EP1546027A2 - Procede et composant micromecanique - Google Patents

Procede et composant micromecanique

Info

Publication number
EP1546027A2
EP1546027A2 EP03717116A EP03717116A EP1546027A2 EP 1546027 A2 EP1546027 A2 EP 1546027A2 EP 03717116 A EP03717116 A EP 03717116A EP 03717116 A EP03717116 A EP 03717116A EP 1546027 A2 EP1546027 A2 EP 1546027A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
porous
functional layer
region
layer
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03717116A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Lammel
Frank Schaefer
Heribert Weber
Stefan Finkbeiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1546027A2 publication Critical patent/EP1546027A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C1/00436—Shaping materials, i.e. techniques for structuring the substrate or the layers on the substrate
    • B81C1/00444—Surface micromachining, i.e. structuring layers on the substrate
    • B81C1/00468—Releasing structures
    • B81C1/00476—Releasing structures removing a sacrificial layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
    • B81B2201/12—STM or AFM microtips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
    • B81B2203/00—Basic microelectromechanical structures
    • B81B2203/01—Suspended structures, i.e. structures allowing a movement
    • B81B2203/0118—Cantilevers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
    • B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
    • B81C2201/0102—Surface micromachining
    • B81C2201/0105—Sacrificial layer
    • B81C2201/0109—Sacrificial layers not provided for in B81C2201/0107 - B81C2201/0108
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
    • B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
    • B81C2201/0111—Bulk micromachining
    • B81C2201/0115—Porous silicon

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a ner driving and a micromechanical component according to the category of the independent claims. Detached microstructures in
  • sacrificial layer technology For this purpose, a sacrificial layer is produced on a substrate, for example silicon, and possibly structured. Silicon dioxide, for example, can be used as the sacrificial layer. A functional layer is applied to this sacrificial layer and also structured. The functional layer comes, for example, polycrystalline
  • the functional layer is detached from the substrate, so that it is free. It is suspended at one or more points on the substrate and can, for example, bend or swing.
  • Applications of such self-supporting structures are e.g.
  • atomic force microscop AFM, scanning tunneling icroscope STM and the like are sensors which determine the chemical substance concentrations on the basis of the absorption of molecules on a Mil ⁇ obalken and thus also as
  • “Artificial ases” can be referred to. Further applications are microbeams which serve as actuators for optical micromirrors, the micromirrors serving, for example, as optical switches or as filters or the like. Further possible uses are microgrippers It is also known to produce porous silicon.
  • the semiconductor substrate which is provided in particular as a silicon substrate, is provided with a large number of pores in a fluoride-containing solution by means of an electrochemical wet etching process, so that porous silicon is formed in the region of the substrate in which the pores are located.
  • Porous silicon region or a region of porous substrate material is used as the sacrificial layer.
  • the functional layer is applied to the silicon substrate and then to undercut the substrate by electrochemical wet etching, the last process step being to dissolve the porous substrate area in dilute alkaline solution and thus the
  • the functional layer for example made of silicon, only in a second step.
  • other layers such as silicon nitride, metal or the like, can optionally be applied to the porous area and structured in order to, for example, generate a pretension in the functional layer, or also to integrate or integrate actuator or sensor elements in the functional layer to contact them.
  • the porous layer can optionally also be oxidized after it has been produced. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the functional layer is structured above the porous area in such a way that it takes on the desired shape, that is to say, for example, forms a bar which, after its later exposure, only or directly at defined points with the substrate is indirectly connected.
  • the sacrificial layer is dissolved or rearranged.
  • the dissolving or etching away of the porous layer can be etched away, for example, in dilute KOH solution or also using TMAH solution (tetramethylammonium hydroxide, (CH3) 4NOH).
  • TMAH solution tetramethylammonium hydroxide, (CH3) 4NOH.
  • the etching away of the porous area in hydrofluoric acid (HF) or BHF (buffered HF, buffered hydrofluoric acid) or by gas phase etching in a fluoride-containing environment can be removed.
  • silicon dioxide as the sacrificial layer is that porous silicon can be etched much deeper than would be possible with this material due to the thickness of thermal silicon oxide that can be produced. Furthermore, it is possible, especially in the event that the generation of the porous region, i.e. the sacrificial layer, occurs before the generation of the functional layer, that after the
  • the selectivity in the electrochemical porosification of silicon can also be brought about by local doping, as is customary in an integrated semiconductor process. This makes it possible for the process according to the invention, in particular when the functional layer is manufactured after the porous region has been manufactured, to be more easily embedded in the production process with integrated electronic circuits with a micromechanical component without special wafers, such as SOI wafers (silicon on insulator) ) are needed.
  • SOI wafers silicon on insulator
  • the porous area is produced first and then the functional layer, because this greatly simplifies the handling of the manufacturing process and furthermore does not require a wet chemical step after the functional layer has been produced, and furthermore also has advantageous structural effects.
  • the porous region result in generation after generation of the Funlctions slaughter the problem that 'form in the production of the porous region, which is an isotropic process step, "noses", which especially at the edge of free-standing structures, poorly defining their suspension.
  • a doped first region is produced in the substrate in which no pores form and that the porous region is subsequently produced. This makes it possible to obtain a structuring of the porous area in a simple manner.
  • the porous area below the functional layer can be dry-etched away. This simplifies the manufacturing process of the milcromechanical component. It is furthermore advantageous that the porous area comprises a first porous partial area and a second porous partial area, the second porous partial area having a higher porosity and a cavity being formed in the area of the second porous partial area by thermal treatment and a cover layer in the area of the first porous section remains. This makes it possible to subsequently expose the functional layer using a trench etching process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first manufacturing method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second production method according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a third production method according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a micromechanical component according to the third production method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the first production method according to the invention, exemplified for the production of a microbar for an atomic force microscope (AFM).
  • the atomic force milcroscope comprises a tip, which is shown in FIG. 1c and 1d with the Reference numeral 132 is provided, which is connected to a free-standing microbeam which is movable and can be moved within certain limits.
  • milcromechanical sensors such as, for example, drelate sensors or linear acceleration sensors, which have masses attached to spring elements in the functional layer, the deflections of which are changed as a function of external accelerations or rotation rates.
  • FIGS. 1 a to 1d each shows different process stages of the micromechanical component according to the invention in FIGS. 1 a to 1d, namely on the left side a sectional view through a substrate processed according to the first method according to the invention and on the right side a top view of such a processed substrate.
  • 1 a shows a semiconductor substrate 100 which has doped first regions 102 and in parts of its surface by means of a
  • the substrate 100 is, in particular, a positively doped silicon substrate 100, into which local negative dopings are introduced as doped first regions 102.
  • the substrate 100 is covered by means of the cover layer 110, which is provided, for example, as a nitride mask (Si 3 N 4 ). Covering the substrate 100 defines those locations which are to be porousized.
  • the semiconductor substrate 100 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1b after the creation of a porous region 106. This is generated by producing electrochemically porous silicon as a sacrificial layer in the region 106 in a fluoride-containing solution.
  • Typical layer thicknesses of this porous layer or this porous region 106 are between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the porous layer 106 or the porous region 106 can optionally also be oxidized further.
  • the nitride mask 110 can be removed in the same etching bath.
  • FIG. 1c shows the semiconductor substrate 100 according to the invention, on which the milcromechanical component according to the invention can already be seen.
  • the milcromechanical component according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that it has a functional layer which has free-standing areas which, for example, can move or can also be heated to certain temperatures.
  • the micromechanical component in its functional layer which is denoted in FIG. 1 by reference numeral 130, is at least partially free-standing.
  • the tip of a scanning lens microscope is described as a micromechanical component.
  • the functional layer 130 which consists for example of epitaxial or polycrystalline silicon, has a front free-standing area on which the tip is located
  • This functional layer 130 is produced such that the functional layer 130, in particular a crystalline or polycrystalline silicon, is deposited on the silicon substrate 100 and in particular on the porous area 106.
  • Further layers, which interact with the functional layer 130 can be formed with further ner processes known from semiconductor technology.
  • a silicon nitride layer is provided as a structured area with the reference numeral 140 in FIG.
  • an aluminum layer as a further structured area, which interacts with the functional layer 130 is applied to the component in a structured manner and is designated by the reference numeral 142.
  • the aluminum layer 142 is used, for example
  • the layers 140, 142 which interact with the functional layer 130 are provided according to the invention in particular as sensor elements or actuator elements which, for example, can bend the microbar, in particular with a pretension. Both the functional layer 130 and the layers 140, 142 interacting with it are generally also structured according to the invention in order to give them the desired shape.
  • the porous layer 106 or the porous region 106 is detached and the functional layer 130 is thus at least partially exposed.
  • FIG. 1d The result of this process is shown in FIG. 1d.
  • the porous area 106 is essentially completely removed, which is why the porous area 106 is also referred to as the sacrificial layer.
  • This detached area is designated by reference numeral 108 in FIG. 1d.
  • the functional layer 130 is exposed.
  • this can be done with dilute alkaline solution, for example using KOH or TMAH.
  • a fluoride-containing solution such as HF or BHF, is suitable.
  • dry etching methods such as reactive ion etching, can also be used with SF ⁇ (sulfur hexafluoride).
  • the functional layer 130 is partially exposed or detached from the bottom from the substrate 100, so that it is free.
  • a suitable prestressing it can bend out of the substrate plane, for example to serve as a spring bar for an atomic force microscope tip. This is shown in FIG.
  • Reference numeral 129 shown arrow.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative second production method according to the invention.
  • the substrate 100 and the first doped regions 102 are provided, which serve to delimit the porous region to be produced later.
  • the substrate 100 is also provided in the second method, in particular as a positively doped silicon substrate.
  • the first doped regions 102 are in turn also provided as regions of local negative doping.
  • the doped first regions 102 for delimiting the porous region it is also possible to use only one, also in FIG.
  • reference numeral 110 provided nitride mask as cover layer 110.
  • the doped first region 102 and / or the covering 110 defines the region which is to be porous. This area to be porosified is provided with a strong positive doping on its surface a few ⁇ m deep in the second manufacturing process. This creates the in Figure 2a with the
  • Reference area 103 provided area of the substrate 100, which, as mentioned, extends only a few ⁇ m deep into the substrate 100.
  • the strong positive doping of the region 103 is, for example, 10 19 cm "3.
  • the substrate 100 according to the invention is shown after the method step of producing the porous region.
  • the porous region is in the second according to the invention
  • Manufacturing method of the micromechanical component according to the invention is not provided - as shown in FIG. 1 - by means of a single uniform region 106, but the porous region is divided into a first porous partial region 103 and a second porous partial region 104 in the second inventive manufacturing method. Together, the two partial regions 103 , 104 also referred to below as porous region 106.
  • the first porous partial area 103 corresponds to the area of the superficial, highly positive doping of the silicon substrate 100, which is also shown in FIG. 2a with the reference number 103.
  • electrochemically porous silicon is used as the sacrificial layer in a fluoride-containing solution produced, with typical layer thicknesses of the entire porous region 106 in turn lying between 1 ⁇ m and several 100 ⁇ m. Due to the etching properties of porous silicon, the layer 103 with a higher positive doping, that is to say the first porous partial region 103, has a lower porosity than the second porous one Partial region 104, which is located in the region of the substrate 100 which is less strongly positively doped. A similar or reinforcing effect can. In addition to the different doping of the substrate regions 103, 104, this can also be caused by a change in the current strength or current density during the porosification.
  • the porous silicon has a higher porosity than in the first sub-area 103.
  • the porous layers 103, 104 can also optionally be oxidized.
  • the nitride mask 110 as a cover layer 110 can also be removed in the process of producing the porous layers 103, 104.
  • the porous partial layers of the porous layer are provided in the second manufacturing process
  • the highly porous layer is broken down in the second porous sub-region 104, provided that it still exists - if an electropolishing step was not used.
  • the area of the second porous partial layer 104 is converted into a cavity or into a cavern during this rearrangement and is provided with the reference symbol 107 in FIG. 2c.
  • the upper, less porous or less porous layer 104 which is also referred to as the first porous partial region 103, is converted into a cover layer 105 during this rearrangement.
  • the pores of the cover layer 105 are in particular largely closed.
  • the functional layer 130 is applied and structured in a manner similar to that described in FIG. 1.
  • the functional layer 130 is again either an epitaxial layer or a polycrystalline layer, in particular made of silicon.
  • the " functional layer 130 or the layers 140; 142 interacting with it are structured, similarly as described in FIG. 1, in order to give them the desired shape. This can preferably be done by a dry etching method, such as reactive ion etching with S7 6 .
  • the function layer 130 is detached from the substrate 100 and thus exposed, so that it is free, by etching, in particular by trench etching, of the functional layer and the top layer 105. Suitable pretensioning of the functional layer 130 can bend it out of the substrate plane, for example to serve as a cantilever for an atomic force microscope.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third manufacturing method according to the invention.
  • it is provided in the third production method to first produce the functional layer 130 and then to produce the region of the porous silicon. This has the disadvantage that after the generation of the functional layer 130 a wet chemical one
  • FIG. 3a shows a substrate 100 by means of a superficial layer 101 made of thermal silicon.
  • the substrate 100 is in particular a silicon substrate.
  • the functional layer 130 is provided above the thermal silicon oxide layer, which is subsequently st-ulctured, which is indicated in FIG.
  • FIG. 3d the area of the porous silicon 106 is removed from FIG. 3c by means of a wet chemical process and the exposed area is created, which is also designated in FIG. 3 by the reference symbol 108. This area has undercut areas below the functional layer 130, which are provided with the reference symbol 135 in FIG. 3d.
  • FIG. 4 shows the result of the production of a micromechanical component according to the invention in accordance with the third invention Manufacturing process, as shown in Figure 3, shown.
  • the functional layer 130 is provided on the substrate 100, as is the etched-out region 108, in which the porous silicon layer 106 was previously located, which was used as a sacrificial layer for producing the component according to the invention.
  • the functional layer 130 has a free-standing milk bar, which is designated by the reference symbol 131 in the free-standing area.
  • a cut line AA is shown by the micromechanical component according to the invention, along which the cross sections shown in FIG. 3 are provided.
  • the undercut area 135, the recess 108 can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • the production of the porous silicon area 106 is largely an isotropic process, so-called noses are formed below the free-standing structure, which are provided with the reference number 136 in FIG. This is the case according to the invention because the porous region 106 is produced after the function layer 130 has been produced. In the area of the lugs 136, the free-standing structure is less well defined than if the transition between the area of the functional layer 130 connected to the substrate 100 and the free-standing area 131 of the functional layer 130 were straight and defined.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un composant micromécanique et un procédé de fabrication. Selon l'invention, du silicium poreux (106) sert de couche sacrificielle et une couche fonctionnelle (130) est libérée par décapage à l'acide de la couche sacrificielle.
EP03717116A 2002-09-26 2003-02-27 Procede et composant micromecanique Withdrawn EP1546027A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10244785 2002-09-26
DE10244785A DE10244785A1 (de) 2002-09-26 2002-09-26 Verfahren und mikromechanisches Bauelement
PCT/DE2003/000630 WO2004028956A2 (fr) 2002-09-26 2003-02-27 Procede et composant micromecanique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1546027A2 true EP1546027A2 (fr) 2005-06-29

Family

ID=31984076

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03717116A Withdrawn EP1546027A2 (fr) 2002-09-26 2003-02-27 Procede et composant micromecanique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20060037932A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1546027A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006500232A (fr)
DE (1) DE10244785A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004028956A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10244786A1 (de) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mikromechanisches Bauelement und Verfahren
DE60320391D1 (de) * 2003-07-04 2008-05-29 St Microelectronics Srl Herstellungsverfahren für eine Halbleitervorrichtung mit einem hängenden Mikrosystem und entsprechende Vorrichtung
DE102006023768A1 (de) * 2006-05-20 2007-11-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Mikrogreifer
US20080277332A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-13 Becton, Dickinson And Company Micromachined membrane filter device for a glaucoma implant and method for making the same
CN104766794A (zh) * 2014-01-02 2015-07-08 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 一种碲化铋基材料的干法刻蚀方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4331798B4 (de) * 1993-09-18 2004-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von mikromechanischen Bauelementen
JP3305516B2 (ja) * 1994-10-31 2002-07-22 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 静電容量式加速度センサ及びその製造方法
EP0895276A1 (fr) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-03 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. Procédé de fabrication de microstructures intégrées de matériau semi-conducteur en couches monocristallines
DE69817518D1 (de) * 1997-07-10 2003-10-02 St Microelectronics Srl Verfahren zur Herstellung einer integrieten Schaltungsstruktur durch Entfernung einer Opferschicht
EP1088785A1 (fr) * 1999-09-10 2001-04-04 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne Procédé de fabrication d'une microstructure intégrée suspendue tridimensionnelle, microstructure intégrée notamment obtenue par ce procédé et élément optique intégré réglable
DE10064494A1 (de) * 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbleiterbauelements sowie ein nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Halbleiterbauelement, wobei das Halbleiterbauelement insbesondere eine bewegliche Masse aufweist

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004028956A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2006500232A (ja) 2006-01-05
WO2004028956A2 (fr) 2004-04-08
US20060037932A1 (en) 2006-02-23
DE10244785A1 (de) 2004-04-08
WO2004028956A3 (fr) 2004-12-23

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