EP2981360B1 - Apparatus and method for comminution of ore with a spring arrangement - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a method and a device for comminuting ore material or rock and / or slag, wherein the ore is pulverized using water in a wet process or even without the use of water in a dry process in a particularly ecological manner.

According to the Fraunhofer Institute, humanity will consume 140 billion tons of minerals, ores, fossil fuels and biomass annually by 2050. Today we consume a third of it. Commodities become the key in global competition, especially for mining. "Minimizing energy and raw material consumption" is the motto for the industry. Energy-efficient innovations are a step towards conserving resources and at the same time a chance to change the economy and provide sustainable impulses.

Mining plays a strategic role in the extraction of raw materials. Process improvements are the first step towards more resource use rather than resource consumption.

There is thus a great need to use environmentally friendly methods and devices in the extraction of raw materials, in particular to protect the persons involved from health damage. In the conventional crushing of ore material, people employed in the mining industry, in particular by the development of dust, are burdened with health, whereby the lungs can be affected by affected persons.

Further, there is a need to improve the mining processes, and especially the processing of ore material, so as to reduce energy consumption and minimize environmental damage.

State of the art

From a classical point of view, the processing of ores takes place in four steps. Several crushers connected in series grind the mined ore to a certain particle size, which is then crushed in mills, usually ball mills, by wet mechanical methods. The resulting, pumpable suspension is classified or subdivided into different particle classes. The final step in the processing of the ore rock is flotation, a physico-chemical process in which the ore-containing metal in the water is transported to the water surface by means of adhering gas bubbles and skimmed off there. The final product is the ore concentrate.

These large shredders form the precursor for mineral processing in mining. Depending on the country, region, yield and size of the mine, some dry-working crusher types and a downstream ball mill including the conveying and screening plants form the chain of ore crushing. Size of the plant, energy and logistics costs for the earthenware and the dust pollution of the environment are enormous in the conventional devices.

The crushing principle, for example, a jaw crusher works only with mechanically generated pressure. The crushing of the crushed material is usually in the wedge-shaped shaft between fixed and an eccentrically moving crushing jaw. During movement, the earthenware is crushed until the material is smaller than the set crushing gap.

Furthermore, it continues in a ball mill: In ball mills, the mostly pre-shredded ore stone mills together with iron balls in a drum, which is set in rotation. The ground material is thereby "crushed" by the balls, which manifests itself in a particle size reduction. Including a wear of the grinding balls themselves, which also contaminate the crushed ore with the iron of the iron balls.

There are long known ball mills for crushing ore, wherein the ore is added together with iron balls in rotation until the desired fineness is achieved in the ball mill. Such a known ball mill is already out of the DE 40 02 29 known, wherein the grinding cylinder contains balls, flint stones or the like for crushing the ore.

In such known ball mills, however, the grinding cylinder must be designed to be particularly robust in order to be able to withstand the impact of the balls on the cylinder wall without damage, as a result of which the weight of the grinding cylinders increases greatly. As a result, the operating costs and energy consumption of such ball mills are high. Furthermore, there is a high wear of the rotating grinding cylinder due to the impact of the balls on the grinding cylinder, so that after a relatively short time both the iron balls and the grinding cylinder must be replaced. These iron balls cost about 800 US $ / ton, depending on size and procurement and are consumed in a very short time by the wear, which wear causes the ground material is contaminated by the iron and thus the subsequent flotation and the flotation process is more expensive , Moreover, ball mills require that the ore be ground by a separate crusher and then by one or more ball mills connected in series to crush the ore in a desired manner, and effective pulverization of the ore material is scarcely possible.

Moreover, such ball mills are not suitable for crushing or pulverizing ore material together with slag or slag, since slag, which arises in particular during the further processing of ore as a waste product, is very brittle and has a hard structure.

Furthermore, the document discloses WO 2011/038914 A1 However, depending on the type of ore, throughput of the device, etc., the risk of overloading the device, whereby damage to the same is conceivable, depending on the type of ore, throughput of the device, etc. of the same inventor an already very good and small-sized device for crushing ore according to the preamble of claim. US 4039153 discloses a shredder equipped with overload protection.

Presentation of the invention

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for comminuting ore material and / or, in particular, slag, which should have high efficiency, only low wear and overload protection.

This object is achieved by the device according to the features of claim 1 and procedurally according to the features of claim 10.

The invention is based on the idea of providing a method and a device for comminuting ore material, wherein the device according to the invention comprises an ore feed device for feeding ore to be comminuted to a first pulverizing device. The first pulverization device is constructed of at least two mutually movable comminution elements, which together form at least one comminuting space for the ore to be comminuted, thereby at least partially pulverizing the ore to be comminuted by a relative movement in the form of a rotation about the axis of rotation of at least one of the two comminution elements is that at least one of the crushing elements one or more acceleration elements, in particular projections are provided, which are arranged in particular on the front side of one of the two crushing elements and which accelerate and crush the ore to be crushed by the rotation of one of the two crushing elements, and wherein between the two crushing elements and / or in at least one of the two crushing elements, a gap is provided, through which during the rotation of the pulverized ore from the Z around the outside of the rotation and away from the two crushing elements is transported. One of the two comminution elements has an operative connection with a spring device, wherein the spring device is designed such that it variably supports the comminuting element with which it is operatively connected in the direction of the other comminuting element.

This solution is advantageous because the comminuting element can be displaced by the variable mounting of the comminution element. The crushing element is thus on the occurrence of forces that occur in the pulverization of the ore and can lead to an overload of the device, displaceable, in particular automatically displaced, which directly a relief of the system or the device is effected or the forces are reduced.

In a pulverization of the ore in the first Pulverisierungsseinrichtung initially takes place a pressure application to the still little to no crushed ore lumps. The pressure application is effected by a ramp region which is helical shaped and formed on one or both comminution elements. Due to the helical shape, a conveying effect is generated during a rotation of a comminution element, by means of which the ore located between the comminuting elements, in particular between the ramp area of a comminution element and a corresponding area of the other comminuting element, is compacted or pressurized with increasing pressure. The pressure applied to the ore lumps usually causes the ore lumps to disintegrate into very small pieces and thus give way to pressure. In the presence of ore lumps that do not decay, the pressure generated threatens to increase further, whereby the load on the device components, in particular the crushing elements, the drive shaft, the bearings, etc., also increases sharply and even reach a level from the damage of one or more of these Components are possible. By using a spring device according to the invention, overloading of the components during operation of the first pulverization device can be prevented. Namely, the spring device springs in when the load becomes too great or exceeds a certain, in particular adjusted, level. Due to the deflection of the spring means results in a displacement of a crushing element, whereby the crushing elements are spaced apart. After or at a pressure drop between the crushing elements causes the deflected spring means a return of the crushing element in the starting position. As a result of the displacement of the comminuting element, the gap between the comminution elements was increased, as a result of which larger ore particles or ore lumps could escape from the first pulverization device. All the ore particles or ore lumps that have leaked out of the first pulverization device are fed to a separating device, by which a separation of the already sufficiently comminuted particles and the not yet sufficiently comminuted particles or ore lumps is effected. That's not enough Crushed ore particles or lumps are then again supplied to the first pulverization device or a second pulverization device.

Furthermore, it is likewise conceivable that ore particles or ore lumps can occur in the region of comminution projections of the comminuting elements and do not disintegrate as a result of the pressure acting on them. Since the crushing projections of the crushing elements are arranged radially spaced from the center of the crushing projections ore particles or ore lumps in this area cause the formation of high moments, which can lead to damage of the first Pulverisierungseinrichtung, in particular one or both crushing elements, the drive shaft, etc. The arrangement according to the invention of a spring device preferably also makes it possible, in this case, for a deflection of a comminuting element, in particular of the comminution element, which is coupled to the shaft.

Further advantageous embodiments of the device and the method according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and / or from the following description.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the comminution elements is arranged on a shaft for driving the comminution element, wherein the spring device is directly coupled to and prestressed by the shaft or the comminution element, and wherein the shaft and the comminution element arranged thereon counteract the spring force the spring device are displaceable. This embodiment is advantageous, since in particular a protection of the crushing elements and the shaft, which is connected to a crushing element, is effected.

A displacement of the shaft and of the comminuting element takes place in accordance with a further preferred embodiment as a function of the prestressing of the spring device, whereby a deflection of the spring device during operation of the first pulverizing device results from a deflection force generated between the two comminuting elements and directed against the spring force resulting from the bending force, when the deflection force exceeds the contact force. This embodiment is advantageous because the Spring force preferably serves as an essential parameter for the change in position of the shaft and / or the crushing element. The spring force is preferably arbitrarily changeable, whereby optimized settings or configurations can be provided for a wide variety of application and / or boundary conditions.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spring device comprises a mechanical suspension means, in particular a spiral spring, a pneumatic suspension means and / or a hydraulic suspension means. This embodiment is advantageous because the spring means depending on the application and / or boundary conditions is providable, whereby the device according to the invention is optimally adaptable.

The spring device has a plurality of spring means, wherein the individual spring means are arranged such that they press the comminution element coupled to the shaft in the direction of the other comminution element. This embodiment is advantageous because the different suspension means can be designed the same or different, which in turn a very precise adjustment of the desired total spring force can be undertaken.

The shaft is mounted according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention in a housing of the device by means of rolling bearings and coupled to a drive means for rotating the shaft and the crushing element arranged thereon. The storage by means of rolling bearings is advantageous because rolling bearings can absorb high forces and are very easy to adjust. Furthermore, this embodiment is advantageous since the rolling bearings are preferably arranged in the housing of the device according to the invention and thus protected from environmental influences.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spring device is arranged in an end region of the shaft or coupled to the shaft, wherein the end region is axially spaced from a second end region of the shaft on which the comminution element is arranged. Preferably, the rolling bearings are arranged for supporting the shaft between the end regions of the shaft. Farther is preferably also provided in the region of the end, in which the spring device is provided, a drive means or a coupling with a drive means. This embodiment is advantageous since the spring device is preferably spaced as far as possible from the comminution elements in order to avoid any damage or functional impairment as a result of the pulverized ore.

A crushing element according to the invention is arranged on a housing cover of the device in the extension direction of the axis of rotation at least temporarily, wherein the housing cover is movable relative to the device and wherein the fixed comminution element by means of a hydraulic device which connects the housing cover with the device to the other crushing element is pressed. The hydraulic device is preferably designed as a hydraulic spring means, which also includes a method of housing cover for opening and closing the housing for e.g. Maintenance works possible.

The spring constant of the spring device, the displacement of the crushing element and / or the spring travel of the spring device are variable according to a further preferred embodiment, in particular adjustable or replaceable. For example, adjustable means that a manipulation of the present objects results in a change of the respective variables. For example, if a mechanical spring is provided, this is e.g. can be manipulated or compressed by means of a screw, whereby the possible spring travel is shortened. Further, e.g. in the presence of a pneumatic spring, the pressure in a pneumatic cylinder changeable. Changing one of said variables by replacing one component means replacing that component with another component, preferably with different physical and / or mechanical properties. For example, e.g. in the presence of a mechanical spring another mechanical spring can be used, which consists of a different material, is larger, has a different shape, etc.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the displacement of the crushing element in operative engagement with the spring device is less than 5 cm, and preferably less than 3.5 cm, during operation of the first pulverizing device Furthermore, it is conceivable that the displacement of the comminuting element in operative engagement with the spring device is less than 5 cm during operation of the first pulverizing device and is preferably less than 3.5 cm and particularly preferably less than 1 cm. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the contact force generated by the spring device is at least 1000 N, preferably at least 2000 N and particularly preferably at least 10000 N.

Some or all representations of the figures described below are preferably to be considered as engineering drawings, i. the dimensions, proportions, functional relationships and / or arrangements resulting from the figure or figures preferably correspond exactly or preferably substantially to those of the device according to the invention or of the product according to the invention.

Further advantages, objects and characteristics of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of attached drawings, in which, by way of example, inventive devices for comminuting ore are shown. Components of the devices according to the invention, which in the figures at least substantially coincide in terms of their function, can be identified here with the same reference numerals, these components need not be quantified or explained in all figures.

Fig. 1

zeigt einen Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Fig. 2

zeigt einen Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung von Fig. 1 in einer auseinandergezogenen Darstellung;

Fig. 3

zeigt einen Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung von Fig. 1 als Draufsicht;

Fig. 4

zeigt eine seitliche Ansicht des Teils der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung von Fig. 1;

Fig. 5

zeigt einen Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht von Fig. 1;

Fig. 6a

zeigt einen Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung von Fig. 1 teilweise im Querschnitt;

Fig. 6b

zeigt die Darstellung der Fig. 6a ergänzt um einen Separator und dazugehörige Komponenten;

Fig. 7

zeigt schematisch die beiden Zerkleinerungselemente von Fig. 6 im Querschnitt;

Fig. 8

zeigt die beiden Zerkleinerungselemente von Fig. 7 in einer aufgeklappten Stellung;

Fig. 9

zeigt analog zu Fig. 8 ein Zerkleinerungselement schematisch dargestellt;

Fig. 10

zeigt das Zerkleinerungselement von Fig. 8 teilweise im Querschnitt;

Fig. 11

zeigt weitere Ausführungsformen der Zerkleinerungselemente für den Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 6a;

Fig. 12

zeigt schematisch ein Zerkleinerungselement von Fig. 11;

Fig. 13

zeigt das andere Zerkleinerungselement von Fig. 1 teilweise im Querschnitt;

Fig. 14

zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Explosionsdarstellung;

Fig. 15

zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer zweiten Pulverisierungseinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Fig. 16

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der zweiten Pulverisierungseinrichtung,

Fig. 17

zeigt eine schematische Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Erzzerkleinerungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 18

zeigt die Darstellung von Fig. 17 in einer geöffneten Konfiguration;

Fig. 19a

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung auf einer Transporteinrichtung in einer Draufsicht;

Fig. 19b

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung auf einer Transporteinrichtung in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 20

zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auf einer Plattform;

Fig. 21a

zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einem verschlossenen Zustand und mit einer Verschlusseinrichtung; und

Fig. 21b

zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einem geöffneten Zustand.

The invention will be described purely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1

shows a part of the device according to the invention in a perspective view;

Fig. 2

shows a part of the device according to the invention of Fig. 1 in an exploded view;

Fig. 3

shows a part of the device according to the invention of Fig. 1 as a top view;

Fig. 4

shows a side view of the part of the device according to the invention of Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 5

shows a part of the device according to the invention in a side view of Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 6a

shows a part of the device according to the invention of Fig. 1 partly in cross section;

Fig. 6b

shows the representation of Fig. 6a supplemented by a separator and associated components;

Fig. 7

schematically shows the two crushing elements of Fig. 6 in cross-section;

Fig. 8

shows the two crushing elements of Fig. 7 in an unfolded position;

Fig. 9

shows analogously to Fig. 8 a crushing element shown schematically;

Fig. 10

shows the crushing element of Fig. 8 partly in cross section;

Fig. 11

shows further embodiments of the crushing elements for the part of the device according to the invention according to Fig. 6a ;

Fig. 12

schematically shows a crushing element of Fig. 11 ;

Fig. 13

shows the other crushing element of Fig. 1 partly in cross section;

Fig. 14

shows a perspective view of the device according to the invention in an exploded view;

Fig. 15

shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a second pulverization device of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 16

shows a schematic representation of the second pulverization device,

Fig. 17

shows a schematic sectional view of the Erzer crushing device according to the invention;

Fig. 18

shows the representation of Fig. 17 in an open configuration;

Fig. 19a

shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention on a transport device in a plan view;

Fig. 19b

shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention on a transport device in a side view;

Fig. 20

shows a device according to the invention on a platform;

Fig. 21a

shows a device according to the invention in a closed state and with a closure device; and

Fig. 21b

shows a device according to the invention in an open state.

According to Fig. 1 the device according to the invention is shown, wherein the ore to be crushed or the slag to be crushed is introduced into a hopper or feed hopper 1, which represents the ore feed device. Alternatively, instead of a funnel, a screw conveyor may also be provided, which feeds the ore to be comminuted under pressure into the first pulverizing device. The ore is fed through the hopper 1 to the cylinder-like housing 3, which is mounted on a foot 2 and a foot 6. In this case 3, the pulverization of the ore to be crushed takes place. In this case, a motor 8 provides a drive roller 11 and a belt 10 and a pulley 9 for the transmission of torque from the motor 8 to the first pulverizing device.

As in particular from Fig. 2 can be seen, a suction opening 4 is optionally possible, through which the pulverized ore can be sucked by means of a negative pressure. Alternatively and in particular for the rule, an outlet funnel 14 is provided in the lower region of the housing 3, which generally forms the first outlet device. Through this discharge funnel 14, the pulverized ore is discharged by means of gravity or by suction from the device according to the invention.

A control flap 15 may be provided on the housing 3 to provide access to the interior of the housing if necessary. However, this is not necessary for the function of the device according to the invention. As in particular from Fig. 3 can be seen, the control flap 15 as well as the feed hopper 1 in the upper region of the device according to the invention is arranged. Further, the ore may pass through the feed hopper in a continuous manner to the first pulverizer be fed or supplied in a non-continuous manner, the first pulverizing device, if only sporadically ore or slag is supplied to the device according to the invention.

The Fig. 4 respectively. Fig. 5 each show a side view of the device according to the invention, from which it can be seen that the outlet funnel 14 is provided in the lower region of the cylindrical housing 3.

From the Fig. 6a In particular, the function and structure of the first pulverization device can be seen. The pulley 9 is, as already described, driven by the motor 8 and transmits this torque via a shaft 21 to a thereby rotating crushing element 30. The crushing element 30 is constructed in the simplest form as a rotating rotary member 30 with a disk-shaped configuration, which together with a fixed fixed element 40, the first pulverization device 300 forms. How out Fig. 6 can be seen, the ore to be crushed through the inlet hopper 1 is thereby fed into the housing 3, that a feed opening 41 is provided substantially in the center of the fixed element. The ore material supplied through the supply port 41 is then pulverized between the fixed member 40 and the rotating rotary member 30 and discharged and pulverized in a pulverized form radially outward between the two crushing members 30, 40 and collected within the casing 3 in pulverized form, and then from the Outlet funnel 14 discharged.

If one considers in detail the course of the material or of the stones in the device according to the invention, the material or the stone first passes into the machine via a feed funnel. Per passage opening in the midst of the fixed disc jaw or the stationary crushing element 40, the material enters the space, wherein the driven disc jaw or the crushing element 30 provides for the acceleration of the material or the earthenware. In the geometry of the disc jaws 30, 40 driving elements are preferably integrated, which put the supplied ore in a radial velocity. With the absorbed acceleration energy, the stones collide with each other and this leads to highly efficient pulverization of the ground material.

This micro-impact is based on the material being accelerated by the relative movement of the comminuting elements 30, 40 or of the jaws, and due to the narrowness of the interspace, the comminution takes place in very rapid time intervals. The driver elements on the disc jaws 30, 40 ensure the high speeds in the radial as well as in the axial direction, so that in the sequence the resulting powder is pressed outward from the gap and as powder or powder for further processing by discharge funnel 14 back out of the device 290 arrives. The degree of pulverization-in other words, the particle size-determines in particular the distance between the two disc jaws or the two comminution elements 30, 40. The smaller the distance, the finer the particle size. Adding water shortens the work process in the mill again. The operating personnel thus has several setting parameters for required grain sizes - and this without any dust load.

In Fig. 6b is the in Fig. 6a shown inventive device modified shown. According to this illustration, a pump device 410 adjoins the outlet funnel 14, to which in turn a separating device 413 adjoins. The separating device 413 is particularly preferably designed as a centrifuge. The ore fed via the outlet funnel 14 of the pump device 410 is preferably accelerated and / or pressurized by means of the pump device 410 and introduced into the separating device 413 via a line section 419, in particular a pipe or a hose. However, it is also conceivable that the pump device 410 is directly or directly connected to the separating device 413. Ore is discharged via the first outlet 414, which is again to be supplied to the first pulverization device, in particular to the size reduction elements 30, 40. The feed of the ore discharged via the first outlet 414 preferably takes place according to the transport path T2, ie the ore to be further comminuted is preferably fed to the feed hopper 1. Particularly preferably, the housing 3, the first pulverization device 300 and / or the feed hopper 1 to a feed port 520, via the flowable substances of the first pulverization device 300 are fed. In particular, the ore conveyed via T2 is regarded as flowable substance. Furthermore, the feed port 520 may have a plurality of coupling points for coupling one or more further line elements. Thus, it is likewise conceivable that a line or a line element for supplying a liquid, in particular water or a liquid having water, is coupled via the feed connection 520 to the device 290 according to the invention. The separating device 41 has prefers a second outlet 416, from which the already sufficiently crushed ore is discharged. The sufficiently comminuted ore or ore which is no longer to be supplied to the first pulverization device 300, ie the comminution elements 30, 40, is preferably conveyed corresponding to the transport path T3 directly to a further processing device, in particular a second pulverization device (cf. Fig. 17 ) or a flotation device.

Furthermore, the Figures 6a and 6b schematically illustrated in the region of an axial end 521 of the shaft 21, a spring device 504. The spring device 504 may be formed, for example, as a mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic suspension means and is preferably arranged between the pulley 9 and the shaft 21. However, it is conceivable that the spring device 504 may also be formed or provided at other positions in the region of the shaft 21. The reference character S1 indicates a displacement path which can be traveled by the shaft 21 or between which the shaft 21 is variably supported when the shaft 21 is displaced in its axial direction and causes a deflection of the spring device 504.

In a pulverization of the ore in the first Pulverisierungseinrichtung 300 initially takes place a pressure application to the still little to no crushed ore lumps. The pressure application is effected by a ramp portion 31 which is helical shaped and formed on one or both comminution elements 30, 40. Due to the helical shape, a conveying effect is generated during a rotation of a comminution element 30, through which the ore located between the comminution elements 30, 40, in particular between the ramp region 31 of a comminuting element 30 and a corresponding region 42 of the other comminution element 40, is densified increasing pressure is applied. The pressure applied to the ore lumps usually causes the ore lumps to disintegrate into very small pieces and thus give way to pressure. In the presence of ore lumps that do not decay, the pressure generated threatens to increase further, whereby the load on the device components, in particular the crushing elements 30, 40, the drive shaft 21, the bearings 506, 508, etc. also increases sharply and can even reach a level , from which damage to one or more of these components is possible. Due to the use according to the invention of a spring device 504, an overload of the components during operation of the first Pulverization device 300 can be prevented. Namely, the spring device 504 springs in when the load becomes too great or exceeds a certain, in particular adjusted, level. Due to the deflection of the spring device 504 results in a displacement of a crushing element 30, whereby the crushing elements 30, 40 are spaced from each other. After or at a pressure drop between the crushing elements 30, 40 causes the deflected spring means 504, a return of the crushing element 30 in the starting position. As a result of the displacement of the comminution element 30, the gap between the comminution elements 30, 40 was increased, as a result of which larger ore particles or ore lumps could emerge from the first pulverization device 300. All the ore particles or ore lumps that have emerged from the first pulverization device 300 are supplied to a separating device 413, by which a separation of the already sufficiently comminuted particles and the not yet sufficiently comminuted particles or ore lumps is effected. The not yet sufficiently comminuted ore particles or ore lumps are then again supplied to the first pulverization device 300 or a second pulverization device 301.

Furthermore, it is likewise conceivable that ore particles or ore lumps can occur in the region of comminution projections 35, 45 of the comminuting elements 30, 40 and do not disintegrate as a result of the pressure acting on them. Since the comminution projections 35, 45 of the comminution elements 30, 40 are arranged radially spaced from the center of the comminution projections 35, 45, ore particles or ore particles in this area cause the formation of high moments, which damage the first pulverization device 300, in particular one or both comminution elements 30 , 40, the drive shaft 21, etc., can lead. The inventive arrangement of a spring device 504 preferably also in this case allows a deflection of a comminuting element 30, 40, in particular of the comminuting element 30, which is coupled to the shaft 21, to take place.

The type of pulverization according to the invention requires only a short time due to the small space requirement of the comminuting space, whereby the pulverized ore is transported away through a gap 60 between the two comminution elements 30, 40 during the rotation of the rotary element to the outside and from both comminuting elements 30, 40, as exemplified by the powdered ore 55 in Fig. 7 is shown. This means that the ore lumps are pulverized by a relative movement in the form of a rotation between the two comminution elements 30, 40, wherein according to another embodiment, two comminution elements 30, 40 can be used with different rotational speeds and the same or opposite direction of rotation.

The pulverization is especially with regard to Fig. 7 explained in more detail. Analogous to Fig. 6a the ore to be comminuted is fed via the feed opening 41, which is preferably located substantially in the center of the comminution section 40, which is preferably designed as a fixed element, into a comminuting space between the fixed element 40 and the rotary element 30. In Fig. 7 By way of example, individual ore lumps 50 are shown, which show the ore to be comminuted. After the nuggets 50 to be crushed come into contact with the rotary member 30 through the supply port 41, the rotation of the rotary member 30 causes the nuggets 30 to be accelerated radially outward and in the rotational direction of the rotary member 30. For this purpose, the two crushing elements form a crushing space, wherein one or more acceleration elements are arranged on at least the rotary element or the fixed element in order to provide for an acceleration and a corresponding comminution of the supplied ore. As a result of the rotation of the rotary element 30, the ore to be comminuted is pulverized directly by the contact with the rotary element 30 and also pulverized by the contact of already partially comminuted ore and also by contact with the fixed element 40 in the comminuting space.

Fig. 8 shows the two crushing elements of Fig. 7 in the unfolded state along with exemplarily arranged to be comminuted ore 50 and pulverized ore 55. The ore to be comminuted 50 is fed via the feed opening 41 through the fixed element 40 in the crushing space between the two crushing elements, as already explained. Optionally, the rotary member 30 has a ramp portion 31 which has a rising pitch from the start of the ramp 32 to the ramp end 33 and may be part of the crushing space. As a result of the rotation of the rotary element 30, the ore 50 to be comminuted is already comminuted on account of the rising ramp region 31, as shown schematically by the decreasing spherical ore particles 51 and 52. The ramp region 31 cooperates with a ring region 42 of the fixed element 40. Subsequently, the ore of protrusions 35, which act as accelerating elements, accelerated and pulverized due to the rotation of the rotary member 30, which in Fig. 8 are arranged at a uniform spacing in the circumferential direction of the rotary member 30. The fixed element 40 may also have projections 45, which are arranged analogously to the projections 35 of the rotary member 30. Between the projections 35 of the rotary member corresponding recesses 36 are provided on the end face of the rotary member 30 as part of the crushing space. Specifically, the protrusions 35 have a predetermined angle in the transition to the recesses 36 to accelerate the ore to be crushed in both the radial direction in accordance with the rotation and the axial direction of the rotation axis of the rotary member. As a result, the ore to be comminuted is accelerated into the center of the comminution space, where it encounters other accelerated ore elements, resulting in a fictitious pulverization by the micro-impact.

Optionally, the fixed element 30 has corresponding recesses 46 between the projections 45 of the fixed element 40. After the ore between the fixed member 40 and the rotary member 30 has been pulverized by the acceleration by means of the protrusions 35, the ramp portion 31 and the protrusions 45 of the fixed member due to the rotation, the pulverized ore 45 enters the space 60 between the two crushing members 30 , 40. As already described, the gap 60 is formed by the variable distance between the two crushing elements 30, 40, wherein in addition to the variable distance both in the rotary member 30 star-shaped away from the axis of rotation of the rotary member 30 leading Auslasseinschnitte 61 provided in the rotary member 30 could be. Similarly, Auslasseinschnitte 62 are provided in the fixed element 40 at a uniform spacing. As schematically with respect to rotary element 30 in FIG Fig. 8 2, the pulverized ore 55 is discharged to the outside through the outlet recesses 61 and 62, respectively. If the distance between the rotary member 30 and the fixed member 40 is almost non-existent, that is, the two members are substantially abutted against each other, the pulverized ore 55 is discharged to the outside substantially through the outlet recesses 61 and 62, respectively. The variable distance between the two comminution elements can be adjusted in particular by a hydraulic device, wherein preferably the fixed element 40 can be variably positioned in the axial direction with respect to the rotary element 30 to adjust the pulverization in particular to a different ore material in terms of size or composition can.

According to a further embodiment, the fixed element 30 or the rotary element 40 or the two comminution elements can be moved apart hydraulically in the axial direction for repair and assembly work. Alternatively, they can be removed from the operating position by a pivoting movement of one of the two crushing elements from each other. As a result, for example, the acceleration elements 35 or other elements of the first pulverization device subjected to high mechanical stress can be processed or replaced. Furthermore, this enables mechanically highly loaded elements within the first pulverization device or for example the acceleration elements or projections 35 to be constructed from different materials and can be exchanged as required. This allows wear parts within the crushing space, such as the projections, also adapted to different ore material.

With regard Fig. 6 , which illustrates a schematically enlarged distance between the rotary member 30 and the fixed member 40, it can be seen that at only a small distance the ore to be crushed is thrown radially outwardly by the rotation and is caught by the casing 3 before the pulverized Ore is discharged via the outlet funnel 14 of the inventive device 290, for example, only by gravity or additionally by a suction device or a pump device or the like.

Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of a fixed element 140, which has a feed opening 141 in the center. In essence, the fixed element 140 is that of Fig. 8 identical, wherein the fixed element 140 has obliquely Auslasseinschnitte 162 through which the pulverized ore is transported to the outside.

This in Fig. 9 shown fixed element 41 may also be used in the illustrated form as a second rotary element, which compared to the in Fig. 8 illustrated rotary member 30 may have a different relative speed.

In the Fig. 9 The embodiment of a comminution element shown has an angular range 144, which extends in each case on both sides from the acceleration element 143 to the recess 145. Depending on the direction of rotation, however, these two angular regions 144 may also be provided on only one side of the acceleration element 143 in order to accelerate the ore to be comminuted, depending on the direction of rotation of the comminuting element, both radially and axially with respect to the rotation of the comminuting element. As a result, together with the acceleration elements of the in Fig. 8 shown rotating element 30 give a particularly effective pulverization, especially if the acceleration elements of the rotary member 30 also have an angular range, which is the angular ranges 144 of the crushing of Fig. 9 Congruent or are arranged substantially mirror images of each other.

In Fig. 10 is a cross section of the fixed element 40 of Fig. 8 illustrated, wherein the feed opening 41 has a funnel-shaped structure.

According to Fig. 11 a further embodiment of the crushing elements according to the present invention is shown.

Alternatively to the crushing elements according to the FIGS. 7 to 10 are in the Fig. 11 to Fig. 13 further embodiments for cooperating crushing elements shown, which within the inventive device according to Fig. 6 can be arranged.

In Fig. 11 For example, a fixed element 240 and a rotating rotary element 230 are shown, wherein the ore to be comminuted 50 is fed via the feed opening 241 into the comminuting space between the fixed element 240 and the rotary element 230. How out Fig. 11 Further, the crushing space between the fixed member 240 and the rotary member 230 is formed from the rotation axis of the rotary member 230 to the outside substantially conically tapered, whereby the pulverization of the ore is accomplished on the one hand. The other is off Fig. 12 it can be seen that the rotary element 230 has recesses 236, which are arranged at a uniform distance around the axis of rotation of the rotary element. These recesses 236 provide in particular by the obliquely arranged transitions of the recess 236 for acceleration and thus a pulverization of the ore due to the rotation, which ensures a relative movement between the rotary member 230 and the fixed element 240.

In Fig. 13 is the fixed element 240 of Fig. 11 shown, which together with the rotary member 230 of Fig. 12 interacts. The fixed element 240 shows in cross section in Fig. 13 the feed opening 241. The fixed element 240 has analogous to the rotary member 230 recesses 246 in the radial direction about the center of the axis of rotation. In particular, the chamfered portions of the recesses 236, 246 of the rotary member 230 and the fixed member 240 provide for an acceleration and crushing of the ore, which is discharged in powdered form through the gap 260 between the rotary member 230 and the fixed member 240 to the outside.

According to the invention, a method for comminuting ore material and / or, in particular, slag is thus provided, wherein the ore feed device 1 is provided for feeding ore 50 to be comminuted to a first pulverizing device. The first pulverization device is constructed of at least two mutually movable comminution elements 30, 40 which together form a comminuting space for the ore to be comminuted, thereby pulverizing the ore to be comminuted by a relative movement in the form of a rotation of at least one of the two comminution elements 30, 40 is that at least one of the crushing elements 30, 40 one or more acceleration elements, in particular projections, are provided, which are arranged in particular on the front side of one of the two crushing elements 30, 40, and which by the rotation of one of the two crushing elements 30, 40 accelerate or crush the ore to be comminuted. Between the two comminution elements 30, 40 and / or in at least one of the two comminution elements, a gap 60 is provided, through which during the rotation the pulverized ore from the center of the rotation or from the axis of rotation of the rotary element to the outside and from the two comminution elements 30th , 40 is transported away. The thus pulverized ore between the two crushing elements is discharged through an outlet device which is at least functionally connected to the intermediate space 60, to the outside.

Purely optionally, water can still be fed through the ore feed device into the comminution chamber during the comminution process through a water inlet (not shown) or through the supply of water. The water forms together with the ore during and after the pulverization a mud-like compound, wherein the water is transported together with the pulverized ore material through the outlet device.

As already with regard to Fig. 8 has been explained, the ramp area 31 is particularly advantageous for the slag crushing, since such a ramp area on the rotary member for pre-shredding of slag due to the rotation of the rotary member provides, in the transport direction after the ramp area projections and / or recesses according to the invention in the Crushing elements are provided to pulverize the particularly brittle and hard slag.

It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the number of protrusions on the two comminution elements may be the same, however, a different number of accelerator elements may be provided on the two comminution elements. According to an embodiment, not shown, both crushing elements can rotate in the opposite direction to increase the relative movement between the two crushing elements. However, this leads to a higher construction costs and is to be made only in special cases.

In particular, the shape of the crushing chamber, which is formed by the two crushing elements, in different ways executable, with different types of accelerating elements may be arranged in plate-shaped or wedge-shaped or similar form, accelerated by the ore to be crushed between the two crushing elements and thereby pulverized becomes.

According to an embodiment, not shown, in addition to the crushing between the two crushing elements may also be provided a further crushing chamber, which is provided independently of the two crushing elements, but is integrated into the device according to the invention.

Thus, a device according to the invention and a method according to the invention for comminuting ore material and / or slag is described which comprises an ore feed device for supplying ore to be comminuted to a first pulverizing device, wherein the first pulverizing device is constructed of at least two mutually movable crushing elements form with each other at least one crushing space for the ore to be crushed, that by a relative movement in the form of a rotation of at least one of the two crushing the ore to be crushed is pulverized by one or more acceleration elements, in particular projections are provided on at least one of the crushing elements which are arranged in particular on the front side of at least one of the two comminution elements and which by the rotation of one of the two crushing elements to accelerating and comminuting crushing ore, and wherein between the two crushing elements and / or in at least one of the two crushing elements is provided a gap through which during the rotation the pulverized ore is transported away from the center of rotation and away from the two crushing elements, and wherein an outlet device, in particular an outlet device is provided, which is connected to the housing of the device through which the pulverized ore is discharged.

In Fig. 14 an exploded perspective view of the device 290 according to the invention is shown. This illustration shows that the device 290 in the region of a first pulverization device 300 has a feed device 1, in particular a feed hopper 1, by means of which ore to be processed can be conducted into the housing 3 to the first pulverization device 300. The housing 3 is preferably positioned by means of two plate-like feet 2, 6 with respect to the ground or with a preferably below the housing 3 arranged frame member 305 coupled. The housing 3 of the first pulverization device 300 preferably has an opening 4, in particular a suction opening 4 for the suction of already crushed ore. Furthermore, below the housing 3 or in the lower region of the housing 3, ie preferably in the region below the first pulverization device 300 and / or below the second pulverization device 301, an outlet device 14 (cf. Fig. 17 ) educated.

Reference numeral 430 preferably denotes a hydraulic device (cf. Fig. 21a / b ).

The second pulverizer 301 is formed laterally adjacent to the first pulverizer 300. The first pulverizer 300 and the second pulverizer 301 are disposed on the same frame member 305. Preferably, a housing wall 306 of the housing 3 is coupled on the one hand to the first pulverization device 300 and on the other hand to the second pulverization device 301. The housing wall 306 preferably has a plurality of fixing points 354, 381 for arranging, receiving and / or fixing a first means 302 for fixing and / or supporting a preferably designed as Mahlring 344 rotating body, a second means 303 for fixing and / or storing the grinding ring 344th and a third means 304 for fixing and / or supporting the grinding ring 344. The Mahlring 344 is preferably movably supported and driven by the movement means 302, 303 and 304. Furthermore, the grinding ring 344 preferably encloses in the radial direction at least one further rotation body 345 and particularly preferably at least or exactly two rotational bodies 345, 380, which are particularly preferably designed as drum-like bodies. Furthermore, an opening 382 is preferably formed in the housing wall 306. The first opening 382 is particularly preferred for performing the drive shaft, which is provided for driving the crushing element 30.

The first means 302 and the second means 303 are preferably identical in design and preferably arranged below a center of the grinding ring 344 in the vertical direction. The means 302, 303 may also be referred to as axles or movable shafts 371, 313. Preferably, the first means 302 and the second means 303 each have a force introduction element, in particular a drive wheel 367, on. The drive elements 367 are preferably mechanically coupled together and thus simultaneously or synchronously movable or driven. The drive wheel 367 is preferably followed in the axial direction by a disk element 364, a fixing element 366, a stop element 361, rolling bearings and / or one or more receiving sleeves 356, by means of which the axles or shafts 371, 313 preferably engage with the grinding ring 344 in an operative connection can be brought on.

Preferably, a drive wheel 367 of a means 302, 303 is directly or indirectly connected to a further drive element 368, in particular a gear for transmitting drive forces. The toothed wheel 368 is preferably connected via an endless element 369, in particular a chain or a belt, to a further drive element, in particular a further toothed wheel 368, which is preferably arranged directly on a drive device, in particular a motor 370. However, it is also conceivable that the motor 370 directly cooperates with one of the drive wheels 367 or is arranged thereon.

The third means for fixing and / or force transmission 304, which is preferably also denoted as upper axis or shaft 357, is preferably arranged above the center of the grinding ring 344 and particularly preferably arranged in the vertical direction just above the center of the grinding ring 344. The third means 304 preferably comprises a disk element 365, a fixing body 363, an inner cover element 362, a nut 360, a washer 359, roller bearings 358 and / or one or more receiving sleeves 355, by means of which the shaft 357 preferably with the grinding ring 344 can be brought into an operative connection, on.

The first means 302, the second means 303 and / or the third means 304 are preferably aligned substantially or exactly parallel to each other, wherein preferably at least one of these means 302, 303, 304 is also aligned substantially or exactly parallel to a rotation axis of a crushing element ,

Furthermore, the reference numeral 307 denotes a fourth means for fixing and / or force transmission. The fourth means 307 is preferably used for aligning or holding the rotary body 345, 380 with respect to the Mahlring 344. However, it is also conceivable that the fourth means 307 has a drive means for the active drive or a rotational body 345, 380 or with a coupled to such a drive device. The fourth means 307 may preferably be referred to as an axle or shaft 351 and preferably has an outer cover element 354, a fixing device 366, an inner cover element 352, a spacer element 348 for receiving and / or spacing the axles 347, Wälzlagerabdeckelemente 348, axles 347 and /. or rolling bearings 346 on. The rotary bodies 345, 380 are therefore rotatably supported by the bearings 346.

In Fig. 15 is a detailed perspective view of components of the second pulverization device 301 shown. According to this illustration, the second pulverization device 301 has a rotational body designed as a grinding ring 344, which encloses two further rotational bodies 345, 380, which are embodied as drum-like grinding elements or grinding drums, radially at least in sections and preferably completely. Axially, the grinding ring 344 and the grinding drums 345, 380 preferably have substantially the same length, wherein it is also conceivable that the grinding drums 345, 380 are made axially longer than the grinding ring 344 or vice versa. The grinding drums 345, 380 preferably have an outer surface 383, which are preferably spherical, in particular starting from its substantially axial center tapering towards its axial ends, are formed. The inner surface 383 of the grinding ring 344 is preferably cylindrical, wherein it is also conceivable that it is negative or substantially negative to the outer surface 383 of the grinding drums 345, 380 is formed. The outer surface 384 of the grinding ring 344 is preferably cylindrical. With the outer surface 384 of the grinding ring 344 are preferably exactly three means 302, 303, 304 for fixing and / or force transmission, in particular via a respective element 55 for guiding the grinding ring 344, preferably in a line contact and particularly preferably in a surface contact.

The reference numeral 348 preferably denotes a bearing cover, which preferably the drum body of the grinding drum 380 and the bearing, which preferably as a roller bearing consisting of preferably at least or exactly two rolling bearings 346 (see. Fig. 14 ), at least partially radially overlapped, in particular covered such that the storage is protected from the entry of ore powder.

The axes of rotation of the two grinding drums 344, 380 are preferably arranged spaced apart by a spacing element 349. The spacing element 349 is preferably designed as a strut-shaped, in particular plate-shaped, receiving element, in particular of metal. In addition to the grinding drums 345, 380, a fixing body 366 is also preferably arranged on the spacing element 349 or coupled to the spacing element 349. The fixing body 366 can in this case for the one-sided attachment of the grinding drum unit 345, 380, 348, 349 on a housing part (not shown), in particular a further housing wall, be provided. However, it is also conceivable that the fixing body 366 is designed as a drive unit 366 and serves for actively driving the grinding drums 344, 380.

The first means for fixing and transmitting 302 and the second means for fixing and transmitting 303 have gears 367 which are interconnected by a chain 360. It can also be seen that the second means for fixing and transmitting 303 is also provided with a circular disk-like power transmission plate 368 formed radially for receiving a belt 372 through which the second means for fixing and transmitting power 302 with another round power transmission plate 368 which in turn is connected to a drive device 370, in particular a motor for operating the second pulverization device 301.

In Fig. 16 is a sectional view represented by the Erzzerkleinerungsvorrichtung 290 according to the invention. It can be seen from this illustration, the device housing 3, which by means of feet 6 against a substrate or a support frame (see. Fig. 19 or Fig. 20a / b ) is held. The housing 3 encloses the second pulverization device 301 preferably completely in the circumferential direction. On the inner surface of the housing 3 or on the second Pulverisierungsseinrichtung 301 facing surface side of the housing are preferably a plurality of holding devices, in particular exactly three holding devices namely a first holding means 402, a second holding means 403 and a third holding means 404, respectively. The holding devices 402, 403, 404 are preferably used for positioning or holding drive and / or guide elements 355. The drive and / or guide elements 355 are preferably rollers which are rotatably arranged on the holding devices 402, 403, 404. Preferably, at least one of the drive and / or guide elements 355 is driven by means of a motor. Particularly preferably, two or all drive and / or guide elements 355 are driven, in particular by a motor or by a respective motor. The drive and / or guide elements 355 serve for driving and / or guiding the grinding ring 344. The grinding ring 344 is preferably adjacent to the housing wall 406. The housing wall 406 preferably has a central opening 382, which is used to carry out a drive device, in particular a shaft, for driving the first Pulverization device 300, in particular of the size reduction element 30 (see. Fig. 6 and Fig. 17 ) is provided. Furthermore, in the housing wall 406, a feed device 408 is formed or the feed device 408 is preferably tubular and extends through the wall 406 therethrough. The feed device 408 is preferably used for feeding material already pulverized with the first pulverization device 300. The feed device 408 preferably extends within the housing 3 or into a region enclosed by the grinding ring 344 in such a way that the material supplied by means of the feed device 408 is introduced in front of the first grinding drum 345. The grinding ring 344 preferably rotates in the direction indicated by the reference R, whereby the material introduced in front of the first grinding drum 345 is conveyed between the grinding ring 344 and the grinding drum 345. Through the interaction of grinding ring 344 and grinding drum 345, the material is further crushed or pulverized. Furthermore, a second grinding drum 380 is shown, it is thus conceivable that a plurality of grinding drums 345, 380 are used. It is preferably conceivable that any number of grinding drums 345, 380, in particular exactly, more or less than one, two, three, four or five grinding drums, are used. The individual grinding drums 345, 380 are preferably rotatable and particularly preferably actively driven by means of a drive device. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the grinding drums 345, 380 only passively, ie driven or rotated as a result of rotation of the grinding ring 344. The grinding drums 345, 380 are preferably arranged on the housing wall 406 via spacer elements 349 for receiving the grinding drums 345, 380 via coupling points 412. It is conceivable here that the positions of the grinding drums 345, 380 can be changed or adjusted by means of the spacing elements 349. The distance, in particular a maximum distance, of the outer grinding drum surface to the inner Mahlringoberfläche is preferably adjustable.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the grinding drums 345, 380 or one of the grinding drums 345, 380 is spring-loaded or pressed against the grinding ring or biased.

In Fig. 17 is one opposite the Fig. 6a around the second pulverizing device 301 extended ersatz grinding device 290 according to the invention shown. The ore shredder device 290 has a feed hopper 1, via which coarse material to be shredded can be introduced into the device. The material is conveyed by means of the first pulverizing device 300, in particular by the interacting elements 30, 40, ie the crushing element 30 and the fixed element 40, crushed. The comminuted pieces of material are moved out of the area between the elements 30, 40, in particular by gravity, and reach a funnel 14. The elements 30, 40 are preferably at a distance of substantially, exactly or at most 7 cm and more preferably in FIG a distance of substantially, exactly or at most 5 cm and more preferably at a distance of substantially, exactly or at most 3.5 cm to each other. It is conceivable that the distance between the elements 30, 40 is adjustable, in particular variable, is. Particularly preferably, the distance between the elements 30, 40 can be adjusted continuously or in predefined stages. The funnel 14 passes the comminuted material, according to the arrow T1, via a pump device 410 into a separator or into a separating device 413. The separator 413 separates, in particular ciclo-type, sufficiently comminuted material portions of material portions which have not been sufficiently comminuted. The insufficiently comminuted material portions, which have been separated by the separator 413 from the sufficiently comminuted material portions, are discharged from the separator 413 via a first outlet port 414 or branch, and are conveyed according to the conveyor line indicated by the reference numeral T2 of a feed device 408 (cf. Fig. 16 ). The introduction device 408 is preferably mounted in the region of the wall 406 and serves for introducing the material fractions to be further comminuted into the second pulverization device 301. It is additionally or alternatively also conceivable for the further material fractions to be comminuted to be fed again to the first pulverization device 300. Reference numeral 416 denotes a second outlet opening or a further branch. By means of the second outlet opening 416 or by means of the further branch, the sufficiently pulverized ore according to the conveyor line T3 can be diverted or discharged from the area of the device 290, wherein the ore is preferably conveyed or conducted directly to a flotation device. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the separator 413 has three outlet devices and the comminuted material assigns three material size range, wherein the already sufficiently comminuted material is further promoted according to T3 and the insufficiently comminuted material is divided into a coarse and a fine portion. The coarse fraction can then be fed again to the first pulverization device 300 and the fine fraction can be fed to the second pulverization device 301, in particular according to FIG.

The sufficiently comminuted, in particular pulverized, material fractions are removed from the ore comminution device via the arrow marked in accordance with the arrow designated by the reference symbol T3, and are particularly preferably supplied directly to a flotation device.

It can be seen from this illustration that at least two shafts 357, 371 are provided. The shafts 357, 371 serve to drive the elements for guiding and / or driving 355. Preferably, the individual shafts 357, 371 are connected to drive devices 304. Furthermore, a third wave is particularly preferred (cf. Fig. 14 ) for driving a third guiding and / or driving element 355 (cf. Fig. 15 ) intended.

Furthermore, the grinding drums 345, 380 are shown, which are enclosed in the circumferential direction of the Mahlring.

Furthermore, the reference numeral 504 designates a spring means, e.g. can be designed as a mechanical compression spring or coil spring, gas spring or as a hydraulic spring. The spring means 504 causes the shaft 21 and thus the crushing means 30 is axially loaded with a force of several tons. This means that an axial displacement of the shaft 21 in the X-direction takes place only when, for example, as a result of a material jam between the crushing elements 30, 40 forces are generated, which are directed in the X direction and exceed the spring force. The spring device 504 thus advantageously causes the shaft 21 and the crushing elements 30, 40 to be exposed in X-direction only to a predetermined or set maximum force, whereby these elements are protected from damage. The displacement S1 of the shaft 21 as a result of a deflection of the spring means 504 is preferably in the range of a few or a few millimeters to a few or a few centimeters.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the spring force can be set or predefined in such a way that defined ore particle sizes can be generated. The smaller the spring force, the larger the resulting ore particle sizes.

Preferably, the spring force is infinitely or continuously or in stages adjustable.

Reference numerals 506 and 508 denote roller bearings, by means of which the shaft 21 is preferably mounted. The roller bearings 506 are preferably designed as ball bearings and the rolling bearings 508 are preferably designed as a tapered bearing or needle roller bearings.

In Fig. 18 is the in Fig. 17 shown embodiment in an open configuration. In this configuration, at least the comminution element 30, and preferably the entire interior of the device 290, is preferably accessible to a person for maintenance work. The housing cover 420 is by means of an actuator 434 or by means of several actuators, in particular exactly two actuators 434, a hydraulic device (see. Fig. 21a / b ) move to the open position.

In Fig. 19a a transport device 386 is shown in a plan view, on which a shredding device 290 according to the invention is arranged. The transport device 386 is preferably designed as a trailer that can be pulled by a motor vehicle. For this purpose, the transport device 386 has a frame 388, on which the shredding device 290 is preferably arranged permanently. However, it is also conceivable that the shredding device 290 is detachably coupled to the transport device 386. On the frame 388 at least or exactly two wheels per axis are preferably arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the transport device 386 has exactly one axis, it being conceivable that it has several, in particular two or three, axes. Via the coupling point 392, the transport device 386 can be coupled to a motor vehicle or another trailer.

In Fig. 19b is a side view of in Fig. 19a shown representation

In Fig. 20 If the shredding device 290 according to the invention is arranged on a frame 393. Instead of a frame 393, however, the shredding device 290 may alternatively be arranged on a scaffold or a platform. In the Fig. 20 shown arrangement is advantageous because the discharge area 394, from which the crushed material is discharged, is easily accessible due to the distance between the crusher 290 and the ground.

Furthermore, by the reference numerals 450, 452, the drive means or motors characterized, via which the rotary ring body 344 (see. Fig. 15 ) is drivable.

In Fig. 21a For example, the device 290 of the invention is shown in a closed configuration. In this closed configuration, the housing cover 420, which preferably communicates with the supply funnel 1, abuts against the housing 3, in particular sealingly. The housing cover 420 is preferably held by means of a closure device 430, which is particularly preferably designed as a hydraulic device, and preferably pressed against the housing 3. The hydraulic device 430 preferably has a stator 432, which is particularly preferably arranged in the region of the housing 3 or on the housing 3. The stator 430 is preferably coupled to an actuator 434 such that it is displaceable in the direction of extension of the axis of rotation of the comminution element 30. Preferably, such a hydraulic device 430 is arranged on both sides of the housing 3. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the said hydraulic devices are also arranged in the region of the upper and lower wall region of the housing 3. It is also conceivable that more than two, in particular three or four, hydraulic devices 430 are provided, in particular in the upper and lower housing region and in the lateral housing regions. In the case of a plurality of hydraulic devices 430, these are preferably actuatable at the same time, in particular via a control device. The actuator 434 is preferably connected or coupled to the housing cover 420 via an actuator housing cover coupling point 436.

In Fig. 21b For example, device 290 is shown in an open or opened configuration. The open or open configuration is characterized in that the housing cover 420 is at least partially removed from the housing 3 or spaced. Such spacing may be as shown, ie, the housing cover 420 may be spaced from the housing 3 by a generally predetermined distance. The spacing is preferably carried out by means of one or more hydraulic devices 432. However, it is also conceivable that the housing cover 420 on the one hand on the housing. 3 rests and is pivoted about the abutment point by means of the closure device or hydraulic device 430.

The feed hopper 1 and the comminution element 40 are preferably arranged on the housing cover 420. By means of the feed hopper 1, the ore to be supplied is preferably through the housing cover 420 and through the crushing element 40 into the closed housing 3 (see. Fig. 21a ) can be filled

Furthermore, the representation of Fig. 21b to take a designated by the reference numeral 500 human. It can further be seen from this illustration that by means of the hydraulic device 430 the housing cover 420 with the devices arranged thereon, in particular the comminution element 40, is movable so far that a person 500 is moved into the device 290 by the opening 502 resulting from the housing cover displacement can go into it or wait for some or all components in it. As maintenance work wear elements such as the ramp portion 31, the projections 35, the projections 45 of the two crushing elements 30, 40 (see. Fig. 8 ) be replaced.

The hydraulic device 430 can additionally serve as a spring device for the variable storage of the comminution element 40.

The device according to the invention also has process advantages in dry and / or wet process. In this context, the process independence of water is particularly important. The device according to the invention works both dry and wet - an advantage which the process chain of crushers and mills has to distinguish on the basis of the function. Furthermore, the Micro Impact mill also crushes slag or a mixture of slag and ore material, which overstrains the shredding technology of classic plants due to the hardness of the material.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that this device can process rock and / or slag. Even bricks from blast furnaces do not bother her. Viewed from the scope of performance, the device according to the invention can even be the entire process chain of several Replace crusher and ball mill. Rock fragments preferably up to 80 cm, more preferably up to 50 cm and particularly preferably up to 40 cm are processed directly flotationsgerecht in one process step. This is faced with several crushing stages with crushers until then a ball mill does its job.

In particular, there is only a slight wear in the apparatus according to the invention by the micro-impact, that is, by the repeated coincidence of differently accelerated ore, whereby the mechanical elements are only slightly loaded, and no additional loose grinding elements or iron balls must be used.

In addition, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention make it possible to comminute and pulverize slag per se or together with ore material, since due to the small dimensioning of the comminuting space and the relatively small sized comminution elements with a corresponding rotation of high forces on the crushing ore material or act on the slag to be crushed and thereby effective pulverization takes place. Due to the rotation, which due to the dimensions 100 can have up to approximately 2000 revolutions per minute of a comminution element, also slag can be effectively pulverized, which is very brittle and has a hard structure.

With the device according to the invention, both the raw material productivity and the conservation of resources can be improved. This innovation makes pre-shredding with crushers and mills superfluous - in a very energy-efficient and ecological way. Furthermore, this innovative device is advantageous because it combines energy with resource efficiency and at the same time provides a completely new human-machine cooperation without silicosis and noise deafness.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

feed hopper

2

foot

3

casing

4

suction

6

foot

8th

engine

9

pulley

10

belt

11

capstan

14

outlet funnel

15

control flap

21

wave

30

crushing member

31

ramp area

33

ramp end

35

projections

36

recess

40

fixed element

41

feed

42

ring area

45

head Start

46

recess

50

ore lumps

51

ore particles

52

ore particles

55

Powdered ore

60

gap

61

Auslasseinschnitte

62

Auslasseinschnitte

140

fixed element

141

fixed element

143

accelerator

144

angle range

145

recess

162

Auslasseinschnitte

230

rotating member

236

recess

240

fixed element

241

feed

260

gap

290

comminution device

300

First pulverizing device

301

Second pulverization device

302

First means for fixing and force transmission

303

Second means for fixing and force transfer

304

Third means for fixing and force transfer

305

frame element

306

housing

307

Fourth means for fixing and / or force transmission

313

First lower shaft for fixing and / or driving the grinding ring

344

grinding ring

345

First grinding drum

346

roller bearing

347

axis

348

Wälzlagerabdeckelement

349

Spacer element for receiving and spacing the axles 347

350

Fixation of the spacer element

351

axis

352

Inner rolling bearing cover element

354

fixing location

355

Element for guiding and / or driving the grinding ring

356

Means for securing an axis

357

Upper shaft for fixing and / or driving the grinding ring (or axle)

358

Rolling bearing for storing the grinding drum

359

washer

360

nut

361

Stop for fixing the grinding ring

362

Inner cover element

363

Upper fixing body for fixing the grinding ring

364

Disc element for fixing a lower axis supporting the Mahlring

365

Disc element for fixing an upper axis supporting the grinding ring

366

Lower fixing body for fixing the grinding ring

367

drive wheel

368

Round disc-shaped power transmission plate

369

drive chain

370

engine

371

Second lower shaft for fixing and / or driving the grinding ring

372

belt

380

Second grinding drum

381

fixing location

382

opening

383

External surface of the grinding drum

384

Outer surface of the grinding ring

385

Inner surface of the grinding ring

386

Transporting means

388

frame

390

bikes

392

coupling site

393

frame

394

discharge area

402

first holding device

403

second holding device

404

third holding device

406

wall

408

introducing device

410

pump means

412

Coupling point to wall

413

separating

414

first outlet opening in the separator

416

second outlet opening in the separator

419

line section

420

housing cover

430

hydraulic device

432

stator

434

actuator

436

Actuator housing cover coupling

450

first auxiliary drive

452

second auxiliary drive

500

human

502

opening

504

spring means

506

roller bearing

508

roller bearing

520

supply port

521

Axial end of the shaft

R

Rotation direction of the grinding ring

S1

displacement

T1

First transport direction

T2

Second transport direction

T3

Third transport direction

X

direction

Claims (8)

1. A device (290) for the comminution of ore material and/or slag, which comprises an ore feed-in unit (1) for feeding in ore to be crushed and a first pulverisation unit (300) to which the ore to be crushed is fed from the ore feed unit (1), wherein the first pulverisation unit (300) is constructed from at least two crushing elements (30, 40) movable towards each other, which together form at least one crushing space for the ore to be crushed such that due to a relative movement in form of a rotation about the rotary axis by at least one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) the ore to be crushed is at least partially pulverised in that one or more acceleration elements (35), in particular projections (35), are provided on at least one of the crushing elements (30, 40), which in particular are arranged on the face of one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) and which due to the rotation by one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) accelerate and crush the ore to be crushed, wherein a pressure application is applied to the ore to be crushed by a ramp area (31), which is configured in form of a screw and formed on one of the two crushing elements (30, 40),
   wherein a gap (60) is provided between the two crushing elements (30, 40) and/or in at least one of the two crushing elements (30, 40), through which during the rotation the pulverised ore is transported outwards from the centre of rotation and away from the two crushing elements (30, 40),
   characterised in that at least one of the crushing elements (30, 40) is operatively connected to a spring arrangement (504), wherein the spring arrangement (504) is configured in such a way that it supports the crushing element (30, 40) with which it is operatively connected in direction of the other crushing element (30, 40) in a variable manner,
   wherein at least one of the crushing elements (30, 40) is arranged on a shaft (21) for driving the crushing element (30),
   wherein the spring arrangement (504) is directly coupled to the shaft (21) or the crushing element (30) and pre-tensioned by the same,
   wherein the shaft (21) and the crushing element (30) arranged thereon can be moved against the spring force of the spring arrangement (504),
   wherein one of the crushing elements (40) is arranged on a housing lid (420) closing at least sometimes a housing (3) of the device in extension direction of the rotary axis, wherein the housing lid (420) is movable relative to the device and wherein the fixedly arranged crushing element (40) is pressed against the other crushing element (30) by means of a hydraulic unit (430) connecting the housing lid (420) to the device.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the movement of the shaft (21) and the other crushing element (30) is effected depending on the pretension of the spring arrangement (504), wherein a deflection of the spring arrangement (504) during operation of the first pulverisation unit (300) occurs as a result of a deflection force generated between the two crushing elements (30, 40) and directed against a press-on force resulting from the spring force, when the deflecting force exceeds the press-on force.
3. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spring arrangement (504) comprises a mechanical spring means, in particular a spiral spring, a pneumatic spring means and/or a hydraulic spring means.
4. The device according to claim 3, characterised in that the spring arrangement (504) comprises a number of spring means, wherein the spring means are individually arranged such as to press the crushing element (30) coupled to the shaft (21) in direction of the other crushing element (40).
5. The device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the shaft (21) is mounted in a housing (2) of the device by means of roller bearings and is coupled to a drive arrangement (8, 9) for rotating the shaft (21) and the crushing element (30) arranged thereon.
6. The device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the spring arrangement (504) is arranged in an end area of the shaft (21), wherein the end area is axially spaced apart from a second end area of the shaft (21) on which the crushing element (30) is arranged.
7. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spring constant of the spring arrangement, the movement path of the crushing element and/or the spring path of the spring arrangement can be varied, in particular adjusted or replaced.
8. A method (290) for crushing ore material and/or slag using a device according to claim 1.

Images