EP3895806A1 - Method and device for cmomminuting solid materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for comminuting solid materials, the device comprising: a pre-comminuting unit with at least one first receptacle (6) for receiving coarsely comminuted material, at least one first comminuting device (8) for finely comminuting the coarsely comminuted material, at least one sieve (10) to separate the finely comminuted material into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction, a second container (14) for receiving the fine fraction of the finely comminuted material, and a return unit for returning the coarse fraction of the finely comminuted material to the first receiving container (6 ), and a post-shredding unit with at least one second shredder (20) for the finest shredding of the fine fraction of the finely shredded material, and at least one cyclone separator (22) for further treatment of material emerging from the second shredder. Furthermore, a method for comminuting materials and the use of the device for this purpose are specified.

Description

The invention relates to a device for comminuting solid materials, a method for this in which this device can be used, and the use of the device for comminuting solid materials.

In particular, the invention relates to a method for fine and ultra-fine grinding or comminution of solid materials / substances of different hardness, with the simultaneous production of finished products of various types - both finely ground substances and nano-powders, d. H. those with high proportions of nanoparticles. The invention can be used in the processing of a wide variety of raw materials, which are then later used as fillers, e.g. B. for the production of masterbatches, polypropylenes and polyethylenes, compounds, ceramics, paper, lacquers, paints, dry mixes and cement for the construction industry, for waste processing in the metallurgical industry, for processing precious metal stones and fertilizers as well as dry substances in the manufacture of cosmetics and medicines.

A grinding system is known which consists of a coarse and fine grinding component. The first component is with a roller mill and a classifier and the second with a tube mill, a distributor and a classifier ( WO 2006/087167 A1 ) fitted. The silo is mainly intended for the transport of grain and is not suitable for its stationary storage.

Furthermore, a crushing plant is known which crushes ore in three stages. It consists of an ore bunker with a charging device, a mill for self-comminution for the first stage, a ball mill for coarse grinding, a mill for fine grinding, a wet cyclone group, a classifier and a distributor (utility model RU No. 72463 ).

Furthermore, a system is known in the RU 94038379 A is described; it consists of a device for coarse and fine grinding, a filling silo, a dosing silo, a conveyor system consisting of pneumatic and return lines, cyclones and a filter system.

All of the systems described above have disadvantages. They do not allow the production of finely ground powders in which the particles are evenly distributed; the starting material or input material for the various units can be unevenly comminuted. The energy consumption is high, there is a large amount of waste and the process is not environmentally friendly. It may be that the known systems have to be equipped with additional energy-intensive classifiers and distributors as well as with systems for circulating / recirculating the coarse grain fractions for re-shredding. This causes higher energy consumption during operation, high labor costs and longer process times that are required to manufacture the end product. This increases the cost of the manufacturing process and the overall costs.

Starting from the state of the art, the invention is based on the object of specifying a universal, energy-efficient and resource-saving device and method which enable simultaneous production of several types of powders with different hardnesses and different chemical and mineralogical ones Composition made possible, with process performance control and particle size analysis and with low energy consumption in a closed circuit within a plant. According to one aspect of the invention, powders are to be produced in a sufficiently homogeneous form.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a device according to claim 1, a method according to claim 9 and a use according to claim 15. Advantageous further developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

• eine Vorzerkleinerungseinheit mit zumindest einem ersten Aufnahmebehälter zur Aufnahme von grob zerkleinertem Material, zumindest einem ersten Zerkleinerer zur Feinzerkleinerung des grob zerkleinerten Materials, zumindest ein Sieb, um das fein zerkleinerte Material in eine Feinfraktion und eine Grobfraktion zu trennen, einem zweiten Behälter zur Aufnahme der Feinfraktion des fein zerkleinerten Materials, und einer Rückführeinheit zur Rückführung der Grobfraktion des fein zerkleinerten Materials in den ersten Aufnahmebehälter, und
• eine Nachzerkleinerungseinheit mit zumindest einen zweiten Zerkleinerer zur Feinstzerkleinerung der Feinfraktion des fein zerkleinerten Materials.

According to the invention there is provided a device for comminuting solid materials, the device comprising:

• a pre-shredding unit with at least one first receptacle for receiving coarsely shredded material, at least one first shredder for fine shredding of the coarsely shredded material, at least one sieve to separate the finely shredded material into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction, a second container for receiving the fine fraction of the finely comminuted material, and a return unit for returning the coarse fraction of the finely comminuted material to the first receiving container, and
• a post-shredding unit with at least one second shredder for the finest shredding of the fine fraction of the finely shredded material.

With the device according to the invention, a universal, energy-efficient and resource-saving technology is specified which enables the simultaneous production of several types of powders with different hardness and different chemical and mineralogical compositions, with process performance control and particle size analysis and with low energy consumption in a closed circuit within a company. According to one aspect of the invention, powders can be produced in a sufficiently homogeneous form.

The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention have the advantage that recycling or subsequent comminution can be avoided.

The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention also have the advantage that materials of different hardness can be processed efficiently at the same time. Since the first shredder will usually shred materials of different hardness into particles with different size distribution, the downstream sieving with a return of the coarse fraction can ensure that the differences in the size distributions of the materials of different hardness are reduced and materials are fed to the downstream post-shredding unit Size distributions are more similar to one another despite possible different hardnesses.

According to the invention, the post-shredding unit can have at least one cyclone separator for the further treatment of the material that emerges from the second shredder. Cyclone separators are known per se to the person skilled in the art. So he knows which ones to use and how they work. He also knows that Zykon separators separate the material depending on its mass and not - like centrifuges - depending on its density.

According to the invention, the first shredder and the sieve can be designed and matched to one another in such a way that the size of the finely shredded material essentially corresponds to the separation size between the fine fraction and the coarse fraction.

According to the invention, the first shredder and the sieve can be designed and coordinated with one another in such a way that the size of the material emerging from the first shredder essentially corresponds to the size of the largest parts of the fine fraction of the sieve.

According to the invention, the first shredder and the sieve can be designed and coordinated with one another in such a way that the first shredder has a sieve with a mesh size which essentially corresponds to the mesh size of the sieve.

This embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous because the return of the coarse fraction ensures that the coarse fraction of the sieve is returned to the shredder of the pre-shredding unit until it has the desired specification and reaches the fine fraction during sieving. It has surprisingly been found that the sieving following the first comminution with a separation size that corresponds to the size of the particles leaving the first comminution, or with a mesh size that corresponds to the mesh size of a sieve of the first comminutor, significantly greater security and provides efficiency in the operation of the apparatus of the invention.

According to the invention, the device can have a coarse crushing unit for coarsely crushing material into coarsely crushed material in order to feed the coarsely crushed material to the pre-crushing unit. The coarse shredding unit can comprise at least one or more crushers. The at least one crusher or several crushers can preferably have at least one or more two-roll crushers. Alternatively or additionally, the crusher (s) can have at least one or more single-roller crushers. Alternatively or additionally, the crusher (s) can have at least one or more cheek breakers. These types of breakers have proven to be inexpensive proven, because the materials used are not only particularly well comminuted, but also particularly favorable particle sizes can be obtained in the coarse comminution. When selecting the crusher, particle sizes should be achieved that the pre-shredding unit can process reliably and safely, for example, suitable mills to be selected. The person skilled in the art knows how these components can be coordinated with one another or which material should be fed to the pre-shredding unit. This information can be found in the device specifications of the components, for example. Alternatively or additionally, coarsely comminuted material can also be delivered or fed directly to the device according to the invention.

According to the invention, the device can have a receptacle in which the material to be comminuted can be located and from where it can be fed to an optional coarse comminution or an optional crusher.

A crusher in the sense of the present invention are machines for comminuting lumpy feed material to smaller grain sizes in the coarse to medium size range. They are mainly used to produce broken minerals from stones. In contrast to this, one speaks of mills when the target grain size is to be in the fine or very fine range. As a rule, this limit will be in the range of, for example, 50 μm to 500 μm for a target grain size, which means that crushers usually have a target grain limit above this limit range and mills have a target grain limit below this limit range, whereby smooth transitions can exist. Crushers are most widespread in the industrial processing of mineral raw materials, see quarries, lime works, gravel works, mining and secondary materials, see recycling, building rubble.

According to the invention, the first comminutor can have at least one mill or several mills. The mill can preferably have at least one hammer mill or some of the mill (s) can preferably each have at least one hammer mill.

According to the invention, the first comminutor or the mill can be adapted to comminute the coarsely comminuted material to a particle size of the order of 500 μm. This can be done in a favorable manner, for example, with a hammer mill, which preferably has a sieve whose mesh size is in the order of magnitude of approx. 500 μm or in the order of magnitude of the desired target size or order of magnitude of the particles into which the material from the first The shredder is to be shredded.

Hammer mills usually work on the principle of impact and impact. The rotating hammers hit the grist in the grinding chamber. When it has reached the required fineness, the grist leaves through a sieve down into the grinding chamber. Hammer mills can be equipped with different sieve inserts, depending on the product properties and the desired comminution result, which can include, for example, a bar sieve or a mesh sieve or a sieve grate. As a rule, different perforated and bar screen grids with corresponding mesh sizes can be used, which, depending on the material, can determine the size of the particles passing through the screen.

The sieve downstream of the first grinder can advantageously increase the likelihood that particles that are beaten by the hammer mill, but have a larger dimension in the direction of passage than the passage opening, get into the coarse fraction and are returned to the first grinder in order to also be in this dimension to be scaled down sufficiently.

According to the invention, the mesh size of the sieve of the first crusher or the hammer mill of the first crusher and the mesh size of the sieve downstream of the first crusher are of the same order of magnitude or can be selected so that particles of approximately the same size can pass through.

According to the invention, the sieve can have at least one single or multiple oscillating sieve or several single or multiple oscillating sieves. Alternatively or additionally, the sieve can have at least one vibrating sieve or several vibrating sieves.

The provision of several identical or preferably different sieves can ensure a higher quality of the starting material of the pre-shredding unit, which is fed to the post-shredding unit, because the material to be returned to the first shredding unit in the pre-shredding unit can be separated out better.

According to the invention, the re-shredding unit can have at least one third container for receiving the material further treated with the cyclone separator.

According to the invention, the re-shredding unit can have a plurality of third containers for receiving the material further treated with the cyclone separator. This has the advantage that more material or different qualities of the material can be kept available for delivery.

According to the invention, the second container can be connected to a first hose filter, which can preferably be provided with a vacuum cleaner. This has the advantage that unwanted dust can be removed from the material before it is finely reduced, so that the downstream post-shredding unit with the second shredding unit can be operated more effectively and better.

According to the invention, the bag filter can be designed and arranged in such a way that essentially the material is removed that has a particle size of less than approximately 50% of the separation size of the sieve.

According to the invention, the bag filter can be designed and arranged in such a way that essentially the material is removed that has a particle size of less than approximately 60% of the separation size of the sieve.

According to the invention, the bag filter can be designed and arranged in such a way that essentially the material is removed that has a particle size of less than approximately 70% of the separation size of the sieve.

According to the invention, the bag filter can be designed and arranged in such a way that essentially the material is removed that has a particle size of less than approximately 80% of the separation size of the sieve. In the case of a separation size of the order of magnitude of 500 μm, this means that the material with a particle size of up to approximately 400 μm is removed so that material with a particle size of approximately 400 μm to 500 μm is fed to the post-shredding unit.

According to the invention, the bag filter can be designed and arranged in such a way that essentially the material is removed that has a particle size of less than approximately 90% of the separation size of the sieve.

According to the invention, a magnetic separator can be provided in front of the first container, which is adapted to remove magnetic material from the coarsely comminuted material. This can have the advantage that a material is further processed that has been at least largely freed from any magnetic material that may be present if it was present in the coarsely comminuted material. This has the advantage that as a result of a homogeneous or less magnetic starting material the product can be produced more homogeneously.

According to the invention, the first receptacle can have at least one or more bunkers.

According to the invention, the second receptacle can have one or more bunkers.

According to the invention, the third container can have one or more bunkers. The bunker or some of the bundles or bunkers can be designed as end bunkers.

According to the invention, the first receiving container in the device can be a receiving bunker and / or the second receiving container can be a receiving bunker and / or the third container can be a further bunker and / or the end container can be an end bunker. The use of the phrase “and / or” indicates that any combination of containers or bunkers is contemplated. It has proven to be favorable that the first receiving container, the second receiving container, the third container and the end container are each designed as a bunker. In the context of the present invention, a bunker is understood to mean large containers for holding bulk goods (e.g. coal, ore, grain).

According to the invention, the sieve can be designed and adapted in such a way that it has a separation size in the order of magnitude of approximately 500 μm and / or the mesh size of the sieve is in the order of magnitude of approx. 400 μm to 500 μm. In the case of several sieve devices of the sieve, this can apply to one sieve device, several of the sieve devices or all of the sieve devices. The sieve of the first shredder can preferably also have a corresponding mesh size.

According to the invention, the device can also Pipelines, screw conveyors, such as vertical screw conveyors or inclined screw conveyors), bucket conveyors, chain conveyors and / or plate conveyors, with which material can be conveyed from one component to another component in a favorable manner. The above-mentioned serial or partially parallel connection of the components can therefore take place with pipelines, screw conveyors, bucket conveyors, chain conveyors and / or plate conveyors.

According to the invention, the material can thus be conveyed through the device from one component to the next via pipelines, screw conveyors, bucket conveyors, chain conveyors and / or plate conveyors.

According to the invention, the components specified above or some or all of the components in the device can be connected in series, i.e. the components connected in series are connected to one another in the order given above or as follows: an optional coarse shredding unit is followed by the pre-shredding unit, which is followed by the post-shredding unit. The optional coarse shredding unit and the pre-shredding can create a pre-shredding, while the post-shredding unit can create a fine shredding. It should be noted that the serial circuit in the sense of the present invention also includes that further components can be serially interposed or connected in parallel between the above components of the device according to the invention, a parallel connection being preferable if, for example, several different products are produced at the same time or several bunkers are to be loaded with one material at the same time.

According to one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the fine comminution unit or Fine shredding unit in the DE 10 2018 212 830 B3 described shredder are used. This is known, so that the person skilled in the art knows its structure and its mode of operation and operation. The essential structural features are therefore only briefly given below. It is a shredder for the fine and ultra-fine shredding of lumpy solid materials, in particular minerals and solid fossil raw materials, which has: a housing with an axial inlet opening and a tangential outlet opening and an essentially cylindrical, annular shredding chamber in which two in Coaxial rotors rotatable in opposite directions are arranged in a horizontal zone, on whose surfaces facing each other annular comminuting elements are arranged, between which radially extending channel sections closed in their circumferential direction are formed, with at least one annular zone also being present between the rotors which is free of comminuting elements and channel sections and into which the channels of the adjacent inner ring zone open and in which the partial flows emerging from the channels are swirled.

The surfaces of the rotors facing one another can be provided with depressions in the ring zone free of comminution elements to increase the turbulence. Around the periphery of the rotors, an annular region can be formed which is delimited to the outside by the inner wall of the housing and which causes further turbulence in the material flows emerging from the rotors. Impact plates, which are connected to the inner wall of the housing, can be arranged in the ring area. Furthermore, the shredder can be provided with ventilation devices which are arranged on the housing and enable ventilation of the interior of the housing to change the solid-air ratio in the housing.

According to the invention, the second shredder of the fine shredding unit or the post-shredding unit can thus also be designed in accordance with the shredding system described in the German patent DE 10 2018 212 830 B3 is disclosed, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Thus, according to the invention, taking into account the reference and also without taking the reference into account, the second shredder or the fine shredding unit of the device can have the following: a housing with an axial inlet opening and a tangential outlet opening and a substantially cylindrical, annular shredding chamber, in which two are in a horizontal zone Coaxial rotors rotatable in opposite directions are arranged, on whose surfaces facing each other annular shredding elements are arranged, between which radially extending channel sections closed in their circumferential direction are formed, wherein between the rotors there is also at least one annular zone which is free of shredding elements and channel sections and in which open the channels of the adjacent inner ring zone and in which the partial flows emerging from the channels are swirled.

1. a) erstes Zerkleinern von grob zerkleinerten Material mit einer Vorzerkleinerungseinheit, um das grob zerkleinerte Material fein zu zerkleinern,
2. b) Sieben des fein zerkleinerten Material mit einem Sieb, um das fein zerkleinerte Material in eine Feinfraktion und eine Grobfraktion zu trennen,
3. c) Rückführen der Grobfraktion des fein zerkleinerten Materials zum Schritt a) des ersten Zerkleinerns, und
4. d) zweites Zerkleinern der Feinfraktion des fein zerkleinerten Materials mit einer Nachzerkleinerungseinheit.

According to the invention, a method for comminuting solid materials is also specified, which has at least the following method steps:

1. a) first crushing of coarsely crushed material with a pre-crushing unit in order to finely crush the coarsely crushed material,
2. b) Sieving the finely crushed material with a sieve to separate the finely crushed material into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction,
3. c) returning the coarse fraction of the finely comminuted material to step a) of the first comminution, and
4. d) second comminution of the fine fraction of the finely comminuted material with a secondary comminution unit.

According to the invention, step a) of the first comminution and step b) of sieving can be coordinated with one another in such a way that the mean size of the finely comminuted material essentially corresponds to the separation size between the fine fraction and the coarse fraction.

According to the invention, the method can include the following further step:
e) Treating the material further shredded by the post-shredding unit with a cyclone separator.

According to the invention, the following step can be included before step a) of the first reduction in size:
f) coarsely crushing material into coarsely crushed material in order to feed it to the pre-shredding unit.

According to the invention, magnetic material can be separated off with a magnetic separator before step a) of the first comminution. This can have the advantage that a material is further processed that has been at least largely freed from any magnetic material that may be present if it was present in the coarsely comminuted material.

According to the invention, the coarse crushing can be carried out with a crusher. As stated above, the crusher can preferably have at least one or more two-roller crushers and / or at least one or more single-roller crushers and / or at least one or more cheek crushers.

According to the invention, during the first comminution in step a), the coarsely comminuted material can be finely comminuted into particles with a particle size of the order of about 400 μm to 500 μm.

According to the invention, the comminution can take place in three steps. First, there is an optional coarse comminution to a particle size of an order of magnitude that can be fed to hammer mills, for example. Depending on the hammer mill used, the order of magnitude can be, for example, in the range from approx. 50 mm to approx. 500-800 mm. In a further (or first step, if particles of the desired size are delivered and not coarsely comminuted), pre-comminution takes place to a particle size in the order of, for example, 50 μm to approx. 400 μm and / or 500 μm or the desired input particle size for a Crushing plant, for example according to the DE 10 2018 212 830 B3 can be formed. In a second or third step, it is finely comminuted to a particle size of the order of magnitude up to nanoparticles. For example, the initial size of the particles in this step can be 100 to 500 nm (nanometers), as is achieved, for example, by a comminution system according to FIG DE 10 2018 212 830 B3 can be reached.

The size of the particles can be determined, if necessary, for example by sieve analysis or light microscopy and, in the case of smaller-sized particles, by sedimentation analysis, laser diffraction particle size analysis (laser diffractiometry) and / or electron microscopy.

According to the invention, after the optional coarse comminution and before the pre-comminution, magnetic material can be separated off, for example with a magnetic separator.

In one embodiment, the coarse crushing with a Two-roll crusher, single-roll crusher or cheek crusher take place. In one embodiment, the pre-comminuting and grinding can be carried out in such a way that particles with a particle size in the order of magnitude of approximately 200 μm to approximately 500 μm or approximately 300 μm to approximately 500 μm or approximately 400 μm to approximately 500 μm or approx. 450 µm to approx. 500 µm can be obtained. This can be achieved, for example, by grinding in a hammer mill and then filtering with, for example, a bag filter.

The present invention also relates to the use of the above-described device according to the invention for comminuting solid materials. This use can take place, for example, according to the method according to the invention, which is also described above. The details of the use according to the invention emerge from the present description of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention.

Features and advantages of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are summarized below.

According to the invention, one or more production lines can be installed in one room.

Depending on the starting conditions, the production line can be equipped with optional coarse shredding units or crushing devices of various types, which can be installed as modules. Depending on the technical goal, a pre-shredding unit can be used initially. These can process material with different particle sizes. With a heavy weight class, for example, over 50 tons of material can be processed per hour, with a medium weight class up to 50 tons per hour and with a light weight class up to 10 tons per hour.

According to the invention, two different pre-shredding units can be used for the simultaneous supply of several production lines, the starting products of which can be further treated in a common post-shredding unit or in separate post-shredding units.

A design is favorable in which the coarse shredding unit or the pre-shredding unit consists of the following components connected in series: a receiving container, a vibrating feeder, a two-roller tooth crusher for coarse shredding, a vertical cup conveyor or vertical chain / plate conveyor, an intermediate receiving container, a hammer mill horizontal feed, return and inclined conveyors, a vibrating screen and a suction system for the pre-shredding unit, which includes a bag filter and vacuum cleaner. A magnetic separator can be installed in front of the loading opening of the intermediate receptacle so that the raw material can be cleaned of magnetic foreign bodies. Depending on the performance class of the production system, the module can be heavy or medium-heavy in order to be able to supply one or more production lines at the same time with the pre-shredded raw material.

In the case of this invention, it does not matter how the module is actually constructed. It can consist of a single or two-roll crusher, also a cheek or hammer mill. The pre-shredding unit can also be equipped with a two-stage device so that the plant can be operated directly on raw material deposits such as quarries and open-cast mines.

A feature of the invention is that preferably a shredder according to DE 10 2018 212 830 B3 can be used as described above, with mechanical shredding down to nanoparticles and with a low energy consumption, without additional resources, such as. B. water, air, or steam, and without additional supply connections and lines.

The invention is characterized in that this technology uses universal, waste product-free, energy-efficient and resource-saving shredders in which a mechanical process is used to shred various materials, as is, for example, in the DE 10 2018 212 830 B3 is described. With regard to the technical details and the functionality, express reference is made to the DE 10 2018 212 830 B3 referenced.

The invention is characterized in that the technology contains different pre-shredding units that do not impair the quality of the finished product.

The invention is characterized in that not only at least one but also several shredders can be used here.

The invention is characterized by the fact that the technology allows two different configurations for the manufacture of the finished product to be combined and operated simultaneously: with separation of particles and without separation.

The invention is characterized in that there is the possibility of regulating the production output and grain sizes according to the specifications without the configuration having to be changed.

The invention is characterized in that the technology can have at least two separators, which enables many different finished products different grain size can be produced.

The invention is characterized in that the technology allows different types of finished product with different properties to be produced simultaneously or alternately.

The invention is characterized in that dry substances for the food and pharmaceutical industries can be produced without exchanging devices and only by high temperature during the comminution and simultaneous disinfection.

The invention is characterized in that dry powders can be produced from the starting material of high humidity - without prior drying - with fine grinding and drying taking place in one work step.

The invention is characterized in that the method can run in a closed circuit at negative pressure; this contributes to environmental friendliness. The process is practically completely dust-free and the exhaust air can be 99.9% emission-free (air purification 99.9%.)

The invention is characterized by the fact that there are practically no waste products here: the entire starting material is almost completely or practically 100% processed, i. H. the technology is practically waste-free and resource-saving.

A large number of advantages are achieved with the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention.

An advantage of the invention is that the technology does not generate any waste, ie a finished product is created without by-products and waste (practically 100% yield).

Another advantage of the present invention is that the production process is in a completely closed circuit and meets the strictest environmental protection requirements (practically absolutely free of dust emissions: - air purification level 99.9%).

Another advantage is that all loading devices can be equipped with frequency converters; this allows the speed and production output to be regulated at all points on the production line; this enables the production of finished products of different grain sizes, i. H. A large number of different finished products can be produced simultaneously or alternately on one and the same production line without having to change the equipment.

Furthermore, the device according to the invention can contain up to two sorting units, as a result of which a variety of finished products of different grain sizes can be produced. These two sorting units can be: a unit for raw material sifting with vibrating sieve and auxiliary devices (horizontal and vertical screw and bucket conveyors), so that thanks to the changeable sieve mesh size it is possible to obtain different input sizes of the raw material particles; this influences the fine grinding or fine grinding and the grain size in the finished product. A unit equipped with a separator for sorting the finished product enables large quantities of nanoparticles to be produced.

Another advantage of this invention is that raw materials with a high level of moisture can also be processed in this process without any additional preparation; When grinding down to nanoparticles, drying also takes place.

Another advantage of this invention is that the present invention is universal; she can also for Manufacture of dry fillers for the food and pharmaceutical industries can be used without having to change the main units. In this case, disinfection devices can be installed after the pre-shredding unit and before the packaging machine, and some machine parts can be lined with ceramics.

Another advantage of the device according to the invention is that different and mutually interchangeable types of machines and devices (e.g. filters, cyclones, fans, screw conveyors, etc.) can be used without the production output and product quality being impaired or design changes being required.

1

Aufnahmebehälter

1A

Kranbalken

2

Rüttelaufgeber

3

Vorzerkleinerungseinheit (z.B. Brecher)

4

Schneckenförderer

4a

magnetischer Abscheider

5

Ketten-/Tellerförderer bzw. Becherförderer

6

erster Aufnahmebehälter

7

Austragsschleuse

8

Mühle

9

Schneckenförderer

10

Sieb

11

Schneckenförderer

12

Schneckenförderer

13

weiterer Ketten-/Tellerförderer bzw. Becherförderer

14

zweiter Aufnahmebehälter

15

Schlauchfilter

16

Staubsauger

16A

Kompressor

17

Austragsschleuse

18

Schneckenförderer

19

Dosiereinheit

20

Zerkleiner

21

Rohrleitung

22

Zyklonabscheider

22A

Zyklonabschneider

23

Schlauchfilter

23A

Schlauchfilter

24

Endbehälter

25

Endbehälter

26

Dosierungsschleuse

27

Dosierungsschleuse

28

Schneckenförderer

29

Schneckenförderer

30

Verpackungslinie

31

Verpackungslinie

32

Schneckenförderer

33

Tankwagen

34

Trenner

35

Schneckenförderer

36

Schneckenförderer

37

Papiersack

38

Papiersack

39

Schlauchfilter

40

Staubsauger

41

Kompressor

42

automatisches System zur Produktionsregelung

43

Staubsauger

44

Staubsauger

101

Gehäuse

102

Eintrittsöffnung

103

Austrittsöffnung

104

Zerkleinerungskammer

105

Rotor

106

Rotor

107

Paddel

108

Zerkleinerungselement

109

Zerkleinerungselement

110

Zerkleinerungselement

111

Ring

112

Ring

113

Ring

114

Ring

115

Ring

116

Zerkleinerungselement

117

Zerkleinerungselement

118

Ring

121

Hohlraum

122

Hohlraum

A

Zone (Sprödbruchzone)

B

Zone (Zerkleinerungszone)

C

Zone (Kollisionszone)

G

Schleuderstreuer

The invention is to be explained in more detail below with reference to figures without restricting the general inventive concept. The following reference symbols are used:

1

Receiving container

1A

Jib

2

Vibratory feeder

3

Pre-shredding unit (e.g. crusher)

4th

Screw conveyor

4a

magnetic separator

5

Chain / plate conveyors or bucket conveyors

6th

first receptacle

7th

Discharge lock

8th

mill

9

Screw conveyor

10

Sieve

11

Screw conveyor

12th

Screw conveyor

13th

further chain / plate conveyors or bucket conveyors

14th

second receptacle

15th

Bag filter

16

vacuum cleaner

16A

compressor

17th

Discharge lock

18th

Screw conveyor

19th

Dosing unit

20th

Chopper

21

Pipeline

22nd

Cyclone separator

22A

Cyclone separator

23

Bag filter

23A

Bag filter

24

Final container

25th

Final container

26th

Dosing lock

27

Dosing lock

28

Screw conveyor

29

Screw conveyor

30th

Packaging line

31

Packaging line

32

Screw conveyor

33

Tank truck

34

separator

35

Screw conveyor

36

Screw conveyor

37

Paper sack

38

Paper sack

39

Bag filter

40

vacuum cleaner

41

compressor

42

automatic production control system

43

vacuum cleaner

44

vacuum cleaner

101

casing

102

Inlet opening

103

Outlet opening

104

Shredding chamber

105

rotor

106

rotor

107

paddle

108

Shredding element

109

Shredding element

110

Shredding element

111

ring

112

ring

113

ring

114

ring

115

ring

116

Shredding element

117

Shredding element

118

ring

121

cavity

122

cavity

A.

Zone (brittle fracture zone)

B.

Zone (crushing zone)

C.

Zone (collision zone)

G

Centrifugal spreader

Brief description of the figures:

Fig. 1

an embodiment of the device according to the invention.

Fig. 2

shows a shredder as it can be used in the device according to the invention.

Fig.

3 shows a section in the plane of the radial material flow to the periphery of the counter-rotating rotors of the shredder from FIG Fig. 2 .

The basic idea and the process principle of the invention are shown using the example of a production line (see Fig. 1 ), in which any mineral products (such as chalk, marble, calcite, limestone, dolomite spar, tallow, bleaching earth, bentonite, haplite, pegmatite, rock mica, expanded mica, Schaalstein) can be produced; the principle of the procedure is explained in the following in connection with Fig. 1 evident.

The start of the production line can be carried out in several ways.

For example, if a production facility is built directly on a raw material deposit, the production line can be equipped with a crusher; the delivery ore can have dimensions of up to 1 m, for example. The crusher can consist of various cascaded crushers. From the crusher, the ore arrives on the vibrating screen and then into a bunker with raw material.

Another option is to shred the starting material in advance so that the dimensions are, for example, up to 100 mm. For example, lump ore (of any mineral) is delivered in big bags and can be filled into the receiving bunker with the aid of a crane beam 1A mounted at the loading point of the receiving container 1.

To the receiving bunker 1, two pipes lead to the suction of dust that arises during ore charging; ie the bunker is connected to the suction system of the whole coarse shredding unit or pre-shredding unit. Then the ore comes via the vibratory feeder 2 into the crusher 3, which can be designed, for example, as a tooth crusher or a single roller or cheek crusher; the vibrating feeder 2 is equipped with a drive by means of which the amplitude of the vibrating feeder and consequently also the feed of the starting material can be regulated. The ore is conveyed from the pre-shredding unit 3 via a first screw conveyor 4 into the magnetic separator 4A, which removes ferromagnetic foreign particles. Then the pre-shredded material comes into a first vertical bucket conveyor or vertical chain / plate conveyor 5 and is dropped therefrom into the first receptacle 6.

The capacity of the receptacle 6 can be at least 20 m ³ , for example, in order to ensure smooth operation of the pre-shredding unit. From the first receptacle 6, which is equipped with a discharge lock 7 (which can also act as a metering device thanks to the speed control), the lump ore (10-20 mm) comes into the mill 8, which can be designed as a hammer mill, for example. There the lump ore is crushed to a particle size of, for example, 400-500 microns and fed via a second screw conveyor 9 to the sieve 10, which is designed here as a vibrating sieve, which is equipped with cascaded sieves with different mesh sizes. The coarse fraction, ie for example the material with a particle size above the separation size of for example 500 μm, is fed via a third screw conveyor 11 to the first chain / plate conveyor or vertical bucket conveyor (5) so that it is then comminuted in the mill 8. The fine fraction, ie the material with a particle size of less than the separation size, is fed via a fourth screw conveyor 12 to a second vertical bucket conveyor or vertical chain / plate conveyor 13, which is mounted on a second container 14.

The entire optional coarse shredding unit and the entire pre-shredding unit (together, the pre-shredding area) are equipped with a self-sufficient extraction system (dedusting system); this system installed in the pre-shredding area comprises a bag filter 15 and a vacuum cleaner 16.

The further container 14 acts as a storage and dispensing vessel, which ensures a smooth, uninterrupted supply of the starting material into the fine grinding area of the Re-shredding unit guaranteed. The further container 14 is equipped with a discharge lock 17 which regulates the supply of the material to a fifth screw conveyor 18. The latter is also equipped with an automated metering unit 19 which regulates the supply of material to the shredder 20. In the grinder 20, the fine grinding takes place in a mechanical process (cf. DE 10 2018 212 830 B3 ).

From the shredder 20 - thanks to its special construction (see also below Fig. 2 and 3 ) - the shredded material is conveyed at high speed and under high moving pressure via the pipeline 21 into the cyclone separator 22, bag filter 23 and into the end containers 24, 25. The finely ground material is then fed from the end containers 24, 25 equipped with the metering locks 26, 27) and sixth and seventh inclined screw conveyors 28, 29 to the packaging lines 30, 31, where it is either packed in multilayer paper bags with polyethylene inserts or in polypropylene bags (big bags) . Alternatively, the ground material is fed via an eighth screw conveyor 32 to the charging system for loading tank trucks 33.

Alternatively, the finely ground material can be conveyed into the separator 34 from the end containers 24, 25 equipped with the metering locks 26, 27 and sixth and seventh screw conveyors 28, 29. This enables the finished product to be manufactured with a large proportion of nanoparticles. After this process, the finished product is fed via eighth and ninth screw conveyors 35, 36 to the packaging station, where it can be filled into paper sacks 37, 38, for example. All packaging units are also connected to a suction system which is equipped with a bag filter 39, a vacuum cleaner 40 and a compressor 41.

Alternatively, the production line can be operated with two or more shredders. Several options can be combined, whereby the finished product can be manufactured with or without separators.

It is also possible to install additional devices for compacting the finished product. The entire line is equipped with an automatic production control system 42 that can be controlled from the control panel.

The end containers 24, 25 can be provided with a bag filter 23, 23A and cyclone separators 22, 22A. The bag filters 23, 23A can be connected to vacuum cleaners 43, 44. A corresponding configuration has already been described above in connection with the container 14. The bag filters 15, 23, 23A can be connected to a compressor 16A.

In the Figures 2 and 3 a shredder 20 is illustrated as it can be used in the device according to the invention. It comprises a housing 101 with an axial inlet opening 102, a distributor (centrifugal spreader G) attached underneath and a tangential outlet opening 103 as well as an annular housing area which forms a comminution chamber 104 in which horizontally arranged and counter-rotating rotors 105 and 106 are accommodated, on the rotor surfaces facing each other, shredding elements 108, 109, 110, 116 and 117 are mounted in annular rows. The rotors 105 and 106 have a common drive (which is not shown in the figure).

Channels run between the comminution elements 108, 109, 110, 116 and 117, the cross section of which narrows in the radial direction from the axis to the periphery of the comminution chamber 104 by reducing the height of the passage. An annular row of paddles 107 and channels closest to the axis of rotors 105 and 106 between these paddles belongs to the acceleration zone of the material to be shredded. The upper and lower sides of the channels are formed by surfaces of the respective rotor and surfaces of a respectively associated concentric ring 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 and 118, which each row of paddles 107 and crushing elements 108, 109, 110 and 116, 117 covered. The rings 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118 are connected to the respective comminuting elements 108, 109, 110 and 116, 117 in a fixed and play-free manner and rotate together with them when the system is in operation. The rings 111 to 118 can be detachably mounted or manufactured as an integral part of the rotors 105 and 106. They can also be manufactured as a continuous or segmented ring. Each set of segments covers a single channel between paddles 107 and shredding elements. The side surfaces of the channels are formed by the front of each paddle 107 or reducing element 108, 109, 110, 116, 117 and the rear side of the adjacent paddle or reducing element.

In at least one additional annular row there are comminution elements in the form of conical depressions (cavities, blind holes) 121, 122 on the mutually facing edge surfaces of the rotors 105 and 106.

Impact plates of variable shape are mounted as a further shredding unit on the inner wall of the housing of the shredding chamber. The angle of inclination of these impact plates 123, 124, 125 to the inner wall of the crushing chamber can also be changed.

The comminution device works as follows: The feed of the starting material of an initial grain size occurs through free material flow or suction through a negative pressure in the housing via the inlet opening or through feed devices of various types (feed conveyor). The material is in the acceleration zone of the upper Rotor 105 of the shredder fed, where its particles move in the rotation along the surface of acceleration paddles 107 in the radial direction. As soon as the particles have reached their maximum speed, they also have a certain take-off speed as well as a take-off angle and a free flight path (trajectory) into the brittle fracture zone (zone A). In this zone, the particles collide with the comminuting elements 108 running towards them, as a result of which a brittle fracture occurs. The particle mass then consists of individual fragments whose microhardness exceeds that of the initial particles. To continue efficient comminution, the fragments are accelerated along the comminution element 108 in this zone by rotating the rotor. As soon as the required speed is reached, they collide with the comminution elements 109 of the next rotor element, which in turn increases the material surface.

The transition to the comminuting elements 110, 116, 117 of the next row takes place in the same way.

The particles then move in a radial direction into the zone where the force acts on the entire particle surface (zone B). This zone no longer contains any comminution elements, but contains a number of aerodynamic devices in the form of cavities (depressions, blind holes) 121, 122. In these, the comminution method is changed. The particles of the already partially shredded material from the various channels collide at high speed and high frequency in the outermost annular gap between the counter-rotating rotors. This happens through an aerodynamic disruptive effect and the resulting aerodynamic vortices. The size, mass and specific surface of the particles now differ significantly from the characteristics of the starting material in zone A.

A zone C, in which the particles of the material streams collide with one another and collision plates, is located even further away from the vertical axis of the rotating rotors. The peripheral speed of the rotor disks and the material on them is even higher in this zone. The changed rotor configuration in this zone makes it possible to cause a collision of a large number of air flows with a maximum concentration of solid particles from the channels of the upper and lower rotor. Particle size reduction takes place by colliding the material, similar to jet mills, but at incomparably higher speeds with minimal energy costs.

The force acting on almost the entire particle surface and the subsequent removal of the material from the housing takes place through the vertical axial velocity component via a tangentially arranged outlet opening.

Air extraction devices (not shown in the drawings) are also mounted on the housing of the shredder. By removing air from the outer rotor surface, the concentration of the two-phase medium of the material to be shredded in the housing can be changed. This enables more efficient size reduction in an additional ring area between the inner wall of the size reduction chamber and the edges of the rotors.

The shredded material is removed for suction.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the figures. The above description is therefore not to be regarded as restrictive, but rather as explanatory. The following claims are to be understood in such a way that a named feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention is. This does not exclude the presence of further features. If the description or the claims define "first" and "second" features, this is used to distinguish between features of the same type without defining a ranking.

Claims (15)

Apparatus for comminuting solid materials, the apparatus comprising: • a pre-shredding unit with o at least one first receptacle (6) for receiving coarsely shredded material, o at least one first shredder (8) for fine shredding of the coarsely shredded material, o at least one sieve (10) to separate the finely comminuted material into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction, o a second container (14) for receiving the fine fraction of the finely comminuted material, and o a return unit for returning the coarse fraction of the finely comminuted material to the first receptacle (6), and • a re-shredding unit with
o At least one second shredder (20) for the finest comminution of the fine fraction of the finely comminuted material. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first shredder (8) and the sieve (10) are designed and matched to one another in such a way that the mean size of the finely comminuted material essentially corresponds to the separation size between the fine fraction and the coarse fraction. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the post-shredding unit has a cyclone separator (22) for further treatment of the material which emerges from the second shredder. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device has at least one coarse crushing unit for coarsely crushing material into coarsely crushed material in order to feed it to the pre-crushing unit, the coarse crushing unit preferably comprising at least one crusher (3), the crusher further preferably at least one two-roll crusher and / or has at least one single roll crusher and / or at least one cheek crusher. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first grinder (8) comprises at least one mill, wherein the mill preferably has at least one hammer mill, and / or wherein the sieve (10) has a single or multiple oscillating sieve and / or a vibrating sieve, and / or wherein the post-shredding unit has at least one third container (24, 25) for receiving the material further treated with the cyclone separator. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second container (14) is connected to a first hose filter (15) which is provided with a vacuum cleaner (16), and / or wherein in front of the first container (6) a magnetic separator (4a ) is provided, which is adapted to remove magnetic material from the coarsely comminuted material, and / or wherein the first receptacle (6) has a bunker and / or the second receptacle (14) has a bunker and / or the third container ( 25, 26) has a bunker. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve (10) is designed and adapted in such a way that it has a separation size in the order of magnitude of approximately 500 µm and / or the mesh size of the sieve (10) is in the order of magnitude of approx. 500 µm, and / or characterized in that the material is transported via pipes (21), screw conveyors (4, 9, 11, 12, 18, 29, 32, 35, 36), bucket conveyors, chain conveyors and / or plate conveyors (5, 13) is conveyed from one component to the next by the device. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second shredder (20) has: a housing (101) with an axial inlet opening (102) and a tangential outlet opening (103) and a substantially cylindrical, annular shredding chamber (104), in which two coaxial rotors (105, 106) rotatable in opposite directions in a horizontal zone are arranged, on whose surfaces facing each other annular shredding elements (111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118) are arranged, between which radially extending, circumferentially closed Channel sections (108, 109, 110, 116, 117) are formed, with at least one annular zone (zone B) also being present between the rotors (105, 106), which is free of comminuting elements and channel sections and into which the channels of the adjacent inner Open into the ring zone and in which the partial flows emerging from the channels are swirled. Process for comminuting solid materials, with at least the following process steps: a) first crushing of coarsely crushed material with a pre-crushing unit in order to finely crush the coarsely crushed material, b) Sieving the finely comminuted material with a sieve (10) in order to separate the finely comminuted material into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction, c) returning the coarse fraction of the finely comminuted material to step a) of the first comminution, and d) second comminution of the fine fraction of the finely comminuted material with a secondary comminution unit. Method according to claim 9, wherein step a) of the first comminution and step b) of sieving are coordinated with one another in such a way that the mean size of the finely comminuted material essentially corresponds to the separation size between the fine fraction and the coarse fraction. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 10, wherein the method comprises the following further step:
e) Treating the material further shredded by the post-shredding unit with a cyclone separator. (22). The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the following step is switched before step a) of the first reduction in size:
f) coarsely crushing material into coarsely crushed material in order to feed it to the pre-shredding unit. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein prior to step a) of the first comminution, magnetic material is separated with a magnetic separator (4a), and / or wherein the coarse comminution takes place with a crusher, which is preferably at least one two-roll crusher and / or at least has a single roll crusher and / or at least one cheek crusher. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that during the first comminution in step a) the coarsely comminuted material is finely comminuted into particles with a particle size of the order of magnitude of approximately 500 µm. Use of the device according to one of Claims 1 to 8 for comminuting solid materials, the use preferably being carried out according to one of the methods according to one of Claims 9 to 14.

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