EP1564411B2 - Procédé de détection des erreurs de fonctionnement d'une unité de pompage - Google Patents

Procédé de détection des erreurs de fonctionnement d'une unité de pompage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1564411B2
EP1564411B2 EP04002979.5A EP04002979A EP1564411B2 EP 1564411 B2 EP1564411 B2 EP 1564411B2 EP 04002979 A EP04002979 A EP 04002979A EP 1564411 B2 EP1564411 B2 EP 1564411B2
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Prior art keywords
pump
motor
fault
variables
rotor
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EP04002979.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1564411A1 (fr
EP1564411B1 (fr
Inventor
Carsten Kallesoe
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Grundfos AS
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Grundfos AS
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Priority to EP04002979.5A priority Critical patent/EP1564411B2/fr
Priority to AT04002979T priority patent/ATE389807T1/de
Priority to DE502004006565T priority patent/DE502004006565D1/de
Priority to US10/597,892 priority patent/US8070457B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2005/001193 priority patent/WO2005078287A1/fr
Priority to CN200580008075.3A priority patent/CN1938520B/zh
Publication of EP1564411A1 publication Critical patent/EP1564411A1/fr
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Priority to US13/284,049 priority patent/US8353676B2/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F04D15/0245Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F04D15/0209Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid
    • F04D15/0218Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid the condition being a liquid level or a lack of liquid supply
    • F04D15/0236Lack of liquid level being detected by analysing the parameters of the electric drive, e.g. current or power consumption

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining errors in the operation of a pump unit, in particular a centrifugal pump unit according to the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • EP-A-1 286 056 It belongs to the state of the art to detect in a pump unit cavitation in the region of the pump by means of sensors which record the pump differential pressure and the flow rate. The data recorded by the sensors are fed to a classification system which determines through a neural network whether and to what extent cavitation exists.
  • EP-A-0 321 295 It belongs to the state of the art to detect by means of a variety of sensors hydraulic system data and mechanical data of the pump motor to detect critical operating conditions of the pump and turn off the pump if necessary in time when the pump z. B. runs dry or promotes closed valves.
  • Such a monitoring system is also made of tungsten, Armin, component-based fault diagnosis industrial plants using the example of frequency converter-fed asynchronous and centrifugal pumps, thesis TU Darmstadt, VDI Forfön Kunststoffsberichte, Series 8, No. 967, VDI Verlag 2002 , Dusseldorf known. There are also described in particular the model relationships between the engine and pump. This prior art forms the preamble of claim 1.
  • pump units are therefore considered to be the state of the art for providing a large number of sensors, on the one hand in order to detect operating conditions, and on the other hand also to determine fault conditions of the system and / or the pump unit.
  • the disadvantage here is that the sensors required in this context not only consuming and expensive, but is often prone to failure.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for detecting errors in the operation of a pump unit, which is executable with the lowest possible sensor.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to record characteristic data using characteristic electrical quantities of the motor which are generally available anyway or at least with little effort and two variable hydraulic variables to be determined by sensor for the electric motor and the hydraulic-mechanical pump to evaluate according to mathematical linkage. In the simplest form, this is done by comparison with predetermined values, wherein both the comparison and the result is done automatically by means of electronic data processing, which thus determines whether an error in the operation of the pump is present or not.
  • the method according to the invention requires a minimum of sensor technology and, in the case of modern frequency-converter-controlled pumps, which in any case have digital data processing, can generally be implemented by software. It is particularly advantageous that the variables determining the electrical power of the motor, namely typically the voltage applied to the motor and the current supplying the motor, are anyway available within the frequency converter electronics, so that for detecting a hydraulic variable, e.g. the differential pressure only a pressure sensor is required, which incidentally also often belongs to standard equipment in modern pumps.
  • the predetermined values required for comparison can be stored in digital form in corresponding memory modules of the engine electronics.
  • the two electrical quantities of the motor determining the electrical power of the motor are mathematically linked to obtain at least one reference value and, on the other hand, the at least one variable hydraulic variable the pump and another determining the performance of the pump hydraulic variable to achieve at least one further comparison value are mathematically linked, wherein it is then determined on the basis of the result of the mathematical combination by comparison with predetermined values, whether an error exists or not.
  • the mathematical combination is carried out for the motor-side data by appropriate for the electrical and / or magnetic relationships in the engine determining equations whereas equations are used for the pump, which describe the hydraulic and / or mechanical system.
  • the values resulting from the respective links are compared with predetermined values stored in the memory electronics, after which the electronic data processing automatically determines whether an error exists or not. and
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that it requires little storage space for the given values.
  • hydraulic variable is the generated by the pump. Used differential pressure, since this size can be detected on the aggregate side and the provision of such a pressure sensor in many pump types today is state of the art.
  • the flow rate of the pump In addition to the detection of the differential pressure is used as a hydraulic variable, the flow rate of the pump.
  • the detection of the flow rate can also be done on the aggregate side, also for this purpose are less expensive and long-term stable measuring systems available.
  • an electrical motor model is used for the mathematical combination for the variables determining the electrical power of the motor
  • a mechanical-hydraulic pump model is used for the mathematical combination of the mechanical-hydraulic pump variable.
  • the electric motor model it is preferable to use one defined by the equations (1) to (5) or (6) to (9) or (10) to (14).
  • Equations (1) to (5) represent an electric dynamic motor model for an asynchronous motor.
  • Equations (6) to (9) also represent an electric static motor model for an asynchronous motor.
  • Equations (10) to (14) represent an electric dynamic motor model for a permanent magnet motor.
  • equation (15) and at least one of equations (16) and (17) are advantageously used.
  • Claim 4 defines, by way of example, how mathematical links are made to determine whether an error exists or not.
  • the basic idea of this specific method is, on the one hand with the aid of the engine model, to determine the engine torque resulting from the electrical variables on the motor shaft and the rotational speed. Equations (16) and (17) are used to determine a relationship between the differential pressure and the delivery flow on the one hand and between the pump pressure torque and the delivery flow on the other hand.
  • a tolerance band by variance of at least one of the variables a h0 to a h2 , a t0 to a t2 , B and J in order to register an error only if this too is relevant to the operation.
  • two hydraulic variables are determined by measuring and the determined values are inserted into the equations according to claim 4, so that then four error variables r 1 to r 4 result. Based on the combination of these error variables, the type of error is then determined on the basis of predetermined limit value combinations. This too is done automatically by electronic data processing.
  • the two aforementioned hydraulic variables are determined by measuring and the determined values are compared with predetermined values to determine the type of error, in which case the predefined values define an area in three-dimensional space It is determined whether or not the determined quantities lie on these areas (r * 1 to r * 4 ) and, based on the combination of the values, the type of error is determined on the basis of predetermined limit value combinations.
  • the type of error can then be determined, for example, from the following table: Error type defect size r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , comparison area r 1 * r 2 * r 3 * r 4 * Increased friction due to mechanical defects 1 0 1 1
  • the surfaces formed in the three-dimensional space on the basis of predetermined values are typically space-curved surfaces whose values have previously been determined by the factory based on the respective unit or aggregate type and stored in the digital data memory on the aggregate side.
  • the aforementioned comparison surfaces r * 1 to r * 4 are arranged in a three-dimensional space, which at r * 1 from the torque, the flow and the speed, at r * 2 from the differential pressure, the flow rate and the speed, for r * 3 of the torque, the differential pressure and the speed and for r * 4 from the torque, the differential pressure and the flow rate are formed.
  • the variables defined in the table by the comparison surfaces r * 1 to r * 4 indicate the respective operating state, wherein the number 0 means that the respective value lies within the area defined by the predetermined values and 1 outside.
  • the error combination defined in the table due to increased friction due to mechanical defects can mean bearing damage or an otherwise caused increased frictional resistance between the rotating parts and the stationary parts of the aggregate.
  • the under the generic term reduced promotion / missing differential pressure marked error combination can be, for example, by error or wear on the pump impeller or an obstacle in the pump Einoder Exhaust caused.
  • defect in the intake / missing flow error combination can be caused for example by defect of the ring seal at the suction of the pump.
  • the operating states designated in the table by the variables R 1 to R 4 are based on mathematical calculations of fault parameters r 1 to r 4 according to the equations (19) to (22), wherein the corresponding error amount becomes zero when a correct operation is present and the value 1 in case of error.
  • the table is to be understood in terms of the type of error in a similar manner as described above.
  • each of the error quantities r 1 to r 4 represents a distance to the corresponding areas r * 1 to r * 4 .
  • the error quantities do not necessarily correspond to the areas r * 1 to r * 4 .
  • the error quantities r 1 to r 4 correspond to the equations (19) to (22) and correspond to the areas r * 1 to r * 4 in the FIGS. 4 to 9 ,
  • the pump unit when a fault is detected, the pump unit is actuated with a different speed, in order then to be able to define the detected error more precisely on the basis of the resulting measuring results.
  • a sensor for detecting the voltage applied to the motor supply voltage and the supply current and for detecting the differential pressure applied by the pump and the flow rate.
  • an evaluation device to be provided which in the form of digital data processing, for. B. a microprocessor may be formed, in which the inventive method is implemented by software.
  • an electronic memory is also to be provided. In modern frequency converter controlled pump units all the aforementioned hardware requirements are already in place, so that is only to ensure sufficient dimensioning of the electronic data processing system, in particular the storage means and the evaluation device.
  • All components are preferably an integral part of the motor and / or pump electronics, so that constructively so far no further precautions are necessary to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • Another embodiment may be a separate module provided in a panel or control panel, in the same way as a motor protection switch, but with the monitoring and diagnostic features as described above.
  • centrifugal pumps as can be seen from the mechanical-hydraulic pump model.
  • Such pumps may be, for example, industrial pumps, submersible pumps for sewage or water supply and heating circulation pumps.
  • Particularly advantageous is a diagnostic system according to the invention in canned pumps, since through early fault detection, the looping through of the can and thus outlet of the pumped liquid, eg. B. in the living area, preventively prevented.
  • the mechanical-hydraulic pump model In the application of the invention in Verdrängerpumpen Scheme the mechanical-hydraulic pump model must be adjusted according to the different physical relationships. The same applies to the use of other engine types for the electric motor model.
  • means are provided for generating and transmitting at least one error message to a display element arranged on the pump unit or elsewhere, whether in the form of one or more indicator lights or a display with an alphanumeric display.
  • the transmission can be wireless, for example via infrared or radio but also wired, preferably in digital form.
  • FIG. 1 A simplified method, which does not belong to the invention is based on Fig. 1 shown.
  • the variable electrical power-determining variables flow, here the voltage V abc and the current i abc -
  • the product of these quantities defines the electrical power absorbed by the engine.
  • the torque T e on the shaft of the motor and the rotational speed ⁇ derivable from the engine as they result arithmetically on the basis of the engine model.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour la détermination d'erreurs dans le fonctionnement d'un groupe moto-pompe, selon lequel au moins deux grandeurs électriques du moteur, fixant la puissance électrique du moteur, et au moins une grandeur hydraulique variable de la pompe ainsi qu'au moins une grandeur hydraulique supplémentaire fixant la puissance de la pompe sont détectées et, d'une part, les deux grandeurs électriques du moteur, fixant la puissance électrique du moteur, sont combinées mathématiquement, en vue de l'obtention d'au moins une valeur de comparaison et, d'autre part, la au moins une grandeur hydraulique variable de la pompe ainsi que la au moins une grandeur hydraulique supplémentaire, fixant la puissance de la pompe, sont combinées mathématiquement en vue de l'obtention d'au moins une valeur de comparaison, étant précisé que pour la combinaison mathématique, on emploie un modèle mathématique de moteur électrique (1) en liaison avec un modèle mathématique de pompe mécanique-hydraulique (3) et qu'à partir des résultats des combinaisons mathématiques, il est déterminé, par comparaison avec des valeurs pré-établies, si une erreur est présente ou non, la tension d'entrée Vabc et le courant moteur iabc étant utilisés comme valeurs d'entrée pour le modèle de moteur (1) pour déterminer le couple Te agissant sur l'arbre moteur, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre ω est déterminée à partir du modèle de moteur et ces valeurs dérivées du modèle de moteur (1) ainsi que les grandeurs déterminées par capteurs de la hauteur de refoulement H (pression différentielle) ainsi que du débit de refoulement Q sont combinées mathématiquement dans le modèle de pompe mécanique-hydraulique (3).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque la présence d'une erreur est déterminée, il est encore déterminé de quelle erreur il s'agit.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le modèle de moteur électrique (1) est formé par les équations suivantes : s i sd t = - s i sd + L m L r r ψ rd + z p ω ψ rq + v sd
    Figure imgb0067
    s i sq t = - s i sq + L m L r r ψ rq - z p ω ψ rd + v sq
    Figure imgb0068
    ψ rd t = - r ψ rd - z p ω ψ rq + r L m i sd
    Figure imgb0069
    ψ rq t = - r ψ rq + z p ω ψ rd + r L m i sq
    Figure imgb0070
    T e = z p 3 2 L m L r ψ rd i sq - ψ rq i sd
    Figure imgb0071

    OU V s = Z s s I s
    Figure imgb0072
    ω = ω s - s ω s
    Figure imgb0073
    I r = V s Z r s
    Figure imgb0074
    T e = 3 R r I r 2 s
    Figure imgb0075
    OU L s i sd t = - R s i sd + z p ω L s ψ rq + v sd
    Figure imgb0076
    L s i sq t = - R s i sq - z p ω L s ψ rd + v sq
    Figure imgb0077
    ψ rd t = - z p ω ψ rq
    Figure imgb0078
    ψ rq t = z p ω ψ rd
    Figure imgb0079
    T e = z p 3 2 ψ rd i sq - ψ rq i sd
    Figure imgb0080

    dans lesquelles
    isd est le courant du moteur dans la direction d
    isq est le courant du moteur dans la direction q
    ψrd est le flux magnétique du rotor dans la direction d
    ψrq est le flux magnétique du rotor dans la direction q
    Te est le couple du moteur
    Vsd est la tension d'alimentation du moteur dans la direction d
    Vsq est la tension d'alimentation du moteur dans la direction q
    ω est la vitesse angulaire du rotor et de la roue à aubes
    R's est la résistance équivalente de l'enroulement du stator
    R'r est la résistance équivalente de l'enroulement du rotor
    Lm est la résistance de couplage inductive entre l'enroulement du stator et l'enroulement du rotor
    L's est la résistance équivalente inductive de l'enroulement du stator
    Lr est la résistance inductive de l'enroulement du rotor
    Zp est le nombre de paires de pôles
    Is est le courant de phase
    Vs est la tension de phase
    ωs est la fréquence de la tension d'alimentation
    ω est la vitesse de rotation réelle du rotor et de la roue à aubes
    s est le glissement du moteur
    Zs(s) est l'impédance du stator
    Zr(s) est l'impédance du rotor
    Rr est la résistance équivalente de l'enroulement du rotor
    Rs est la résistance équivalente de l'enroulement du stator
    Ls est la résistance inductive de l'enroulement du stator,
    d et q étant deux directions perpendiculaires l'une à l'autre perpendiculairement à l'arbre du moteur,
    et en ce que le modèle de pompe/moteur mécanique-hydraulique est formé par une équation J ω t = T e - - T P
    Figure imgb0081

    et au moins l'une des équations H p = - a h 2 Q 2 + a h 1 + a h 0 ω 2
    Figure imgb0082
    T p = - a t 2 Q 2 + a t 1 + a t 0 ω 2
    Figure imgb0083

    dans lesquelles
    ω t
    Figure imgb0084
    est la dérivée dans le temps de la vitesse angulaire du rotor
    Tp est le couple de rotation de la pompe
    J est le moment d'inertie du rotor, de la roue à aubes et du liquide transporté pris dans la route à aubes
    B est la constante de frottement
    Q est le débit de refoulement de la pompe
    Hp est la pression différentielle engendrée par la pompe
    a h2, a h1,a h0 sont les paramètres qui dépeignent la relation entre la vitesse de rotation de la roue à aubes, le débit de refoulement et la pression différentielle, et
    a t2,a t1,a t0 sont les paramètres qui dépeignent la relation entre la vitesse de rotation de la roue à aubes, le débit de refoulement et le moment d'inertie.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans les équations (16) et (17), les grandeurs ah0- ah2 et at0-at2 sont établies, ainsi que dans l'équation (15) les grandeurs B et J, en ce qu'à partir du modèle de moteur électrique (1) conforme aux équations (1) - (5) ou (6) - (9) ou (10) - (14), un couple de moteur (Te) est déterminé et la vitesse de rotation est calculée d'après les équations (1) - (5) ou (6) - (9) ou (10) - (14), après quoi, à l'aide des équations (16) et (17), une relation entre la pression différentielle et le débit de refoulement, d'une part, et entre le couple de pompe et le débit de refoulement d'autre part, est déterminée.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une bande de tolérance est établie par variance d'au moins l'une des grandeurs ah0- ah2 et at0-at2 et B et J.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs déterminées sont portées dans les équations selon la revendication 4, de telle manière que plusieurs grandeurs d'erreur (r1 - r4) en résultent, étant précisé qu'à partir de la combinaison des grandeurs d'erreur la nature de l'erreur est déterminée sur la base de combinaisons de valeurs limites pré-établies.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs déterminées ou des valeurs dérivées de celles-ci sont comparées à des valeurs pré-établies, les valeurs pré-établies définissant chacune une surface, étant précisé qu'il est déterminé si les grandeurs déterminées ou les grandeurs dérivées de celles-ci sont situées ou non sur l'une de ces surfaces (r*1 - r*4), et que sur la base de la combinaison des grandeurs d'erreur, la nature de l'erreur est déterminée à partir de combinaisons pré-établies de valeurs limites.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la détermination de la nature de l'erreur s'effectue à partir du tableau suivant : Nature de l'erreur Grandeur d'erreur r1, r2, r3, r4, Surface de comparaison r1* r2* r3* r4* Frottement accru dû à des défauts mécaniques 1 0 1 1 Refoulement réduit/ pression différentielle insuffisante 0 1 1 1 Défaut dans la zone d'aspiration/ débit de refoulement insuffisant 1 1 0 1 Arrêt du refoulement 1 1 1 1
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, lors de la détermination d'une erreur, le groupe moto-pompe est excité dans le sens d'une vitesse de rotation modifiée, pour à partir des résultats de mesure ou se présentant alors, spécifier avec plus de précision l'erreur déterminée.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les grandeurs r1 - r4 sont définies par les équations : { J ω ^ 1 t = - B ω ^ 1 - - a t 2 Q 2 + a t 1 + a t 0 ω 2 + T e + k e ω - ω ^ 1 r 1 = q 1 ω - ω ^ 1
    Figure imgb0085
    { r 2 = q 2 - a h 2 Q 2 + a h 1 ωQ + a h 0 ω 2 - H p
    Figure imgb0086
    { = a h 1 ω + a h 1 2 ω 2 - 4 a h 2 H p + a h 0 ω 2 2 a h 2 J ω ^ 3 t = - B ω ^ 3 - - a t 2 2 + a t 1 Qʹω + a t 0 ω 2 + T e + k 3 ω - ω ^ 3 r 3 = q 3 ω - ω ^ 3
    Figure imgb0087
    { ωʹ = - a h 1 H p + a h 1 2 H p 2 - 4 a h 2 H p + a h 0 Q 2 2 a h 2 J ω ^ 4 t = - B ω ^ 4 - - a t 2 Q 2 + a t 1 Qωʹ + a t 0 ωʹ 2 + T e + k 4 ωʹ - ω ^ 4 r 4 = q 4 ωʹ - ω ^ 4
    Figure imgb0088

    dans lesquelles
    k1 , k2 , k3 sont des constantes,
    q1, q2, q3, q4 sont des constantes,
    Q' est le débit de refoulement calculé sur la base de la vitesse de rotation instantanée et de la pression différentielle mesurée,
    ω̂ 1 est la vitesse de rotation calculée du rotor sur la base des équations mécaniques-hydrauliques (15) et (17),
    ω̂3 est la vitesse de rotation calculée du rotor sur la base des équations (15), (16) et (17),
    ω̂4 est la vitesse de rotation calculée du rotor sur la base des équations (15), (16) et (17),
    ω' est la vitesse de rotation calculée du rotor sur la base de la pression différentielle et du débit de refoulement mesuré,
    r1 - r4 sont des grandeurs d'erreur, et
    r1*- r4* sont des surfaces définies par trois variables, qui représentent un fonctionnement exempt d'erreurs de la pompe.
EP04002979.5A 2004-02-11 2004-02-11 Procédé de détection des erreurs de fonctionnement d'une unité de pompage Expired - Lifetime EP1564411B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04002979.5A EP1564411B2 (fr) 2004-02-11 2004-02-11 Procédé de détection des erreurs de fonctionnement d'une unité de pompage
AT04002979T ATE389807T1 (de) 2004-02-11 2004-02-11 Verfahren zur ermittlung von fehlern beim betrieb eines pumpenaggregates
DE502004006565T DE502004006565D1 (de) 2004-02-11 2004-02-11 Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Fehlern beim Betrieb eines Pumpenaggregates
PCT/EP2005/001193 WO2005078287A1 (fr) 2004-02-11 2005-02-05 Procede de determination d'anomalies lors du fonctionnement d'un groupe de pompage
US10/597,892 US8070457B2 (en) 2004-02-11 2005-02-05 Method for determining faults during the operation of a pump unit
CN200580008075.3A CN1938520B (zh) 2004-02-11 2005-02-05 用于确定泵单元运行时的故障的方法
US13/284,049 US8353676B2 (en) 2004-02-11 2011-10-28 Method for determining faults during the operation of a pump unit

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EP04002979.5A EP1564411B2 (fr) 2004-02-11 2004-02-11 Procédé de détection des erreurs de fonctionnement d'une unité de pompage

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EP1564411A1 EP1564411A1 (fr) 2005-08-17
EP1564411B1 EP1564411B1 (fr) 2008-03-19
EP1564411B2 true EP1564411B2 (fr) 2015-08-05

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US (2) US8070457B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1564411B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1938520B (fr)
AT (1) ATE389807T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004006565D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005078287A1 (fr)

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US20080240931A1 (en) 2008-10-02
US8353676B2 (en) 2013-01-15
US20120101788A1 (en) 2012-04-26
DE502004006565D1 (de) 2008-04-30
EP1564411A1 (fr) 2005-08-17
ATE389807T1 (de) 2008-04-15
EP1564411B1 (fr) 2008-03-19
US8070457B2 (en) 2011-12-06
WO2005078287A1 (fr) 2005-08-25
CN1938520B (zh) 2011-07-20

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