EP1541539A2 - Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung - Google Patents
Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1541539A2 EP1541539A2 EP04027941A EP04027941A EP1541539A2 EP 1541539 A2 EP1541539 A2 EP 1541539A2 EP 04027941 A EP04027941 A EP 04027941A EP 04027941 A EP04027941 A EP 04027941A EP 1541539 A2 EP1541539 A2 EP 1541539A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pyrotechnic
- radiation
- fuel
- kit according
- oxidizing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pyrotechnic composition for generating IR radiation.
- Missiles such as air-to-air and ground-air guided missile used, which the from the engine of the target emanating infrared (IR) radiation, primarily in the Range between 0.8 and 5 microns, with the help of one sensitive to IR radiation Aim and follow seeker's head.
- Fig. 1 shows the typical spectral Intensity distribution of a jet aircraft.
- decoys flares
- Such decoys can also be used preventively to the Capture goals by lowering the contrast of the scene complicate or even prevent.
- the first IR-guided guided missiles used seekers with Detectors, e.g. PbS, which broadband the entire radiation in the area between 0.8 and 2.9 ⁇ m. For this reason, such equipped Missile missiles also only in the so-called tail chase mode, i. from behind, attack, because only the hot jet tube plates of the engine, which only visible from the rear, significant radiation components in the range between Deliver 0.8 and 2.9 microns.
- Detectors e.g. PbS
- the spectral range of the detectors could be extended to the long wavelength range and the quantum efficiency of the detectors could be significantly increased , With such detectors, the selective emissions of the hot engine exhaust CO and CO 2 in the range between 3 and 5 microns can now be detected.
- a typical system for the emission of continuum radiation or black body radiation is a pyrotechnic set of magnesium, poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon®) and vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoroisoprene copolymer (Viton @), also called MTV.
- Fig. 2 shows the typical spectral intensity distribution such a composite MTV decoy.
- the MTV decoys can be a defense against Guided missiles with seekers, which show the relative radiation levels in different areas of the infrared spectrum, not ensure that the selective radiation components in the burning of the pyrotechnic MTV set are weaker in intensity than in real targets.
- US Pat. No. 5,834,680 teaches that actives are effective Magnesium, ammonium perchlorate and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) very selectively emit radiation in the mid-infrared range.
- Fig. 3 shows the typical spectral intensity distribution of these mixtures according to this US patent.
- GB-A-2,354,060 discloses various pyrotechnic sets which leads to a selective emission in the mid-infrared range should lead.
- These systems contain potassium perchlorate and potassium benzoate or another organic fuel such as e.g. Lactose, sucrose, starch, and a binder from the group of substances Viton @, dextrin, Polybutyl rubber or energetic binders such as GAP (glycidyl azide polymer).
- binders are based on Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) or Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) proposed.
- Fig. 4 shows the typical spectral Intensity distribution of a sentence based on GB-A-2,354,060.
- GB-A-2,354,060 teaches the use of pyrotechnic kits based on potassium nitrate / boron, potassium nitrate / silicon and potassium nitrate / boron / silicon with various binders.
- the selective infrared emission of the above sets is due to the predominant formation of carbon monoxide / carbon dioxide upon combustion of the organic fuels, which are excited by the high reaction temperatures of the thermally induced selective mid-infrared emission systems.
- the low flame temperature in turn is the result of the use of Fuels with strongly negative formation enthalpies due to partially oxidized Carbon skeletons, ie carbon skeletons with ethers and carbonyl groups.
- magnesium gives off a very selective UV radiation during burnup [2], which is now used by seekers as a criterion for discriminating decoys [3].
- pyrotechnic systems composed of metals such as Mg and hydrocarbons are the inherent redox equilibria Mg + CO ⁇ MgO + CO Mg + CO ⁇ MgO + C ( gr )
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a pyrotechnic composition with a high specific charisma and hardly any continuum radiation provided.
- the pyrotechnic composition for generating IR radiation contains as fuel an aliphatic, olefinic or aromatic cyano compound of the general formula C n H m (CN) x .
- Such a fuel is characterized by a very weak continuum, but its CO emission band is of very high intensity.
- Oxidizing agent is an inorganic oxidizing agent from the group of Perchlorates, preferably lithium perchlorate or potassium perchlorate.
- the preferred composition of the pyrotechnic composition contains approximately 10-40 wt% fuel, about 55-85 wt% oxidizer, and about 1.5-5 Wt .-% binder.
- an organic binder selected from the group consisting of hexafluoroisoprene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer and novolac included.
- the invention is based on the considerations described below.
- a spectrally adjusted effective mass of a pyrotechnic composition which can be used as a decoy against guided missiles, when burned, either CO / CO 2 or provide substances that emit at least the same efficiency as CO in the mid-infrared range.
- a carbon-rich but oxygen-free compound which forms large amounts of CO during combustion, and surprisingly does not tend to form soot is the dicyan (CN) 2 [4] which is also referred to in the English language as cyanogen.
- CN dicyan
- Premixed cyanogen / oxygen mixtures produce flame temperatures of up to 4,800 K in laminar flames, since the primary oxidation products CO and N 2 are still dissociation-stable in this temperature range.
- the (CN) 2 / O 2 flame Due to the primary reaction products CO and N 2 , the (CN) 2 / O 2 flame is only characterized by a very weak continuum. At the same time, however, the CO emission band is of very high intensity. It is therefore desirable to have a fuel which has similar chemical properties to cyanogen, but is stable for ammunition (-54 ° C to + 70 ° C) in the typical application and storage temperature range.
- cyano compounds according to the invention are pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid dinitrile C 5 H 3 N (CN) 2 , pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid dinitrile C 4 H 2 N 2 (CN) 2 , 2,4,6-tricyano triazine C 3 N 3 (CN) 3 , 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinolime C 6 H 4 (C (CN) 2 ) 2 and dinitrobenzodicarboxylic acid dinitrile C 6 H 2 (NO 2 ) 2 ( CN) 2 .
- Fig. 5 shows the achievable flame temperatures and the percentages of the primary reaction products are more ideal Mixtures of potassium perchlorate with various organic Cyano compounds (Nos. 1-10). For comparison, other organic Compounds for the fuel (Nos. 11-19) in the table given in conventional decoys are used.
- the molar fuel / oxidizer ratio F / O is for all in the table of Fig. 5 specified systems adjusted so that the maximum CO formation is reached.
- the high flame temperature and the high CO content now ensure a high selective emission in the range between 3-5 ⁇ m.
- Another important criterion for assessing the spectral emittance is the proportion of hydrogen and water and the proportion of condensed products contributing to the continuum radiation. While the hydrogen content in the burnup of the organic comparison substances (11-19) is between 0-47%, this proportion is only in the range of 0-15% in the case of the fuel mixtures (1-10) according to the invention.
- the nitrogen formed as a result of the cyano group oxidation acts as a flame expander, which serves to increase the radiative area.
- the N 2 content in the fuels according to the invention is between 7 and 28%, while the other organic fuels, with the exception of (11) and (13), do not give any nitrogen at all.
- the fuel compounds according to the invention are also distinguished by the absence of primary condensed reaction products. So is the proportion of condensed reaction products in the other organic fuels z.T. up to 20%.
- Particularly preferred embodiments of pyrotechnic sets according to the Present invention are a set of tetracyanoethylene and Potassium perchlorate with binder B-14; a set of phthalonitrile and Potassium perchlorate with binder B-14; and a sentence from hexacyanobenzene and Potassium perchlorate with B-14 binder
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(h.v = elektromagnetische Strahlung)
- [1]
- P. Ase, A. Snelson, "Controlled Infrared Output for IRCM Flares", Proceedings of the 22nd International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Fort Collins, Colorado, 15.-19. Juli 1996, Seiten 711-716.
- [2]
- E. Roth, Y. Plitzko, V. Weiser, W. Eckl, H.. Poth, M. Klemenz, "Emissionsspektren brennender Metalle", Proceedings of the 32nd International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, 3.-6. Juli 2001, Seite 163.
- [3]
- US-Patent Nr. 5,472,533.
- [4]
- A.G. Gaydon, H.G. Wolfhard, "Flames", Chapman and Hall, London, 1979, Seite 197.
- [5]
- http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry.
- [6]
- A.M. Dean, J.W. Bozzelli, "Combustion Chemistry of Nitrogen" in W.C. Gardiner (Ed.) "Gas-Phase Combustion Chemistry", Springer-Verlag, 1999, Seite 266.
Claims (6)
- Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Brennstoff eine aliphatische, olefinische oder aromatische Cyanverbindung der allgemeinen Formel CnHm(CN)x enthalten ist. - Pyrotechnischer Satz nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Phthalsäuredinitril C6H4(CN)2, Benzol-1,2,4,5-tetracarbonsäure-tetranitril C6H2(CN)4, Benzol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarbonsäure-hexanitril C6(CN)6, Tetracyanoethylen (CN)2C=C(CN)2, Poly(kohlenstoffcyanid) (-C(CN)-)n, Pyridin-2,6-dicarbonsäure-dinitril C5H3N(CN)2, Pyrazin-2,3-dicarbonsäuredinitril C4H2N2(CN)2, 2,4,6-Tricyanotriazin C3N3(CN)3, 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanochino-dimethan C6H4(C(CN)2)2 und Dinitrobenzo-dicarbonsäure-dinitril C6H2(NO2)2(CN)2. - Pyrotechnischer Satz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Oxidationsmittel ein anorganisches Oxidationsmittel aus der Gruppe der Perchlorate enthalten ist. - Pyrotechnischer Satz nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das anorganische Oxidationsmittel Lithiumperchlorat oder Kaliumperchlorat ist. - Pyrotechnischer Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 10-40 Gew.-% Brennstoff, 55-85 Gew.-% Oxidationsmittel und 1,5-5 Gew.-% Binder enthalten sind. - Pyrotechnischer Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein organischer Binder aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hexafluorisopren-Vinylidenfluorid-Copolymer und Novolack enthalten ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10355507 | 2003-11-27 | ||
| DE10355507A DE10355507A1 (de) | 2003-11-27 | 2003-11-27 | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1541539A2 true EP1541539A2 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
| EP1541539A3 EP1541539A3 (de) | 2012-10-17 |
| EP1541539B1 EP1541539B1 (de) | 2017-09-20 |
Family
ID=34485240
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04027941.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1541539B1 (de) | 2003-11-27 | 2004-11-25 | Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1541539B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10355507A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2530065A3 (de) * | 2011-06-03 | 2017-08-30 | Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG | Hochleistungswirkmasse für ein beim Abbrand spektral strahlendes Infrarotscheinziel |
| EP2530064A3 (de) * | 2011-06-03 | 2017-09-13 | Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG | Wirkmasse für ein beim Abbrand spektral strahlendes Infrarotscheinziel mit Raumwirkung |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004043991C5 (de) * | 2004-09-11 | 2015-11-05 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Infrarot-Täuschkörper und seine Verwendung |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3017301A (en) * | 1959-03-27 | 1962-01-16 | Du Pont | Propellant compositions containing a polycyano fuel component |
| US3399088A (en) * | 1966-04-21 | 1968-08-27 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Room temperature cured solid propellant |
| FR2316204A1 (fr) * | 1975-07-03 | 1977-01-28 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Une composition pyrotechnique eclairante generatrice de gaz |
| US4131499A (en) * | 1976-09-07 | 1978-12-26 | Thiokol Corporation | Low smoke propellant |
| US4499723A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1985-02-19 | Rockwell International Corporation | Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine and method of preparation thereof |
| US5056435A (en) * | 1989-11-29 | 1991-10-15 | Jones Leon L | Infrared illuminant and pressing method |
| DE69330887T2 (de) * | 1992-07-15 | 2002-03-28 | Cordant Technologies Inc., Ogden | Komprimierbare infrarot-beleuchtungszusammensetzungen |
| US6364975B1 (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 2002-04-02 | Universal Propulsion Co., Inc. | Ammonium nitrate propellants |
| US6427599B1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2002-08-06 | Bae Systems Integrated Defense Solutions Inc. | Pyrotechnic compositions and uses therefore |
| US6214139B1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2001-04-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Low-smoke pyrotechnic compositions |
-
2003
- 2003-11-27 DE DE10355507A patent/DE10355507A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-11-25 EP EP04027941.6A patent/EP1541539B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2530065A3 (de) * | 2011-06-03 | 2017-08-30 | Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG | Hochleistungswirkmasse für ein beim Abbrand spektral strahlendes Infrarotscheinziel |
| EP2530064A3 (de) * | 2011-06-03 | 2017-09-13 | Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG | Wirkmasse für ein beim Abbrand spektral strahlendes Infrarotscheinziel mit Raumwirkung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1541539A3 (de) | 2012-10-17 |
| DE10355507A1 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
| EP1541539B1 (de) | 2017-09-20 |
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