EP3204162A1

EP3204162A1 - Apparatus for comminuting ore, comprising a hydraulic spring device, and associated method

Info

Publication number: EP3204162A1
Application number: EP15775713.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gharagozlu PARVIZ
Original assignee: Micro Impact Mill Ltd
Current assignee: Micro Impact Mill Ltd
Priority date: 2014-10-09
Filing date: 2015-10-08
Publication date: 2017-08-16
Also published as: CL2017000849A1; ZA201701917B; US20170312752A1; AU2015330024A1; WO2016055558A1; CA2963764A1; DE102014014945A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (290) for comminuting ore and/or slag, comprising an ore feeding unit (1) for feeding ore which is to be comminuted to a first pulverizer (300), said first pulverizer (300) being composed of at least of two comminuting elements (30, 40) which can be moved relative to each other, said elements forming together at least one comminuting space for the ore which is to be comminuted, such that, by a relative movement in the form of a rotation about the rotational axis of at least one of the two comminuting elements (30, 40), the ore which is to be comminuted is at least partially pulverized. One or more accelerating elements (35), in particular protrusions (35), are provided on at least one of the comminuting elements (30, 40), said accelerating elements being arranged in particular on the end face of at least one of the two comminuting elements (30, 40) and accelerating and comminuting the ore to be comminuted by the rotation of one of the two comminuting elements (30, 40). An intermediate space (60) is provided between the two comminuting elements (30, 40) and/or in at least one of the two comminuting elements (30, 40), through which space the pulverized ore, during the rotation, is transported from the center of rotation toward the outside and away from the two comminuting elements (30, 40). At least one of the two comminuting elements (30, 40) is operatively connected to a hydraulic spring pressure device (604), said hydraulic spring pressure device (604) being designed such that the comminuting element (30, 40) to which it is operatively connected is variably resiliently mounted in the direction of the other comminuting element (30, 40) depending on an adjustable hydraulic spring pressure control unit.

Description

DEVICE FOR DISPATCHING INCLUDING A HYDRAULIC SPRING DEVICE AND CORRESPONDING METHOD

Technical area

The present invention relates to a method and a device for comminuting ore material or rock and / or slag, wherein the ore is pulverized using water in a wet process or even without the use of water in a dry process in a particularly ecological manner.

According to the Fraunhofer Institute, humanity will consume 140 billion tons of minerals, ores, fossil fuels and biomass annually by 2050. Today we consume a third of it. Commodities become the key in global competition, especially for mining. "Minimizing the use of energy and raw materials" is the motto for the industry: energy-efficient innovations are a step towards conserving resources and at the same time a chance to change the economy and provide sustainable impulses.

Mining plays a strategic role in the extraction of raw materials. Process improvements are the first step towards more resource use rather than resource consumption.

There is thus a great need to use environmentally friendly methods and devices in the extraction of raw materials, in particular to protect the persons involved from health damage. In the conventional crushing of ore material, people employed in the mining industry, in particular by the development of dust, are burdened with health, whereby the lungs can be affected by affected persons. Further, there is a need to improve the mining processes, and especially the processing of ore material, so as to reduce energy consumption and minimize environmental damage.

State of the art

From a classical point of view, the processing of ores takes place in four steps. Several crushers connected in series grind the mined ore to a certain particle size, which is then crushed in mills, usually ball mills, by wet mechanical methods. The resulting, pumpable suspension is classified or subdivided into different particle classes. The last step in the processing of the ore rock is the rotation, a physico-chemical process in which the ore-containing metal is transported in the water by adhering gas bubbles to the water surface and skimmed off there. The final product is the ore concentrate.

These large shredders form the precursor for mineral processing in mining. Depending on the country, region, yield and size of the mine, some dry-working crusher types and a downstream ball mill including the conveying and screening plants form the chain of ore crushing. Size of the plant, energy and logistics costs for the earthenware and the dust pollution of the environment are enormous in the conventional devices.

The crushing principle, for example, a jaw crusher works only with mechanically generated pressure. The crushing of the crushed material is usually in the wedge-shaped shaft between fixed and an eccentrically moving crushing jaw. During movement, the earthenware is crushed until the material is smaller than the set crushing gap.

Furthermore, it continues in a ball mill: In ball mills, the mostly pre-shredded ore stone mills together with iron balls in a drum, which is set in rotation. The ground material is "crushed" by the balls, which manifests itself in a particle size reduction, including a wear of the grinding balls themselves, which also contaminate the crushed ore with the iron of the iron balls. There are long known ball mills for crushing ore, wherein the ore is added together with iron balls in rotation until the desired fineness is achieved in the ball mill. Such a known ball mill is already known from DE 40 02 29, wherein the grinding cylinder contains balls, flint stones or the like for crushing the ore.

In such known ball mills, however, the grinding cylinder must be designed to be particularly robust in order to be able to withstand the impact of the balls on the cylinder wall without damage, as a result of which the weight of the grinding cylinders increases greatly. As a result, the operating costs and energy consumption of such ball mills are high. Furthermore, there is a high wear of the rotating grinding cylinder due to the impact of the balls on the grinding cylinder, so that after a relatively short time both the iron balls and the grinding cylinder must be replaced. These iron balls cost about 800 US $ / ton, depending on size and procurement and are consumed in a very short time by the wear, which wear causes the ground material is contaminated by the iron and thus the subsequent flotation and the flotation process is more expensive , Moreover, ball mills require that the ore be ground by a separate crusher and then by one or more ball mills in series to crush the ore as desired, with effective pulverization of the ore material scarcely possible.

Moreover, such ball mills are not suitable for crushing or pulverizing ore material together with slag or slag, since slag, which arises in particular during the further processing of ore as a waste product, is very brittle and has a hard structure.

Furthermore, the publication WO 2011/038914 A1 of the same inventor discloses an already very good and small-sized device for crushing ore. Nevertheless, depending on the type of ore, ore size, etc. there is a risk of overloading the device, causing it in the mill according to WO 2011 / 038914 A1 depending on the ore to be crushed to a jam in the supply can come or the throughput is reduced in an undesirable manner. Presentation of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for comminuting ore material and / or slag in particular, which should have a high efficiency and avoid a jam in the supply of ore to be comminuted or a reduction in throughput.

This object is achieved by device technology according to the features of claim 1 and procedurally according to the features of claim 9.

The invention is based on the idea of providing a method and a device for comminuting ore material, wherein the device according to the invention comprises an ore feed device for feeding ore to be comminuted to a first pulverizing device. The first powder sierungseinrichtung is at least composed of two mutually movable crushing elements, which together form at least one crushing space for the ore to be crushed that by a relative movement in the form of a rotation about the axis of rotation of at least one of the two crushing the ore to be crushed thereby at least partially pulverized is that at least one of the crushing elements one or more acceleration elements, in particular projections, are provided, which are arranged in particular on the front side of one of the two crushing elements and which accelerate and crush the crushing ore by the rotation of one of the two crushing elements, and wherein between the two crushing elements and / or in at least one of the two crushing elements, a gap is provided, through which during the rotation of the pulverized ore from the Ze ntrum the rotation is transported to the outside and away from the two crushing elements. According to the invention, at least one of the two comminution elements has an operative connection with a hydraulic spring pressure device, wherein the hydraulic spring pressure device is designed such that it engages the corresponding comminution element with which it is operatively connected in the direction of the other comminution element in dependence on an adjustable hydraulic spring pressure - Control unit stores variable and springy. This solution is advantageous because the variable storage of the crushing element, the crushing element is displaceable and hydraulically controlled. The crushing element is thus adjustable upon the occurrence of forces that occur during the pulverization of the ore and that can lead to an overload of the device, by the hydraulic spring pressure control unit, which directly a relief of the device is effected or the forces are reduced and can avoid a jam in the supply of ore to be crushed or a reduction in throughput.

In a pulverization of the ore in the first Pulverisierungsseinrichtung initially takes place a pressure application to the still little to no crushed ore lumps. The pressure application is effected by a ramp region which is helical shaped and formed on one or both comminution elements. Due to the helical shape, a conveying effect is generated during a rotation of a comminution element, by means of which the ore located between the comminuting elements, in particular between the ramp area of a comminution element and a corresponding area of the other comminuting element, is compacted or pressurized with increasing pressure. The pressure applied to the ore lumps usually causes the ore lumps to disintegrate into very small pieces and thus give way to pressure. In the presence of ore lumps that do not decay, the pressure generated threatens to increase further, whereby the load on the device components, in particular the crushing elements, the drive shaft, the bearings, etc., also increases sharply and even reach a level from the damage of one or more of these Components are possible. By the use according to the invention of the hydraulic spring pressure device, an overload of the components during operation of the first pulverization device can be prevented. Namely, the hydraulic spring-pressure device springs in when the load becomes too great or exceeds a certain, in particular adjusted, level. Due to the deflection of the hydraulic spring pressure device results in a displacement of a crushing element, whereby the crushing elements are spaced apart. After or at a pressure drop between the crushing elements, the deflected hydraulic spring pressure device causes a return of the crushing element in the starting position. By shifting the Crushing element, the gap between the crushing elements was increased, whereby larger ore particles or lumps could escape from the first Pulverisierungseinrichtung. As a result, blocking of the micro impact effect is avoided, so that congestion in supplying the ore to be crushed or reducing the throughput can be avoided.

All the ore particles or ore lumps that have leaked out of the first pulverization device are fed to a separating device, by which a separation of the already sufficiently comminuted particles and the not yet sufficiently comminuted particles or ore lumps is effected. The not yet sufficiently comminuted ore particles or ore lumps are then again supplied to the first pulverization device or a second pulverization device.

Furthermore, it is likewise conceivable that ore particles or ore lumps can occur in the region of comminution projections of the comminuting elements and do not disintegrate as a result of the pressure acting on them. Since the crushing projections of the crushing elements are arranged radially spaced from the center of the crushing projections ore particles or ore lumps in this area cause the formation of high moments, which can lead to damage of the first Pulverisierungseinrichtung, in particular one or both crushing elements, the drive shaft, etc. The inventive arrangement of the hydraulic spring pressure device, which is selectively adjustable by the hydraulic spring pressure control unit, preferably also in this case allows a deflection of a comminution element, in particular of the comminution element, which is coupled to the shaft takes place.

Further advantageous embodiments of the device and the method according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and / or from the following description.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the comminution elements is arranged on a shaft for driving the comminuting element, wherein the hydraulic spring pressure device is directly coupled to and prestressed by the shaft or the comminution element and the shaft and the crushing element disposed thereon are displaceable counter to the adjustable spring force of the hydraulic spring pressure device. This embodiment is advantageous, since in particular a protection of the crushing elements and the shaft, which is connected to a crushing element, is effected.

A displacement of the shaft and of the crushing element takes place according to a further preferred embodiment as a function of the bias of the hydraulic spring pressure device, wherein a deflection of the hydraulic spring pressure device during operation of the first pulverization due to a generated between the two crushing elements and against a resulting from the spring force contact force directional deflection force results when the deflection force exceeds the contact force. This embodiment is advantageous because the spring force preferably serves as an essential parameter for the change in position of the shaft and / or the comminution element. The spring force is preferably arbitrarily changeable, whereby optimized settings or configurations can be provided for a wide variety of application and / or boundary conditions.

The spring device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic spring pressure means by the adjustable hydraulic spring pressure control unit variable in amplitude, in particular oscillating, the spring force of the hydraulic spring pressure device within a range of 100 ms to 1 ms, preferred within a range of 20 ms to 2 ms, further preferably within a range of 10 ms to 3 ms, and more preferably within a range of 7 ms to 3 ms.

Furthermore, the hydraulic spring pressure device may have a plurality of hydraulic spring means, wherein the individual spring means are arranged such that they press the comminution element coupled to the shaft in the direction of the other comminution element. This embodiment is advantageous because the different suspension means can be designed the same or different, which in turn a very precise adjustment of the desired total spring force can be undertaken. The shaft is mounted according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention in a housing of the device by means of rolling bearings and coupled to a drive means for rotating the shaft and the crushing element arranged thereon. The storage by means of rolling bearings is advantageous because rolling bearings can absorb high forces and are very easy to adjust. Furthermore, this embodiment is advantageous since the rolling bearings are preferably arranged in the housing of the device according to the invention and thus protected from environmental influences.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic spring pressure device is arranged in an end region of the shaft or coupled to the shaft, the end region being axially spaced from a second end region of the shaft on which the comminuting element is arranged. Preferably, the rolling bearings are arranged for supporting the shaft between the end regions of the shaft. Furthermore, a drive means or a coupling with a drive means is also preferably provided in the region of the end in which the hydraulic spring pressure device is provided. This embodiment is advantageous since the hydraulic spring pressure device is preferably spaced as far as possible from the comminution elements in order to avoid any damage or functional impairment as a result of the pulverized ore.

A crushing element is arranged according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention on a housing of the device in the extension direction of the axis of rotation at least temporarily closing housing cover, wherein the housing cover relative to the device is movable and wherein the fixed crushing element by means of the hydraulic spring pressure device, the housing cover connects to the device is pressed against the other crushing element.

In particular, the crushing element is arranged on a housing of the device in the extension direction of the axis of rotation at least temporarily closing housing cover, wherein the housing cover relative to the device is movable and wherein the fixed crushing element by means of an opening device which connects the housing cover with the device to the other Crushing element is pressed. The opening device is preferably designed as a hydraulic spring means and is particularly preferably formed by a hydraulic device, which also allows a method of the housing cover for opening and closing the housing for eg maintenance. It is likewise conceivable for the comminution element arranged on the housing cover to be mounted or prestressed via a spring device and for the comminution means arranged on the shaft to be mounted or prestressed via a further spring device.

The spring rate of the hydraulic spring pressure device, the displacement of the crushing element and / or the spring travel of the hydraulic spring pressure device are variable according to a further preferred embodiment, in particular adjustable.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the displacement path of the comminuting element operatively connected to the hydraulic spring-pressure device is less than 5 cm during operation of the first pulverization device, and is preferably less than 3.5 cm and more preferably less than 1 cm and particularly preferably less than 0 5 cm, and more preferably less than 0.1 cm. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the contact force generated by the spring device is at least 1000 N, preferably at least 2000 N and particularly preferably at least 10000 N.

Further advantages, objects and characteristics of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of attached drawings, in which, by way of example, inventive devices for comminuting ore are shown. Components of the devices according to the invention, which in the figures at least substantially coincide in terms of their function, can be identified here with the same reference numerals, these components need not be quantified or explained in all figures.

The invention will be described purely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows a part of the device according to the invention in perspective

View;

Fig. 2 shows a part of the device according to the invention of Figure 1 in an exploded view.

Fig. 3 shows a part of the device according to the invention of Figure 1 as a plan view.

Fig. 4 shows a side view of the part of the device according to the invention of

Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 shows a part of the device according to the invention in a side view of

Fig. 1;

Fig. 6a shows a part of the device according to the invention of Fig. 1 partially in

Cross-section;

FIG. 6b shows the representation of FIG. 6a supplemented by a separator and associated components;

Fig. 7 shows schematically the two crushing elements of Fig. 6 im

Cross-section;

Fig. 8 shows the two crushing elements of Fig. 7 in an unfolded

Position;

FIG. 9 shows, analogously to FIG. 8, a comminuting element shown schematically;

Fig. 10 shows the crushing element of Fig. 8 partly in cross-section;

FIG. 11 shows further embodiments of the comminution elements for the part of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 6a; FIG.

Fig. 12 shows schematically a crushing element of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 shows the other crushing element of Fig. 1 partly in cross section;

Fig. 14 shows a perspective view of the device according to the invention in an exploded view;

15 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a second pulverization device of the device according to the invention,

16 shows a schematic representation of the second pulverization device,

Fig. 17 shows a schematic sectional view of the invention

Erzzerkleinerungsvorrichtung; Fig. 18 shows the illustration of Fig. 17 in an opened configuration;

Fig. 19a shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention on a transport device in a plan view;

Fig. 19b shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention on a transport device in a side view;

Fig. 20 shows a device according to the invention on a platform;

Fig. 21a shows a device according to the invention in a closed state and with a closure device; and

Fig. 21b shows a device according to the invention in an opened state.

According to Fig. 1, the device according to the invention is shown, wherein the ore to be crushed or the slag to be crushed is introduced into a hopper or feed hopper 1, which constitutes the ore feed device. Alternatively, instead of a funnel, a screw conveyor may also be provided, which feeds the ore to be comminuted under pressure into the first pulverizing device. The ore is fed through the hopper 1 to the cylinder-like housing 3, which is mounted on a foot 2 and a foot 6. In this case 3, the pulverization of the ore to be crushed takes place. In this case, a motor 8 provides a drive roller 11 and a belt 10 and a pulley 9 for the transmission of torque from the motor 8 to the first pulverizing device.

As can be seen in particular from Fig. 2, a suction opening 4 is optionally possible, through which the pulverized ore can be sucked by means of a negative pressure. Alternatively and in particular for the rule, an outlet funnel 14 is provided in the lower region of the housing 3, which generally forms the first outlet device. Through this discharge funnel 14, the pulverized ore is discharged by means of gravity or by suction from the device according to the invention.

A control flap 15 may be provided on the housing 3 to provide access to the interior of the housing if necessary. However, this is not necessary for the function of the device according to the invention. As can be seen in particular from Fig. 3, the control flap 15 as well as the feed hopper 1 in the upper region of the device according to the invention is arranged. Furthermore, the ore can through the Feed funnel can be fed in a continuous manner the first pulverization or fed in a non-continuous manner, the first pulverizer, if only sporadically ore or slag is supplied to the device according to the invention.

4 and 5 each show a side view of the device according to the invention, from which it can be seen that the outlet funnel 14 is provided in the lower region of the cylindrical housing 3.

From Fig. 6a, in particular, the function and the structure of the first pulverization device can be seen. The pulley 9 is, as already described, driven by the motor 8 and transmits this torque via a shaft 21 to a thereby rotating crushing element 30. The crushing element 30 is constructed in the simplest form as a rotating rotary member 30 with a disk-shaped configuration, which together with a fixed fixed element 40, the first pulverization device 300 forms. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the ore to be comminuted is fed into the housing 3 via the inlet funnel 1 in that a feed opening 41 is provided substantially in the center of the fixed element. The ore material supplied through the supply port 41 is then pulverized between the fixed member 40 and the rotating rotary member 30 and discharged and pulverized in a pulverized form radially outward between the two crushing members 30, 40 and collected within the casing 3 in pulverized form, and then from the Outlet funnel 14 discharged.

If one considers in detail the course of the material or of the stones in the device according to the invention, the material or the stone first passes into the machine via a feed funnel. Per passage opening in the midst of the fixed disc jaw or the stationary crushing element 40, the material enters the space, wherein the driven disc jaw or the crushing element 30 provides for the acceleration of the material or the earthenware. In the geometry of the disc jaws 30, 40 driving elements are preferably integrated, which put the supplied ore in a radial velocity. With the absorbed acceleration energy, the stones collide with each other and this leads to highly efficient pulverization of the ground material. This micro-impact is based on the material being accelerated by the relative movement of the comminuting elements 30, 40 or of the jaws, and due to the narrowness of the interspace, the comminution takes place in very rapid time intervals. The driver elements on the disc jaws 30, 40 ensure the high speeds in the radial as well as in the axial direction, so that in the sequence the resulting powder is pressed outward from the gap and as powder or powder for further processing by discharge funnel 14 back out of the device 290 arrives. The degree of pulverization-in other words, the particle size-determines in particular the distance between the two disc jaws or the two comminution elements 30, 40. The smaller the distance, the finer the particle size. Adding water shortens the work process in the mill again. The operating personnel thus has several setting parameters for required grain sizes - and this without any dust load.

In Fig. 6b, the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 6a is shown modified. According to this representation, the Ausiasstric ter 14 is followed by a pump device 410, which in turn is followed by a separating device 413. The separating device 413 is particularly preferably designed as a centrifuge. The ore fed via the outlet funnel 14 of the pump device 410 is preferably accelerated and / or pressurized by means of the pump device 410 and introduced into the separating device 413 via a line section 419, in particular a pipe or a hose. However, it is also conceivable that the pump device 410 is directly or directly connected to the separating device 413. Ore is discharged via the first outlet 414, which is again to be supplied to the first pulverization device, in particular to the size reduction elements 30, 40. The feed of the ore discharged via the first outlet 414 preferably takes place according to the transport path 12, ie the ore to be further comminuted is preferably fed to the feed hopper 1. Particularly preferably, the housing 3, the first pulverization device 300 and / or the feed hopper 1 to a feed port 520, via the flowable substances of the first pulverization device 300 are fed. In particular, the ore fed in via 12 is regarded as flowable substance. Furthermore, the feed port 520 may have a plurality of coupling points for coupling one or more further line elements. So it is also conceivable that a line or a conduit element for supplying a liquid, in particular water or a water-containing liquid, is coupled via the supply port 520 with the device 290 according to the invention. The separating device 41 preferably has a second outlet 416, from which the already sufficiently comminuted ore is discharged. The sufficiently comminuted ore or ore which is no longer to be supplied to the first pulverization device 300, ie the comminution elements 30, 40, is preferably conveyed directly to a further processing device, in particular a second pulverization device (cf. FIG ) or a flotation device.

Furthermore, FIGS. 6a and 6b schematically show a hydraulic spring pressure device 604 in the region of an axial end 521 of the shaft 21. The hydraulic spring pressure device 604 may be e.g. be designed as a hydraulic spring means and is preferably arranged between the pulley 9 and the shaft 21. However, it is conceivable that the hydraulic spring pressure device 604 may also be formed or provided at other positions in the region of the shaft 21. Reference character S1 denotes a displacement path which can be traveled by the shaft 21 or between which the shaft 21 is variably supported when the shaft 21 is displaced in its axial direction by the hydraulic spring pressure device.

The hydraulic spring pressure device 604 may also be variably adjustable by the hydraulic spring pressure control unit, not shown, such that the particle size of the ore to be comminuted is adjustable as a function of a freely selectable controlled variable. For this purpose, the hydraulic spring pressure device can also exert an oscillatory movement controlled by the hydraulic spring pressure control unit on the variably mounted comminution element. The oscillating movement can be controlled hydraulically such that the amplitude changes from a maximum value to a next maximum value, in particular within a period between 4 milliseconds and 7 milliseconds, but larger time intervals up to 100 milliseconds can also be provided. This oscillating movement also helps to avoid congestion in the feeding of the material to be crushed in the crushing space between the movable crushing elements, where appropriate, the particle size is increased by the oscillating movement. The corresponding travel path between the initial position of the variably adjustable comminuting element by the hydraulic spring pressure device 604 can amount to a few tenths of a millimeter, in particular 0.5 mm, but this can also vary and have areas up to 1 mm, 2mm, 5mm, 1cm, 2cm and 5cm , Overall, the use of the hydraulic spring pressure device 604 according to the invention, which is variably controlled by the hydraulic spring pressure control unit, avoids congestion during the feeding of the ore to be comminuted in the device according to the invention, in particular in the comminution space and, furthermore, the throughput through the device according to the invention to increase the efficiency of ore crushing. The hydraulic spring pressure device 604 is fixedly supported on a fixed support unit 507. That is, the shaft 21 can be variably positioned within the travel path S1 and up to the complete abutment of the two crushing elements 30, 40.

In a pulverization of the ore in the first Pulverisierungseinrichtung 300 initially takes place a pressure application to the still little to no crushed ore lumps. The pressure application is effected by a ramp portion 31 which is helical shaped and formed on one or both comminution elements 30, 40. Due to the helical shape, a conveying effect is generated during a rotation of a comminution element 30, through which the ore located between the comminution elements 30, 40, in particular between the ramp region 31 of a comminuting element 30 and a corresponding region 42 of the other comminuting element 40, is densified increasing pressure is applied. The pressure applied to the ore lumps usually causes the ore lumps to disintegrate into very small pieces and thus give way to pressure. In the presence of ore lumps that do not decay, the pressure generated threatens to increase further, whereby the load of the device components, in particular the crushing elements 30, 40, the drive shaft 21, the bearings 506, 508, etc. also increases sharply and can even reach a level , from which damage to one or more of these components is possible. By the use according to the invention of the hydraulic spring pressure device 604, an overload of the components during operation of the first pulverization device 300 can be prevented. Namely, the hydraulic spring pressure device 604 springs in when the load becomes too great or exceeds a certain, in particular adjusted, level. Due to the deflection of the hydraulic spring pressure device 604 results in a displacement of a crushing element 30, whereby the crushing elements 30, 40 are spaced from each other. After or at a pressure drop between the crushing elements 30, 40 causes the deflected hydraulic spring pressure device 604, a return of the crushing element 30 to the starting position. By the displacement of the crushing element 30 was the Gap between the crushing elements 30, 40 increased, whereby larger ore particles or lumps could escape from the first Pulverisierungseinrichtung 300. All the ore particles or ore lumps that have emerged from the first pulverization device 300 are supplied to a separating device 413, by which a separation of the already sufficiently comminuted particles and the not yet sufficiently comminuted particles or ore lumps is effected. The not yet sufficiently comminuted ore particles or ore lumps are then again supplied to the first pulverization device 300 or a second pulverization device 301.

Furthermore, it is likewise conceivable that ore particles or ore lumps can occur in the region of comminution projections 35, 45 of the comminuting elements 30, 40 and do not disintegrate as a result of the pressure acting on them. Since the comminution projections 35, 45 of the comminution elements 30, 40 are arranged radially spaced from the center of the comminution projections 35, 45, ore particles or ore particles in this area cause the formation of high moments, which damage the first pulverization device 300, in particular one or both comminution elements 30 , 40, the drive shaft 21, etc., can lead. The inventive arrangement of a hydraulic spring pressure device 604 preferably also in this case allows a deflection of a comminution element 30, 40, in particular of the comminuting element 30, which is coupled to the shaft 21, to take place.

The type of pulverization according to the invention requires only a short time due to the small space requirement of the comminuting space, whereby the pulverized ore is transported away through a gap 60 between the two comminution elements 30, 40 during the rotation of the rotary element to the outside and from both comminuting elements 30, 40, as exemplified by the powdered ore 55 in FIG. This means that the ore lumps are pulverized by a relative movement in the form of a rotation between the two comminution elements 30, 40, wherein according to another embodiment, two comminution elements 30, 40 can be used with different rotational speeds and the same or opposite direction of rotation. The pulverization is explained in more detail in particular with reference to FIG. 7. Analogously to FIG. 6 a, the ore to be comminuted is fed via the feed opening 41, which is preferably located substantially in the center of the comminution section 40, which is preferably designed as a fixed element, into a comminuting space between the fixed element 40 and the rotary element 30. FIG. 7 shows, by way of example, individual ore lumps 50, which show the ore to be comminuted. After the nuggets 50 to be crushed come into contact with the rotary member 30 through the supply port 41, the rotation of the rotary member 30 causes the nuggets 30 to be accelerated radially outward and in the rotational direction of the rotary member 30. For this purpose, the two crushing elements form a crushing space, wherein one or more acceleration elements are arranged on at least the rotary element or the fixed element in order to provide for an acceleration and a corresponding comminution of the supplied ore. As a result of the rotation of the rotary element 30, the ore to be comminuted is pulverized directly by the contact with the rotary element 30 and also pulverized by the contact of already partially comminuted ore and also by contact with the fixed element 40 in the comminuting space.

Fig. 8 shows the two crushing elements of Fig. 7 in the unfolded state together with exemplarily arranged to be crushed ore 50 and pulverized ore 55. The ore to be crushed 50 is fed via the feed opening 41 through the fixed element 40 in the crushing space between the two crushing elements, as already explained. Optionally, the rotary member 30 has a ramp portion 31 which has a rising pitch from the start of the ramp 32 to the ramp end 33 and may be part of the crushing space. As a result of the rotation of the rotary element 30, the ore 50 to be comminuted is already comminuted on account of the rising ramp region 31, as shown schematically by the decreasing spherical ore particles 51 and 52. The ramp region 31 cooperates with a ring region 42 of the fixed element 40. Subsequently, the ore of protrusions 35 acting as accelerating members is accelerated and pulverized due to the rotation of the rotary member 30, which are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotary member 30 in FIG. The fixed element 40 may also have projections 45, which are arranged analogously to the projections 35 of the rotary member 30. Between the projections 35 of the rotary member corresponding recesses 36 are provided on the end face of the rotary member 30 as part of the crushing space. In particular, the projections 35 have a predetermined angle in the transition to the Recesses 36 in order to accelerate the ore to be crushed both in the radial direction according to the rotation and the axial direction of the axis of rotation of the rotary member. As a result, the ore to be comminuted is accelerated into the center of the comminution space, where it encounters other accelerated ore elements, resulting in a fictitious pulverization by the micro-impact.

Optionally, the fixed element 30 has corresponding recesses 46 between the projections 45 of the fixed element 40. After the ore between the fixed member 40 and the rotary member 30 has been pulverized by the acceleration by means of the protrusions 35, the ramp portion 31 and the protrusions 45 of the fixed member due to the rotation, the pulverized ore 45 enters the space 60 between the two crushing members 30 , 40. As already described, the gap 60 is formed by the variable distance between the two crushing elements 30, 40, wherein in addition to the variable distance both in the rotary member 30 star-shaped away from the axis of rotation of the rotary member 30 leading Auslasseinschnitte 61 provided in the rotary member 30 could be. Similarly, Auslasseinschnitte 62 are provided in the fixed element 40 at a uniform spacing. As schematically illustrated with respect to rotary member 30 in FIG. 8, the pulverized ore 55 is discharged to the outside through the outlet recesses 61 and 62, respectively. If the distance between the rotary member 30 and the fixed member 40 is almost absent, d. H. that the two elements substantially abut each other, the pulverized ore 55 is discharged to the outside substantially through the outlet cuts 61 and 62, respectively. The variable distance between the two comminution elements can be adjusted in particular by a hydraulic device, wherein preferably the fixed element 40 can be variably positioned in the axial direction with respect to the rotary element 30 to adjust the pulverization in particular to a different ore material in terms of size or composition can.

According to a further embodiment, the fixed element 30 or the rotary element 40 or the two comminution elements can be moved apart hydraulically in the axial direction for repair and assembly work. Alternatively, they can be removed from the operating position by a pivoting movement of one of the two crushing elements from each other. As a result, for example, the acceleration elements 35 or other mechanically highly loaded elements of the first Pulverizing device edited or replaced. Furthermore, this enables mechanically highly loaded elements within the first pulverization device or for example the acceleration elements or projections 35 to be constructed from different materials and can be exchanged as required. This allows wear parts within the crushing space, such as the projections, also adapted to different ore material.

With regard to FIG. 6, which shows a schematically enlarged distance between the rotary element 30 and the fixed element 40, it can be seen that, with only a small distance, the ore to be comminuted is thrown outwards in the radial direction by the rotation and by the housing 3 is collected before the pulverized ore is discharged via the discharge hopper 14 of the inventive device 290, for example, only by gravity or additionally by a suction device or a pump device or the like.

9 shows a further embodiment of a fixed element 140, which has a feed opening 141 in the center. In essence, the fixed element 140 is identical to that of FIG. 8, wherein the fixed element 140 has obliquely set Auslasseinschnitte 162, through which the pulverized ore is transported to the outside.

The fixed element 41 shown in FIG. 9 can also be used in the illustrated form as a second rotary element, which relative to the rotary element 30 shown in FIG. 8 can have a different relative speed.

The embodiment of a comminution element shown in FIG. 9 has an angular region 144, which extends in each case on both sides from the acceleration element 143 to the recess 145. Depending on the direction of rotation, however, these two angular regions 144 may also be provided on only one side of the acceleration element 143 in order to accelerate the ore to be comminuted, depending on the direction of rotation of the comminuting element, both radially and axially with respect to the rotation of the comminuting element. As a result, together with the acceleration elements of the rotary element 30 shown in FIG. 8 result in a particularly effective pulverization, in particular if the acceleration elements of the rotary member 30 also have an angular range which are congruent to the angular regions 144 of the crushing element of Fig. 9 or are arranged substantially mirror images of each other.

FIG. 10 shows a cross section of the fixed element 40 of FIG. 8, wherein the feed opening 41 has a funnel-shaped construction.

According to Fig. 1 1, a further embodiment of the crushing elements according to the present invention is shown.

As an alternative to the size reduction elements according to FIGS. 7 to 10, FIGS. 11 to 13 show further embodiments for cooperating size reduction elements which can be arranged within the inventive device according to FIG. 6.

FIG. 11 shows a fixed element 240 and a rotating rotary element 230, wherein the ore 50 to be comminuted is fed via the feed opening 241 into the comminution space between the fixed element 240 and the rotary element 230. As is further apparent from Fig. 1 1, the crushing space between the fixed element 240 and the rotary member 230 is formed from the rotation axis of the rotary member 230 to the outside substantially conically tapered, whereby the pulverization of the ore is accomplished on the one hand. On the other hand, it can be seen from FIG. 12 that the rotary element 230 has cutouts 236 which are arranged at a uniform spacing around the axis of rotation of the rotary element. These recesses 236 provide in particular by the obliquely arranged transitions of the recess 236 for an acceleration and thus a pulverization of the ore due to the rotation, which ensures a relative movement between the rotary member 230 and the fixed element 240.

In Fig. 13, the fixed element 240 of Fig. 11 is shown, which cooperates with the rotary member 230 of Fig. 12 together. The fixed element 240 shows in cross section in Fig. 13, the feed opening 241st The fixed element 240 has an analogous to the rotary element 230 Recesses 246 in the radial direction about the center of the axis of rotation. In particular, the chamfered portions of the recesses 236, 246 of the rotary member 230 and the fixed member 240 provide for an acceleration and crushing of the ore, which is discharged in powdered form through the gap 260 between the rotary member 230 and the fixed member 240 to the outside.

According to the invention, a method for comminuting ore material and / or, in particular, slag is thus provided, wherein the ore feed device 1 is provided for feeding ore 50 to be comminuted to a first pulverizing device. The first Pulverisierungseinnchtung is composed of at least two mutually movable crushing elements 30, 40, which together form a crushing space for the ore to be crushed that by a relative movement in the form of rotation of at least one of the two crushing elements 30, 40 pulverized ore to be crushed thereby is that at least one of the crushing elements 30, 40 one or more acceleration elements, in particular projections, are provided, which are arranged in particular on the front side of one of the two crushing elements 30, 40, and which by the rotation of one of the two crushing elements 30, 40 accelerate or crush the ore to be comminuted. Between the two comminution elements 30, 40 and / or in at least one of the two comminution elements, a gap 60 is provided, through which during the rotation the pulverized ore from the center of the rotation or from the axis of rotation of the rotary element to the outside and from the two comminution elements 30th , 40 is transported away. The thus pulverized ore between the two crushing elements is discharged through an outlet device which is at least functionally connected to the intermediate space 60, to the outside.

Purely optionally, water can still be fed through the ore feed device into the comminution chamber during the comminution process through a water inlet (not shown) or through the supply of water. The water forms together with the ore during and after the pulverization a mud-like compound, wherein the water is transported together with the pulverized ore material through the outlet device. As has already been explained with reference to FIG. 8, the ramp area 31 is particularly advantageous for the slag crushing, since such a ramp area on the rotary element provides slag pre-shredding due to rotation of the rotary element, with protrusions and slugs in the direction of transport after the ramp area / or recesses are provided according to the invention in the crushing elements to pulverize the particularly brittle and hard slag.

It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the number of protrusions on the two comminution elements may be the same, however, a different number of accelerator elements may be provided on the two comminution elements.

According to an embodiment, not shown, both crushing elements can rotate in the opposite direction to increase the relative movement between the two crushing elements. However, this leads to a higher construction costs and is to be made only in special cases.

In particular, the shape of the crushing chamber, which is formed by the two crushing elements, in different ways executable, with different types of accelerating elements may be arranged in plate-shaped or wedge-shaped or similar form, accelerated by the ore to be crushed between the two crushing elements and thereby pulverized becomes.

According to an embodiment, not shown, in addition to the crushing between the two crushing elements may also be provided a further crushing chamber, which is provided independently of the two crushing elements, but is integrated into the device according to the invention.

Thus, a device according to the invention and a method according to the invention for

Crushing of ore material and / or in particular of slag described which an ore feed device for supplying ore to be crushed to a first

Pulverisierungsseinrichtung comprises, wherein the first pulverizing device is constructed at least of two mutually movable crushing elements, which together form at least one crushing space for the ore to be comminuted, that by a relative movement in the form of a rotation of at least one of the two crushing the pulverized ore to be crushed is characterized in that at least one of the crushing elements one or more accelerating elements, in particular projections are provided, which in particular arranged on the front side of at least one of the two crushing elements and which accelerate and comminute the ore to be comminuted by the rotation of one of the two comminution elements, and wherein between the two comminution elements and / or in at least one of the two comminution elements a space is provided, through which the pulverized ore passes from the center during rotation the rotation is transported to the outside and away from the two crushing elements, and wherein an outlet device, in particular an outlet device, is provided, which is connected to the housing of the device, by which e the pulverized ore is discharged.

FIG. 14 shows an exploded perspective view of the device 290 according to the invention. This illustration shows that the device 290 in the region of a first pulverization device 300 has a feed device 1, in particular a feed hopper 1, by means of which ore to be processed can be conducted into the housing 3 to the first pulverization device 300. The housing 3 is preferably positioned by means of two plate-like feet 2, 6 with respect to the ground or with a preferably below the housing 3 arranged frame member 305 coupled. The housing 3 of the first pulverization device 300 preferably has an opening 4, in particular a suction opening 4 for the suction of already crushed ore. Furthermore, below the housing 3 or in the lower region of the housing 3, i. Preferably, in the region below the first pulverization device 300 and / or below the second pulverization device 301, an outlet device 14 (see Fig. 17) is formed.

Reference numeral 340 preferably denotes a hydraulic device (compare Fig. 20a / b).

The second pulverizer 301 is formed laterally adjacent to the first pulverizer 300. The first pulverizer 300 and the second pulverizer 301 are disposed on the same frame member 305. Preferably, a housing wall 306 of the housing 3 is coupled on the one hand to the first pulverization device 300 and on the other hand to the second pulverization device 301. The housing wall 306 preferably has a plurality of fixing points 354, 381 for arranging, receiving and / or fixing a first means 302 for fixing and / or supporting a preferably designed as Mahlring 344 rotational body, a second means 303 for fixing and / or storing the grinding ring 344th and a third means 304 for fixing and / or supporting the grinding ring 344. The Mahlring 344 is preferably movably supported and driven by the movement means 302, 303 and 304. Furthermore, the grinding ring 344 preferably encloses in the radial direction at least one further rotation body 345 and particularly preferably at least or exactly two rotational bodies 345, 380, which are particularly preferably designed as drum-like bodies. Furthermore, an opening 382 is preferably formed in the housing wall 306. The first opening 382 is particularly preferred for performing the drive shaft, which is provided for driving the crushing element 30.

The first means 302 and the second means 303 are preferably identical in design and preferably arranged below a center of the grinding ring 344 in the vertical direction. The means 302, 303 may also be referred to as axles or movable shafts 371, 313. Preferably, the first means 302 and the second means 303 each have a force introduction element, in particular a drive wheel 367, on. The drive elements 367 are preferably mechanically coupled together and thus simultaneously or synchronously movable or driven. The drive wheel 367 is preferably followed in the axial direction by a disk element 364, a fixing element 366, a stop element 361, rolling bearings and / or one or more receiving sleeves 356, by means of which the axles or shafts 371, 313 preferably engage with the grinding ring 344 in an operative connection can be brought on.

Preferably, a drive wheel 367 of a means 302, 303 is directly or indirectly connected to a further drive element 368, in particular a gear for transmitting drive forces. The gear 368 is preferably connected via an endless element 369, in particular a chain or a belt with a further drive element, in particular a further gear 368, which is preferably directly on a direction Antriebssei, in particular a motor 370, is arranged. However, it is also conceivable that the motor 370 directly cooperates with one of the drive wheels 367 or is arranged thereon. The third means for fixing and / or force transmission 304, which is preferably also denoted as upper axis or shaft 357, is preferably arranged above the center of the grinding ring 344 and particularly preferably arranged in the vertical direction just above the center of the grinding ring 344. The third means 304 preferably comprises a disk element 365, a fixing body 363, an inner cover element 362, a nut 360, a washer 359, roller bearings 358 and / or one or more receiving sleeves 355, by means of which the shaft 357 preferably with the grinding ring 344 can be brought into an operative connection, on.

The first means 302, the second means 303 and / or the third means 304 are preferably aligned substantially or exactly parallel to each other, wherein preferably at least one of these means 302, 303, 304 is also aligned substantially or exactly parallel to a rotation axis of a crushing element ,

Furthermore, the reference numeral 307 denotes a fourth means for fixing and / or force transmission. The fourth means 307 is preferably used for aligning or holding the rotary body 345, 380 with respect to the Mahlring 344. However, it is also conceivable that the fourth means 307 has a drive means for the active drive or a rotational body 345, 380 or with a coupled to such a drive device. The fourth means 307 may preferably be referred to as an axle or shaft 351 and preferably comprises an outer cover element 354, a fixing device 366, an inner cover element 352, a spacer element 348 for receiving and / or spacing the axles 347, Wälzlagerabdeckelemente 348, axles 347 and /. or rolling bearings 346 on. The rotary bodies 345, 380 are therefore rotatably supported by the bearings 346.

FIG. 15 shows a detailed perspective view of components of the second pulverization device 301. According to this illustration, the second pulverization device 301 has a rotational body designed as a grinding ring 344, which encloses two further rotational bodies 345, 380, which are embodied as drum-like grinding elements or grinding drums, radially at least in sections and preferably completely. Axial, the Mahlring 344 and the grinding drums 345, 380 preferably in Substantially the same length, wherein it is also conceivable that the grinding drums 345, 380 are designed to be axially longer than the grinding ring 344 or vice versa. The grinding drums 345, 380 preferably have an outer surface 383, which are preferably spherical, in particular starting from its substantially axial center tapering towards its axial ends, are formed. The inner surface 383 of the grinding ring 344 is preferably cylindrical, wherein it is also conceivable that it is negative or substantially negative to the outer surface 383 of the grinding drums 345, 380 is formed. The outer surface 384 of the grinding ring 344 is preferably cylindrical. With the outer surface 384 of the grinding ring 344 are preferably exactly three means 302, 303, 304 for fixing and / or force transmission, in particular via a respective element 55 for guiding the grinding ring 344, preferably in a line contact and particularly preferably in a surface contact.

The reference numeral 348 preferably identifies a bearing cover, which preferably covers the drum body of the grinding drum 380 and the bearing, which preferably as a rolling bearing consisting of at least or exactly two rolling bearings 346 (see FIG. 14), at least partially radially overlapping, in particular such that the storage is protected against the entry of ore powder.

The axes of rotation of the two grinding drums 344, 380 are preferably arranged spaced apart by a spacing element 349. The spacing element 349 is preferably designed as a strut-shaped, in particular plate-shaped, receiving element, in particular of metal. In addition to the grinding drums 345, 380, a fixing body 366 is also preferably arranged on the spacing element 349 or coupled to the spacing element 349. The fixing body 366 can in this case be provided for the one-sided attachment of the grinding drum unit 345, 380, 348, 349 to a housing part (not shown), in particular a further housing wall. However, it is also conceivable that the fixing body 366 is designed as a drive unit 366 and serves for actively driving the grinding drums 344, 380.

The first means for fixing and transmitting 302 and the second means for fixing and transmitting 303 have gears 367, which by a chain 360 with each other are connected. It can also be seen that the second means for fixing and transmitting 303 is also provided with a circular disk-like power transmission plate 368 formed radially for receiving a belt 372 through which the second means for fixing and transmitting power 302 with another round power transmission plate 368 is coupled, which in turn with a drive means 370, in particular a motor for operating the second Pulvensierungseinrichtung 301, is connected.

FIG. 16 shows a sectional view through the ore shredding device 290 according to the invention. It can be seen from this illustration, the device housing 3, by means of feet 6 against a substrate or a support frame {see. Fig. 19 or Fig. 20a / b) is held. The housing 3 surrounds the second powdering device 301 in the circumferential direction preferably completely. On the inner surface of the housing 3 or on the second Pulvensierungseinrichtung 301 facing surface side of the housing are preferably a plurality of holding devices, in particular exactly three holding devices namely a first holding means 402, a second holding means 403 and a third holding means 404, respectively. The holding devices 402, 403, 404 are preferably used for positioning or holding drive and / or guide elements 355. The drive and / or guide elements 355 are preferably rollers which are rotatably arranged on the holding devices 402, 403, 404. Preferably, at least one of the drive and / or guide elements 355 is driven by means of a motor. Particularly preferably, two or all drive and / or guide elements 355 are driven, in particular by a motor or by a respective motor. The drive and / or guide elements 355 serve for driving and / or guiding the grinding ring 344. The grinding ring 344 is preferably adjacent to the housing wall 406. The housing wall 406 preferably has a central opening 382 which is provided for carrying out a drive device, in particular a shaft, for driving the first powdering device 300, in particular the comminution element 30 (compare FIGS. 6 and 17). Furthermore, in the housing wall 406, a feed device 408 is formed or the feed device 408 is preferably tubular and extends through the wall 406 therethrough. The feed device 408 is preferably used for feeding material already pulverized with the first powdering device 300. Preferably, the feed device 408 extends within the housing 3 or into a region enclosed by the grinding ring 344 in such a way that the material supplied by the feeder 408 is introduced in front of the first grinding drum 345. The grinding ring 344 preferably rotates in the direction indicated by the reference R, whereby the material introduced in front of the first grinding drum 345 is conveyed between the grinding ring 344 and the grinding drum 345. Through the interaction of grinding ring 344 and grinding drum 345, the material is further crushed or pulverized. Furthermore, a second grinding drum 380 is shown, it is thus conceivable that a plurality of grinding drums 345, 380 are used. It is preferably conceivable that any number of grinding drums 345, 380, in particular exactly, more or less than one, two, three, four or five grinding drums, are used. The individual grinding drums 345, 380 are preferably rotatable and particularly preferably actively driven by means of a drive device. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the grinding drums 345, 380 only passively, ie driven or rotated as a result of rotation of the grinding ring 344. The grinding drums 345, 380 are preferably arranged on the housing wall 406 via spacer elements 349 for receiving the grinding drums 345, 380 via coupling points 412. It is conceivable here that the positions of the grinding drums 345, 380 can be changed or adjusted by means of the spacing elements 349. The distance, in particular a maximum distance, of the outer grinding drum surface to the inner Mahlringoberfläche is preferably adjustable.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the grinding drums 345, 380 or one of the grinding drums 345, 380 is spring-loaded or pressed against the grinding ring or biased.

FIG. 17 shows an ore shredding device 290 according to the invention which has been extended by the second pulverization device 301 in comparison to FIG. 6a. The ore shredder device 290 has a feed hopper 1, via which coarse material to be shredded can be introduced into the device. The material is comminuted by means of the first pulverization device 300, in particular by the cooperating elements 30, 40, ie the comminution element 30 and the solid element 40. The comminuted pieces of material are moved out of the area between the elements 30, 40, in particular by gravity, and reach a funnel 14. The elements 30, 40 are preferably at a distance of substantially, exactly or at most 7 cm and more preferably in FIG a distance of substantially, exactly or at most 5 cm and more preferably at a distance of substantially, exactly or at most 3.5 cm to each other. It is conceivable that the distance between the elements 30, 40 adjustable, in particular variable, is. Particularly preferably, the distance between the elements 30, 40 can be adjusted continuously or in predefined stages. The funnel 14 passes the comminuted material, according to the arrow T1, via a pump device 410 into a separator or into a separating device 413. The separator 413 separates, in particular ciclo-type, sufficiently comminuted material parts of material parts which have not been sufficiently comminuted. The material portions which have not been sufficiently comminuted and which have been separated from the sufficiently comminuted material portions by the separator 413 are discharged from the separator 413 via a first outlet opening 414 or branch and are conveyed in accordance with the conveying line of a feed device 408 (see FIG ). The introduction device 408 is preferably mounted in the region of the wall 406 and serves for introducing the material fractions to be further comminuted into the second pulverization device 301. It is additionally or alternatively also conceivable for the further material fractions to be comminuted to be fed again to the first pulverization device 300. Reference numeral 416 denotes a second outlet opening or a further branch. By means of the second outlet opening 416 or by means of the further branch, the sufficiently pulverized ore according to the conveyor line T3 can be diverted or discharged from the area of the device 290, wherein the ore is preferably conveyed or conducted directly to a flotation device. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the separator 413 has three outlet devices and the comminuted material assigns three material size range, wherein the already sufficiently comminuted material is further promoted according to T3 and the insufficiently comminuted material is divided into a coarse and a fine portion. The coarse fraction can then be fed again to the first pulverization device 300 and the fine fraction can be fed to the second pulverization device 301, in particular according to FIG.

The sufficiently comminuted, in particular pulverized, material fractions are removed from the ore comminution device via the arrow marked in accordance with the arrow designated by the reference symbol T3, and are particularly preferably supplied directly to a flotation device.

It can be seen from this illustration that at least two shafts 357, 371 are provided. The shafts 357, 371 serve to drive the elements for guiding and / or driving 355. Preferably, the individual shafts 357, 371 are connected to drive devices 304. Furthermore, a third shaft (see Fig. 14) for driving a third element for guiding and / or driving 355 (see Fig. 15) is particularly preferably provided.

Furthermore, the grinding drums 345, 380 are shown, which are enclosed in the circumferential direction of the Mahlring.

The hydraulic spring pressure device 604 causes the shaft 21 and thus the comminuting means 30 to be loaded axially with a force of several tons. This means that an axial displacement of the shaft 21 in the X-direction takes place only when, for example, as a result of a material jam between the crushing elements 30, 40 forces or generated by the ramp portion 31, which are directed in the X direction and exceed the spring force. The hydraulic spring pressure device 604 thus advantageously causes the shaft 21 and the crushing elements 30, 40 are exposed in the X direction only a predetermined or set maximum force, whereby these elements are protected from damage. The displacement S1 of the shaft 21 as a result of a deflection of the hydraulic spring pressure device 604 is preferably in the range of a few or a few millimeters up to a few or a few centimeters.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the spring force can be set or predefined in such a way that defined ore particle sizes can be generated. The smaller the spring force, the larger the resulting ore particle sizes.

Preferably, the spring force is infinitely or continuously or in stages adjustable.

Reference numerals 506 and 508 denote roller bearings, by means of which the shaft 21 is preferably mounted. The roller bearings 506 are preferably designed as ball bearings and the rolling bearings 508 are preferably designed as a tapered bearing or needle roller bearings. In Fig. 18, the embodiment shown in Fig. 17 is shown in an opened configuration. In this configuration, at least the comminution element 30, and preferably the entire interior of the device 290, is preferably accessible to a person for maintenance work. In this case, the housing cover 420 is moved into the open position by means of an actuator 434 or by means of a plurality of actuators, in particular exactly two actuators 434, of a hydraulic device (cf., FIG. 21 a / b).

In Fig. 19a, a transport device 386 is shown in a plan view, on which a crushing device 290 according to the invention is arranged. The transport device 386 is preferably designed as a trailer that can be pulled by a motor vehicle. For this purpose, the transport device 386 has a frame 388, on which the shredding device 290 is preferably arranged permanently. However, it is also conceivable that the shredding device 290 is detachably coupled to the transport device 386. On the frame 388 at least or exactly two wheels per axis are preferably arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the transport device 386 has exactly one axis, it being conceivable that it has several, in particular two or three, axes. Via the coupling point 392, the transport device 386 can be coupled to a motor vehicle or another trailer.

FIG. 19b shows a side view of the illustration shown in FIG. 19a

In FIG. 20, the shredding device 290 according to the invention is arranged on a frame 393. Instead of a frame 393, however, the shredding device 290 may alternatively be arranged on a scaffold or a platform. The arrangement shown in Fig. 20 is advantageous because the discharge area 394 from which the shredded material is discharged is easily accessible due to the distance between the crusher 290 and the ground.

Furthermore, reference numbers 450, 452 designate the drive devices or motors by means of which the rotary ring body 344 (see FIG. 15) can be driven. In Fig. 21a, the device 290 according to the invention is shown in a closed configuration. In this closed configuration, the housing cover 420, which preferably communicates with the supply funnel 1, abuts the housing 3, in particular sealingly. The housing cover 420 is preferably held by means of a closure device 430, which is particularly preferably designed as a hydraulic device, and preferably pressed against the housing 3. The hydraulic device 430 preferably has a stator 432, which is particularly preferably arranged in the region of the housing 3 or on the housing 3. The stator 430 is preferably coupled to an actuator 434 such that it is displaceable in the direction of extension of the axis of rotation of the comminution element 30. Preferably, such a hydraulic device 430 is arranged on both sides of the housing 3. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the said hydraulic devices are also arranged in the region of the upper and lower wall region of the housing 3. It is also conceivable that more than two, in particular three or four, hydraulic devices 430 are provided, in particular in the upper and lower housing region and in the lateral housing regions. In the case of a plurality of hydraulic devices 430, these are preferably actuatable at the same time, in particular via a control device. The actuator 434 is preferably connected or coupled to the housing cover 420 via an actuator housing cover coupling point 436.

In Fig. 21b, the device 290 is shown in an open or opened configuration. The open or open configuration is characterized in that the housing cover 420 is at least partially removed from the housing 3 or spaced. Such spacing may occur as shown, i. the housing cover 420 can be spaced from the housing 3 by a preferred total distance. However, it is also conceivable that the housing cover 420 on the one hand bears against the housing 3 and is pivoted about the contact point by means of the closure device or hydraulic device 430.

The feed hopper 1 and the comminution element 40 are preferably arranged on the housing cover 420. By means of the feed hopper 1, the ore to be supplied can preferably be filled through the housing cover 420 and through the comminution element 40 into the closed housing 3 (see FIG Furthermore, the illustration of FIG. 21 b is to be taken from a person identified by the reference numeral 500. It can also be seen from this illustration that by means of the hydraulic device 432 the housing cover 420 with the devices arranged thereon, in particular the comminution element 40, is movable to a particular extent such that a human 500 is moved into the device 290 by the opening 502 resulting from the housing cover displacement can go into it or wait for some or all components in it. As maintenance work wear elements such as the ramp area 31, the projections 35, the projections 45 of the two crushing elements 30, 40 (see Fig. 8) can be replaced.

The hydraulic device 432 may additionally or alternatively serve as a spring device for the variable storage of the comminution element 40.

The device according to the invention also has process advantages in dry and / or wet process. In this context, the process independence of water is particularly important. The device according to the invention works both dry and wet - an advantage which the process chain of crushers and mills has to distinguish on the basis of the function. Furthermore, the Micro Impact mill also crushes slag or a mixture of slag and ore material, which overstrains the shredding technology of classic plants due to the hardness of the material.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that this device can process rock and / or slag. Even bricks from blast furnaces do not bother her. Considered from the scope of performance, the device according to the invention can even replace the entire process chain of several crushers and ball mill. Rock fragments preferably up to 80 cm, more preferably up to 50 cm and particularly preferably up to 40 cm are processed directly flotationsgerecht in one process step. This is faced with several crushing stages with crushers until then a ball mill does its job.

In particular, there is only a slight wear in the apparatus according to the invention by the micro-impact, that is, by the repeated coincidence of differently accelerated ore, whereby the mechanical elements only small charged, with no additional loose grinding elements or iron balls must be used.

In addition, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention make it possible to comminute and pulverize slag per se or together with ore material, since due to the small dimensioning of the comminuting space and the relatively small sized comminution elements with a corresponding rotation of high forces on the crushing ore material or act on the slag to be crushed and thereby effective pulverization takes place. Due to the rotation, which due to the dimensions 100 can have up to approximately 2000 revolutions per minute of a comminution element, also slag can be effectively pulverized, which is very brittle and has a hard structure.

With the device according to the invention, both the raw material productivity and the conservation of resources can be improved. This innovation makes pre-shredding with crushers and mills superfluous - in a very energy-efficient and ecological way. Furthermore, this innovative device is advantageous because it combines energy efficiency with resource efficiency and at the same time provides a completely new human-machine cooperation without silicosis and noise deafness.

Thus, the invention relates to an apparatus for comminuting ore material and / or slag, which comprises an ore feed device for supplying ore to be comminuted to a first pulverizing device, wherein the first pulverizing device is constructed of at least two mutually movable crushing elements, which at least form a comminuting space for the ore to be comminuted, that the ore to be comminuted is at least partially pulverized by a relative movement in the form of a rotation about the axis of rotation of at least one of the two comminuting elements, that at least one of the comminuting elements comprises one or more accelerating elements, in particular protrusions, are provided, which are arranged in particular on the front side of one of the two crushing elements and which by the rotation of one of the two crushing elements to accelerating and comminuting crushing ore, and wherein between the two crushing elements and / or in at least one of the two crushing elements is provided a gap through which during the rotation the pulverized ore is transported away from the center of rotation and away from the two crushing elements, and wherein at least one of the two comminution elements has an operative connection with a hydraulic spring pressure device, wherein the hydraulic spring pressure device is designed such that it controls the comminution element with which it is operatively connected in the direction of the other comminution element in dependence on an adjustable hydraulic spring pressure Control unit stores variable spring.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 feed funnel

2 feet

3 housing

4 suction opening

6 feet

8 engine

9 pulley

10 straps

11 drive roller

14 discharge funnels

15 control flap 21 shaft

30 crushing element

31 ramp area 33 ramp end

35 protrusions

36 recess

40 fixed element

41 feed opening

42 ring area

45 lead

46 recess

50 ore lumps

51 ore particles

52 ore particles

55 Pulverized ore gap

Auslasseinschnitte

fixed element

accelerator

angle range

recess

Auslasseinschnitte

rotating member

recess

fixed element

feed

gap

comminution device

First pulverizing device

Second pulverization device

First means for fixing and force transmission

Second means for fixing and force transfer

Third means for fixing and force transfer

frame element

housing

Fourth means for fixing and / or force transmission

First lower shaft for fixing and / or driving the grinding ring

grinding ring

First grinding drum

roller bearing 347 axis

348 rolling bearing cover element

349 Spacer element for receiving and spacing the axles 347

350 Fixation of the spacer element

351 axis

352 Inner rolling bearing cover element

354 fixation site

355 element for guiding and / or driving the grinding ring

356 means for securing an axle

357 Upper shaft for fixing and / or driving the grinding ring (or axle)

358 Rolling bearings for storing the grinding drum

359 Washer

360 nut

361 Stop for fixing the grinding ring

362 Inner cover element

363 Upper fixing body for fixing the grinding ring

364 disc member for fixing a lower axis supporting the Mahlring

365 disc element for fixing an upper axis supporting the Mahlring

366 Lower fixation body for fixing the grinding ring

367 drive wheel

368 round disc-type transmission plate

369 drive chain

370 engine

371 Second lower shaft for fixing and / or driving the grinding ring

372 straps

380 Second grinding drum

381 fixation site 382 opening

383 External surface of the grinding drum

384 Outer surface of the grinding ring

385 Inner surface of the grinding ring

386 transporting device

388 frames

390 wheels

392 interface

393 frame

394 discharge area

402 first holding device

403 second holding device

404 third holding device

406 wall

408 introduction device

410 pump device

412 Connection point to wall

413 separating device

414 first outlet opening in the separator 416 second outlet opening in the separator

419 line section

420 housing cover

430 Hydraulic device

432 stator

434 opening device

436 Actuator housing cover coupling

450 first auxiliary drive 452 second auxiliary drive

500 human

502 opening

506 rolling bearings

507 support unit

508 bearings

520 feed connection

521 Axial end of the shaft

604 hydraulic spring pressure device

R direction of rotation of the grinding ring

S1 displacement

T1 First transport direction

T2 Second transport direction

T3 Third transport direction

X direction

Claims

claims

An apparatus (290) for comminuting ore material and / or slag, which comprises an ore feed device (1) for supplying ore to be comminuted to a first pulverization device (300), wherein the first pulverization device (300) comprises at least two mutually movable crushing elements (30, 40) is constructed, which together form at least one crushing space for the ore to be comminuted, that by at least partially by a relative movement in the form of a rotation about the axis of rotation of at least one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) the ore to be crushed is pulverized, that at least one of the crushing elements (30, 40) one or more acceleration elements (35), in particular projections (35) are provided which are arranged in particular on the front side of one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) and which by the rotation of one of the two comminution elements (30, 40) accelerate and crush the ore to be crushed,

and wherein between the two crushing elements (30, 40) and / or in at least one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) is provided a gap (60) through which, during rotation, the pulverized ore is directed outwardly from the center of rotation the two crushing elements (30, 40) is transported away, and wherein at least one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) is in operative connection with a hydraulic spring pressure device (604), wherein the hydraulic spring pressure device (604) is designed such that they the crushing element (30, 40), with which it is operatively connected, in the direction of the other crushing element (30, 40) depending on an adjustable hydraulic spring pressure control unit variable resiliently supports.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1,

characterized in that

at least one of the comminution elements (30, 40) is arranged on a shaft (21) for driving the comminution element (30),

wherein the hydraulic spring means (604) is directly coupled to and biased by the shaft (21) or comminuting element (30) and wherein the shaft (21) and arranged thereon crushing element (30) against the spring force of the hydraulic spring pressure device (604) are displaceable.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2,

characterized in that

a displacement of the shaft (21) and the crushing element (30) in response to the bias of the hydraulic spring pressure device (604), wherein a deflection of the hydraulic spring pressure device (604) in operation of the first pulverization device (300) due to one of the two Crushing elements (30, 40) generated and directed against a spring force of the hydraulic spring pressure device (604) resulting contact force deflection force results when the deflection force exceeds the contact force.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the hydraulic spring pressure device (604) by the adjustable hydraulic spring pressure control unit variable in amplitude, in particular oscillating, the spring force of the hydraulic spring pressure device (604) within a range of 100 ms to 1 ms, preferably within a range of 20 ms to 2 ms, further preferably within a range of 0 ms to 3 ms and more preferably within a range of 7 ms to 3 ms sets.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the hydraulic spring pressure device (604) comprises a plurality of hydraulic spring means, wherein the individual hydraulic spring means are arranged such that they press the comminution element (30) coupled to the shaft (21) in the direction of the other comminution element (40).

6. Device according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that

the shaft (21) is mounted in a housing (2) of the device by means of roller bearings and is coupled to a drive device (8, 9) for rotating the shaft (21) and the comminuting element (30) arranged thereon.

7. Device according to one of claims 2 to 6,

characterized in that

the hydraulic spring means (604) is disposed in an end portion of the shaft (21), the end portion being axially spaced from a second end portion of the shaft (21) on which the crushing member (30) is disposed.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7,

characterized in that

a comminution element (40) is arranged on a housing cover which at least temporarily terminates a housing (3) of the device in the extension direction of the axis of rotation, wherein the housing cover (420) is movable relative to the device and wherein the fixed comminution element (40) is opened by means of an opening device (434 ), which connects the housing cover (420) with the device, is pressed against the other crushing element (30).

9. Method (290) for comminuting ore material and / or slag, which comprises an ore feed device (1) for feeding ore to be comminuted to a first pulverization device (300), wherein the first pulverization device (300) comprises at least two comminution elements which are movable relative to one another (30, 40) is constructed, which together form at least one crushing space for the ore to be comminuted, that by at least partially by a relative movement in the form of a rotation about the axis of rotation of at least one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) ore to be crushed is pulverized, that at least one of the crushing elements (30, 40) one or more acceleration elements (35), in particular projections (35) are provided which are arranged in particular on the front side of one of the two crushing elements (30, 40) and which through the Rotation of one of the two comminution elements (30, 40) accelerate and crush the ore to be comminuted,