EP1335080B1 - Insulation board for heat and/or sound insulation, and insulation layer - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat and sound insulating material, e.g. for flat roofs, comprises mineral fibres bound with a binding agent. The material is in the form of plates, with large surfaces and side surfaces. Edges are formed between the large surfaces and the sides, and the edges are chamfered (6). A heat and sound insulating material, e.g. for flat roofs, comprises mineral fibres bound with a binding agent. The material is in the form of plates, with large surfaces and side surfaces. Edges are formed between the large surfaces and the sides, and the edges are chamfered (6). A strip is applied at the overlap points, using adhesive, e.g. a thermoplastic adhesive. A separation layer is applied to the surface, which consists of a membrane and a polyamide fibre layer.

Description

The invention relates to an insulation panel for thermal and / or acoustic insulation in particular flat and / or flat inclined roofs, preferably with Binders bound mineral fibers, such as rockwool, with two large surfaces spaced and arranged parallel to each other and are connected by side surfaces perpendicular to the large surfaces are aligned, with between the large surfaces and the adjoining Side surfaces edges are formed. Furthermore, the invention relates to a Insulating layer for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of particular flat and / or flat roofs consisting of the above-mentioned insulating panels.

From the prior art it is known buildings both outside, as well inside with insulation boards against heat loss, against excessive heating and to insulate against sound emission. For this purpose, insulation boards are used, made of either foamed plastics, such as polystyrene Autoclaved aerated concrete and / or mineral fibers. Here are in the roof area the insulating panels made of binders bound mineral fibers, for example made of rockwool proved to be particularly preferred since such insulation boards on the one hand have a very high insulation effect and on the other such can be made, for example, that they are heavily loaded at certain points. Such insulation boards are made of vitreous solidified mineral fibers with small amounts of binders are interconnected. For the production of Such insulation boards are erdalkalireiche, iron oxide and alumina used silicate melts, whose processing range due to a strong dependence of the favorable for the fiberization viscosities of the temperature is extremely narrow. A suitable fiberization aggregate is a cascade fiberising machine, usually four with high revs around each having a horizontal axis rotating rollers, wherein the melt on abandoned the top roller and already partially defibred on the underneath lying rolls is passed.

In the defibering of such a melt arise both very short and with average diameters of about 2 to 3 microns very fine mineral fibers as well non-fibrous particles which are separated from the fibers by means of air sifting are, as far as it is coarser particles, while the smaller particles can remain in the mineral fiber mass. The mineral fiber mass is mostly with completely dissolved in water or colloidally distributed mixtures of Phenol, urea, and formaldehyde resin and mineral oil bound, the Mineral oil primarily acts as an impregnant to make the mineral fibers hydrophobic train. In the impregnated with said binders and impregnating agents Mineral fiber mass is ground in not inconsiderable amounts Mineral fibers from recycling processes faulty or disassembled Insulating materials introduced. The mineral fiber mass thus prepared is as primary fleece continuously deducted from the place of origin and on a air-permeable conveyor belt collected. For certain mechanical strength properties form, is the endless primary web through height and Longitudinal compression imprinted a particular structure, which is common in the commercial products made therefrom, in particular insulating panels only in the production direction is performed. By curing the binder with the help a sucked through the primary nonwoven or a secondary nonwoven unfolded therefrom Hot air flow, the structure thus formed is fixed.

For this purpose, the primary web or the secondary web is a curing oven fed, in which the hot air flows through the primary or secondary web. In this hardening furnace opposite pressure belts are arranged, which rest on the large surfaces of the primary or secondary web and Feed the primary or secondary web through the curing oven. The printing tapes consist of individual segments, which are formed as a stable perforated plates are. The holes arranged in these perforated plates are round and / or Long holes formed, with slots a lower flow resistance exhibit. The longitudinal axis of the elongated holes is preferably transverse to the production direction oriented to an all-deep impressions of the mineral fibers in these Avoid longitudinal holes. The individual rows of oblong holes are against each other staggered. Nevertheless, the mineral fiber mass of the primary or Secondary fleece at the required pressures even at relatively small diameters or hole widths pressed into these slots, so that the surfaces of the primary or secondary non-woven fabric have 1 to 2 mm high elevations.

The above-described insulating elements, preferably insulating panels for flat roofs, pitched roofs or external thermal insulation systems usually a binder content of about 3.5 to about 4.5% by mass, in exceptional cases also up to 8% by mass and about 0.2 to 0.3% by mass of mineral oil. Even however, a use of higher binder levels does not lead to an ideal one punctiform connection of adjacent mineral fibers. Despite their advantageous Properties are known inorganic binders because of their Brittle brittleness and due to their high price only in special thermally high claimed used insulation panels.

The mineral fiber mass for the production of insulation boards has considerable Amounts of unbound mineral fibers.

As already stated, the mineral oil is used for continuous water repellency the mineral fiber mass, whereby instead of mineral oils also other oils with sufficient low vapor pressure and high boiling point can be used. For example, silicone oils and silicone resins are used have excellent hydrophobing ability, although they because the release of volatile compounds and the resulting interference are disadvantageous in certain industrial manufacturing processes.

Insulation panels for roof insulation preferably have densities between about 100 and 230 kg / m ³ . These insulating panels may have a homogeneous structure or on at least one side have a highly compressed to about 180 to 220 kg / m ³ surface zone, while in the wider area of the insulation board significantly lower densities are provided.

The individual mineral fibers can have different storages in the mineral fiber mass, namely, have the primary web or the secondary web. For example leads to a steep storage of the individual mineral fibers in the primary harvester Secondary nonwoven to a compressive strength of about 50 to about 70 kPa and a Tensile strength at right angles to the large surfaces of up to approx. 15 or 35 kPa. The mechanical properties of the insulation boards produced from them are therefore highly directional. The compressive strength of Insulation boards are significantly higher in the direction of production than in the direction of production. The same applies to the bending tensile strength, the transverse tensile strength parallel to the large surfaces and / or shear stiffness. The mechanical properties Made from this insulation boards are not constant. By Relaxation phenomena are built up during production Tensions over time. These strength losses are due to moisture on the hydrolyzing resins and by externally acting mechanical forces, especially by changing voltage states clearly strengthened. In general, it comes in mechanically strong and therefore specially structured insulation panels to strength losses on the order of magnitude from 30 to about 60%.

In the field of thermal insulation systems or in sandwich panels with metal covers arranged on both sides are used as load-bearing insulation insulating boards, which are designed as a so-called finned plates and therefore have a course of mineral fibers predominantly perpendicular to the large surfaces of the insulation boards. Typically, such lamella plates are made in the way that insulation boards maximum thickness are produced, this maximum thickness is limited by the passage height of the hardening furnaces to about 200 mm. From these approximately 200 mm thick insulation panels are separated parallel to the original production direction discs in the desired delivery thickness. The width of a lamella plate thus corresponds to the passage height of the curing oven or the height of the primary or secondary nonwoven. At gross densities of about 100 kg / m ³ , these lamellar plates achieve transverse tensile strengths of up to about 130 kPa. At bulk densities of about 75 kg / m ³ , values in the range of about 50 to about 90 kPa are still achieved. Accordingly high are the possible compressive stresses, but the force-deformation behavior is characterized by a small compression at maximum force and an abrupt decrease in strength after reaching the maximum force.

Insulating boards oriented predominantly at right angles to the large surfaces Mineral fibers can also be produced in other ways. In this case, the primary nonwoven is turned up and down by a horizontal axis swinging device unfolded and filed as a secondary web. The single ones Folds are then pushed together in the longitudinal direction and in vertical Direction compressed to the desired thickness. With careful guidance of the Compression process is the required compaction predominantly of the recorded on both surface zones, so that the orientation of the mineral fibers in the secondary web nearly perpendicular to the large surfaces of the Secondary fleece is aligned. Subsequently, an approximately 10 to 25 mm thick Layer separated on both major surfaces of the secondary web, so that the secondary nonwoven overall a course of mineral fibers perpendicular to the has large surfaces. Made from insulation boards have relatively high transverse tensile strengths. The advantage of the above Production method consists i.a. in that an endless mineral fiber web with the width of the production line is obtained, so that the dimensions of the Insulating boards can be varied.

The insulating panels produced therefrom in turn have different Strength values in the production direction or transversely to the production direction.

The above-described insulation boards are u.a. also on steel roofs processed, which consist of trapezoidal sheet metal, on the upper straps rest the insulation boards. Between the trapezoidal sheet metal and The insulation boards are thin, non-viable films as a vapor barrier Airtightness layer arranged. When walking or even when driving the laid out Insulation boards on the trapezoidal sheet metal are the insulation boards significantly stressed on bending in combination with shear, so far the load is above the lower chords of the trapezoidal sheet metal. To one sufficient resistance of the insulation panels to be obtained these on the production plant in the manner of the primary or secondary nonwoven separated, that their longitudinal axis is oriented transversely to the production line. As a result, The insulation boards are cut to length according to the desired width. The insulation boards are with their longitudinal axis transverse to the direction of Trapezoidal sheet metal, i. transverse to the course of the upper and lower girths of the bearing Lay the roof shell.

Insulation boards made of mineral fibers are therefore from the above mentioned reasons generally sensitive to mechanical loads, which are generated by walking and driving. They are therefore only limited for the thermal and acoustic insulation of used roof areas. To her To improve suitability for these purposes it is known to be inherently rigid Apply layers, such as screeds or the like, to the special load reduce the insulation boards. Such formed insulation panels or However, insulating layers are not technically viable compared to solid insulating materials equivalent.

Depending on the weather conditions occur during the installation of the insulation boards and when applying the seals by walking on and driving with Transport carts and the like mechanical loads that in conjunction with rainfall on the insulation boards and an associated slow drainage or accumulation of moisture to a combined lead hydromechanical load. At this stress, the moisture by walking on and driving into the surfaces of the insulating panels pressed. Associated alternating stress of the insulation boards leads to a through-rolling and an associated loss of strength the insulation boards. The above-described profiling of insulation boards due to the passage through the curing oven complements this effect disadvantageous because the particular transverse to the direction of flow of moisture and to still staggered profiles of the resulting through the slots Elevations on the surfaces of the insulation boards the water drainage clearly hampered by countless diversions and storage options. This one Surveys when walking and driving through the pressure regularly compressed and relieved, they act like small pumps that absorb the moisture despite the general hydrophobization of the mineral fibers in the insulation boards pump in. With continuing hydromechanical loads on the insulation boards these are preferably zerwalkt in the surface areas, what to a loss of cohesion and sustainability of mineral fibers leads.

Reduction of loads or prevention of massive damage The insulation boards can by laying out pressure distributing Panels or planks are achieved.

Of course, the precipitation also has a detrimental effect on the insulation boards, for example, by joints between the insulation boards below Run the insulation layer and lean on the supporting roof shell or a sagging one Collect vapor barrier and air barrier film layer. in this connection It has been shown that, especially in cases where the insulating panels are placed on the upper chords of the trapezoidal sheet and as airtightness layer Polyethylene foils are used, the preceding precipitation accumulations to be recorded. This accumulation of rainfall can be prevented by the fact that the insulating panels fully or partially glued with particular smooth base layers, for example can also be designed as a vapor-damping or air-blocking layer.

The insulation panels are preferably cast in association, i. relocated, whereby deviations in the respective width of the insulating panels lead to that joints with possibly several millimeters wide arise. The Forehead areas of the insulating panels can usually be pushed close, especially as well Here, because of the use of fixed saws hardly deviations from the Squareness occur. These joints should already from thermal protection For reasons with compressible mineral wool insulating materials or with local foam be filled, but then omitted if the joints are relatively narrow are to avoid the labor of filling the joints. The Rainfall accumulating in the joints and cracks can only last long evaporate at high temperatures. The needed for drying Energy can come either from the outside or from the heated interior. Both in summer and in winter, the water must first evaporate be, which requires a lot of evaporation energy and essentially by the insulating layer must be dissipated to the outside. The insulating layer itself but is just there to prevent the passage of heat energy, so that a correspondingly high amount of energy is required. Opposite water vapor diffusion the insulation panels are open, so that they Dry out only slight resistance to oppose. But the binders react at high temperatures intensively with the water vapor. Also from these Reasons are accumulations of precipitation below the insulation layer to avoid.

The accumulation of rainfall on and under the insulation boards can by a sufficient inclination of the entire roof surface in conjunction with an effective water drainage from the roof shell can be achieved. Practically These constructive precautions are for various reasons but rarely implemented.

On the other hand, the time in which the insulating layer unprotected by the weather can be is exposed, overlapping by the immediately following laying out Webs of plastics or elastomers or by sticking Shorten bitumen or polymer bitumen skirts. The plastic or elastomers existing waterproofing membranes are in the roof area by individual in-line screws with pressure plates or with the help of screwed on line-shaped pressure elements connected to the supporting roof shell. The edges of the sealing sheets then become in the overlapping areas glued together or thermally or chemically welded.

Characteristic of these waterproofing membranes is their low stiffness, so that For example, they are arched under wind suction and then by her Dead weight coincide again. In doing so, these waterproofing membranes develop the effect of pumps and cause an intense air movement in the area above the insulation layer. This air exchange can at least in the Edge areas of the roof surface also be done with the outside air. Definitely The movements of the waterproofing membranes ensure an even distribution the humidity or a rapid evaporation of condensation from the bottom the waterproofing membranes and the surface of the insulating layer.

For metallic coverings, which rest on the insulating layer, forms significantly more condensation on the bottom of the roofing, which is due to the Heating of the sheet metal elements of the metallic roofing evaporates, wherein the Formed water vapor flows mainly to the outside. Part of the water vapor but is also pressed into the insulating layer or diffused into this one.

Bitumen or polymer bitumen roofing membranes are made using hot or cold bitumen, Polyurethane adhesives or in so-called welding tracks by heating glued to the underside of the insulating layer. When using Hot bitumen for the bonding of roofing membranes can be the highly heated and low viscous bitumen penetrate deeper than desired in the insulating layer. Around To avoid this effect, it is known silicate coatings on the To apply an insulating layer that prevents this penetration. Because these coatings rest only on the surface of the insulating layer, reaches the bonding only a slight resistance to wind suction. Thus, the stability the roof seal not given. Further, by committing the roof surface shear stresses between the deformable surface layer the insulating panels and the coating triggered, causing a detachment of the Bitumen can lead. The application of the silicate coatings is also associated with relatively high costs.

As an alternative to the procedure described above, it is known to pour a small amount of about 600 to about 1200 g of bitumen per m ² at the factory onto the insulation boards under controlled processing conditions. The bitumen infiltrates less than approx. 1 mm into the surfaces of the insulation boards and thereby covers all mineral fibers present in this surface zone. The bonding of the waterproofing membrane can now be done with the materials and methods already mentioned. In a full-surface bonding that leads to an almost complete utilization of the basic strength of the insulation boards.

In a partial bonding, the sealing sheets are only stripwise or bonded in spots. This joining technique allows faster laying, so that the economy of the sealing system increases. The used Adhesives usually have high internal strengths but are also opposite Standard adhesives more expensive. This in turn forces us to do the specific thing To keep consumption low. In the case of partial bonding, the adhesive area is below 60%. With a basically relatively low transverse tensile strength The insulation boards sink the strength reserves up to or under the Limit of stability. To here the adhesive tensile strength of the entire surface exploiting the insulating panels, become tensile, i.e.. Reinforced coatings applied. For this purpose, usually only thin fleeces or light, open fabrics of natural, synthetic or glass fibers impregnated with bitumen and glued on the insulation boards.

However, it is technically more favorable and more economical to use the abovementioned Nonwovens or fabrics on the endless mineral fiber web, for example the primary or secondary web prior to curing of the binders, i. before feeding glue the primary or secondary nonwoven fabric into the curing oven. This edition prevents, for example, the penetration of mineral fibers into the openings the pressure belts in the hardening furnaces and thus the formation of the water drainage disabling surveys.

The bitumen is after the passage of the primary or secondary web through poured or sprayed the curing oven onto the previously laminated surface. The disadvantage here, however, that further processing of the primary or secondary web only after the curing of the bitumen is possible. It has therefore proved to be useful, the insulation boards with the desired dimensions from the endless primary or secondary non-woven and then separate to apply the bitumen.

By the above-described laminated webs and fabrics as well Reinforcing fibers result when using adhesives with high internal strength and a corresponding cohesion with the bitumen sufficient against wind suction resistant compounds. As bitumen but easily flammable is, achieve such laminated insulation panels only the building material class normally flammable B2 according to DIN 4102, part 1 and the equivalent class of new European building material classification. This classification gives the behavior but not again in case of fire. Due to the capillary activity of the lamination and the insulating material only burns the bitumen on the surface of the Insulating material, so that the fire behavior of the entire roof structure at Use of bitumen or polymer bitumen membranes not and others Sealing materials in the sense of resistance to flying fire and radiant heat deteriorated only insignificantly.

The infused and penetrated into the surface of the insulating panels bituminous layer is as well as the various reinforced with nonwovens or woven bitumen layers water repellent. Even when walking on or driving this property is largely preserved. At the same time, the bituminous layers described have only low resistance to water vapor diffusion. The water vapor-equivalent air layer thickness s _D is less than about 10 m for the bitumen quantities of <1,200 g / m ² in question and drops to a few meters as the application quantity decreases.

Flat roofs are designed to prevent stagnant water on the roof waterproofing generally have an inclination of ≥ 2%. Because of the deflection of the lightweight trays in longitudinal and transverse directions are even through the substructure predetermined roof pitches, especially between the support structures, unavailable. In addition, the upper straps in do not form smooth planes in the overlapping areas and because of deformations. Due to this unevenness of the ground, even the same thick plates can be used jump on the adjacent edges.

From FR 2 602 810 A1 a generic insulation board is known, the has two large surfaces, the spaced and arranged parallel to each other. The big surfaces are aligned by right angles to the large surfaces aligned narrow sides connected with each other. Furthermore, the insulation board has two longitudinal sides on, on the one hand a trapezoidal in cross-section recess and on the other have a trapezoidal cross-section projection whose shape such is formed, that the projection in a form-fitting manner in the recess of an adjacent arranged insulating plate engages.

In the region of the projection, the previously known insulation board has a bevel so that this area of the bevel is not in a plane with the large surface of the insulation board falls.

In this prior art insulation board is additionally a ladder-like wooden insert provided, two parallel and extending in the longitudinal direction and in cross section square bars in correspondingly formed recesses in one large surface of the insulation board are inserted. These bars close flush off with this large surface of insulation board. On the big one Surface of the insulation board are also transverse to these bars extending wooden rods provided, which with the former rods via a nail connection are connected.

Starting from the above-described prior art, the invention the object of the invention to provide an insulating plate, in particular avoided the above-described disadvantages of the prior art and the accumulation of rainwater in the area of adjacent arranged insulation plates omitted.

This object is achieved by claim 1.

Such formed insulating board can in a preferred manner with others Insulating panels are assembled to form an insulating layer, in particular in the range of flat and / or flat roofs, but also Sloping roofs the beveled area area a discharge of rainwater accelerated from the joint area between adjacent insulation boards.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that each large Surface has two long edges and two short edges, each perpendicular aligned with each other, wherein the beveled area in the area a long edge of a surface is arranged. Here, in the foreground, that such insulation boards usually on top straps of trapezoidal sheet metal be applied and transversely with their longitudinal direction, i. perpendicular to the longitudinal direction the upper straps are arranged. The upper straps run in such Roof formations in the fall line of the roof slope.

It is further provided in a development of the insulation board according to the invention, that the beveled surface area has a width of 15 to 175 mm, in particular from 20 to 150 mm. Preferably, the chamfered Surface area in the edge area beyond a depth of 2 to 20 mm, in particular 3 to 15 mm, preferably <7 mm.

To seal a joint between adjacent insulation boards, it is provided according to a further feature that the beveled surface area has a over the edge protruding Kaschierungsstreifen, the at adjacent arranged insulating panels on the surface of the adjacent Led insulation board and preferably adhered or glued there is.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that a second laminating strip in the region of one to the edge of the beveled surface area is arranged adjacent edge and also overlaps over the edge. A composite of such insulation boards insulation layer has thus in the area of each joint on a Kaschierungsstreifen. These laminating strips can be designed both as overlap or drag strip be, with the overlap strip attached to the surface of the insulation board is while the tow strip rests loosely.

The laminating strips have a particular in their overlapping area activatable adhesive. Preferably, the Kaschierungsstreifen are made especially non-permeable nonwovens made of glass and / or plastic fibers educated.

As an adhesive for Kaschierungsstreifen have in particular thermoplastic Adhesive, bitumen and / or permanently-adhesive adhesives proven. Preferably the adhesive is punctiform and / or strip-shaped or full surface on the Kaschierungsstreifen arranged.

In a further embodiment of the insulation board according to the invention is provided that the beveled surface area parallel to a reduced bending tensile strength is arranged running.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that at least the the beveled surface area having large surface at least in Area outside the beveled area with an impregnating mass is coated. The impregnating mass prevents the penetration of the Moisture in the insulation board, so that the moisture, especially the Precipitation water accelerates to the beveled area of the adjacent Insulating board is removed. Preferably, the impregnation composition made of bitumen mixed with ground fine mineral fibers is, so that neither the insulating properties nor the fire resistance substantially are adversely affected.

The impregnating composition is arranged in particular with a basis weight of 200 to 800 g / m ² on the surface of the insulation board.

As an alternative to the impregnation mass, it may be provided that at least the large surface having the beveled surface area at least in the area outside the beveled area with a lamination, in particular a fleece or a fabric is formed. This fleece or Fabric has the same effect as the impregnating mass. Preferably is the lamination of particular rotting glass and / or Plastic fibers formed. According to another feature of this embodiment It is envisaged that the lamination partially or completely on the surface is glued on. Partial bonding of the lamination on the surface has the advantage that it uses adhesive material in only a small amount is, for example, to achieve appropriate fire resistance classes and also the insulation board in terms of your strength properties, in particular the bending capabilities do not adversely affect. In contrast, the full-surface Bonding of the lamination the advantage that thereby a solid bond between lamination and insulation board is achieved.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that a lamination as a separation layer of at least one permeable membrane and a layer made of polyamide random fibers or dimpled film, the position is arranged outside.

The gluing of the lamination with the surface of the insulation board is done preferably with thermosetting resins, thermoplastics, for example Hotmelts, bitumen and / or adhesive adhesives.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the insulation board consists of individual interconnected slats. The slats indicate at least the outboard, especially on both major A lamination, in particular of nonwovens and / or fabrics, to create a sufficiently stable insulation board.

A further development of this embodiment provides that the lamination over the entire surface glued to the slats.

Preferably, the slats have a width of 200 mm and / or a bulk density between 60 and 140 kg / m ³ , in particular between 70 and 110 kg / m ³ in order to achieve the necessary insulation thicknesses and the necessary stability of the insulating layer. The fins can also have different densities within the insulation board.

The lamination is preferably one-sided, in particular in the region of two formed adjacent edges overlapping. In particular, the lamination with a thin film, such as polypropylene, polyester or the like covered.

Finally, the invention provides for the development of the insulation board according to the invention in that the film has a thickness of <20 mm and / or a diffusion equivalent Air layer density ≤ 10 m and in particular as a vapor barrier serves.

The invention further relates to an insulating layer for thermal and / or acoustic insulation in particular flat and / or flat inclined roofs, but also for Insulation of pitched roofs, wherein the insulation panels arranged in such a way are that the beveled surface areas aligned parallel to each other are and that the beveled area of the first insulation board at a the beveled surface area of the second insulating plate opposite Edge of the second insulating plate rests. Thus, the Insulating layer on adjacent insulation boards the arrangement of a bevelled Area of the first insulating plate on the opposite Edge without beveled surface area of the second insulation board on.

The insulation boards are arranged in particular in association.

According to a further feature of the insulating layer according to the invention is provided that the insulating panels with their bevelled surface areas transversely, are aligned in particular at right angles to the fall line of a roof. After all is provided with an insulating layer according to the invention, that the bevelled Surface areas of the insulation panels oriented toward the gable of the roof are.

The beveled surface area of the above-described insulation panels can with object-related production the local conditions and Roof pitches are adjusted. In pitched roofs, the depth is greater and make the width of the bevel much smaller than in the application such insulation panels on flat roofs.

To bridge the transverse joints in the roof area are on the water drain side Edges of the insulation panels overlap or drag strip arranged. Both differ in that the overlap strip on the underlying surface of the insulation board and the adjacent Insulation plate is fixed while the tow strip rests only loose. overlap or Schleppstreifen can also in the area adjacent Edges of the insulation boards arranged, in particular be fastened.

The overlapping or drag strips consist of vapor-permeable nonwovens made of glass or plastic fibers with thermoplastic adhesives on their undersides, Bitumen or permanent adhesive adhesive, the latter protected by cover sheets, are applied dot-wise or in strips or over the entire surface. Adhäsivkleber can also be extruded in the form of thin threads, so that by them significantly reduced, but very evenly distributed amount of adhesive in the form of a Non-woven fabric rests on the overlap or drag strip.

The overlap or drag strip can factory but also on the Construction site glued or welded. The laying of the insulation boards has the advantage that the insulation panels in particular on the not self-contained roof surfaces can be supported against each other. This This is especially true for small-sized insulation boards, but also for large-format Insulating boards with the usual dimensions of 2 m x 1.2 m. Although these insulation boards significantly more top straps of trapezoidal sheets bridge, but relatively many insulation boards collar on the upper straps out. When laying the insulation boards in the dressing but continuous Weak zones above the lower girths avoided.

Concrete roofs, formwork on pitched roofs, insulation packages supported from below between rafters and the rafters as bearing surfaces form in themselves stable bearing surfaces on which the insulation boards also with continuous Joints can be laid. It is advantageous that insulation boards from mineral fibers, neither a time-dependent shrinkage nor temperature-dependent Have length changes and thus not the risk of Aufklaffens continuous joints. In addition, it is beneficial that yourself seal through joints with less time than in the dressing staggered joints.

The surface of the insulating panels can be provided with an impregnating mass made of bitumen mixed with ground fine mineral fibers consists. The fibers are made from the waste in the production of insulation materials or obtained from used insulating materials of mineral fibers.

If a use of such insulation panels for roofs with inclinations of more than 15 ° provided, an impregnation of the outer surfaces with about 200 to 800 g bitumen / m ^{2 is} sufficient. Surprisingly, the vapor barrier value, that is to say the diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness s _D of such an impregnation, is only a few centimeters to a few centimeters, so that the impregnations do not appreciably impede the transport of water vapor through the insulating material.

On the insulation boards can preferably fleeces from rotting Glass or plastic fibers or fabric of these fibers partially or ganztlächig glued on. To avoid unwanted reactions between the adhesives and avoid the sheet-like seals or metal covers, thus the To achieve the effect of a release layer, the bonding takes place while avoiding impregnation of the nonwovens and tissues.

In the case of metal coverings, the insulation boards are with a glued separating layer from at least one diffusion-open membrane with an overlying membrane Layer formed of polyamide random fibers or dimpled films. To do this for example, adhesives made of thermosetting resins or thermoplastics, such as polyurethane, so-called hotmelts of different compositions, Bitumen and adhesive adhesive used. The laminated fleeces or Tissues can absorb water under pressure or because of their capillary activity and hold, yet the rainfall runs over the water-soaked Nonwovens and fabrics surprisingly fast off.

To the highest possible load capacity of the surface of the insulation boards below To achieve adverse weather conditions, the lamination or Soak it up so that it like a layer of reinforcement in the glue or the supplementary impregnation mass lies. For cost reasons, because of the tough plastic behavior at the usual processing temperatures as well due to the high absorption capacity of its blackening for the long-wave Thermal radiation of the sun, bitumen is particularly suitable for this purpose. These too Coatings hinder the diffusion of water vapor, but lock up sudden changes in the water vapor partial pressure below the seal or coverage as a result of sudden changes in climatic conditions direct penetration into the insulating material.

Lightweight elements that are resistant to compression and transverse forces can be produced from individual lamella plates or lamellae in which fleeces or fabric are glued onto both large surfaces of the lamellae. The bonding is due to the intended structure of a resilient water-dissipating layer at least for the outwardly facing surface of the insulation board predominantly over the entire surface. The individual, for example, 200 mm wide slats or slats have densities between 60 and about 140 kg / m ³ , preferably between about 70 to 110 kg / m ³ . It can also produce insulation boards in which lamellar plates are combined with different densities. The lamellar plates are pressed close to each other and connected under this tension with the cover layers.

Since the individual lamellae plates separated in each case from insulation boards can easily be slats with trapezoidal cross-section or with a bevelled edge surface.

Instead of individual lamellar plates but can also be directed insulation boards be used when in one direction a particularly high stiffness required is. This is usually steeply inclined roofs in the direction of the slope the case. Because of the low wind load, especially under the coverages of pitched roofs, it is not necessary to cover the cover layers with the to remove flat lying fibers.

The upper, i.e. outwardly facing cover layers of nonwovens, fabrics or fabrics The composites with random fiber layer, dimpled foil, etc. can be or longitudinal side or on two sides of the insulation board or the insulating element be stuck with a supernatant. The protruding edges are formed as overlapping or as a tow strip.

Pads impregnated with thermoplastic adhesives must be protected in the stack with thin films, for example polypropylene, polyester or the like. At thicknesses ≤ 20 μm, the diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness s _D <approx. 10 m, so that the foils can remain there after installation if a vapor barrier with a sufficiently high blocking value is attached to the room side.

Figur 1

eine übliche Dämmstoffplatte in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Figur 2

die Dämmstoffplatte gemäß Figur 1 mit ergänzten Überlappungsstreifen;

Figur 3

eine Dämmstoffplatte bestehend aus Mineralfaserlamellen in Seitenansicht;

Figur 4

die Dämmstoffplatte gemäß Figur 3 in einer Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils IV in Figur 3;

Figur 5

eine Dämmschicht bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Dämmstoffplatten gemäß der Figur 2 in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 6

die Anordnung von Dämmstoffplatten gemäß Figur 4 auf einer Dachunterschale in Seitenansicht und

Figur 7

einen Stoßbereich benachbarter Dämmstoffplatten in einer Anordnung gemäß Figur 6 in vergrößert dargestellter Seitenansicht.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of an insulating panel or an insulating layer shown in the drawing. In the drawing show:

FIG. 1

a conventional insulation board in perspective view;

FIG. 2

the insulation board according to Figure 1 with added overlap strips;

FIG. 3

an insulation board consisting of mineral fiber lamellae in side view;

FIG. 4

the insulation board according to Figure 3 in a view in the direction of the arrow IV in Figure 3;

FIG. 5

an insulating layer consisting of a plurality of insulating panels according to the figure 2 in perspective view,

FIG. 6

the arrangement of insulating panels according to Figure 4 on a roof bottom shell in side view and

FIG. 7

an impact region of adjacent insulation panels in an arrangement according to Figure 6 in an enlarged side view.

Figure 1 shows an insulation board 1 for thermal and acoustic insulation of a building roof. The insulating panel 1 consists of binder-bound mineral fibers, namely rock wool and has two large surfaces 2 and 3, the spaced and arranged substantially parallel to each other. The large surfaces 2, 3 are connected to each other via side surfaces 4 and 5, wherein the side surfaces 4 are formed longer than the side surfaces 5. Die Insulation board 1 has two parallel side surfaces 4 and two parallel side surfaces 5, wherein the side surfaces 4 at right angles to the side surfaces 5 extending are arranged.

The side surfaces 4 and 5 have, together with the large surfaces 2, 3 respectively an edge 7, 8 and 9, respectively.

The upper large surface 2 shown in FIG. 1 has in the region of the edge 9 a beveled surface area 6, which with the adjacent side surface. 4 encloses an angle> 90 ° and extends over the entire edge 9.

The chamfered surface area 6 has a width of 30 mm and a depth of 10 mm, where the depth is the difference between the two in the longitudinal direction of the insulation board 1 extending side surfaces 4 is.

FIG. 1 shows the essential production-related strength properties the insulation board 1 shown in phantom. The production direction of the Insulation board 1 is indicated by the arrow 10. An insulation panel made in this way 1 has a low bending tensile strength in the longitudinal direction in the direction of the arrow 11 and a high bending tensile strength in the transverse direction according to arrow 12. About that In addition, an arrow 13 shows a perpendicular to the direction of production high transverse tensile strength and compressive strength of the insulating panel 1 on.

In Figure 2, the insulating plate 1 is shown in FIG 1, wherein the bevelled Surface area 6 a over the edge 9 protruding Kaschierungsstreifen 14 has. Furthermore, a second laminating strip 15 is in the region of arranged to the edge 9 of the chamfered surface area 6 adjacent edge 7, this second laminating strip 15 both the edge 7 and the overlaps first lamination strip 14.

Both laminating strips 14, 15 are in their overlapping area with an activatable Adhesive formed to the lamination strip 14, 15 at an adjacent, Not to be shown insulation board 1 to fix. The laminating strips 14, 15 consist of a vapor-permeable non-woven glass and Plastic fibers. The trained as a permanent adhesive adhesive adhesive is point and strip on the Kaschierungsstreifen 14, 15 arranged.

The large surface 2 of the insulation board 1 is coated with an impregnating material 16, which consists of bitumen mixed with ground fine mineral fibers. This impregnating mass 16 has a weight per unit area of 600 g / m ² on the surface 3.

FIGS. 3 to 5 show a further embodiment of an insulating panel 1, consisting of a plurality of interconnected fins 17, wherein each lamella 17 has a grain of fibers perpendicular to the large surfaces 2, 3 has.

The lamellae 17 have on both sides in the region of the large surfaces 2, 3 a lamination 18, which consists of a fabric. The lamination 18 is glued over its entire surface with the lamellae 17. Each lamella 17 has a width of 200 mm and a bulk density of 90 kg / m ³ .

In Figure 4 is an embodiment of this formed from fins 17 insulation board 1, which according to the figure 1 a beveled surface area 6 in the region of an edge 9 has.

In Figure 5 is an insulating layer for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of a flat tilted roof, which consists of several insulating panels 1 according to FIG. 1 is trained. Each insulation board 1 has a fiber profile parallel to the large surfaces 2, 3 of the insulation board 1. The insulation panels 1 are such arranged to each other, that the chamfered surface areas 6 parallel to each other are aligned and that the chamfered surface area 6 of a first Insulation plate 2 at one of the beveled surface area 6 of the second Insulation board 1 opposite edge 8 of the second insulation board 1 is applied. These areas are covered with the lamination strip 14, so that the formed between the insulation panels 1 joints against the ingress of Rainwater are protected. It can be seen that the insulation panels 1 are laid in association with the embodiment of Figure 5, wherein the insulation panels 1 with their chamfered surface areas 6 transversely, in particular are aligned at right angles to the fall line of the roof. The beveled surface areas 6 of the insulating panels 1 are in this case oriented towards the gable of the roof.

In Figures 6 and 7, the arrangement of an insulating layer 19 consisting of several Insulating panels 1 shown on a slanted support tray 20. It can be seen that the beveled surface areas 6 of the individual Insulating boards 1 in the same direction, namely arranged oriented towards the pediment are so that the chamfered surface areas 6 on the side surface 4 of connect adjacent insulation board 1, which is the beveled area 6 of this insulation board 1 is arranged opposite one another.

Figure 7 also shows the arrangement of the lamination strip 14, the on the lower insulating plate 1 in the region of the chamfered surface region 6 and on the upper insulating plate 1 in the region of the edge 8 of the side surface 4 of upper insulation board 1 is arranged and fixed.

In the fall line of the pitched roof running rainwater thus flows over the Edge 8 of a first insulating plate 2 in the region of the chamfered surface area 6 of the insulating material plate 1 arranged underneath and can thus be up in the eaves are removed. Even with unevenly high insulation boards 1 or in case of due to the tray 20 differently high arranged insulation boards 1, this allows complete removal of rainwater. This discharge of rainwater is, for example, by the already described impregnation mass 16 improves since this Impregnating mass 16, the already hydrophobic design of the insulating panels 1 further improved and drainage of the water without penetrating into ensures the insulation board 1. The laminating strips 14 and 15 are here formed with a material thickness that avoids jamming of water droplets.

Claims (31)

1. Insulation board for heat and/or sound insulation in particular of flat and/or flatly inclined roofs, which insulation board is preferably made of binder-bound mineral fibers, for example of rockwool, and includes two large surfaces arranged so as to be spaced from each other and extending parallel to each other and interconnected through lateral faces that are aligned at right angles to said large surfaces, wherein edges are formed between the large surfaces and the adjoining lateral faces and wherein at least one large surface (2) includes a chamfered surface portion (6) in the region of at least one edge (9), which chamfered surface portion (6) together with the adjacent lateral surface (4) encloses an angle > 90° and extends over the whole edge (9),
   characterized in that all the lateral faces (4) are plane faces that terminate flush with the large surfaces (2).
2. Insulation board according to claim 1,
   characterized in that each of the large surfaces (2, 3) has two long edges (8, 9) and two short edges (7) which are respectively aligned at right angles to each other, with said chamfered surface portion (6) being arranged in the region of one long edge (9) of one surface (2).
3. Insulation board according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said chamfered surface portion (6) has a width of 15 to 175 mm and particularly 20 to 150 mm.
4. Insulation board according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said chamfered portion (6) has in the edge region a depth of 2 to 20 mm, particularly 3 to 25 mm and preferably < 7 mm.
5. Insulation board according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said chamfered surface portion (6) includes a covering strip (14) protruding beyond the edge (9).
6. Insulation board according to claim 1,
   characterized in that a second covering strip (15) is arranged in the region of an edge (7) adjacent said edge (9) of said chamfered surface portion (6) and also overlaps beyond said edge (7).
7. Insulation board according to claim 5 or 6,
   characterized in that said covering strip or strips (14,15) have in the overlapping portion thereof an adhesive which in particular can be activated.
8. Insulation board according to claim 5 or 6,
   characterized in that said covering strip or strips (14, 15) are formed of vibrous webs made of glass and/or synthetic fibers, in particular vibrous webs that are open to diffusion.
9. Insulation board according to claim 7,
   characterized in that said adhesive is formed as a thermoplastic adhesive, bitumen and/or thermosetting plastic adherent adhesive.
10. Insulation board according to claim 7,
    characterized in that said adhesive is arranged on said covering strip (14, 15) in a dot or strip form or all-over.
11. Insulation board according to claim 1,
    characterized in that said chamfered surface portion (6) is arranged to extend parallel to a reduced bending tensile strength.
12. Insulation board according to claim 1,
    characterized in that at least the large surface (2) including said chamfered surface portion (6) is coated with an impregnating mass (16) at least in the region outside said chamfered surface portion (6).
13. Insulation board according to claim 12,
    characterized in that said impregnating mass (16) includes fine mineral fibers which are mixed with bitumen and are ground open.
14. Insulation board according to claim 12,
    characterized in that said impregnating mass (16) is arranged with a substance of 200 to 800 g/m² on the surface (3).
15. Insulation board according to claim 1,
    characterized in that at least the large surface (2) including said chamfered surface portion (6) is formed with a covering, particularly a fibrous web or textile at least in the region outside said chamfered surface portion (6).
16. Insulation board according to claim 15,
    characterized in that said covering consists of glass which in particular is rottable and/or synthetic fibers.
17. Insulation board according to claim 15,
    characterized in that said covering is glued to the surface (3) partially or all-over.
18. Insulation board according to claim 15,
    characterized in that a covering is formed as a separation layer from at least one membrane open to diffusion and a layer of polyamide tangle fibers or nap film, wherein said layer is arranged on the outside.
19. Insulation board according to claim 17,
    characterized in that said glueing is effected with duroplastic resins, thermoplastic plastic materials such as hot-setting adhesives (hotmelts), bitumen and/or adhering adhesives.
20. Insulation board according to claim 1,
    characterized by
    individual interconnected lamellae (17).
21. Insulation board according to claim 20,
    characterized in that said lamellae (17) include a covering (18), in particular of vibrous webs and/or textiles on at least the outer, particularly on both large surfaces (2, 3).
22. Insulation board according to claim 21,
    characterized in that said covering (18) is glued together with said lamellae (17) all-over.
23. Insulation board according to claim 20,
    characterized in that said lamellae (17) have a width of 200 mm and/or a bulk density of between 60 and 140 kg/m², particularly of between 70 and 110 kg/m³.
24. Insulation board according to claim 20,
    characterized in that said lamellae (17) have different bulk densities.
25. Insulation board according to claim 21,
    characterized in that said covering (18) is formed overlapping at least on one side, particulary in the region of two adjacent edges (7, 9).
26. Insulation board according to claim 21,
    characterized in that said covering (18) is covered with a thin film, for example made of polypropylene, polyester or the like.
27. Insulation board according to claim 26,
    characterized in that said film has a thickness of ≤ 20 mm and/or a diffusion-equivalent air space thickness ≤ 10 m and serves in particular as a vapour retarding means.
28. Insulation layer for heat and/or sound insulation in particular of flat or flatly inclined roofs, which insulation layer consists of at least two insulation boards according to one of the claims 1 to 27,
    characterized in that said insulation boards (1) are arranged one with respect to the other in such a way that said chamfered surface portions (6) are aligned parallel to each other and that the chamfered surface portion (6) of the first insulation board (1) abuts an edge (8) of the second insulation board (1) opposite the chamfered surface portion (6) of the second insulation board (1).
29. Insulation layer according to claim 28,
    characterized in that said insulation boards (1) are arranged in a composite form.
30. Insulation layer according to claim 28,
    characterized in that said insulation boards (1) are aligned with their chamfered surface portions (6) transversely and particularly at right angles with respect to the line of slope of the roof.
31. Insulation layer according to claim 30,
    characterized in that said chamfered surface portions (6) of the insulation boards (1) are oriented towards the gable of the roof.

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