EP1559844A1 - Insulating element and composite thermal compound system - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermal insulation panel (1), of mineral fibers (2) and a bonding agent and especially mineral and/or glass wool, has projecting ribs (10) on at least one main axis direction at the large surfaces (3,4), on the contact zones (5,6) between the insulation and the outer surfaces. The ribs are at equal intervals, with a semi-circular cross section. The core zone (9) is composed of compressed loops (11) of a primary nonwoven felt, with their deflections bonded together in at least one contact zone. The bonding agent is a mixture of phenol, formaldehyde and urea resins.

Description

The invention relates to an insulating element bonded from a binder Mineral fibers, in particular of mineral wool and / or glass wool, with two large surfaces, spaced and parallel are arranged to each other and with four side faces, the right angles aligned with each other and to the large surfaces, wherein the Mineral fibers in the region of at least one contact zone, which are immediately connects to a large surface, substantially parallel to the large Surface are aligned running and being between the big ones Surfaces, adjacent to the contact zone a Kembereich arranged in which mineral fibers are substantially rectangular and / or are arranged running obliquely to the large surfaces. Farther The invention relates to a thermal insulation composite system with at least one Insulating element made of mineral fibers bound with a binder, in particular of mineral wool and / or glass wool, which two large Has surfaces spaced and parallel to each other are arranged and which has four side surfaces, the right angles aligned with each other and to the large surfaces, wherein the Mineral fibers of the insulating element in the region of at least one contact zone, which immediately adjoins a large surface, essentially aligned parallel to the large surface and wherein between the large surfaces, adjacent to the contact zone a core region is arranged in which mineral fibers substantially arranged at right angles and / or obliquely to the large surfaces extending are.

Insulating materials from glassy solidified mineral fibers are after the chemical Composition commercially available in glass wool and rock wool insulation materials distinguished. Both varieties differ by the chemical composition of mineral fibers. The glass wool fibers are made from silicate melts containing large amounts of alkalis and Boroxiden, which act as a flux. These melts have a wide processing range and can be solved with the help of rotating bowls, whose walls have holes, too relative remove smooth and long mineral fibers, mostly with mixtures from thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde and urea resins be at least partially tied. The proportion of these binders in the Glass wool insulating materials is for example about 5 to about 10 mass% and is also bounded above by the fact that the character of a non-combustible insulating material should be preserved. The bond can also with thermoplastic binders such as polyacrylates. The pulp Other substances, such as oils in quantities below approx. 0.4% by weight for hydrophobing and dust binding added. The be impregnated with binders and other additives impregnated mineral fibers collected as fiber web on a slow-moving conveyor. In most cases, the mineral fibers of several shredding devices stored in succession on this conveyor. Here are the Mineral fibers oriented largely directionless in one plane. They store but very flat on top of each other. By slight vertical pressure The fiber web is adjusted to the desired thickness and through the conveying speed the conveyor simultaneously to the required density compacted and the binders in a hardening furnace by means of hot air hardened so that the structure of the fibrous web is fixed.

In the production of rockwool insulation impregnated Mineralfasem as thin as possible and lightweight mineral fiber fleece, a so-called Primary fleece picked up and out at high speed led away the area of the fiberization device to required Keep coolant low, otherwise in the course of further manufacturing process with further energy expenditure back to the fiber web would be removed. From the primary fleece an endless fiber web is built, which has a uniform distribution of mineral fibers.

The primary fleece consists of relatively coarse fiber flakes, in their core areas also higher binder concentrations are present while in the border areas weaker or not tied mineral fibers prevalence. The mineral fibers are in the fiber flakes approximately in the transport direction aligned. Rock wool insulation materials have contents of binders from about 2 to about 4.5 mass%. At this small amount of Binders is also only part of the mineral fibers in contact with the binders. The binders used are predominantly mixtures of phenol, formaldehyde and urea resins used. Part of the resins will too already substituted by polysaccharides. Inorganic binders are used As with the glass wool insulation materials only for special applications used the insulating materials, since these are much brittle than the largely elastically to plastically reacting organic binder, what the desired character of the insulating materials made of mineral fibers as elastic-fedemde Building materials. As an additive are mostly high-boiling mineral oils in proportions of 0.2% by mass, in exceptional cases also about 0.4 mass% used.

Usually, the primary nonwovens are suspended by means of a pendulum Conveyor placed across another conveyor, making one of a variety of obliquely superimposed Single layers existing endless fiber web allows. By a horizontally directed in the conveying direction and a simultaneous vertical Compression, the fiber web can be unfolded more or less intense. The axes of the main folds are aligned horizontally and run thus transversely to the conveying direction.

The forces acting on the fiber web cause binder-rich core zones to be compacted and unfolded into narrow lamellae, resulting in main folds with folds in flanks. At the same time, the less bound or binder-free mineral fibers in the interstices of the folds and between the lamellae are slightly rolled and slightly compressed. The fine structure thus consists of relatively stiff slats, which have a certain flexibility due to their numerous folds, but are relatively stiff parallel to the folding axes and form spaces which are easily compressible. As a result of the build-ups and dislocations, the compressive strength and the transverse tensile strength of the fibrous web clearly increase in comparison with a normal, in particular extremely flat, arrangement of the mineral fibers. The flexural strength of the fibrous web or of the sections separated from it in the form of plates or Dämmfilzen is therefore significantly higher in the transverse direction than in the production direction. In roof insulation panels with gross densities of about 130 to 150 kg / m ³ , the bending strength in the transverse direction is on the order of three to four times as high as the bending strength in the direction of production.

A method for producing insulating elements with a blade, Lamellar plates or lamellae characteristic orientation The mineral fibers are known from EP 0 741 827 B1. In this Method is a thin primary nonwoven by a moving up and down Conveyor unfolded and endless and looped on a second conveyor launched. This creates individual layers, which are pressed together in a horizontal direction and depending on which are compressed differently depending on the desired density. For this purpose, the primary fleece between two pressure-resistant bands led, which initially limit only the height of the primary web. Already As a result, the mineral fibers are deflected in the arc Lines of primary web aligned parallel to boundary surfaces.

To obtain largely even surfaces, the primary nonwoven can also be actively compressed in the vertical direction.

This alignment of the mineral fibers in the primary nonwoven can be done in a separate Device done, but is useful in conjunction with a curing oven performed. In the hardening furnace, the one produced from the primary nonwoven is used endless fibrous web between two Druckbändem, of which at least one is movable in vertical direction, with hot air in vertical Flowed through.

With the help of the heat energy transferred by the hot air, the fiber web becomes heated with the binding and / or impregnating agents contained therein, so that moisture present in the fibrous web is expelled and harden the binders in which they are bonding films or Form solid. After fixing the fiber web by solidification The binder shows in longitudinal section a structure in which the Mineralfasem in the core of the primary nonwoven predominantly perpendicular to the large ones Surfaces of the endless fiber web are oriented.

In the near-surface areas, the mineral fibers are parallel to the aligned to large surfaces. Because of the relatively high rigidity of the Core of the primary nonwoven mineral fibers can be at correspondingly large vertical pressures also mushroom-shaped and / or downwards between the zones perpendicular to the large surfaces Be pressed mineral fibers. Between the arched deflected Webs of the primary web generally remain small gussets that are considered to be different wide and differently deep transverse furrows in the two large Surfaces of the endless fibrous web occur.

In horizontal section, the higher density zones differ with the mineral fibers running at right angles to the large surfaces clearly from the intermediate zones with a flat arrangement of mineral fibers. In cross-section, the structure is less uniform than in insulation boards, which are used for the production of lamellae. Such is for example the bending tensile strength due to the inhomogeneity of the structure lower at comparable density.

Reduce the shallow mineral fibers in the near-surface zones clearly the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the large surfaces.

From EP 0 741 827 B1 is also the production of laminated Dämmfilzen known in which the endless loop-shaped unfolded fiber web on both large surfaces with carrier layers of aluminum foil be glued and then the fiber web centered and parallel to their large surfaces is cut open, so that ultimately two equal thick and laminated fiber webs arise, which are then rolled up become. When manufactured in this way, referred to as Dämmfilze Fiber webs is only a partial bond with the carrier layer possible. This partial bonding and the low transverse tensile strength of Mineral fibers lead to a low strength composite, its connection compared to a slat plate or a slat mat from slats is much less solid. This difference but plays in a continuously bonded fiber web in particular at Peeling off the carrier layers at the two ends does not play a significant role. However, the outer, non-laminated compressible zones lead to bumps.

Here in question insulating elements can in thermal insulation systems be used. A thermal insulation composite system called, consists of particular plate-shaped insulating elements, glued on a building surface to be insulated and / or with Help of Dämmstoffhaltem be fastened. On the on the building surface attached insulating elements becomes a mostly two-ply plaster layer applied, wherein the first layer of the plaster layer usually with the help reinforced by fiberglass meshes.

These systems are exterior to building surfaces, such as exterior walls, ceilings over passages, open garages, cellar ceilings, but also on heated Partitions or ceilings delimiting unheated building parts applied.

In addition to systems with insulating elements made of mineral fibers are also systems with insulation elements made of rigid foam panels, in particular made of expanded polystyrene, for example, to reduce the thermal conductivity also of micrographite doped polystyrene, of phenolic foam, or extruded polystyrene. Of importance to the However, the invention is exclusively such systems with insulating elements made of non-combustible mineral wool insulation boards or a combination from both fundamentally different materials. They are Embodiments of systems known in which insulation boards Mineral fibers arranged in the area of falls and / or soffits while the other building areas are flammable but through the wall and plaster layers protected polystyrene insulation elements are heat and soundproofed.

Legal regulations and a required saving of primary energies have led to the fact that the thicknesses of the insulating layers of a official minimum thickness of 40 mm up to approx. 240 mm for passive houses has risen. As usual insulation thicknesses in new construction area are about 100 to about 140 mm to look at, while renovation work in the existing building the insulation thicknesses usually only approx. 60 to approx. 80 mm.

The above-described insulating elements made of mineral fibers have been particularly suitable for use in these systems. These insulating elements are made of a dissolved in water Binders and other additives, such as Hydrophobierund / or Dust binders impregnated, continuously on a conveyor discarded mineral fiber web produced. Usual binders are aqueous mixtures of phenol-formaldehyde-urea resins, the Catalysts for accelerating the curing and adhesion-promoting Dancing, such as containing silanes.

The endless mineral fiber web is combined by a horizontal one Compression in the conveying direction and a vertical compression intensively folded, so that in the range of large surfaces of the mineral fiber lathing axes arise.

In the production of the mineral fiber web are formed in particular by the nature of the introduction of mineral fiber agglomerations in the form of thin lamellar areas, which have a firmer bond in itself and as such, opposite the adjacent lamellar areas the mineral fiber web are movable, the connection between the individual lamellar areas is significantly lower than the inner cohesion of the lamellar areas. The lamellar ones Areas are largely flat to the large surfaces the mineral fiber web.

The framing axes are mostly parallel to the large surfaces the mineral fiber web. The intensively folded and impregnated mineral fiber web is between an upper and a lower, each pressure-resistant and at the same time promoted air-permeable conveyor belt of a curing oven. Both conveyors consist mostly of stable, connected via tension members Körpem, the perforations in a characteristic arrangement on the form large surfaces. The deformable mineral fiber web is in the Hardening furnace fixed in the desired delivery thickness, the flexible Mineralfasem be moved in near-surface areas such that the mineral fibers in the near-surface areas parallel to the Förderbändem lie. Another part of the thus redistributed mineral fibers is pressed into the holes of the pressure-resistant conveyor belts, the mineral fibers but remain in parallel storage to the correspondingly shaped Surfaces.

In the curing oven, the residual moisture of the mineral fiber web is expelled and the binder heated and cured by hot air in right-angled direction through the endless mineral fiber web is sucked. After curing of the binder, the structure is now considered endless Insulating membrane fixed to be designated mineral fiber web. By the Hot air can be shipped to monomers of the binders which are in the near-surface areas and in the holes in the conveyor belts in the Hardening furnace pressed Mineralfasem to slightly increased binder levels to lead. In the longitudinal section of the mineral fiber web are thus a core area adjoining near-surface areas, so-called contact zones to distinguish.

The endless insulating membrane is after leaving the curing oven with Help of saws in insulation boards, for example, with a length of Split 800 mm and a width of 625 mm. Preferably, the Longitudinal axis of the insulation boards across the compression, thus also transversely oriented to the production direction of the mineral fiber web.

The insulation boards which can be used as plaster base plates are produced with densities of about 140 to about 180 kg / m ³ . The proportions of the mixtures of phenol, urea and formaldehyde resins usually used as binders are from about 4 to about 7% by weight. Higher contents of organic binders are avoided because of the possible loss of incombustibility and also for cost reasons.

Mainly as a result of the flat storage of mineral fibers in both horizontal main axes of the mineral fiber web have been produced from this Insulation panels transverse tensile strengths perpendicular to the large surfaces from about 15 to about 35 kPa. The tensile strength of the mineral fiber web transverse to the folding and production direction is usually 3 to 5 times higher than the transverse tensile strength specified above.

In order to reduce the thermal conductivity of such insulation boards, for example, to a design value of 0.035 W / m K, in particular horizontally less compressed insulation boards are produced with a density of about 100 kg / m ³ , which have a transverse tensile strength of slightly more than 5 kPa.

The different transverse tensile strength of the insulation boards is added used, the folded endless insulation sheet in production and corresponding slice the horizontal compression direction. Around however, the subsequent processing steps are independent of the powerful ones To be able to carry out production plants becomes the endless one Insulating material usually divided into large-sized insulation boards. Although this procedure allows the production to relatively inexpensive But increases the variable manufacturing costs considerably.

In these discs are the individual, albeit in the direction of the longitudinal axis lamellar umfalteten mineral fibers predominantly at right angles or in very steep storage to the large surfaces, here So the cut surfaces arranged. The discs are usually by Max. 200 mm thick insulation boards separated, in the known Hardening furnaces can be cured.

In addition to the mineral fiber insulation boards described above so-called mineral fiber finned plates with densities of about 85 to about 90 kg / m ³ and transverse tensile strengths of> 100 kPa and compressive strengths of about 70 kPa at 10% compression known. These mineral fiber lamellar plates must be classified in the heat conductivity group 045 according to DIN 4108. For mineral fiber lamella plates with lower heat conductivities, eg WLG 040, at least the bulk densities are lowered to 70 to 80 kg / m ³ . This results in a reduction of the transverse tensile strength to about 80 kPa and the compressive stress strength to about 40 kPa. Due to the orientation of the individual mineral fibers is thus a reduction of the use of materials for the production of insulating elements possible.

The mineral fiber lamellar plates are cut with a cut to the insulating building surface glued on. The mineral fiber web and thus also the finished insulation web or the insulating panels made therefrom or mineral fiber lamella plates are hydrophobic and designed go even with surface-active substances having an adhesive only insufficient connection, so that the safe assembly of the Insulation boards is cumbersome and expensive. These problems will be solved by adhesion-promoting layers at least partially, at least fully or partially applied to serving as the adhesive surface cutting surface become. In the same way are those with a cleaning system too In particular, coating large surfaces of the insulation elements pretreated by the manufacturer.

From EP 277 500 B1 a method for producing an insulating board made of mineral fibers with two layers is known. The prior art insulation board has a bulk density between about 75 and about 100 kg / m ³ and a 10 to 20 mm thick top layer, which is compressed to about 160 kg / m ³ , the mineral fibers predominantly flat to the large surface are arranged. Since the compression of the cover layer takes place independently of the actual insulation board, a contact zone is formed on the surface of the cover layer facing the insulation board. The bulk density of such a composite panel can be lowered in an advantageous manner with increasing thickness of about 100 kg / m ³ to about 85 kg / m ³ . The transverse tensile strength of this composite plate reaches a magnitude of about 5 kPa, while the compressive stress strength is about 10 kPa. If higher strength values are to be achieved, it is necessary to raise the bulk density of the cover layer to about 180 kg / m ³ and the actual insulation board to about 125 - about 135 kg / m ³ . This results in a higher compressive stress strength of about 40 kPa and a higher transverse tensile strength of <about 15 kPa.

The relatively stiff cover layer increases the shear resistance of the insulation board, so that the orientation of the insulation board relative to the original Situation in the endless insulation web recedes.

The strength properties reduce mineral fiber insulation elements over time and especially under the influence of Humidity. To counteract this loss of strength on the minimum strength values determined from stability calculations Surcharges for possible strength losses of up to 50% are required.

Mineral fiber lamella plates have the highest transverse tensile strength and can therefore up to building heights of about 20 m alone by the bonding of one of the cut surfaces with the building surface to be insulated be insulated. Between a layer of glue and the one to be insulated Building surfaces are required tensile strength of up to 80 kPa. For bonding are plastic-containing mortar, the following are known as adhesive mortar, or conventional plasters used in The practice are approximately identical. It is usually around plastic-containing and hydraulically setting substances that are either full-surface on the insulation board, in particular the mineral fiber lamella plate applied and then combed with a toothed spatula or in the form of thin, perpendicular to the longitudinal axes extending Glue beads with the help of a carrier and corresponding accessories is applied to the wall.

In the insulation of mineral fibers, the adhesive is the one peripherally circumferential as a bead and the other center as at least one, preferably several batches on the surface to be bonded Insulation board applied, the proportion of trained with the adhesive Surface should be at least> 40%. The glue is used here as Leveling compound for the unevenness of the building surface to be insulated and the surface of the insulation board, as the edges of the insulation board stiffening and together with those in the central area of the surface the insulation board arranged batzen as a spacer.

The adhesive tensile strength of the adhesive goes to the general building inspectorate Approvals of the Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik are not included in the calculations the stability of corresponding systems. nevertheless is the opposite of the building surface to be insulated at least positive Adhesive layer as a safeguard against slipping of the insulation boards considered.

In a large number of buildings, the insulation panels must be made of mineral fibers mechanically with so-called Dämmstoffhaltern to be insulated Building surface to be fixed. These insulation holders will be commercially also known as screw or expansion dowel.

Insulation holder consist of a metal screw and a plastic body, usually a round, perforated in its surface and disc-shaped having trained head. Alternatively, a ring with radially after be provided inside extending webs and a central shaft, wherein the outer ring has a high resistance of the head against draft in the insulation plate causes.

The length of the hollow shank is based on the thickness of the insulating layer and in particular the insulation panels tuned and ends in Shape of an expansion anchor. By the shaft is in the most common embodiment a metal pin out, the one at one end, for example Hexagonal shaped screw head and at the opposite end having a helical thread. To set the insulation holder The plastic body is hammered into a previously created hole and the metal pin screwed into the shaft until the plate firmly rests on the surface of the insulation board.

The number of required insulation holders depends on the height the building surface to be insulated and the size of the different ones Insulation boards.

The adhesion of the plaster is primarily dependent on the Querzug- and Shear strength of the surface or the near-surface zones of Insulation board made of mineral fibers. The thicknesses of the insulation boards from mineral fibers applied plaster have become increasingly Use of synthetic resin plaster reduced systematically. They are two-layered Plaster systems with a concealed plaster of approx. 2 mm thickness and one Surface plaster of about 0.5 to about 1.5 mm thickness known. This trend Mineral plasters have also been followed by higher additions of plastics, so that their total thicknesses in the minimum amount to about 4 to about 7 mm.

To produce a flat surface with these thin plaster layers To be able to, the insulation holder must if possible in the insulating layer be pressed. Nevertheless, the cover is the insulation holder often not enough. Furthermore, these have thin layers of plaster only a small heat storage capacity, so it under certain Weather conditions regularly underrun the Surface temperatures of the plaster layer with respect to the ambient temperature comes from which condensation can result. These favor the formation of biogenic films, such as the growth of algae the surfaces of the system, with the areas of the plaster above the Insulation holder on the one hand because of the thermal bridge effect of the metallic Screws and / or on the other hand due to the faster drying remain free.

Since dust also settles on damp areas, remain drier places above the Dämmstoffhalter already for this reason permanently visible. However, with strong algae growth, too these relatively small areas relatively quickly from the edges ago be colonized.

The drier areas remain visible even when the condensation on the Surface of the plaster freezes and extends in the area of drier areas makes no or less ice. The impact of driving rain on the water-repellent surfaces of the plaster can because of the different Absorption of moisture and because of the different drying rates, especially when cleaning with lower brightness values lead to marking the insulation holder.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide an insulating element and a composite thermal insulation in which the use of insulation holders in the area of higher building surfaces is not required, the insulation element should also be inexpensive to produce, so that even the thermal insulation system in economic Way to create.

To solve this problem is provided in an insulating element according to the invention that at least on the contact zone associated large surface in at least one major axis direction extending aligned bead-like projections are arranged at regular intervals to each other, which have a substantially circular arc section-shaped cross-section. In a thermal insulation composite system according to the invention is provided to solve the task that the insulating element facing away from the contact zone arranged large surface () rests on a building surface to be insulated and connected to this via an adhesive and that the outer, the contact zone having a large surface Cover is formed.

The insulating element according to the invention makes the use of Dämmstoffhaltem for fixing coated insulating layers, for example in thermal insulation composite systems in conventional multi-storey buildings superfluous, since the insulating element of the invention essential has improved strength values and in particular inexpensive on already existing production facilities can be produced. In addition, it is the connection of the insulating element according to the invention with the Plaster and / or the adhesive significantly improved, so that here too Improvement of the stability of a with the inventive Achieved insulating elements trained thermal insulation composite system becomes. The projections according to the invention in this case improve the adhesion the adhesive on the hydrophobic insulating element, so far the projections are arranged on the large surface, in the installation position the insulating element facing a building surface. Becomes the insulating element with the projections having large surface oriented in installation position away from the building surface, have the tabs also the effect of the adhesion improvement with the plaster.

It is preferably provided that the mineral fibers in two contact zones in the area of both large surfaces parallel to the large surfaces are arranged running and that on both large surfaces bead-like projections are arranged. This embodiment of the invention Dämmelementes leads to an improvement in adhesion of the adhesive and the plaster on the insulating element.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the Core area arranged from a variety of meandering and preferably in the longitudinal direction of the core region compressed loops a primary web, wherein the loops of the primary web over Deflection areas are interconnected in at least one Contact zone are arranged. In addition to the improved tensile strength in Longitudinal direction of the insulating element is in this embodiment also an improvement in the compressive strength of the insulating element in Achieved direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces. The contact zones but offer by the alignment of Mineralfasem parallel to The large surfaces also have an advantageous elasticity, so that bumps be compensated in the area of a building surface to be insulated can.

For the use of the insulating element in a thermal insulation composite system It has also proven to be advantageous, the insulating element with a different transverse tensile strength in the area below form the two major surfaces. It is preferably provided that an area under a large surface has a transverse tensile strength of > 30kPa, preferably> 60kPa and an area under the opposite large surface has a transverse tensile strength> 5 kPa. The Insulating element meets in this embodiment, the requirement of Adhesive strength in installation position, the large surface area with the higher Transverse tensile strength of a building surface to be insulated is attributed to, since in this area larger forces, such as weight of the insulating element and the plaster as well as wind suction occur and in the building area be removed while facing the plaster facing large surface of the Insulating element only the weight of the plaster and the wind suction as forces in the thermal insulation composite system has to ablate, so that in this large surface a lower transverse tensile strength sufficient is. By this configuration, the production costs for the Insulating elements are significantly reduced.

According to the invention, it is provided according to a further feature that the Areas immediately adjacent to the large surfaces to the maximum To be able to provide transverse tensile strength.

It has proved to be advantageous to form the insulating element in such a way that the mineral fibers in the range with the transverse tensile strength of> 30 kPa almost exclusively at right angles to the large surface are aligned.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that at least a large surface formed with an adhesion-promoting coating is that arranged according to a further development on the large surface is to which the Mineralfasem have a right-angled course.

In addition to a full-surface arrangement of the adhesion-promoting coating It may be advantageous that the adhesion-promoting coating over part of the area is arranged on the large surface. This allows the production costs lowered in the course of a material saving and the processor at the same time the correct arrangement, for example, an adhesive the large surface of the insulating element are displayed.

As an adhesion-promoting coating, such has a plastic film with a high affinity for a construction adhesive, especially one Mortar and / or an adhesive mortar proved to be advantageous.

An above-described insulating element, for example be separated from an endless insulation web of mineral fibers. The endless insulating membrane with a core area and one or two Contact zones may be in relation to a longitudinal center plane be formed symmetrically or asymmetrically.

The insulating material is characterized essentially by the fact that the individual Mineralfasem over the cross section of the insulating material clearly are arranged differently from the two large surfaces. Both large surfaces have projections, which in the curing oven at the Forming fixation of the insulating material web. For this, the large surfaces compressed in part areas between the projections and during the curing of the binder kept compressed.

In both surfaces and the protrusions the mineral fibers have one Course, which is aligned substantially parallel to the large surfaces is. This pronounced laminar alignment of Mineralfasem too The large surfaces extend into the contact zones below the two major surfaces. Without sharp transitions close including vertical compression zones, in which the mineral fibers as a result a predominantly directed at right angles to the conveying direction of the insulating material web Compression flat to flat inclined to the large surfaces are aligned. With simultaneously aligned in the direction of compression form lamellar folded and mostly flat to the large surface lying portion of the insulation web.

In the core area of the insulation web, the individual mineral fibers are predominant oriented steeply to right angles to the large surfaces. The Transitions from the core area to the compression zones are characterized by an im substantial even change in the inclinations of the main part of mineral fibers. Basically, the insulating material web accordingly a juxtaposition of a variety of bow or loop-like Elements on which acting through at right angles to the conveying direction Forces are flattened, with some of the mineral fibers in the gusset between the bow or loop-like elements is pressed.

It forms gentle and the properties of glassy solidified mineral fibers fair transitions, which also affect the not abruptly changing transverse tensile strength of the individual, parallel to the have large surface-oriented layers in the insulating material web. By a different depth of removal of the outer contact zones can the transverse tensile strength of a non-positive Compound relevant to both large surfaces compared to the core area with the perpendicular to the large surfaces aligned Mineral fibers vary within wide limits and so on the respective Adjust the use case. Thus, also insulation boards with a distinctly different transverse tensile strength in the two large ones Surfaces are produced.

Thermal insulation composite system can be produced with these insulation elements where the insulating elements have a large surface area or underlying contact zone with transverse tensile strengths of> about 30 kPa, preferably> about 60 kPa, while the opposite large surface and the adjacent contact zone at least one Transverse tensile strength of> about 5 kPa achieved. The transverse tensile strength of a large surface is so high enough to the insulation board without additional anchors on a building surface to be insulated be stuck. The transverse tensile strength of the second, in the thermal insulation composite system on the other hand, it is sufficient to hold plasters, mortar, putties or paint coatings to be able to.

Consequently, it has proved to be advantageous in a system according to the invention proved that the building surface facing large surface area is designed as a cut surface to which the mineral fibers running at right angles are aligned. In this area can in simple and manufacturing technology cost-effective way high transverse tensile strength through the alignment of the Mineralfasem be achieved relative to the large surface.

An improvement in the connection between the adhesive and / or Plaster with the insulating element is achieved by the fact that the cut surface has an adhesion-promoting coating, preferably the entire surface is applied.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the cover is designed as a preferably reinforced cleaning system.

For the stability of the thermal insulation composite system, it is also of Advantage that the insulating element in the region of the contact zone to the Area of the cut surface has different transverse tensile strength. in this connection has a transverse tensile strength of> 30kPa, preferably in the cut surface > 60 kPa and in the contact zone a transverse tensile strength of> 5 kPa proved sufficient and advantageous.

A further improvement of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention This results from the fact that the cover with a fiberglass Gittergelege is reinforced.

Finally, it is provided according to a further feature of the invention, that several insulation boards in the dressing on the building surface to be insulated are arranged and fixed.

Figur 1

ein Dämmstoffelement im Längsschnitt;

Figur 2

einen Abschnitt eines Wärmedämmverbundsystems mit einem Dämmstoffelement im Längsschnitt;

Figur 3

eine Abschnitt einer Dämmstoffbahn zur Herstellung von zwei Dämmstoffelementen gemäß Figur 2;

Figur 4

die beiden Dämmstoffelemente gemäß Figur 3 im Längsschnitt und

Figur 5

einen Abschnitt einer Dämmstoffbahn in verschiedenen Bearbeitungsstufen im Längsschnitt.

Further feature and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of an insulating element and a thermal insulation composite system are shown. In the drawing show:

FIG. 1

an insulating element in longitudinal section;

FIG. 2

a section of a thermal insulation composite system with an insulating element in longitudinal section;

FIG. 3

a portion of an insulating material web for the production of two insulating elements according to Figure 2;

FIG. 4

the two insulating elements according to Figure 3 in longitudinal section and

FIG. 5

a section of an insulating material web in different processing stages in longitudinal section.

In Figure 1, an insulating element 1 is shown in longitudinal section. The Insulating element 1 consists of mineral fibers 2 bound with binders are.

Two large surfaces 3, 4 are spaced and parallel to each other intended. The large surfaces 3, 4 limit to the outside Contact zones 5, 6, in which the mineral fibers 2 are substantially parallel are aligned to the large surfaces 3, 4. To the contact zones 5, 6 close up compression zones 7, 8, which by a substantially even change in the inclinations of the main part of the Mineral fibers 2 are embossed. Finally, between the compression zones 7, 8 a Kembereich 9 arranged in which the Mineralfasem 2 predominantly steep to perpendicular to the large surfaces 3, 4 extending arranged are.

In the area of the two large surfaces 3, 4, the insulating element 1 bead-like projections 10, which at regular intervals to each other are arranged and a substantially semicircular Have cross-section. The projections 10 are perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the insulating element 1, therefore perpendicular to the production or conveying direction of the insulating element 1 in the manufacturing process aligned. In the projections 10, the mineral fibers 2 run parallel to the large surfaces 3, 4.

The insulating element 1 consists of a plurality of meandering arranged and in the longitudinal direction of the core portion 9 compressed loops 11 of a primary nonwoven. The loops 11 of the primary web are over Deflection areas interconnected in the area of compression zones 7, 8 and the contact zones 5, 6 are arranged or the compression zones 7, 8 form.

In the figures 3 and 4, the loops 11 can be seen, the figures 3 and 4 show sections of an insulating element 1, which still is not provided with projections 10. These projections 10 are in a not shown hardening furnace by on the large surfaces 3, 4 lying conveying elements formed, which the insulating element in a direction perpendicular to the large surfaces 3, 4 in partial areas compress and cure the binder contained keeps compressed.

Accordingly, Figures 3 and 4, the insulating element 1 before Pass of the curing oven.

In Figures 3 and 4, the compression zones 7, 8 can be seen in which the Mineral fibers 2 deviating from the right-angled orientation in the core area 9 are deflected so that the Mineralfasem 2 a flat inclined or parallel course to the large surfaces 3, 4 have.

In addition, in FIG. 3, a middle plane 12 is shown in phantom, along which the insulating element 1 parallel to the large surfaces 3, 4 separated into two insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 according to Figure 4 can be.

In principle, a separation of the insulating element 1 in the insulation elements 1.1 and 1.2 also off-center possible, such as this is indicated by an arrow 13 in Figure 3.

Furthermore, FIG. 3 schematically shows a cutting tool 14, which subregions the crush zones 7, 8 removed to smooth large surfaces 3, 4 train. The insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 have in addition a cut surface 15 an adhesion-promoting coating 16, for example made of a plastic film with a high affinity to one Construction adhesive, in particular a mortar and / or an adhesive mortar consists. The coating 16 is arranged over the full area on the cut surfaces 15, the course of the mineral fibers 2 in the region of the cut surfaces 15 is aligned at right angles to the cut surfaces 15.

The insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 according to Figure 4 are characterized from that the large surface 3 or 4 one compared to the cut surface 15 has lower transverse tensile strength of 10 kPa, while the transverse tensile strength the insulating element 1.1 or 1.2 in the region of the cut surface 15 is 65 kPa.

These insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 are in particular for use in a thermal insulation system 17 suitable, as in Figure 2 in a Section is shown. The thermal insulation composite system 17 is made from insulating elements 1.2 according to Figure 4, with a point or line applied to the coating 16 adhesive 18 at one insulating building surface 19, for example, a wall 20 attached are. The insulating element 1.2 is in this case with its cutting surface 15 for Building surface 19 aligned, so that the coating 16 with the Adhesive 18 communicates. In this area, the insulating element has 1.2 the above-described high transverse tensile strength, so that the forces occurring here, namely the weight of the insulating element 1.2 including a plaster arranged on the outside 21 and wind suction forces can be removed.

The plaster 21 is formed in two layers and has a ground plaster 22 and a cover plaster 23, which are formed in particular from a material, which approximately matches the material of the adhesive 18. In the Grundputz 22 is inserted a reinforcement 24 in the form of a mesh fabric, to increase the strength of the plaster 21.

The plaster 21 is on the large surface 4 of the insulating element 1.2 arranged in the region of the contact zone 6 and fills the areas between the projections 10 from. By the projections 10 is an improved Connection between the plaster 21 and the large surface 4 of the Insulating element 1.2 formed.

FIG. 5 shows an insulation web 25, which consists of loops 11 of a primary nonwoven is formed and is conveyed in the direction of an arrow 26. The big ones Surfaces 3, 4 with the upsetting zones 7, 8 and Contact zones 5, 6 are machined with cutting tools 14 which are parallel to the longitudinal extent and conveying direction according to arrow 26 of the insulating material web 25 are aligned.

In Figure 5 it can be seen that with the cutting tools 14 either a portion of the compression zones 7, 8 or the entire compression zones 7, 8 removed can be, so that the insulation web 25 different fiber gradients can have. In particular, from an insulating material 25th according to Figure 5, the insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 produced according to Figure 4 or the insulating sheet 25 can be a total exclusively perpendicular course of the mineral fibers 2 to the large surfaces 3, 4 have.

The insulating element 1.1 or 1.2 according to FIG. 4 is thus characterized by that the contact zone 5, 6 in the range of large surfaces up in the crushing zone 7, 8 has been removed and that the cut surface 15 to Achieving a high transverse tensile strength in the core region 9 of the insulating element 1 is formed according to FIG. The cut surface 15 is with a adhesion-promoting coating 16 covered over the entire surface, the Section 15 impregnated with an adhesion-promoting plastic film.

The outer large surface 3, 4 can be the same as the cut surface 15 adhesion-promoting coated or impregnated. Using Of relatively thick coatings 16, the contact zone 5, 6 in the original Form and location are left.

The insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 may be formed as insulating panels be and depending on the width of production facilities in many different dimensions are produced, so for example also on the geometries of the building surfaces to be insulated 19, for example, through window-structured facades, coordinated formats or blanks of the insulating elements 1.1 and 1.2 are produced can. Reduced when using large format insulation boards itself in a thermal insulation system 17, the number of joints between the insulation boards and thus their possible thermal bridge effect. Thus, the effectiveness of an insulating layer in the thermal insulation composite system 17 increased.

Opposite used in a known manner mineral fiber lamellar plates is the production of a thermal insulation system 17 with the insulating elements 1.1 or 1.2 significantly more economical. The same is true in Comparison to the use of known insulation boards made of mineral fibers, because the density of the insulating elements 1.1 or 1.2 in comparison to Dämmstoffplatten with a course of Mineralfasem parallel to the large surfaces can be reduced by at least 25% without that thereby the stability of the thermal insulation system 17 is impaired. Up to certain building heights can thereby also on additional mechanical fasteners, such as Anchoring in the form of insulation holders are waived, which in turn the manufacturing cost of the thermal insulation system 17 considerably reduced. By eliminating the insulation holder can Do not sign these under thin layers of plaster and thereby the Overall impression of the thermal insulation composite system 17 adversely affect.

Claims (19)

Insulating element made of binder-bound mineral fibers, in particular of mineral wool and / or glass wool, with two large surfaces which are arranged at a distance and parallel to each other and with four side surfaces which are perpendicular to each other and to the large surfaces, wherein the mineral fibers in the Area of at least one contact zone, which adjoins directly to a large surface, are aligned substantially parallel to the large surface and wherein between the large surfaces, adjacent to the contact zone, a core region is disposed in the mineral fibers substantially rectangular and / or oblique arranged to run to the large surfaces,
characterized in that at least on the contact zone (5, 6) associated with large surface (3, 4) in at least one major axis direction extending aligned bead-like projections (10) are arranged at regular intervals to each other, which have a substantially circular arc section-shaped cross-section. Insulating element according to claim 1,
characterized in that the mineral fibers (2) are arranged in two contact zones (5, 6) in the area of both large surfaces (3, 4) parallel to the large surfaces (3, 4) and that on both large surfaces (3, 4 ) bead-like projections (10) are arranged. Insulating element according to claim 1,
characterized in that the core region (9) consists of a plurality of meandering arranged and preferably in the longitudinal direction of the core region (9) compressed loops (11) of a primary web, wherein the loops (11) of the primary web are connected to each other via deflection areas, in at least a contact zone (5, 6) are arranged. Insulating element according to claim 1,
characterized by
a different transverse tensile strength in the area below the two large surfaces (3, 4). Insulating element according to claim 4,
characterized in that a region under a large surface (3, 4, 15) has a transverse tensile strength of> 30kPa, preferably> 60kPa, and a region under the opposite major surface (3, 4) has a transverse tensile strength> 5kPa. Insulating element according to claim 5,
characterized in that the areas directly adjacent to the large surfaces (3, 4, 15). Insulating element according to claim 4,
characterized in that the mineral fibers (2) in the region with the transverse tensile strength of> 30 kPa are aligned almost exclusively at right angles to the large surface (15). Insulating element according to claim 1,
characterized in that at least one large surface (3, 4, 15) is formed with an adhesion-promoting coating (16). Insulating element according to claim 8,
characterized in that the adhesion-promoting coating (16) is arranged on the large surface (15) to which the mineral fibers have a rectangular course. Insulating element according to claim 8,
characterized in that the adhesion-promoting coating (16) is arranged over part of the area on the large surface (3, 4, 15). Insulating element according to claim 8,
characterized in that the adhesion-promoting coating (16) consists of a plastic film having a high affinity for a construction adhesive, in particular a mortar and / or an adhesive mortar. Thermal insulation composite system comprising at least one insulating element made of mineral fibers bound to a binder, in particular of mineral wool and / or glass wool, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 11, which has two large surfaces, which are arranged at a distance and parallel to each other and which has four side surfaces, which are aligned at right angles to each other and to the large surfaces, wherein the mineral fibers of the insulating element in the region of at least one contact zone, which adjoins directly to a large surface, are aligned substantially parallel to the large surface and wherein between the large surfaces, adjacent to a core region is arranged in the contact zone, in which mineral fibers are arranged to extend essentially at right angles and / or obliquely to the large surfaces,
characterized in that the insulating element (1, 1.1, 1.2) facing away from the contact zone (5, 6) disposed large surface (15) rests on a building surface to be insulated (19) and is connected thereto via an adhesive (18) and the outer surface (3, 4) having the contact zone (5, 6) is formed with a cover. System according to claim 12,
characterized in that the building surface (19) facing large surface is formed as a cutting surface (15) to which the mineral fibers (2) are aligned at right angles. System according to claim 13,
characterized in that the cut surface (15) has an adhesion-promoting coating (16), which is preferably applied over the entire surface. System according to claim 12,
characterized in that the cover is designed as a preferably reinforced plaster system (21). System according to claim 12,
characterized in that the insulating element (1, 1.1, 1.2) in the region of the contact zone (5, 6) to the region of the cut surface (15) has different transverse tensile strength. System according to claim 16,
characterized in that the cut surface (15) has a transverse tensile strength of> 30 kPa, preferably> 60 kPa and the contact zone (5, 6) has a transverse tensile strength> 5 kPa System according to claim 15,
characterized in that the cover is reinforced with a reinforcement (24), for example a glass fiber mesh. System according to claim 12,
characterized in that a plurality of insulation material elements (1, 1.1, 1.2) designed as insulating panels are arranged and fastened in association on the building surface (19) to be insulated.

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