05011332 A EP05011332 A EP 05011332A EP 05011332 A EP05011332 A EP 05011332A EP 1600727 A2 EP1600727 A2 EP 1600727A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation source
- outer layer
- camouflage device
- antenna
- camouflage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for disguising specularly reflective Surfaces.
- phased-array antennas In the field of long-range radars belong so-called "phased-array antennas" to the state of the art. Special feature of these antennas is a flat outer surface in the direction of the antenna array. Because the View angle of this antenna array azimuthally limited, for the operational marine operation but a 360 ° view is necessary, this will Antenna system regularly rotated about its (vertical axis) vertical axis. For optimal detection of the elevation (total angle of the upper hemisphere logo CNRS logo INIST 90 °) is a basic orientation of the array area in the range of 45 ° to Horizon level required.
- one unpainted flat glass panel reflects depending on the pollution and Orientation 5-8% of the incident intensity and delivers over 20 depending on the size km distance for imaging sensors a conspicuous signal.
- the width of the antenna is the total angular extent of the sun, in 10 km Distance still 5% or just under 1 mrad, i. for most imaging Sensors more than one pixel width.
- a geometric "dilution" only occurs Multiples of this distance, i. usually far beyond the horizon.
- Decisive is the large extent of the almost perfect plan front the antenna.
- a reduction of the spectral reflectance (black color) to suppress the specular reflex would have brought well below 0.5% which is practically not according to the well-known prior art is reachable.
- the object of the invention is a permanently effective suppression of to achieve specular reflection with simple means.
- a camouflage device for camouflaging is specular reflective surfaces of an object to be camouflaged with functional elements for influencing the reflection of an assumed radiation source provided, each functional element as part of an outer layer on its the radiation source facing side has a pair of individual surfaces, the run in the longitudinal direction next to each other and their surfaces at an angle are arranged to each other, wherein the camouflage means by means of a mechanism can be arranged on the object that the camouflage device with respect on the assumed position of a radiation source in front of the reflective Surface is arranged and the angular arrangement of each associated Individual surfaces runs such that the surface normal of a first 21 of Individual surfaces is inclined downwards, the surface normal of a second 22 of the Individual surfaces steeper than 80 ° to the horizontal plane shows, and their Surface curves form an angle of ⁇ 90 ° to each other.
- the actual width of the individual areas between 2 and 5 mm.
- the antenna facing the back of the outer layer a pair of individual surfaces have, which run in the longitudinal direction next to each other and their Surfaces are arranged at an angle to each other to avoid distortion of the Antenna radiation due to the structuring of the outside of the outer layer at least partially compensated.
- a camouflage device for camouflaging specularly reflective Surfaces of an object to be camouflaged with functional elements for Influencing the reflection of an assumed radiation source proposed in which each functional element as part of an outer layer his side facing the radiation source valleys and elevations with Height differences between 2 and 4 mm at a width of the valleys, the one to twice greater than the depth of the valleys, having the camouflage device can be arranged by means of a mechanism on the object, that the The longitudinal direction of the valleys and elevations in the horizontal plane runs at one Fluctuation range of ⁇ 10 °.
- a solution to the problem is inventively not as in the state of Technology achieved by reducing the reflectance, but by Switch off the specularity.
- the solution according to the invention provides a macroscopic break-up of the Area by structures in the range of ⁇ 1 mm.
- the camouflage device serves to camouflage speculatively reflective surfaces. These surfaces may contain components e.g. one Antenna, a radar absorber, a building wall or a wall of a Vehicle, e.g. a ship or a land vehicle. As a Application of the invention is an antenna on a ship in Figure 1 represented, having the camouflage device according to the invention.
- the camouflage device 1 Reflections due to the radiation of a radiation source and in particular the sun on one of the radiation source facing outer layer 10 for a external observer or a sensor compensated.
- the Outer layer 10 functional elements F which in the longitudinal direction L are arranged side by side.
- Each functional element has on its the radiation source S facing Side a pair of individual surfaces 21, 22, in the longitudinal direction L next to each other and their surfaces at an angle to each other.
- the angled Arrangement of each associated individual surfaces 21, 22 is provided such that the surface normal 31 of a first 21 of the individual surfaces inclined downwards is, i. below the horizon, and the surface normal 32 of a second 22 of the Individual surfaces steeper than 80 ° to the horizontal plane.
- the Arrangement of the individual surfaces 21, 22 of a functional element of the outer layer 10 arranged so that their surface curves at an angle of ⁇ 90 ° form each other. This ensures that the outer layer does not look like one Retroreflector works.
- the camouflage device 1 arranged so that said Angular determinations in relation to the horizontal plane in one Fluctuation of 5 ° are respected. This can be done by an appropriate Holding device P and optionally additionally a positioning device be assured. It can additionally be provided that the L longitudinal direction in the horizontal direction or in the direction of the position of the Antenna locally existing earth's surface runs, whereby for the course in horizontal direction a predetermined fluctuation width of preferably 5 ° is allowed. It may also have additional functionality in these cases the camouflage device connected to the orientation of the camouflage device is ensured such that the longitudinal direction L within predetermined limits runs horizontally.
- the outer layer 10 is made of a Tissue and one on at least one side of the tissue formed knit structure formed.
- a knit structure on only one side of the fabric tarpaulin is the active structure on the side of the Radiation source S angeorndet.
- the outer structure of a plastic and in particular Polypropylene be formed.
- This has the advantage of a high Corrosion resistance in a relatively easy manufacturability.
- Another advantage is that the color of the plastic according to the intended External conditions can be selected and executed.
- the partial surfaces 21, 22 are preferably designed relatively smooth.
- the partial surfaces 21, 22 have an actual width between 1 and 10 mm and in special applications between 2 and 5 mm.
- the outer layer 10 may be on the side of the suspected Radiation source S horizontal valleys and elevations of preferably have 2 to 4 mm in height, the width of the valleys one to twice greater than the depth of the valleys.
- the horizontal course of the valleys and Elevations refers to their longitudinal direction, with a fluctuation range of 10 ° and preferably 5 ° is accepted. It is in particular provided that the said radiation source S facing Outside of the outer layer of an active structure 7 on the basis of a Spacer fabric or knitted fabric is formed.
- An advantage of an active structure is that the camouflaging material too Cleaning purposes can be removed, or easy to wear replace is.
- Conceivable here is a Schnapprollo arrangement it allows, if necessary, the fabric structure as a camouflage kit over the entire Antenna surface to pull.
- a variant of this arrangement looks instead a roller blind accommodating the fabric roll according to the invention in an unwinding and Aufwickelmagazin 8 and 9 before. As a special advantage This makes it an easy way to clamp and while running Renew the fabric tarpaulin.
- the material is subject to a number of requirements according to the invention by using a 100% polypropylene yarn (PP), which is already in the Thread is dyed and undergoes no further treatment, are met.
- PP polypropylene yarn
- the Knit structure creates on the bottom a continuous plane on which Top valleys and elevations in the range 2-4 mm height. The width of the valleys is 1-2 times as big as the depth.
- the described design of the outer layer 10 to a wavelength range the radiation generated by the radiation source S of about 0.4 to 5.0 microns refers.
- a structure provided, which the Distortion of the radar waves generated by the antenna compensated is at least provided so that the on the radiation source S facing side of the outer layer 10 occurring distortion effect at least 50% and preferably 80% compensated and ideally is neutralized, i. that the beam passage of the generated by the antenna Radiation remains unchanged.
- the back side R of the outer layer 10th Functional elements may be formed with a pair of individual surfaces in their Longitudinal L side by side and their surfaces at an angle to each other run.
- the angular arrangement of each associated individual surfaces is provided such that the surface normal of a first 21 of the individual surfaces is inclined downwards, i. below the horizon, and the surface normal a second 22 of the individual surfaces is steeper than 80 ° to the horizontal plane.
- the arrangement of the individual surfaces 21, 22 of a functional element of Outer layer 10 is arranged so that their surface curves an angle form ⁇ 90 ° to each other.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- eine schematisch Darstellung eines Schiffes mit einer Antenne sowie einer darauf angeordneten erfindungsgemäßen Tarneinrichtung mit Funktionselementen, die in einer ersten Ausführungsform schematisch zusätzlich in einer vergrößerten Darstellung gezeigt ist,
- Figur 2
- eine weitere Darstellung einer Antenne mit einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Funktionselemente.
Claims (4)
- Tarneinrichtung zum Tarnen von spekular reflektierenden Oberflächen eines zu tarnenden Objektes mit Funktionselementen zur Beeinflussung der Reflexion einer angenommenen Strahlungsquelle (S),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
jedes Funktionselement als Teil einer Außenschicht (10) auf seiner der Strahlungsquelle (S) zugewandten Seite ein Paar von Einzelflächen (21, 22) aufweist, die in deren Längsrichtung (L) nebeneinander verlaufen und deren Oberflächen winklig zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei die Tarneinrichtung mittels einer Mechanik derart an dem Objekt angeordnet werden kann, dass die Tarneinrichtung in Bezug auf die angenommene Position einer Strahlungsquelle (S) vor der reflektierenden Oberfläche angeordnet ist und die winklige Anordnung der jeweils zugeordneten Einzelflächen (21, 22) derart verläuft, dass die Flächennormale (31) einer ersten 21 der Einzelflächen nach unten geneigt ist, die Flächennormale (32) einer zweiten 22 der Einzelflächen steiler als 80° zur Horizontalebene zeigt, und deren Oberflächenverläufe einen Winkel von < 90° zueinander bilden. - Tarneinrichtung nach dem Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die tatsächliche Breite der Einzelflächen (21, 22) zwischen 2 und 5 mm liegt. - Tarneinrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
bei einer Verwendung der Tarneinrichtung für die Tarnung einer Antenne die der Antenne zugewandte Rückseite (R) der Außenschicht (10) ein Paar von Einzelflächen (21, 22) aufweist, die in deren Längsrichtung (L) nebeneinander verlaufen und deren Oberflächen winklig zueinander angeordnet sind, um Verzerrungen der Antennenstrahlung aufgrund der Strukturierung der Außenseite der Außenschicht (10) zumindest teilweise kompensiert wird. - Tarneinrichtung zum Tarnen von spekular reflektierenden Oberflächen eines zu tarnenden Objektes mit Funktionselementen zur Beeinflussung der Reflexion einer angenommenen Strahlungsquelle (S),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
jedes Funktionselement als Teil einer Außenschicht (10) auf seiner der Strahlungsquelle (S) zugewandten Seite Täler und Erhebungen mit Höhenunterschieden zwischen 2 und 4 mm bei einer Weite der Täler, die ein- bis zweimal größer ist als die Tiefe der Täler, aufweist, wobei die Tarneinrichtung mittels einer Mechanik derart an dem Objekt angeordnet werden kann, dass die Längsrichtung der Täler und Erhebungen in der Horizontalebene verläuft bei einer Schwankungsbreite von ± 10°.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004025647 | 2004-05-26 | ||
| DE102004025647A DE102004025647B4 (de) | 2004-05-26 | 2004-05-26 | Einrichtung zum Tarnen spekular reflektierender Oberflächen |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1600727A2 true EP1600727A2 (de) | 2005-11-30 |
| EP1600727A3 EP1600727A3 (de) | 2006-07-12 |
| EP1600727B1 EP1600727B1 (de) | 2008-08-27 |
Family
ID=34936922
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05011332A Expired - Lifetime EP1600727B1 (de) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-05-25 | Einrichtung zum Tarnen spekular reflektierender Oberflächen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7271759B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1600727B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102004025647B4 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009112810A1 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-17 | Qinetiq Limited | Identification device |
| WO2015033132A1 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | Kelvin Hughes Limited | Radar apparatus for a ship |
| EP3399592A1 (de) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-11-07 | Hoffmann Messtechnik GmbH | Antennensystem |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090252982A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-10-08 | Qinetiq Limited | Indentification device |
| SE536447C2 (sv) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-11-05 | Induflex AB | Spännanordning för att spänna ut en radomduk |
| US9140240B2 (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2015-09-22 | Justin B. POKOTYLO | Reducing the visual impact of offshore wind farms |
| DE102014003129A1 (de) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-10 | Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh | Marineschiff mit deckseitigen Abdeckungen zur Reduzierung von Radarsignaturen |
| DE102014103601A1 (de) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-17 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Vorrichtung zur Reduktion der effektiven Radarrückstrahlfläche |
| DE102015202551A1 (de) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-18 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Faltbarer RCS Behälter |
| WO2018193844A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-10-25 | 株式会社フジクラ | 多層基板、多層基板アレイ、及び送受信モジュール |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19710692C2 (de) | 1997-03-14 | 1999-09-09 | Dornier Gmbh | Multispektrales Tarnelement |
| DE19955608C2 (de) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-01-30 | Dornier Gmbh | Infrarot-Tarnvorrichtung |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE400528C (de) * | 1921-08-29 | 1924-08-12 | Walther Thorner Dr | Einrichtung, um die Sichtbarkeit auf dem Meere befindlicher Gegenstaende durch Anbringung von Winkelspiegeln zu verringern |
| NL244508A (de) * | 1958-12-04 | |||
| DE2818942C2 (de) * | 1978-04-28 | 1986-03-27 | Zellweger Uster Ag, Uster | Verfahren zur Raumüberwachung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| US4839661A (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1989-06-13 | Eyring Research Institute, Inc. | Guided wave antenna system and method |
| US4743478A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1988-05-10 | Klaus-Werner Pusch | Broad band camouflage screen having a frequency dependent radar attenuation |
| US4640851A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1987-02-03 | Gunter Pusch | Broad band camouflage screen having a frequency dependent radar attenuation |
| DK353285D0 (da) * | 1985-08-02 | 1985-08-02 | Willi Gottlieb | Beskyttelses- og/eller sloeringsmateriale |
| WO1989006338A1 (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1989-07-13 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Infrared signature control mechanism |
| DE8813680U1 (de) * | 1988-11-02 | 1989-05-03 | Spinnerei und Webereien Zell-Schönau AG, 7863 Zell | Plane zur Abschirmung von Objekten |
| DE4033300C2 (de) * | 1990-10-19 | 1994-06-23 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Mehrschichtiger, kartenförmiger Datenträger und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
| US5220462A (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-06-15 | Feldman Jr Karl T | Diode glazing with radiant energy trapping |
| ATE297262T1 (de) * | 1996-01-11 | 2005-06-15 | Gregory Edye Ross | Perimeter beschichtungsverfahren |
| GB2319165B (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 2000-05-10 | Teledyne Ind | Camouflage covering |
| US5977931A (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 1999-11-02 | Antenex, Inc. | Low visibility radio antenna with dual polarization |
| FR2775146B1 (fr) * | 1998-02-18 | 2000-03-31 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | Systeme radiometrique hyperfrequence interferometrique a balayage mecanique |
| AU775033B2 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2004-07-15 | John L. Larue | Camouflaged structure and method of camouflaging a structure against a background having a generally uniform composition |
| DE19955609B4 (de) * | 1999-11-19 | 2004-09-16 | Dornier Gmbh | Infrarot-Tarnsystem |
| GB9929752D0 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2000-02-09 | Secr Defence | Textured surface |
| DE19962407B4 (de) * | 1999-12-22 | 2005-09-22 | Autronic-Melchers Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen von optischen Eigenschaften reflektierender Objekte, z.B. von reflektiv betriebenen Flüssigkristall-Zellen |
| GB0209242D0 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2002-06-05 | Omova Wallcovering Uk Ltd | Camouflage covering |
| US20060046159A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-02 | Emslander Jeffrey O | Methods of manufacturing substrates with multiple images |
| US7594976B2 (en) * | 2005-05-13 | 2009-09-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of manufacturing substrates |
-
2004
- 2004-05-26 DE DE102004025647A patent/DE102004025647B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-05-25 EP EP05011332A patent/EP1600727B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-05-25 DE DE502005005168T patent/DE502005005168D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-05-26 US US11/137,417 patent/US7271759B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19710692C2 (de) | 1997-03-14 | 1999-09-09 | Dornier Gmbh | Multispektrales Tarnelement |
| DE19955608C2 (de) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-01-30 | Dornier Gmbh | Infrarot-Tarnvorrichtung |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009112810A1 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-17 | Qinetiq Limited | Identification device |
| GB2470543A (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2010-11-24 | Qinetiq Ltd | Identification device |
| GB2470543B (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2012-07-04 | Qinetiq Ltd | Identification method |
| EP3136142A1 (de) * | 2008-03-12 | 2017-03-01 | QinetiQ Limited | Identifizierungsvorrichtung |
| WO2015033132A1 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | Kelvin Hughes Limited | Radar apparatus for a ship |
| EP3399592A1 (de) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-11-07 | Hoffmann Messtechnik GmbH | Antennensystem |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102004025647A1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
| EP1600727B1 (de) | 2008-08-27 |
| DE502005005168D1 (de) | 2008-10-09 |
| US7271759B1 (en) | 2007-09-18 |
| EP1600727A3 (de) | 2006-07-12 |
| US20070222659A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
| DE102004025647B4 (de) | 2008-03-27 |
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