EP1525426A1 - Appareil a microstructure destine a chauffer un fluide - Google Patents

Appareil a microstructure destine a chauffer un fluide

Info

Publication number
EP1525426A1
EP1525426A1 EP03766245A EP03766245A EP1525426A1 EP 1525426 A1 EP1525426 A1 EP 1525426A1 EP 03766245 A EP03766245 A EP 03766245A EP 03766245 A EP03766245 A EP 03766245A EP 1525426 A1 EP1525426 A1 EP 1525426A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microstructure
outer tube
tube
microstructure apparatus
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03766245A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1525426B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Schubert
Jürgen Brandner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Publication of EP1525426A1 publication Critical patent/EP1525426A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1525426B1 publication Critical patent/EP1525426B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/026—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled and formed by bent members, e.g. plates, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2230/00—Sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microstructure apparatus for heating fluids according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Microstructure devices for heating fluids of the type mentioned at the outset are used in particular for the position-independent, recondensation-free evaporation of liquids on the one hand and for continuous heating, in particular of gases. Chemical or pharmaceutical process and process engineering of all kinds are preferred areas of application.
  • microstructure devices offer the advantage of short heat transfer paths and a large specific heat transfer surface, which means that a significant increase in volume-specific heat transfer performance can be expected and is also feasible.
  • microstructure apparatuses with both direct and indirect electrical resistance heating for heating fluids.
  • the microstructure apparatus is built up in layers with layers with microchannels for the passage of a fluid to be heated and layers with an electrical heater.
  • an increase in volume-specific heat transfer performance by at least a factor of 100 is specified.
  • several heating elements with small dimensions in the micro range are required for the proposed microstructure apparatus.
  • an increasing number of these must also be used with the throughput Heating elements are used, the performance of which add up.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a microstructure apparatus for heating fluids which is distinguished by simple heating elements and, moreover, does not have the disadvantages mentioned for a design for larger fluid throughputs.
  • the microstructure apparatus has a basic structure in which microchannels are arranged around a central heating.
  • a fluid is passed through the microchannels and heated in them by the heater.
  • a more macroscopic heating element has its operational advantages compared to several micro-heating elements, e.g. its comparatively simple handling or cost and benefit advantages, combined with a microstructure with the above-mentioned basic efficiency advantages in the transfer of heat to a fluid.
  • the materials from which the microstructure apparatus "is produced are primarily determined by the intended use. In principle, all materials, ie ceramics or other inorganic non-metal materials, metals, plastics, or. Combinations or composites of these materials are suitable.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional illustration of an embodiment with inflow and outflow for a fluid, which start at the same height opposite one another on the outer surface of the outer tube, and
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a further embodiment with three intermediate tubes between the inner and outer tubes.
  • the first embodiment consists of an inner tube 1 with an outer surface or another body with preferably a cylindrical outer surface, an outer tube 2 arranged concentrically around this with an inner surface, sealing connections 3 between the inner and outer tubes and connections 4 for a fluid, which start in the region of the ends of the outer tube, and a microstructure 5, which completely fills a volume between the inner and outer tube to form at least one spiral channel and seals the inner and outer tube.
  • the microstructure is essentially enclosed by the inner and outer tube, the inner and outer tube ideally touching each other fluid-tight on the common contact surfaces.
  • the microstructure 5 is worked into the inner surface of the outer tube as an internal thread, the threads forming a channel connecting the two connections ' 4 to one another. Basically, it must be ensured that the remaining areas of the cylindrical inner surface of the outer tube with a diameter lie sealingly on the outer surface of the inner tube in accordance with the core diameter of the thread.
  • the sealing connections 3 between the inner and outer tubes are sufficiently chemically, mechanically and thermally resistant ring seals.
  • ring cover or a corresponding sealing design of the two pipes in this area for example as a cylindrical See or conical fits or adhesive or soldered connections are within the scope of the invention.
  • the inner tube or said body is part of a heater, directly or indirectly.
  • the pipe or body is an integral component of the heater, for example a resistance heating element.
  • the tube or body serves as a heat conductor between a separate heater and the fluid to be heated.
  • heaters as separate components, which are arranged in the inner tube or are adapted to the body. Electrical resistance heating elements in particular appear to be suitable as heating.
  • An alternative to this are heating media that are passed through the inner tube and emit a quantity of heat to this.
  • Fig. 1 b shows a second embodiment, which differs in its basic structure from the first embodiment (Fig. 1 a) only in that the microstructure 5 is incorporated as an external thread in the outer surface of the inner tube 1 (or a cylindrical body) and is covered in its entire extent by the outer tube with a smooth inner surface.
  • the two connections 4 are inserted or machined into the outer tube " 4, but here they have to be aligned exactly via the channel of the microstructure 5. If the fit between the inner and outer tubes is designed accordingly, their contact surface is sealing, with which the sealing connections 3 in the end regions of the outer tube can be dispensed with.
  • a third embodiment according to FIG. 1 c one of the two
  • both connections are formed by an unlocked runout of the thread-shaped channels at both ends of the outer tube.
  • Such an embodiment can be miniaturized in a particularly advantageous manner, since both separate connections and the sealing connections would be eliminated from the outset.
  • Such an embodiment could also be used as a continuous flow heater in a bore between two separate fluid volumes. Since no loss of fluid can occur in the event of such a use in the event of leakage, the requirement for a sealing connection between the inner and outer tube would not be so imperative.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional illustration of a further embodiment (cf. FIG. 1 a), which is structurally, but not in the mode of operation, similar to that of the first embodiment. It also essentially consists of an inner tube 1 and an outer tube 2 with a microstructure 5 incorporated in the inner surface, two connections 4 and the two sealing connections 3.
  • the two connections 4 on the outer tube 2 are opposite, preferably in the Angle 180 ° to each other, but used or formed axially at the same height. They each open axially into the inner surface of the outer ßrohrs 2 incorporated groove 6, which connect the channels of the microstructure with each other.
  • a fluid to be heated is first introduced into the associated groove from one of the two connections 4, from there it reaches one of the channels of the microstructure 5 connected in parallel, from there via the opposite second groove into the second connection 4 serving as a drain Application, it is appropriate to combine a connection 4 and a groove 6 to form a connection that spans the microstructure 5 axially.
  • FIG. 3 A further embodiment of the microstructure apparatus is shown in FIG. 3. Compared to all the previous embodiments, this differs in that one or more intermediate tubes 7 are inserted between the inner tube 1 (or the cylindrical body) and the outer tube 2 concentrically with these. All inner and outer surfaces form a fit to the respective adjacent tube surfaces, which, as in the previous exemplary embodiments, must be designed to be sealed except for the aforementioned exceptional cases.
  • the microstructure apparatus has, for example, three intermediate tubes 7, each with its own microstructure 5, forming at least one thread-shaped channel and one respective fluid connection 8 bridging the intermediate tube wall to the microstructure of the adjacent intermediate, inner or outer tube. All of the microstructures 5 with the connections 7 are fluidly connected in series to form a microstructure chain.
  • the connections 4 shown in FIG. 3 are each connected to the ends of this microstructure chain, the preferred direction of flow from the outer to the inner microstructures, i. • h. runs against a prevailing temperature gradient in the microstructure apparatus.
  • the microstructure 5 or the microstructure chain can be tapped at any point via additional connections. To this extent, fluid quantities with an intermediate temperature can be removed or introduced. Possible applications for this are primarily in chemical process engineering, in which certain reagents or catalyst fluids for chemical reactions in a narrow temperature range to initiate or to tap small amounts of fluid with a certain temperature or a temperature profile, for example for an analysis.
  • the microstructure apparatus can be designed as a chemical micro-reactor. Depending on the use, one or more reaction spaces, ie one or more local cross-sectional widenings of the channels between the connections 4, are provided in the microstructure 5 or microstructure chain. Furthermore, it is possible to manufacture the entire microstructure apparatus or parts thereof, for example the inner, intermediate or outer tube, from a catalytically active material or to coat the microstructure 5 on the contact surfaces with the fluid with a catalyst material. A further increase in the volume-specific heat transfer performance is achieved by increasing the volume-specific heat transfer surfaces, in the microstructure 5, for example with a porous coating or by roughened heat transfer surfaces, this porous coating likewise consisting of a catalyst and the roughened heat transfer surfaces consisting or coated with a catalyst. In addition, to prevent corrosion and cavitation, the heat transfer surfaces can be covered with a protective layer, for example made of chemically resistant plastics or metals, or with a wear protection layer made of chemically or physically applied metals, hard materials or ceramics.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
EP03766245A 2002-07-26 2003-07-22 Appareil a microstructure destiné a chauffer et pulvériser un fluide Expired - Lifetime EP1525426B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10234043A DE10234043A1 (de) 2002-07-26 2002-07-26 Mikrostrukturapparat zum Erhitzen eines Fluids
DE10234043 2002-07-26
PCT/EP2003/007954 WO2004013556A1 (fr) 2002-07-26 2003-07-22 Appareil a microstructure destine a chauffer un fluide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1525426A1 true EP1525426A1 (fr) 2005-04-27
EP1525426B1 EP1525426B1 (fr) 2011-11-02

Family

ID=30010396

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03766245A Expired - Lifetime EP1525426B1 (fr) 2002-07-26 2003-07-22 Appareil a microstructure destiné a chauffer et pulvériser un fluide

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US20050061495A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1525426B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE532022T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10234043A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004013556A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10234043A1 (de) 2004-02-05
WO2004013556A1 (fr) 2004-02-12
US20050061495A1 (en) 2005-03-24
US7756404B2 (en) 2010-07-13
ATE532022T1 (de) 2011-11-15
EP1525426B1 (fr) 2011-11-02
US20080089676A1 (en) 2008-04-17

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