EP1514603B1 - Device for treating material - Google Patents

Abstract

Device comprises a comminuting device having at least one shaft supporting disks with comminuting tools (6, 7). A recess (64) is formed in the direction of rotation in front of the cutting tools of each disk. At least two recesses have different designs. Preferred Features: The recesses have different lengths in the peripheral direction and different depths.

Description

The invention relates to a device for the treatment of excavated earth, sludges, garbage or other material that may contain contaminants.

From the post-published, but prioritized senior WO 2004/101156 A1 goes out a two-shaft shredder having two parallel waves, which are driven in opposite directions rotating. The two shafts carry shredding tools in the form of toothed disks and crusher disks which have a larger diameter. The crusher discs are each provided with two diametrically opposite recesses. In each recess sits a chisel. It is stated that the two recesses can be designed differently.

From the utility model DE 202 14 956 is a crushing device with two counter-rotating shafts are known, on which crusher discs are mounted. The shredding device is suitable for example for mineral materials, such as excavated soil, coarse gravel, stones or other material. It is a fine comminution possible, with particle sizes of 10 mm to 60 mm can be achieved.

Furthermore, from the DE 101 11 305 A1 a device for processing mineral material, in particular excavated soil, known, which may also contain brittle, coarse-grained ingredients. For comminution serves a splitting mechanism with two counter-rotating shafts, which sit on sharpened chisels. These serve to burst the coarse ingredients to cause comminution. This can be done in the presence of cohesive material, ie clay or clay-containing material. The coarse components are comminuted to a particle size of about 60 mm. The flour and fine grain content is low.

The material thus produced is in principle suitable for re-installation as a result of the comminution of the coarse components. For example, for filling excavated soil pits, such as pits or trenches. However, it is necessary to add to the material to be treated an additive, such as cement, ash, stone meal, granules, fibers, wood chips, wood flour, suspensions, such as lime suspensions, bentonites or dense suspensions.

On this basis, it is an object to provide an improved treatment device.

This object is achieved with the device according to claim 1:

The material to be processed of indefinite shape, for example, in the presence of lumpy coarse material subjected to a crushing process in which the lumpy coarse material is at least partially crushed and mixed with the material. The comminution is preferably set so that the lumpy coarse material bindable components releases. The process is driven in such a way that the bondable constituents which are generally fine constituents produced act as an aggregate, so that the treatment can take place without the addition of additional additives, such as cement, lime, fibers, chips and the like. The fine components required for stabilizing the shape, drying and / or hardening of the processed material thus arise from the material to be processed even during the comminution of the lumpy coarse material. This can already be naturally contained in the material to be treated in the form of rocks (limestone, sandstone or other rock). However, it is also possible to dislodge loamy-clay excavated material that does not contain such components before carrying out the treatment process with appropriate coarse material. It is further possible to add the coarse material in the crushing process. However, the coarse material does not form an aggregate in the traditional sense, because it is not bindable per se. This suitability is obtained only by the comminution or grinding process in the comminution device. This passes through the lumpy coarse material together with the excavation. It has been shown that the process can be set quite so that despite the presence of excavation or other appropriate mineral material with loamy clay components, the production of a sufficiently large fines from the coarse material is possible. This fine fraction is mixed during the crushing process in the loamy-clay component and then acts as an aggregate. The bondability of the lumpy component in comminution, especially when it is at least partially pulverized. The grinding of the lumpy coarse material can also be done separately.

It is also possible to add to the material to be treated, preferably before or else after grinding, an aggregate having binding ability (e.g., cement, lime, dusts, seeds, nuts / nutshells). However, the amount added is much lower than would be required if work was done without grinding the coarse components. The ground coarse constituents above all have water-binding capacity and thus increase the stability and load-bearing capacity of the treated material, when e.g. is used for filling excavated ditches without provoking an unhealthy after hardening of the material. On the other hand, if the carrying capacity of the material to be treated is merely brought about by the addition of cement, the material cures so strongly that a later re-opening of the trench becomes difficult. The invention makes it possible in many cases to reduce the need for additional additives below 0.5 wt.%. Often, additional aggregate is completely unnecessary. With water contents of up to 30% and stone content of approx. 50%, it is usually possible to completely dispense with additional binder.

If the material to be treated is cohesive, ie if it contains kneadable water-containing solids, such as clay or loam, the rock flour produced during the comminution process acts like an aggregate. The rock flour may show different binding properties depending on the chemical nature. For example, it may be water absorbent. In addition, it can have a strengthening effect through ion exchange processes. It may further show a pozzolanic binding effect. It can also act as a binding agent by absorbing water, for example when it contains anhydride components. In addition, it can form hydrate bonds that can come about through microcrystal growth. This is particularly the case when used as coarse material concrete or other construction waste be used. As a rule, such construction waste still contains unbound components and thus a residual binding capacity. In addition, recrystallization operations may result in re-setting after fine milling.

The material can also be adjusted to be dry enough to be sieved. It turns out that still existing stones can be screened out without significant adhesion of clay or the like.

Crushing devices with asymmetric discs for receiving tools are considered particularly advantageous.

In an embodiment of the shredding device according to the invention, disks with chisels are provided on at least one shaft, wherein these disks are asymmetrical. In front of each chisel, a receiving space for coarse components (stones and the like) is formed, wherein a disk, when carrying two chisels, has a small and a large receiving space. This ensures that on the one hand very large, coarse chunks can be crushed, while on the other hand prevents larger amounts of average grain between unobstructed slices fall through each other.

Further details of advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the drawing, from the following description or from subclaims

Figur 1

die Durchführung des Verfahrens in einer schematisierten Skizze,

Figur 2

die Durchführung eines abgewandelten Verfahrens wiederum in einer schematisierten Skizze,

Figur 3

die Zerkleinerungseinrichtung nach Figur 1 oder 2 in ausschnittsweiser, perspektivischer Darstellung,

Figur 4

eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform einer Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens in schematisierter Darstellung,

Figur 5

eine Mischeinrichtung mit einstellbarer Nachzerkleinerung in schematisierter Seitenansicht,

Figur 6

einen Scheibenkörper der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungseinrichtung, in schematisierter Perspektivansicht, und

Figur 7

den Scheibenkörper nach Figur 6 in Seitenansicht.

Show it:

FIG. 1

the implementation of the method in a schematized sketch,

FIG. 2

the implementation of a modified method again in a schematized sketch,

FIG. 3

the crusher after FIG. 1 or 2 in a fragmentary, perspective view,

FIG. 4

a modified embodiment of a device for carrying out the method in a schematic representation,

FIG. 5

a mixing device with adjustable post-shredding in a schematic side view,

FIG. 6

a disk body of the shredding device according to the invention, in a schematic perspective view, and

FIG. 7

the disk body FIG. 6 in side view.

In FIG. 1 a crusher 1 is illustrated which serves as a crushing, milling and trash removing device. It has, for example, two counter-rotating shafts 2, 3 with crushing tools seated thereon. The crushing tools, for example, according to DE 101 11 305 A1 or according to DE 202 14 956 U1 be educated. Notwithstanding these documents, however, the crushing tools are adjusted so that not only a grain size of about 60 mm grain size but at least a portion of the coarse components is much more crushed. This can be achieved in different ways. It gets up to it FIG. 3 directed. This illustrates the waves 2, 3 in perspective view. They carry axially offset from each other discs 4, 5, which are provided at their periphery with recesses. In these recesses breakers 6, 7 can sit. The recesses may be formed with each other the same or different. The refracting bits 6, 7 preferably have conical tips which move towards one another above a plane defined by the two shafts 2, 3. The corresponding opposite directions of rotation of the shafts 2, 3 are in FIG. 3 indicated by arrows. Stones picked up between the tips of the breaker chisels 6, 7 are burst open by the notch effect of the slow-running shafts (eg approximately 10 to 60 revolutions / minute). Any existing contaminants (wood, steel, car tires) are either processed or rejected.

Otherwise, the waves 2, 3 are densely occupied with toothed discs 8 to 14, which are formed equal to each other. It is also possible to use different toothed discs. The teeth 15, 16 have approximately radially oriented in the direction of rotation facing breast surfaces 17, 18 and against the circumferential direction sloping back surfaces 19, 20 on. The toothed disks 8 to 14 are each arranged on a gap, ie adjacent toothed pulleys arranged on the shaft 2 each enclose a gap into which the toothed disks of the shaft 3, which are likewise arranged with gaps relative to one another, engage. The number of toothed disks 8 to 14 is preferably greater than that of the chisel carrier disks (disks 4, 5).

Each toothed disc is associated with a substantially cylindrical pressure surface on the respective opposite shaft, which with the tooth back 18, 19 of the respectively opposing toothed disc serves a pressure nip for grinding the coarse material. However, it is also possible to arrange the toothed disks 8 to 14 of the two shafts adjoining each other, wherein the circumferential circles of the toothed disks 8 to 14 of the two shafts 2, 3 do not then overlap one another. Rather, the distance is set so that between the tooth back of the toothed disks of the two shafts 2, 3 each a small gap remains, which serves as a nip.

The comminution device 1 according to FIG. 1 also has a drive device for the two shafts 2, 3. The drive device can be formed by two hydraulic motors, of which each shaft 2, 3 is assigned to one each. Both hydraulic motors can be driven by a common diesel engine. Above the comminution device 1, a conveyor 21 is also arranged, which is a in FIG. 1 schematically promotes illustrated material mixture 22 to the crusher 1. The conveyor 21 may be formed by a chute in the simplest case. It can also be designed as a belt conveyor. The material mixture 22 is, for example Excavated soil with loamy composition. It contains coarse material in the form of bricks 23, 24. These may naturally have been contained in the material mixture 22 or added randomly. The bricks 23, 24 may be bricks, concrete blocks, natural stones (limestone, sandstone, granite, basalt, gneiss, tuff, porphyry or the like). It is also possible a mixture of different stones, demolition materials, road surface, gravel, gravel, sand or the like. The material mixture 22 is conveyed by the conveyor 21 to the comminution device 1. It can be collected here in a hopper 25 above the crusher 1.

During operation of the comminution device 1, the comminution tools carried by the shafts 2, 3 detect the loamy-cohesive material and convey it downwards. In addition, the stones 23, 24 of the refracting bits 6, 7 ( FIG. 3 ) split and broken. Subsequently, the fragments are further comminuted by the toothed discs 8 to 14, wherein the process control is selected so that a high proportion of fines is formed. The crushing leads at least partially to the fine-fine grinding of the stones. The resulting rock flour (quartz, lime or the like) is immediately mixed with the loamy-clay material of the material mixture 22. If this sticks to the toothed discs 8 to 14 and thus performs it circulations is mixed all the more intensively with the resulting rock flour. The result is largely homogenized, digested material 26, the largely crushing stones, still lumpy ingredients and still contains the loamy-clay base material. This mixture of materials is usually suitable for immediate replacement at the construction site. The amount of rock flour produced in the comminution process causes at least the binding of Moisture and thus an immediate reduction of stickiness and kneadability of the material. In the long term, ground minerals, even when produced in the wet milling described above, are prone to hardening. The curing process may be based on ion exchange processes, the formation of a pozzolanic bond or hydration processes. The material is suitable for low-pore compaction and thus receives a special load-bearing capacity. The cohesive portion causes the trench walls to have a very good stability when reopening filled trenches or digging trenches adjacent to filled trenches.

The comminution device 1 according to FIG. 2 is particularly suitable for the treatment of material 27 with loamy clay basic structure without its own coarse components. These can be conveyed with a further conveyor 28 to the grinder, which form the two shafts 2, 3 with their discs 4, 5 and pulleys 8 to 14. It can be done here a metered feed of material 27 and stones 22, 23. The stones 22, 23 are especially construction waste, ie concrete chunks, brick debris, other demolition material and natural stones. In the grinder, the crushing of the stones 22, 23 takes place in the presence of the material 27, which in turn generates rock flour, which is largely homogeneously mixed with the material 27. The resulting material 26 is suitable for installation on the construction site.

At the in FIG. 4 illustrated plant is the crushing device 1, as they are already off FIG. 1 shows and has been described in connection with this, supplemented by an aftertreatment device 31. To this belongs a belt conveyor 32 with two conveyor belts 33, 34 which supply the homogenized material discharged from the shredding device as a material stream to a roller classifier 35. About one of the conveyor belts 33, 34, a metering device 36 is arranged, with which the material lying on the conveyor belts 33, 34 material 26 additive, such as cement, can be supplied. The metering device 36 includes, for example, a storage vessel 37 and a rotary valve 38 at the output thereof. Between the conveyor belt 34 and the roller classifier 35, a conveying wheel or a post-shredding device 39 can be arranged, which detects the material delivered by the conveyor belt 34 with radially arranged straight or curved tines and feeds it to the roller classifier 35. This has a group of equal or counter-rotating round or oval body, between which the fines of the discontinued material is passed down. Accordingly, below the roll classifier 35 in FIG FIG. 4 arranged a material accumulation 41. The coarse fraction, such as individual unmilled stones 42, is delivered from the roll classifier 35 on one side. This coarse component can be fed to further processing.

The metering device 36 is preferably set so that it emits only small amounts of substance, which accounts for less than 0.5 wt.% Of transported by the conveyor belts 33, 34 amount of substance. It can also be provided a control device which determines the dosage as a function of the residual moisture of the material 26. A corresponding moisture measuring device can be provided, but is in FIG. 4 not further illustrated. In the processing of sludge can also be driven with higher dosing.

In the FIG. 4 only schematically indicated mixing device 39 with Nachzerkleinerungsfunktion is in FIG. 5 illustrated in more detail. To her belongs a rotor 43 with preferably horizontally arranged axis of rotation, which is driven by a hydraulic motor or other drive source ago. The rotor preferably extends over the entire width of the in FIG. 4 It is at its periphery with Werkzeigen, eg chisels 44, 45, 46, 47 occupied, which are employed obliquely against the direction of rotation. Preferably, pointed bits are used with a rounded tip. However, there are also other chisels, eg flat chisel or suitable hammers used. Preferably, the bits 44 to 47 are rigidly mounted. However, in particular when using hammers, they can also be pivotably mounted about a pivot axis parallel to the axis of rotation. The rotational speed of the rotor 43 is in the range of 200 to 1,000 revolutions / min for most applications. established. A speed of 400 revolutions is preferred.

The rotor 43 is associated with a hood 48, which is arranged above the rotor 43 on the conveyor belt 34 opposite side. The hood preferably covers about a quarter of the circumference of the rotor 43. It is mounted on a cover 49, which is arranged above the rotor 43 about a pivot axis 50 pivotally. A hydraulic cylinder opens and closes the cover 49. The rotor is for example firmly connected to the conveyor belt 34 or to a scaffold, which also carries the rotor 43 and the conveyor belt 34. The hood 48 is pivotally mounted on the carrier 49 via a corresponding bearing device 51. The pivot axis is arranged above the rotor 43. The pivoting position is by an adjustment mechanism 52, for example set in the form of a simple adjusting screw or in the form of fluid cylinders (hydraulics, pneumatics).

The hood 48 is curved approximately parallel to the circle defined by the chisels 44, 45, 46, 47 flight circle. It thus limits with the rotor 43 a gap-shaped comminuting space 53. If necessary, one, two or more blow bars 54, 55 may be held on the hood 48, which extend over the entire axial length of the rotor 43 and in the direction of the rotor 43 protrude.

In operation, the mixing device 39 effects further mixing and comminution of the material conveyed by the conveyor belt 34. The grain size can be adjusted as desired with the adjustment mechanism 52. It is thus given a largely homogeneous material on the Rollenklassierer 35.

For the treatment of excavated soil, excavated earth or any other material of indefinite shape, which may be provided eg for re-installation at a construction site or other processing or disposal, a grinding operation is carried out in which the crushing, grinding and Störstoffbeeitungseinrichtung both of the relevant Excavation and in addition of lumpy coarse material is passed through. The crushing of the coarse material by suitable breakage and / or crushing rock powder is used as a kind of locally generated aggregate for excavation. This aggregate is suitable both to regulate the moisture of the excavation or sludge and to stabilize and solidify it. The material is puncture proof. Also a granulation is possible. The degree of drying and solidification can be adjusted by the degree of grinding, for example by the coarse constituents are ground more or less depending on the degree of moisture or desired Nachverfestigung. In addition, coarse components such as asphalt, construction waste, concrete chunks or natural stones may be added in addition to the excavation to produce the desired amounts of rock flour during the crushing process. The shredder grinding and disposal facility shreds shredded contaminants and prevents the passage of non-shredded contaminants. These are rejected. For example, large steel parts are not detected or they lead to blocking and reversing of the machine. Overload or single or multiple reversing can lead to shutdown.

The FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the discs 4, 5 separately. They are preferably formed asymmetrically. As FIG. 6 illustrated, the disc 4, two diametrically opposite seats 61, 62 for chisel, as seen from FIG. 3 or for the seat 62 off FIG. 7 emerge. The two chisels 6, 7 define a circle 63, ie their tips run on the common diameter D2. The chisels 6, 7 are housed in recesses of the disk body 60, wherein the recesses in the region of the seats 61, 62 are identical. In front of the chisels 6, 7, however, distinctive recesses 64, 65 are formed. While the recess 64 of the bit 6 extends, for example, only over a range of, for example, 60 °, the recess 65 extends over a peripheral region of significantly more than 90 °. This allows different sized coarse components of the chisels 6, 7 are detected. While too large stones or other coarse components of the recess 64 leading hurrying area 66 of the disk body 60 are rejected, such chunks can get into the recess 65 and are detected by the chisel 7. On the other hand, the area 66 which extends up to the diameter D2 and which largely fills the space between the chisels 6, 7 prevents between the disks 4, 5 of the two shafts 2, 3 (see FIG FIG. 3 ) create too large spaces, could fall through the middle grain. The in the FIGS. 6, 7 presented discs 4, 5 thus allow on the one hand the efficient crushing of particularly coarse material, while on the other hand ensure that a high proportion of fine grain is formed and the crushed material contains very little middle grain. The chisels 6, 7 can be the same or different as illustrated. For example, the chisel 7 adjacent to the larger recess 65 may be configured for coarse shredding and the other chisel 6 for smaller size.

In material processing, moreover, before or after comminution, as well as when multi-stage comminution takes place between the individual comminution stages or in the comminution process liquid such as e.g. Water or an aqueous solution to which material is added. The addition of water can be done, for example, to effect or assist the setting of the added or generated fines. The removal of liquid by adding powdered dry material or moistening the material by adding water, depending on the initial moisture content of the material.

The shredding device according to the invention has a shaft with a plurality of disks, at least some of which are provided with separate shredding tools in the form of crushers. These are on the discs, for example rigidly attached. The breaker bits are oriented approximately in the circumferential direction and sit in corresponding recesses of the disc to which they are attached. The recesses have different dimensions. If one disc carries two chisels, one recess is slightly smaller while the other one is slightly larger. The larger recess allows the shredding of coarse material. On the other hand, the fact that the larger recess is associated with only one of the bits prevents gaps between adjacent shafts, in particular a twin-shaft shredder, from passing through which too much uncomminuted material can fall. Thus, the two-shaft shredder equipped with respective discs allows the production of small-sized material directly from coarse rock in a single crushing stage.

Claims (8)

1. Device with a crushing device (1), which has at least one shaft carrying discs (4, 5) with crushing tools in the form of chipping chisels, wherein a respective recess is configured in front of the chipping chisels of a disc (4, 5) in the direction of rotation, wherein at least two recesses are configured differently, characterised in that the recesses (64, 65) have different lengths in the peripheral direction.
2. Device according to claim 1 with a conveying device (21) for the controlled supply of the mineral material to the crushing device (1).
3. Device according to claim 1 with a conveying device for the controlled supply of coarse material to the crushing device (1).
4. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that a further crushing device (39) configured as a milling device is arranged downstream of the crushing device (1).
5. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the further crushing device (39) is a milling device with adjustable beating arms.
6. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the further crushing device (1) has a grinding function.
7. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the crushing device (1, 39) is a multistage crushing device.
8. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the recesses (64) have depths of different sizes.

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