EP1523450A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung endohedraler fullerene - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung endohedraler fullereneInfo
- Publication number
- EP1523450A2 EP1523450A2 EP03787736A EP03787736A EP1523450A2 EP 1523450 A2 EP1523450 A2 EP 1523450A2 EP 03787736 A EP03787736 A EP 03787736A EP 03787736 A EP03787736 A EP 03787736A EP 1523450 A2 EP1523450 A2 EP 1523450A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fullerenes
- graphite electrodes
- inert gas
- endohedral
- gas mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical group [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical group [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC)=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1 MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XMYLSWOTJKUSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanamide;lead Chemical compound [Pb].NC#N XMYLSWOTJKUSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- YKIJUSDIPBWHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneholmium Chemical compound [Ho]#N YKIJUSDIPBWHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940039231 contrast media Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CUOITRGULIVMPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynescandium Chemical compound [Sc]#N CUOITRGULIVMPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/152—Fullerenes
- C01B32/154—Preparation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing endohedral fullerenes in an arc reactor by burning graphite electrodes.
- the method according to the invention ensures a very high fullerene yield.
- the fullerenes produced can be used, for example, as contrast media for medical examinations.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing endohedral fullerenes in an arc reactor by burning graphite electrodes, with which it is possible to significantly increase the fullerene yield.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the burning is carried out in an atmosphere which contains a reactive gas component consisting of at least two elements in an inert gas or inert gas mixture.
- the proportion of the reactive gas component can be 5 vol% to 60 vol%.
- the proportion is preferably 5% by volume to 10% by volume.
- a nitrogen-containing or a carbon-containing reactive gas component is used, such as NH 3 or CH 4 or other hydrocarbons.
- the reactive gas component can be fed to the arc reactor from the outside during the burning process or generated in the arc reactor.
- Graphite electrodes modified with metal or metal oxides can be used in the method according to the invention.
- graphite electrodes can be used which are modified, for example, with holmium or scandium or their oxides.
- graphite electrodes modified with metal or metal oxides and a nitrogenous substance can also be used.
- a can be used to modify the graphite electrodes with a nitrogen-containing substance
- Metal cyanamide preferably calcium cyanamide or lead cyanamide, can be used.
- a very high fullerene yield of 50 to 95% of endohedral M 3 N cluster fullerene as the main product is advantageously achieved with the method according to the invention.
- the method can be carried out with little effort and in a simple manner and leads to reproducible results.
- the fullerenes produced in this way can be used, for example, as contrast media for medical examinations.
- graphite electrodes modified with holmium metal are burned off in a gas mixture containing a reactive gas component with pulsed direct current with a current strength between 75 A ' and 150 A.
- the graphite electrodes used have a composition with the ratio of graphite: holmium of 1 mol: 0.4 mol.
- the gas mixture consists of He and NH 3 , the NH 3 being the reactive one Component is.
- the proportions in the gas mixture are 200 mbar He and 20 mbar NH 3 .
- endohedral holmium nitride cluster fullerenes are formed with a yield between 85 and 95%.
- Ho 2 0 3 modified graphite electrodes in a gas mixture containing a reactive gas component are burned with pulsed direct current with a current between 75 A and 150 A.
- the graphite electrodes used have a composition with the ratio of graphite: M 2 0 3 of 1 mol: 0.3 mol.
- the gas mixture consists of He and NH 3 , the NH 3 being the reactive component.
- the proportions in the gas mixture are 200 mbar He and 20 mbar NH 3 .
- endohedral holmium nitride cluster fullerenes are formed with a yield of around 60%.
- graphite electrodes modified with scandium and CaNCN are burned off in a gas mixture containing a reactive gas component with pulsed direct current with a current between 75 A and 150 A.
- the graphite electrodes used have a composition with a ratio of graphite: scandium: CaNCN of 1 mol: 0.6 mol: 0.4 mol.
- the gas mixture consists of He and NH 3 , the NH 3 being the reactive component.
- the proportions in the gas mixture are 200 mbar He and 10 mbar NH 3 .
- graphite electrodes modified with Ho 2 0 3 and CaNCN are burned off in a gas mixture containing a reactive gas component with pulsed direct current with a current strength between 75 A and 150 A.
- the graphite electrodes used have a composition with the ratio of graphite: Ho 2 0 3 : CaNCN of 1 mol: 0.4 mol: 0.4 mol.
- the gas mixture consists of He and NH 3 , the NH 3 being the reactive component.
- the proportions in the gas mixture are 200 mbar He and 10 mbar NH 3 .
- endohedral holmium nitride cluster fullerenes are formed with a yield of between 50 and 70%.
- graphite electrodes in a gas mixture containing a reactive gas component are burned off with pulsed direct current with a current of 175 A.
- the gas mixture consists of He and CH 4 , the CH 4 being the reactive component.
- the proportions in the gas mixture are 200 mbar He and 10 mbar CH.
- CH 2 @C 70 is formed as the main component of the endohedral fullerenes, with C ⁇ o and C 70 making up the majority of the total fullerene content.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10233566 | 2002-07-22 | ||
| DE10233566 | 2002-07-22 | ||
| PCT/DE2003/002501 WO2004016624A2 (de) | 2002-07-22 | 2003-07-21 | Verfahren zur herstellung endohedraler fullerene |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1523450A2 true EP1523450A2 (de) | 2005-04-20 |
Family
ID=30010328
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03787736A Withdrawn EP1523450A2 (de) | 2002-07-22 | 2003-07-21 | Verfahren zur herstellung endohedraler fullerene |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050232842A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1523450A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4603358B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1671620B (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003250801A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10301722B4 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2004137099A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004016624A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2008317422A1 (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-30 | Luna Innovations Incorporated | Metallofullerene contrast agents |
| US20090250661A1 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-10-08 | Stevenson Steven A | Trimetallic Nitride Clusters Entrapped Within CnN Heteroatom Cages |
| CN101337668B (zh) * | 2008-08-11 | 2013-10-23 | 彭汝芳 | 制备内嵌富勒烯的方法 |
| DE102008043654A1 (de) | 2008-11-11 | 2010-05-20 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Diagnostisches und/oder therapeutisches Agens, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verwendung |
| CN102205958B (zh) * | 2011-05-04 | 2013-01-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | 内嵌氮化物原子簇富勒烯的制备方法 |
| CN104129775B (zh) * | 2014-07-16 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州大学 | 一种内嵌钪氧化物团簇富勒烯的制备方法 |
| CN106744814A (zh) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 河南科技学院 | 一种内嵌金属富勒烯的提取方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5300203A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1994-04-05 | William Marsh Rice University | Process for making fullerenes by the laser evaporation of carbon |
| JPH05282938A (ja) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-10-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 金属内包フラーレン類の製造方法 |
| US5876684A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1999-03-02 | Materials And Electrochemical Research (Mer) Corporation | Methods and apparati for producing fullerenes |
| JPH06199509A (ja) * | 1993-01-07 | 1994-07-19 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 超微粒子の安定化方法、グラファイトで包まれた超微粒子およびその製造方法 |
| DE4335915A1 (de) * | 1993-10-21 | 1995-04-27 | Roggenkamp Karl Heinz | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Fullerenen und dotierten Buckmister Fullereren aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Granulaten und Stäuben und der Beigabe von Metallen oder seltenen Erden, wobei der zu verdampfende Rohstoff in einer tassenartigen hochtemperaturfesten Umhüllung sich befindet |
| JPH07189040A (ja) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Nec Corp | 円筒状黒鉛繊維の製造方法 |
| JPH09309711A (ja) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-12-02 | Toyo Tanso Kk | 炭素クラスター、それを製造するための原料及びその炭素クラスターの製造方法 |
| DE19627338A1 (de) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-01-02 | Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin Gmbh | Elektrode zur Herstellung von höheren Fullerenen nach dem Krätschmer-Huffman-Lichtbogenverfahren |
| WO1998030495A1 (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1998-07-16 | Miley George H | Method and apparatus for producing complex carbon molecules |
| JP2000159514A (ja) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-13 | Univ Nagoya | 金属内包フラーレンの製造方法 |
| US6303760B1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-10-16 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Endohedral metallofullerenes and method for making the same |
| EP1286303A1 (de) * | 2001-08-13 | 2003-02-26 | Hitachi Europe Limited | Quantenrechner |
-
2003
- 2003-01-15 DE DE10301722A patent/DE10301722B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-21 CN CN038173980A patent/CN1671620B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-21 WO PCT/DE2003/002501 patent/WO2004016624A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-07-21 RU RU2004137099/15A patent/RU2004137099A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-21 DE DE10393502T patent/DE10393502D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-21 JP JP2004528436A patent/JP4603358B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-21 EP EP03787736A patent/EP1523450A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-21 AU AU2003250801A patent/AU2003250801A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-21 US US10/519,696 patent/US20050232842A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004016624A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1671620A (zh) | 2005-09-21 |
| AU2003250801A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| RU2004137099A (ru) | 2005-07-10 |
| US20050232842A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
| WO2004016624A3 (de) | 2004-05-21 |
| JP2005533745A (ja) | 2005-11-10 |
| CN1671620B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
| DE10301722A1 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
| JP4603358B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 |
| AU2003250801A8 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| DE10301722B4 (de) | 2009-12-10 |
| WO2004016624A2 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
| DE10393502D2 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE69501750T2 (de) | Fullerenkomposit | |
| DE2161098C3 (de) | Seelenelektrode für automatisches oder halbautomatisches Schweißen | |
| DE4105656A1 (de) | Draht mit flussmittelseele zum schweissen von rostfreiem stahl | |
| DE69730719T2 (de) | Plasma behandelte kohlenstoffibrillen und herstellungsverfahren | |
| EP1256410A2 (de) | Tandemschweissschutzgas | |
| WO2004016624A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung endohedraler fullerene | |
| DE2631906C2 (de) | Metallpulvermischung zur Herstellung von Zahnamalgam durch Verreiben mit Quecksilber | |
| EP0048313B1 (de) | Supraleitende Drähte auf der Basis von Bronze-Nb3Sn und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung | |
| DE2910733A1 (de) | Galvanische zelle | |
| CH414302A (de) | Verfahren zur Oberflächenhärtung von Metallkörpern aus Titan, einer Titanlegierung, Zirkonium oder einer Zirkoniumlegierung | |
| EP0368082A2 (de) | Sauerstoffhaltiges Molybdänmetallpulver sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
| EP1321217B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzgasmischung | |
| WO1994012677A1 (de) | Aluminiumlegierung | |
| DE2909290C2 (de) | Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung eines supraleitenden Faserverbundmaterials | |
| DE4134144A1 (de) | Karbidisches spritzpulver | |
| EP1607168B1 (de) | Schutzgas-Versorgungseinrichtung zum Lichtbogen-Fügen | |
| DE2550983A1 (de) | Verfahren zum mehrelektroden- schutzgas-lichtbogenschweissen | |
| DE102005036517B4 (de) | Metallbondingverfahren | |
| DE2648262C2 (de) | ||
| DE3634499A1 (de) | Lichtbogenschweisselektrode | |
| DE2221965B1 (de) | Pulvergemisch fuer die pulvermetallurgische herstellung von sintergenauteilen aus stahl | |
| DE19961331B4 (de) | Federartiger Kupferfaserkörper und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben | |
| EP0439614A1 (de) | Gasgemisch für wärmechemisches behandeln von metallen und legierungen und verfahren zur herstellung | |
| DE2550620A1 (de) | Verfahren zum einverleiben eines hochreaktiven materials in geschmolzenen stahl | |
| DE2711509C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hartmetall auf Titankarbid-Basis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20050207 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: GEORGI, PETRA Inventor name: ZOELLER, HEIDI Inventor name: ZIEGS, FRANK Inventor name: DUNSCH, LOTHAR |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20101012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20170201 |