Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
  • B60J10/00—Sealing arrangements
  • B60J10/15—Sealing arrangements characterised by the material
  • B60J10/16—Sealing arrangements characterised by the material consisting of two or more plastic materials having different physical or chemical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
  • B60J10/00—Sealing arrangements
  • B60J10/50—Sealing arrangements characterised by means for prevention or reduction of noise, e.g. of rattling or vibration of windows
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
  • B60J10/00—Sealing arrangements
  • B60J10/70—Sealing arrangements specially adapted for windows or windscreens
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
  • Y10T428/249982—With component specified as adhesive or bonding agent
  • Y10T428/249985—Composition of adhesive or bonding component specified
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
  • Y10T428/2848—Three or more layers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a profile intended to be interposed between two elements to achieve the acoustic attenuation of noise propagating through at least one of the elements, the profile consisting of at least one damping material i based on plastic material. .
• Such a profile can in particular be used for vehicle glazing, in particular automotive glazing, in order to improve acoustic comfort.
• the standard deviation ⁇ of the differences in its sound reduction index compared to the reference index remains less than 4 dB.
• the thicknesses of the two glasses can be identical and equal to 2.2 mm. This patent thus proposes a general solution to the problem of acoustic isolation from aerodynamic noise of a vehicle.
• each mode is associated with a vibration frequency.
• the amplitude of the vibration depends on the initial excitation, that is to say on the spectral component of the shock (amplitude of the shock at the frequency studied) and on the impact impact zone, the modal deformation being more or less important depending on whether the shock occurs to a belly or a vibration node.
• the first condition is also fulfilled and, for a bar free at its ends, for example, it is enough to type at one of the ends to excite all the modes.
• Solidary excitation is peripheral and it has been demonstrated that at certain frequencies of vibration of the engine, that is to say at certain speeds of rotation of the engine, the windows and the passenger compartment of the vehicle each had a mode. vibration, the coupling of which amplified the buzzing, resulting from the radiation of the noises coming in this case from the engine, by the glazing.
• the speed of rotation of the engine causing these phenomena is specific to each type of vehicle and cannot therefore be generalized to a single value.
• patent EP 0 844 075 proposes laminated glazing comprising at least one interlayer film having qualities for damping audible sounds. of solid origin of very satisfactory since having a loss factor tan ⁇ greater than 0.6 and a shear modulus G 'less than 2.10 7 N / m 2 , in a temperature range between 10 and 60 ° C.
• the profile described which is a coextruded bead is intended to be crushed between the glazing and the bodywork but this method of application by crushing linked to the materials constituting the profile does not guarantee the desired final dimensional shape.
• the preservation of the dimensions of the profile after fixing the glazing to the body by means of said profile is essential in the damping performance that the profile must play as we will see in the description of the invention.
• the pasty material internal to the body of the profile remains soft and its confinement after crushing the coextruded bead against the bodywork element is not guaranteed, because the body of the profile made of the material of bonding is also pasty before crosslinking, which creates the risk of the internal pasty material spreading beyond the body of the profile when the bead is deposited.
• the invention therefore aims to provide as acoustic damping solution, especially for motor vehicle glazing, a profile not having the drawbacks of the prior art.
• the profile is characterized in that it has an equivalent real linear stiffness K ′ eq at least equal to 25 MPa, and an equivalent loss factor tan ⁇ eq at least equal to 0.25.
• the stiffness is a quantity which connects the deformations of the profile to the forces which are applied to it.
• the stiffness is defined by the rigidity of the materials constituting the profile and by the geometry of the profile, the stiffness being a quantity characteristic of the material which is a function of the Young's modulus and / or of the shear modulus.
• the formulas given for calculations will be linked only to the Young's modulus, the shear modulus will not be taken into account, the stresses and deformations in tension-compression linked to the Young's modulus being sufficiently representative .
• the profile has an effective real linear stiffness K ′ eq of between 30 MPa and 270 Mpa and an equivalent loss factor tan ⁇ eq at least equal to 0.4.
• the profile is made of a single damping material or of several damping materials, the damping material or materials being able to exhibit bonding properties with the two elements.
• the profile consists of at least one damping material and a non-damping bonding material, the bonding material being intended to join the two elements together.
• the bonding material adheres by two opposite faces respectively to the two elements, the damping material being made integral with at least one of the two elements.
• the bonding material adheres by one of its faces to the damping material which is made integral with one of the elements, and adheres by its face opposite to the other element to be associated.
• the profile comprises several damping materials arranged by stacking in layers one above the other, each of the materials at the ends of the stack being made integral with one of the two elements to be combined or the bonding material .
• the profile comprises several damping materials arranged by juxtaposition one next to the other, abutted or not, each of the materials having two opposite surfaces made respectively integral with the two elements to be associated.
• the profile comprises several damping materials arranged by stacking and juxtaposition, at least one or two materials constituting in part this combination being made integral with the two elements to be combined.
• the profile when the profile also includes the bonding material, the latter can be arranged by stacking and / or juxtaposition with the damping material or materials.
• the non-damping bonding material is for example a polyurethane mastic having a Young's modulus E 'equal to 21 MPa and a loss factor tan ⁇ equal to 0.2.
• the damping material or materials, between them or with the bonding material are separated by an air space.
• the damping material or materials are chosen from the following plastics, polyvinyl chloride plasticized or not, thermoplastic elastomers, polyurethanes mono or bicomponents, modified or not by an elastomer such as polyolefins, EPDM (ethylene-propylene- diene), or rubber, in particular butyl rubber, or nitria rubber, or alternatively styrene-butadiene, polyacrylate or polymethacrylate copolymers of alkyls and epoxy resins.
• plastics polyvinyl chloride plasticized or not, thermoplastic elastomers, polyurethanes mono or bicomponents, modified or not by an elastomer such as polyolefins, EPDM (ethylene-propylene- diene), or rubber, in particular butyl rubber, or nitria rubber, or alternatively styrene-butadiene, polyacrylate or polymethacrylate copolymers of alkyls and epoxy resin
• the damping material is a single-component polyurethane whose percentage of NCO of is between 0.5 and 2% and comprising
• MDI diphenylmethanediisocyanate type
• At least one catalyst (preferably between 0.5 and 3 g),
• a filler of molecular sieve type preferably between 20 and 60 g
• the damping material is a polyurethane pre-polymer, the percentage of NCO of between
• the material comprising:
• At least one polyetherpolyol of functionality equal to two, having an iOH index of between 25 and 35, a transition temperature Tg of less than -50 ° C, of molecular weight between 3500 and 4500;
• At least one polyester polyol of functionality equal to two, having an iOH index of between 20 and 40, a transition temperature Tg of between -40 and -20 ° C;
• At least one polyester polyol of functionality equal to two, having an iOH index between 30 and 90, a transition temperature Tg between 0 and 30 ° C and a softening point between 50 and 70 ° C;
• MDI diphenylmethanediisocyanate
• - optionally a molecular sieve type filler; optionally a chalk, kaolin, talc, alumina, carbon black, or graphite type filler.
• the profile has at 20 ° C with such a composition, under a reference section of 15mm in width and 3mm in thickness, an equivalent real linear stiffness equal to 120 MPa and an equivalent loss factor equal to 0.75.
• the profile is applied to at least one of the elements by an extrusion process, and / or encapsulation, and / or transfer from a molding, and / or injection molding.
• the profile may have a uniform section or not over all or part of its length.
• the profile is therefore interposed between two elements which can be of the metal-metal, glass-glass, metal-plastic, glass-plastic, or plastic-plastic type.
• the profile can be interposed between a glass substrate and a metallic element so as to be used to fix the substrate to the metallic element.
• the profile In particular in its use in a glazing of a motor vehicle when it is arranged between the glazing and the bodywork, the profile generates for the glazing improved acoustic damping performance, and especially with respect to noises of solid origin, it that is to say for low frequencies, of the order of 50 to 300 Hz.
• the inventors have also been able to observe that the performances could even be achieved for noises from 300 to 1000 Hz, called dirty noises, in particular for noises. laminated glazing.
• this profile can also achieve acoustic damping of aerodynamic noise, that is to say for frequencies greater than 1000 Hz, however when the glazing is more particularly monolithic, that is to say - say consisting of a single sheet of glass.
• the profile of the invention can therefore be used for glazing, in particular for a motor vehicle.
• the glazing may consist of a monolithic glass, a laminated glass or a laminated glass called "acoustic", that is to say incorporating a plastic film having acoustic properties.
• the invention defines a method for evaluating the acoustic damping properties of a profile intended to be inserted between two elements made up of at least one damping material i, characterized in that it consists in evaluating the linear stiffness real equivalent K ' eq of the profile and the equivalent loss factor tan ⁇ eq , the profile having acoustic damping properties when the equivalent real linear stiffness is at least equal to 25 MPa and the equivalent loss factor is at least equal to 0 25.
• Figures 2a to 2d illustrate views in partial section of two associated elements by means of a profile according to variants of a second embodiment of the profile, the profile being made of a stack of materials;
• Figures 3a to 3d illustrate views in partial section of two associated elements by means of a profile according to variants of a second embodiment of the profile, the profile being made of a juxtaposition of materials;
• FIGS. 4a to 4d illustrate views in partial section of two associated elements by means of a profile according to variants of a second embodiment of the profile, the profile being made up of a combination of stack (s) and juxtaposition (s) of materials;
• Figure 5 shows schematically the steps for the association of two elements by means of the profile according to the first embodiment
• Figure 6 shows a side view of a variant form of a section integral with one of the elements to be combined
• Figure 7 schematically shows the steps for the association of two elements by means of the profile according to the second embodiment
• Figures 8a to 8f illustrate in section or in profile other variants of the shape of a section integral with one of the elements to be combined;
• Figure 9 shows schematically the steps for the association of two elements by means of the profile according to the variant of Figure 8a;
• Figures 10a and 10b illustrate two variants of coextrusion of two damping materials made integral with one of the elements to be combined;
• Figures 11a and 11b schematically represent the steps for the association of two elements by means of the profile respectively according to two variant types of Figure 4d;
• Figure 12 shows the modal damping on the first bending mode obtained on a glass substrate provided with the profile, according to values of the equivalent real linear stiffness K ' eq and the equivalent loss factor tan ⁇ eq ;
• Figure 13 shows noise curves measured as a function of the engine speed of a motor vehicle for three types of profile.
• Figure 1a is a fragmentary sectional view of a glazing 1 associated with a carrier element 2 such as a motor vehicle body.
• the glazing consisting of at least one glass substrate, is fixed to the body using a profile 3 with acoustic damping property.
• the profile could be inserted between the two elements only to fulfill only its damping role without playing a joining role for the two elements.
• the profile can be fixed on a first element such as a door frame of a room inside a building and is associated with a second element such as the door when the latter is closed; the profile, by undergoing a stress on the surfaces of the door and the frame sufficient to absorb the excitation energy of the frame, makes it possible to reduce the acoustic radiation inside the volume closed by said door.
• the profile can be embellished with functional shapes which are not specifically acoustic such as sealing lips or aesthetics.
• the acoustic damping property of the profile is defined by the parameters which are the equivalent linear stiffness and the loss factor.
• the profile can be made of a single material or of a plurality of materials, and in the latter case, account must be taken of the linear stiffness of each material.
• K * eq equivalent linear stiffness
• K " ⁇ q which corresponds to the power of dissipation, that is to say to the transformation of the deformation energy of the profile into heat energy in the whole of the profile.
• K * eq can be written according to the following formula, since the profile can include several materials:
• K * complex linear stiffness of each material i constituting the profile
• the linear stiffness depends on the rigidity of the material or materials constituting the profile but also on the dimensional quantities of the section of each material constituting the profile.
• linear stiffness K * j for a material given in equation (1) is written, being related to a profile length of 1 m and to a rectangular section of width and thickness e- ,, and based on the principle that the profile undergoes uniform compressive tensile stresses over the width (shear is not considered):
• one of the parameters characterizing the acoustic properties of the profile is the real equivalent linear stiffness K ′ eq , that is to say the real part of the complex number K * eq .
• the estimation of K ' eq can be carried out by calculation as has just been explained after estimation by a measurement of the Young's modulus E'j of each material, measurement made using a viscoanalyzer. The estimation of K ′ eq by a measurement using a viscoanalyzer may be made to validate the calculations.
• K ' eq is the equivalent real linear stiffness (real part of K * eq ) for the whole of the profile and K " eq is the power of dissipation (imaginary part of K * eq ).
• the loss factor will be estimated by calculation using equation (3), equations (1) and (2) used to calculate K ' eq and K "e q> K ′ eq and K ′′ eq being estimated by calculation thanks to the measurement by the visco-analyzer of the real part and respectively of the imaginary part of the Young's modulus complex of each material constituting the profile.
• the measurement of the entire profile using the viscoanalyzer will be used to validate the calculations, in particular when it comes to choosing materials of any non-rectangular section.
• the profile 3 has an acoustic damping property when the equivalent loss factor tan ⁇ eq of the profile is at least equal to 0.25.
• the equivalent loss factor and the equivalent real linear stiffness depend not only on the chemical nature of the material or materials of the profile but also on the geometry given to the section of the profile. Also, when a profile meets the criteria claimed according to the invention of the equivalent loss factor and the equivalent linear stiffness, it is possible to optimize these parameters by modifying them in order to further increase the acoustic performance. The modification of these parameters is carried out by changing the dimensions of the section of the profile. For example, if the profile is made of a single material and has a rectangular section, its equivalent real linear stiffness is then increased by decreasing the thickness e of the profile and increasing its width L.
• Profile 3 can be constructed structurally in different ways.
• the profile 3 consists of at least one damping material 4 which performs the acoustic damping function and, moreover, the function of securing the two elements and possibly the function sealing according to the type of use for which the profile is intended.
• the profile preferably also performs the sealing function.
• This profile configuration comprising one or more damping materials which also perform a bonding function for the joining of the two elements will be called in the following description of the monolithic profile.
• a first variant (FIG. 1a) consists in producing the profile in a single material which meets the criteria stated for the equivalent loss factor and the equivalent real linear stiffness and which exhibits the bonding properties with the two elements 1 and 2, and if necessary sealing properties.
• a second variant of the first embodiment consists in producing the section 3 in two damping materials 4a and 4b which meet the criteria of the invention. These materials, while being able to be more or less damping with respect to one another, generate by their association an equivalent real linear stiffness and an equivalent loss factor meeting the damping criteria. They are arranged in layers one above the other ( Figure 1b), or are juxtaposed one next to the other ( Figures 1c) and optionally separated by an air space (not shown). Both materials have bonding properties with at least one of the two elements with which they are associated.
• the profile 3 consists of at least one damping material 4 and a non-damping bonding material 5.
• the material 4 performs the acoustic damping function and is made integral with at least one of the two elements
• the materials 4 and 5 are chemically compatible to guarantee if necessary, according to the variant embodiment, their mutual adhesion. Materials 4 and 5 can have sealing properties depending on the use of the profile.
• the non-absorbing bonding material 5 only serves to secure the two elements 1 and 2 and also has sealing properties. It has no acoustic damping properties on its own. However, it is necessary to give it a very appropriate thickness and width, because it has a Young's modulus Ej 'and a loss factor tan ⁇ which influence the equivalent real linear stiffness and the equivalent loss factor of the set of profile 3 and therefore on the acoustic damping property of all of profile 3.
• the arrangement of the materials between the two elements can vary.
• a third type of variant of the second embodiment is an arrangement according to a combination of a stack and a juxtaposition (FIGS. 4a to 4d), at least one or two materials partially constituting this combination being made integral with the two elements 1 and 2 to combine.
• Figures 2a to 2d therefore illustrate different variants of stacking arrangement.
• the stack of Figures 2a and 2b consists of a material 4 with acoustic damping property and a non-damping material 5 for bonding the profile to one of the elements.
• the material 4 is integral with the element 1, the glass substrate, and the bonding material 5 adheres by one of its faces 50 to the damping material 4 and adheres by its opposite face 51 to the element 2 , the bodywork; while for FIG. 2b the materials 4 and 5 are respectively integral with the bodywork and the glass substrate.
• the material strata are of identical width L1, and each has a thickness e1, e2 which is adapted according to the nature of the material and therefore according to the loss factor of each material so as to optimize the equivalent real linear stiffness and / or the factor equivalent loss of the profile.
• FIGS. 2c and 2d correspond to a stack of three materials, two materials 40 and 41 constitute the damping material 4 and the third material constitutes the bonding material 5.
• the layers of materials are of identical width for FIG. 2c, and of width different for FIG. 2d, the thickness of each of the strata being studied to optimize the equivalent real linear stiffness and / or the equivalent loss factor of the section 3.
• FIGS 3a to 3d illustrate different variants of juxtaposition arrangement.
• the juxtaposition according to two materials consists in attaching a damping material 4 to a bonding material 5, both of the same thickness and made integral by two of their opposite faces, 50 and 51 for the bonding material, with the two elements 1 and 2 that are the glass substrate and the body.
• Their widths L1 and L2 are defined to optimize the calculation of the equivalent real linear stiffness and / or of the equivalent loss factor.
• FIG. 3b represents FIG. 3a with the inversion of the materials 4 and 5, the non-damping adhesive material being arranged on the side of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• FIG. 3c reproduces FIG. 3a except that the materials are not joined but separated by an air space 6.
• FIG. 3d is representative of a juxtaposition of three adjoining materials, a non-damping material 5 for bonding sandwiched between two damping materials 42 and 43 constituting the damping material 4.
• the materials 42 and 43 may or may not be distinct.
• the width of each of the damping materials 4 (therefore also 42 and 43) and of bonding material 5 is studied to guarantee the equivalent real linear stiffness and the equivalent loss factor of all of the materials, therefore of the profile 3, sufficient for the desired acoustic damping.
• FIGS. 4a to 4d are a combination of stacking and juxtaposition arrangements, at least the bonding material being made integral by two faces opposite to the elements 1 and 2 to be combined.
• FIG. 4a is a juxtaposition of the bonding material 5 and the damping material 4, the latter consisting of a stack of materials 44 and 45 which are distinct and more or less damping with respect to one another.
• FIG. 4b reproduces FIG. 4a except that the bonding 5 and damping 4 materials (44, 45) are separated by an air space 6.
• FIG. 4c illustrates a juxtaposition of several adjoining materials, the bonding material 5 being sandwiched between damping materials 4 which are constituted by two stacks of at least two distinct materials 46, 47, the stacks possibly being one the other.
• FIG. 4d illustrates a juxtaposition of three adjoining materials, the bonding material 5 and two damping materials 4, distinct or not.
• the bonding material 5 is sandwiched between the two damping materials 4 and has one of its faces 51 which extends along the width L of the profile and is made integral with one of the elements 2 so that the materials 4 are stacked at a thickness e1 and over a thickness e2 of the material 5.
• the opposite face 50 of the bonding material 5 is made integral with the other element 1 and has a width L2, while the materials 4 are arranged against said element 1 according to widths L1 and L3.
• the bonding material 5 which is also used for the sealing function is for example a polyurethane sealant such as Gurit Betaseal 1720 sold by Dow Automotive. For the example given, it ensures the sealing of the glazing to the bodywork and the sealing against gases, dust, water vapors and liquid water or solvents.
• the inventors have determined several plastics which can provide the damping properties required for the damping material 4 of the first embodiment or of the second embodiment declined according to the variants referenced 40 to 47.
• polystyrene-butadiene modified or not by an elastomer such as polyolefins, EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene), or rubber, in particular butyl rubber, or nitrile, or even styrene-butadiene,
• EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene
• rubber in particular butyl rubber, or nitrile, or even styrene-butadiene
• compositions mentioned above may also contain organic or inorganic fillers, such as talc, silica, calcium carbonate, kaolin, alumina, molecular sieve, carbon black, graphite, fumed silica, metallic fillers such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, alumina or magnetite.
• organic or inorganic fillers such as talc, silica, calcium carbonate, kaolin, alumina, molecular sieve, carbon black, graphite, fumed silica, metallic fillers such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, alumina or magnetite.
• the loading rate can vary between 0 and 50% by weight of the final composition.
• thermoplastic elastomers they consist of mixtures of polymers or of block copolymers manifesting a thermoplastic phase and an elastomer phase optionally chemically bonded to each other in the case of copolymer.
• thermoplastic urethanes which exist for example in the form of a non-reactive polymer, obtained from several polyol sources, at least one form of which is a block with thermoplastic properties and at least one another form is a sequence with elastic properties.
• polyurethane-based material with a wide variety of reactive compositions, of the one- or two-component type.
• one-component compositions based on a polyurethane prepolymer with a polyester, polyether, polycaprolactone, polyolefin or polysiloxane backbone.
• siloxane-terminated prepolymer is that it cures with moisture without foaming.
• polyurethane compositions can be modified by an elastomer, in particular nitrile rubber, or SBR, or butyl, or by a thermoplastic elastomer or else by a polymer having a certain non-crosslinkable flexibility such as polyolefins or plasticized PVC.
• an elastomer in particular nitrile rubber, or SBR, or butyl
• a thermoplastic elastomer or else by a polymer having a certain non-crosslinkable flexibility such as polyolefins or plasticized PVC.
• polyurethane prepolymer compositions which crosslink with humidity and / or temperature, they are obtained by reaction between polyols and diisocyanates which may or may not be polymeric.
• the polyols of the compositions may be polyetherpolyol of polyethylene, propylene oxide, polytetramethylene oxide, polycarbonate ployol or polybutadienepolyol type, polyesterspolyols, amorphous or crystalline, aromatic or aliphatic, based on fatty acid dimers, aromatic or aliphatic diacids, castor oil, chain extenders of type 1, 3 or 1, 4 butane diol, diisopropyl glycol, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diol, hexanediol, carbitol.
• the molecular mass of these polyols will be defined by their hydroxyl number (iOH) defined according to standard ASTM E 222-94 as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide equivalent to the hydroxyl content of 1 gram of polyol.
• iOH hydroxyl number
• the range of NOH used is between 5 and 1500.
• the functionality of these polyols will be between 2 and 6.
• the isocyanates may be aromatic or aliphatic, including diphenylmethanediisocyanates (MDI), toluenediisocyantes (TDI), isophoronediisocyanates (IPDI), hexanediisocyanate (HDI).
• MDI diphenylmethanediisocyanates
• TDI toluenediisocyantes
• IPDI isophoronediisocyanates
• HDI hexanediisocyanate
• NCO isocyanate functional groups
• the catalysts necessary for the reaction between the polyols and the isocyanates can be tin catalysts such as dibutyltin dilauryl (DBTDL), tin octoate. Bismuth catalysts or catalysts can also be used. based on morpholines such as dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE).
• DBTDL dibutyltin dilauryl
• DMDEE dimorpholinodiethylether
• an anti-foaming additive can be added, which is a compound based on bis-oxazolidines.
• various plasticizers can also be advantageously added to the prepolymer chosen.
• the application of the profile 3 between the elements 1 and 2 is done as follows ( Figure 5): the profile 3 is deposited on the element 1 by an application technique that we develop in the continuation of the description.
• this surface is either bonded in a conventional manner because it has bonding properties at room temperature, or else this free surface is activated using a energy source 7 of infrared, ultra-violet, high frequency, microwave or even induction type, and when the surface reaches an adequate temperature, the profile associated with the first element 1, such as the substrate, is applied by pressure against the second element 2, such as the bodywork, for securing.
• the amount of energy and the thickness of the activated material (s) are calibrated to obtain the desired width and final thickness between the two elements 1 and 2.
• the application of the profile 3 against the first element can be done in different ways.
• the technique used may depend on the nature of the material or materials and the stacking and / or juxtaposition of the materials.
• At least four techniques for depositing the calibrated profile can be used alone or in combination: extrusion, overmolding (encapsulation) and transfer from a molding.
• extrusion overmolding (encapsulation)
• transfer from a molding.
• transfer process reference will be made to French patent application FR 01/15039 for more details.
• the extrusion technique guarantees constant geometry of the profile.
• the shape given to the profile can facilitate its fixing with the element with which it is associated to guarantee the desired geometry.
• the damping materials used must have viscosities between 100 and 500 Pa.s at 80 ° C, the materials freezing below 50 ° C. The materials will therefore have sufficient greenstrength and thixotropy to maintain their geometry after extrusion. They will preferably be of the single-component type and will ensure good bonding with the first element associated with it, such as the glass substrate in the example cited.
• the profile can be overmolded on one of the elements to advantageously give it all the desired shapes and thus optimize the acoustic performance by guaranteeing the dimensions of the profile at any point of the glazing because it may be necessary that the width and the thickness of the profiles are not uniform over the entire periphery of the element with which it is associated for the purposes of acoustic performance (Figure 6).
• the viscosity of the materials used must not exceed a certain limit and the setting of a two-component product must be rapid.
• the profile can also be molded and transferred to one of the elements to preserve the advantages of molding and reduce the costs of making molds.
• This technique combines the advantages of extrusion and overmolding because it allows the creation of several layers of materials of various shapes as illustrated in Figure 2d.
• a minimum greenstrength and viscosity of the materials are required for single-component materials which crosslink to moisture.
• the setting time may be rapid if systems of the one-component type and crosslinking with the temperature are used. Two-component systems are quick-setting.
• an injection molding technique is also possible. This involves placing the element with which the material should be associated in a mold comprising a cavity corresponding to the shapes of the profile which one wishes to produce and the molding material constituted by the material is injected into the mold. damping in the molten state.
• a material A which meets the criteria of the invention and the surface of which can be activated for be secured to element 2. It is a single-component polyurethane crosslinked to moisture having a single glass transition temperature Tg and comprising: at least one polyester polyol with a functionality equal to two (preferably between 80 and 200 g), having an iOH index of between 5 and 10, a transition temperature Tg of less than or equal to -50 ° C and a softening point of between 50 and 80 ° C,
• MDI diphenylmethanediisocyanate type
• At least one catalyst (preferably between 0.5 and 3 g),
• a filler of molecular sieve type preferably between 20 and 60 g
• At least one filler of chalk, kaolin, talc, alumina, carbon black, or graphite type preferably between 5 and 60 g.
• the percentage of NCO of this polyurethane prepolymer A is between 0.5 and 2%.
• the value of the Young's modulus E 'measured at 120 Hz and at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C is 80 MPa.
• the equivalent loss factor which consists of the loss factor of the single material is then equal to 0.3 and the equivalent real linear stiffness is equal to 400 MPa.
• a profile 3 made up of at least two materials 4 and 5 it is possible to coextrude the two materials on the glass substrate 1.
• the joining is carried out in heating the free surface of the profile and applying it against the body ( Figure 7), or by directly applying the free surface against the body depending on the nature of the materials.
• the two damping materials can be coextruded on the glass substrate 1 as illustrated by the two variants of FIGS. 10a and 10b.
• the deposition of the bonding material 5 on the surface of the free damping material and opposite to the substrate and the joining are then carried out as illustrated in FIG. 9.
• FIGS. 11a and 11b show the steps for securing the element 1 to the element 2 by means of two respective variants of a profile of the type illustrated in FIG. 4d.
• the material 4 is first molded and transferred to the element 1. It has a particular geometry, in particular is separated into two parts 400 and 401 so as to form a reception channel 402 for housing the bonding material 5 during the joining.
• the bonding material 5 ultimately has two opposite faces integral respectively with the two elements 1 and 2.
• An example of a profile comprising at least one shock absorbing material 4 and a bonding material 5, consists of a material B as a cushioning material 4 and a bonding sealant 5 such as non-shock absorbing polyurethane sealant.
• a material B as a cushioning material 4
• a bonding sealant 5 such as non-shock absorbing polyurethane sealant.
• Each of the materials has a rectangular section 15mm wide and 3mm thick, which represents a total section equal to the reference section for the profile 15mm wide and 6mm thick.
• the material B of composition developed by the inventors is of the one-component polyurethane type crosslinking with humidity, having a single glass transition temperature and comprising:
• At least one polyester polyol with a functionality equal to two having an OH number of between 20 and 40, a transition temperature Tg of between -40 and -20 ° C,
• At least one isocyanate of functionality between 2.1 and 2.7 of the diphenylmethanediisocyanate type (MDI) and a percentage of NCO between 11 and 33%, (preferably between 150 and 230 g);
• MDI diphenylmethanediisocyanate type
• At least one catalyst (preferably between 0.5 and 3 g);
• a molecular sieve type filler preferably between 20 and 80 g
• optionally at least one filler of chalk, kaolin, talc, alumina, carbon black, or graphite type preferably between 5 and 60 g.
• the percentage of NCO of this polyurethane prepolymer B is between 0.5 and 2%.
• the values of the equivalent effective linear stiffness and the equivalent loss factor are respectively equal to 70 MPa and 0.95.
• the inventors have also developed another cushioning material C having bonding properties, in particular with resistance to adhesion at low temperature (between -60 and -10 ° C).
• This material unlike materials A and B, has two glass transition temperatures. It is a polyurethane pre-polymer comprising:
• At least one polyetherpolyol of functionality equal to two, having an iOH index of between 25 and 35, a transition temperature Tg of less than -50 ° C, of molecular weight between 3500 and 4500;
• At least one polyester polyol of functionality equal to two, having an iOH index between 20 and 40, a transition temperature Tg between -40 and -20 ° C; - At least one polyester polyol of functionality equal to two, having an iOH index of between 30 and 90, a transition temperature Tg of between 0 and 30 ° C and a softening point of between 50 and 70 ° C;
• MDI diphenylmethanediisocyanate
• - optionally a chalk, kaolin, talc, alumina, carbon black or graphite type filler.
• the percentage of NCO of this polyurethane prepolymer is between 0.5 and 2%.
• the% NCO being between 1, 8 and 2.2%, and comprising: between 180 and 220 g of a polyether polyol of functionality equal to two, having an iOH index of between 25 and 35, a transition temperature Tg of less than -50 ° C, of molecular mass between 3500 and 4500 between 75 and 115 g of an isocyanate of MDI type, of% NCO equal to
• 3500 of functionality equal to two and of transition temperature Tg equal to -30 ° C; between 35 and 85 g of a liquid and amorphous polyester polyol B of index iOH of between 27 and 34, of molecular mass equal to 3500, of functionality equal to two, and of transition temperature Tg equal respectively to + 20 ° C; between 55 and 110 g of an MDI type isocyanate, of% NCO equal to
• This material C having two glass transition temperatures can also be used at low temperature because it will not only have an acoustic damping property but also a resistance to adhesion. Indeed, at -40 ° C, the loss factor is equal to 0.38 and the value of the Young's modulus is 900 MPa, the inventors assigning the property of bonding resistance, that is to say when there is no risk of rupture of adhesion with the element with which the material is associated, such that the rigidity of the material E 'is less than 2000 MPa for a frequency between 50 and 500 Hz.
• the inventors have therefore succeeded in selecting compositions of damping material which meet the criteria of the equivalent real linear stiffness and of the equivalent loss factor stated by the invention.
• test tube for the material consisting of a rectangular parallelepiped of dimensions such that they fall within the ranges defined by the manufacturer of the viscoanalyzer, for example:
• the viscoanalyzer makes it possible to subject a sample of material to deformation stresses under precise conditions of temperature and frequency, and thus to obtain and process all of the rheological quantities characterizing the material.
• the viscoanalyzer will be used to direct measurements of the equivalent real stiffness and equivalent dissipation power of a section sample identical in section to that of section and length L. It will then be necessary to carry out the following calculations:
• K' eq k ' eq / L;
• the inventors have chosen to illustrate the acoustic performance obtained by the section 3 as a function of the actual equivalent linear stiffness K ′ eq and of the equivalent loss factor tan ⁇ eq according to the graph in FIG. 12. The values are given on the abscissa. of the equivalent loss factor and on the ordinate are given the values of the equivalent real linear stiffness.
• Modal depreciation is expressed on a scale of 0 to 30%. The greater the damping, the greater the acoustic gain in dB.
• the modal damping on the first mode of bending is defined as follows.
• the modal damping is deduced from mechanical impedance measurements Z (modulus of the frequency response function giving the normal vibrational speed to the glass substrate at a point as a function of the punctual force injected at this same point in the direction normal to said audit substrate) made using an impact hammer and an accelerometer, in the center of the substrate.
• the frequency of the first bending mode corresponds to the frequency below 120 Hz for which the mechanical impedance is maximum. It is noted f1.
• the value of the mechanical impedance at the frequency f1 is noted Zmax.
• the half-width bandwidth corresponds to the width of the frequency interval around f1 for which Z> Zmax ⁇ / 2. It is noted ⁇ f.
• the modal damping of the first bending mode corresponds to the ratio ⁇ f / f 1.
• the graph shows that the modal damping and therefore the acoustic performance (gain in dB) are variable for the same loss factor and different equivalent stiffnesses, or vice versa.
• This graph indicates that the use of material A as explained above for a monolithic profile and having an equivalent real linear stiffness equal to 400 MPa and an equivalent loss factor equal to 0.3 generates modal damping between 5 and 10%.
• FIG. 13 shows three comparative curves of the noise measured as a function of the engine speed inside a motor vehicle for three types of profile.
• Curve C1 corresponds to a standard laminated glazing fitted with a standard profile made of non-absorbing polyurethane sealant under a reference section of 9 mm by 6 mm.
• Curve C2 corresponds to a standard glazing unit fitted with a monolithic profile according to the invention made up of the damping material 4 of composition A under a reference section of 15 mm by 3 mm.
• the curve C3 corresponds to a standard glazing unit fitted with a profile according to the invention made up of the damping material 4 of composition B and the bonding material 5 of non-damping polyurethane mastic with a reference section of 15 mm by 6 mm.
• Standard laminated glazing is understood to mean a glazing comprising two sheets of glass 2.1 mm thick and an interlayer film of polyvinyl butyral 0.76 mm thick.
• the curves in FIG. 13 show the improvement in noise reduction achieved thanks to the profile of the invention.
• the noise expressed in dB is a function of the engine speed in rev / min of the vehicle.
• the noise measured here is that generated in the frequency range 50-160 Hz, frequencies corresponding to noises of solidian origin and corresponding to an engine speed of 1500 to 5000 rpm vis-à-vis the given type of motor vehicle taken here as an example.
• the use of the profile of the curve C2 may be preferred because the latter has good damping performance at 3400 rpm, and also has good performance for a higher speed around 4000 rpm, for which we see that the measured noise is 82 dB while the noise measured for curve C1 with a standard profile is 87dB. This result is obtained because the equivalent real linear stiffness of this profile of the invention is much greater than that of the standard profile.
• the profile of the invention with acoustic damping property has been described by way of example to be interposed between two elements 1 and 2 such as a glass substrate and a motor vehicle body in order to fix them one to the other, and therefore for a glass-metal association.
• Other applications may be envisaged for the use of the acoustic damping profile of the invention, for example for metal-metal, glass-glass, metal-plastic, glass-plastic, plastic-plastic associations.
• plastic means plastic materials such as epoxy, polyester, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or composite materials based on plastic material such as polypropylene (PP) and reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers or wood fibers.
• this is for example the fixing of a rear window of the vehicle.
• this is for example the bonding of different elements constituting the tailgate of a motor vehicle, or else the assembly by bonding of a roof based on polyurethane foam reinforced with glass fibers on the metal body of the vehicle.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
• Vibration Dampers (AREA)
• Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

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• 2002
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