DE10337590A1 - Method and device for preparing excavation - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, a grinding process is carried out in order to prepare excavated soil, excavated earth or another mineral material of indefinite shape, which can be provided for reinstallation at a construction site, in which the mill is traversed both by the excavated material concerned and also by lumpy coarse material. The rock powder that arises during the crushing of the coarse material through suitable breakage and / or through crushing processes is used as an aggregate for the excavation of the earth, so to speak. This aggregate is suitable both to regulate the moisture of the excavation and to stabilize and solidify it. The degree of drying and solidification can be adjusted by the degree of grinding, for example by grinding the coarse constituents to a greater or lesser extent depending on the degree of moisture or the desired post-consolidation. In addition, coarse components, such as asphalt, construction waste, concrete chunks or natural stones, can be added to the excavated earth in order to produce the desired amounts of rock powder during the crushing process.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for processing excavated earth, sludges, Garbage or other Material that is interfering may contain, as well as a corresponding device.

From the utility model DE 202 14 956 is a shredding device with two counter-rotating shafts on which crusher disks are mounted. The crushing device is suitable, for example, for mineral materials, such as excavated soil, coarse gravel, stones or other material. Fine comminution is possible, with grain sizes of 10 mm to 60 mm being achieved.

Furthermore, from the DE 101 11 305 A1 a device for processing mineral material, in particular excavated soil, is known, which can also contain brittle, coarse-grained components. A splitter with two counter-rotating shafts, on which pointed chisels sit, is used for shredding. These serve to blow up the coarse components in order to bring them to size. This can be done in the presence of cohesive material, ie material containing clay or clay. The coarse components are crushed to a grain size of about 60 mm. The flour and fine grain content is low.

The material produced in this way is suitable as a result of the shredding of the Rough ingredients basically for the Reinstallation, i.e. for example for filling excavated soil depressions, like pits or ditches. However, this requires the material to be processed an aggregate such as cement, ash, stone powder, granules, Fibers, wood chips, Wood flour, suspensions such as lime suspensions, bentonites or add sealing suspensions.

Of these, starting from there, it is the task of an improved preparation process specify.

This object is achieved with the method according to claim 1:
The material of indefinite form to be processed is subjected to a comminution process, for example in the presence of lumpy coarse material, in which the lumpy coarse material is at least partially comminuted and mixed with the material. The size reduction is preferably set so that the lumpy coarse material releases bindable components. The process is carried out in such a way that the bindable constituents, which are usually fine constituents, act as an aggregate, so that the preparation can be carried out without the addition of additional aggregates, such as cement, lime, fibers, chips and the like. The fine components required for stabilizing the shape, drying and / or solidifying the processed material thus arise from the material to be processed even when the lumpy coarse material is crushed. This can of course already be contained in the material to be processed in the form of chunks of rock (limestone, sandstone or other rock). However, it is also possible to mix loamy clay excavation, which does not contain such components, with appropriate coarse material before carrying out the processing method according to the invention. It is also possible to add the coarse material during the shredding process. However, the coarse material does not form an aggregate in the conventional sense, because it is not binding on its own. It only gets this suitability through the comminution or grinding process in the comminution device. This passes through the lumpy coarse material together with the excavation. It has been shown that the process control can be set so that, despite the presence of the excavation or another corresponding mineral material with clayey clay components, it is possible to generate a sufficiently large fine fraction from the coarse material. This fine fraction is mixed into the loamy clay component during the grinding process and then acts as an aggregate. The coarse-particle component maintains the binding capacity especially when it is comminuted if it is at least partially pulverized. The lumpy coarse material can also be ground separately.

It is also possible to add an additive to the material to be processed, preferably before or after grinding, which has binding capacity (eg cement, lime, dust, seeds, nuts / nutshells). However, the amount added is much lower than would be necessary if the work was carried out without grinding the coarse components. The coarse ground components have above all water-binding capacity and thus increase the stability and load-bearing capacity of the processed material when it is used, for example, to fill dug trenches, without provoking an unacceptable post-hardening of the material. If, on the other hand, the load-bearing capacity of the material to be processed is only brought about by adding cement, the material hardens so much that it is difficult to open the trench again later. The invention makes it possible in many cases to reduce the need for additional additives to below 0.5% by weight. Additional aggregate is often unnecessary. With water contents of up to 30% and stone content of approx. 50% can usually no additional binding agent is required.

is that on preparatory binding material, i.e. it contains kneadable water-containing Solids, such as clay or loam, have an effect on the shredding process e.g. produced rock powder like an aggregate. The stone powder can show different binding properties depending on the chemical nature. For example, it can absorb water. It can go beyond that solidifying through ion exchange processes. It can go on show a pozzolanic binding effect. It can also be caused by water absorption have a binding effect, for example if it contains anhydride components. Furthermore it can form hydrate bonds through microcrystalline growth can come about. This is particularly the case when concrete or as coarse material other construction waste used become. As a rule, such construction waste still contains unbound components and thus a residual binding ability. Moreover can after fine grinding, recrystallization processes to lead again.

The Material can also be set so dry that it can be screened. It turns out that stones still present have no significant buildup can be screened by clay or the like.

As Shredding devices with asymmetrical ones are particularly advantageous Viewed discs for holding tools.

Further Details of advantageous embodiments the invention result from the drawing, from the following Description or from subclaims.

It demonstrate:

1 the implementation of the method according to the invention in a schematic sketch,

2 the implementation of a modified method according to the invention again in a schematic sketch,

3 the shredding device after 1 or 2 in a partial perspective view,

4 a modified embodiment of a device for performing the method according to the invention in a schematic representation and

5 a mixing device with adjustable shredding in a schematic side view.

In 1 is a shredding device 1 illustrates that serves as a crushing, grinding and contaminant removal device. For example, it has two counter-rotating shafts 2 . 3 with crushing tools sitting on it. The crushing tools can, for example, according to DE 101 11 305 A1 or according to DE 202 14 956 U1 be trained. Deviating from these publications, however, the crushing tools are set in such a way that not only a grain size of around 60 mm grain size but at least some of the coarse constituents are crushed to a much greater extent. This can be accomplished in a number of ways. It's going to do that 3 directed. This illustrates the waves 2 . 3 in perspective. They have axially offset disks 4 . 5 which are provided with recesses on their circumference. In these recesses, chisels can be used 6 . 7 sit. The recesses can be designed to be the same or different from one another. The chisel 6 . 7 preferably have conical tips that are above one of the two shafts 2 . 3 move the defined level towards each other. The corresponding opposite directions of rotation of the shafts 2 . 3 are in 3 indicated by arrows. Between the tips of the chisel 6 . 7 Stones that are picked up are blown open by the notching effect of the slow-running shafts (for example approximately 10 to 60 revolutions / minute). Any existing contaminants (wood, steel, car tires) are either processed or rejected.

Otherwise, the waves 2 . 3 tight with tooth lock washers 8th to 14 occupied, which are identical to each other. It is also possible to use different tooth lock washers. Their teeth 15 . 16 have approximately radially oriented breast surfaces pointing in the direction of rotation 17 . 18 and back surfaces sloping against the circumferential direction 19 . 20 on. The tooth lock washers 8th to 14 are each arranged on a gap, ie adjacent, on the shaft 2 Arranged toothed disks each enclose a gap into which the toothed disks of the shaft, which are also arranged with gaps to one another 3 to grab. The number of tooth lock washers 8th to 14 is preferably larger than that of the chisel carrier disks (disks 4 . 5 ).

Each toothed pulley is assigned an essentially cylindrical pressure surface on the opposite shaft, which is in contact with the tooth back 18 . 19 a pressure gap for grinding the coarse material is used for each of the opposing toothed disks. However, it is also possible to use the tooth lock washer 8th to 14 of the two shafts to be arranged adjacent to each other, the circumferential circles of the toothed disks 8th to 14 of both waves 2 . 3 then do not overlap each other. Rather, the distance is set so that between the tooth back of the toothed discs of the two shafts 2 . 3 in each case a small gap remains, which serves as a pinch gap.

The shredding device 1 to 1 also has a drive device for the two shafts 2 . 3 on. The drive device can be formed by two hydraulic motors, each of which shaft 2 . 3 one is assigned to each. Both hydraulic motors can be driven by a common diesel engine. Above the shredding device 1 is also a funding agency 21 arranged the one in 1 schematically illustrated material mixture 22 to the shredder 1 promotes. The mix of materials 22 is, for example, excavated soil with a loamy composition. It contains coarse material in the form of stones 23 . 24 , These can of course be mixed in the material 22 contain or have been added arbitrarily. The stones 23 . 24 can be bricks, concrete blocks, natural stones (limestone, sandstone, granite, basalt, gneiss, tuff, porphyry or similar). A mixture of different stones, demolition materials, road surfaces, gravel, gravel, sand or the like is also possible. The mix of materials 22 is by the funding agency 21 to the shredder 1 promoted. It can be in a hopper here 25 above the shredding device 1 to be collected.

When operating the shredding device 1 capture that from the waves 2 . 3 worn shredding tools the loamy-cohesive material and promote this down. In addition, the stones 23 . 24 from the chisels 6 . 7 ( 3 ) split and broken. Below are the fragments through the tooth lock washers 8th to 14 further crushed, the process control being selected so that a high proportion of fine fraction is produced. The crushing leads at least in part to the fine grinding of the stones. The resulting stone powder (quartz powder, lime powder or the like) is immediately mixed with the loamy clay material of the material mixture 22 mixed. Stick this to the tooth lock washer 8th to 14 and thus executes circulations is mixed all the more intensely with the resulting rock flour. The result is largely homogenized, digested material 26 , which contains mostly grinding stones, still lumpy components and still the loamy clay basic material. This mixture of materials is generally suitable for immediate reassembly at the construction site. The proportion of rock flour produced during the crushing process at least binds moisture and thus immediately reduces the stickiness and kneadability of the material. In the long term, stone powder tends to harden, even if it was produced in the moist process in the described grinding process. The curing process can be based on ion exchange processes, the formation of a pozzolanic bond or hydration processes. The material is suitable for low-pore compaction and is given a special load-bearing capacity. The cohesive portion means that the trench walls have a very good stability when reopening filled trenches or digging trenches adjacent to filled trenches.

The shredding device 1 to 2 is particularly suitable for processing material 27 with a loamy-clay basic structure without its own coarse components. This can be done with another conveyor 28 to be promoted to the grinder that the two waves 2 . 3 with their discs 4 . 5 as well as tooth lock washers 8th to 14 form. There can be a metered supply of material 27 and stones 22 . 23 respectively. The stones 22 . 23 are in particular construction waste, ie lumps of concrete, rubble, other demolition material and natural stones. The stones are ground in the grinder 22 . 23 in the presence of the material 27 , which in turn produces rock powder that is mixed with the material 27 is mixed largely homogeneously. The resulting material 26 is suitable for installation on the construction site.

At the in 4 illustrated plant is the shredding device 1 as they are already out 1 emerges and has been described in connection with this, by an aftertreatment device 31 added. This includes a belt conveyor 32 with two conveyor belts 33 . 34 , the homogenized material released by the shredding device as a material flow to a roller classifier 35 respectively. Above one of the conveyor belts 33 . 34 is a dosing device 36 arranged with that on the conveyor belts 33 . 34 lying material 26 Aggregate, such as cement, can be supplied. The dosing device 36 includes, for example, a storage vessel 37 and a cellular wheel sluice 38 at the exit of the same. Between the conveyor belt 34 and the role classifier 35 can be a feed wheel or a secondary shredding device 39 be arranged, that of the conveyor belt 34 dispensed material with radially arranged straight or curved tines and the roller classifier 35 supplies. This has a group of round or oval bodies rotating in the same or opposite directions, between which the fine portion of the material fed is passed downward. Correspondingly, is below the role classifier 35 in 4 an accumulation of materials 41 arranged. The coarse fraction, such as individual non-ground stones 42 , is from the role classifier 35 delivered on one side. This coarse component can be sent for further processing.

The dosing device 36 is preferably set in such a way that it only emits small amounts of substance which are less than 0.5% by weight of those from the conveyor belts 33 . 34 amounts of transported material. A control device can also be provided which determines the dosage as a function of the residual moisture in the material 26 sets. A corresponding moisture measuring device can be provided, but is in 4 not illustrated further. When processing sludges, higher dosages can also be used.

In the 4 only schematically indicated mixing device 39 with shredding function is in 5 illustrated in more detail. A rotor belongs to it 43 preferably with a horizontally arranged axis of rotation, which is driven by a hydraulic motor or another drive source. The rotor preferably extends over the entire width of the in 4 illustrated conveyor belt 34 , It is full of tools, eg chisels 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 occupied, which are inclined against the direction of rotation. Pointed chisels with a rounded tip are preferably used. However, other chisels, for example flat chisels or suitable hammers, can also be used. Preferably the chisels 44 to 47 rigidly mounted. In particular when using hammers, however, they can also be mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis parallel to the axis of rotation. The speed of the rotor 43 is for most applications in the range from 200 to 1,000 revolutions / min. established. A speed of 400 revolutions is preferred.

The rotor 43 is a hood 48 assigned that above the rotor 43 on the conveyor belt 34 is arranged opposite side. The hood preferably covers about a quarter of the circumference of the rotor 43 , It is on a cover 49 stored above the rotor 43 about a pivot axis 50 is pivotally arranged. A hydraulic cylinder opens and closes the cover 49 , For example, the rotor is fixed to the conveyor belt 34 or connected to a scaffold that also includes the rotor 43 and the conveyor belt 34 wearing. The hood 48 is via an appropriate storage facility 51 on the carrier 49 pivoted. The swivel axis is above the rotor 43 arranged. The swivel position is controlled by an adjustment mechanism 52 , for example in the form of a simple adjusting screw or in the form of fluid cylinders (hydraulics, pneumatics).

The hood 48 is roughly parallel to that of the chisels 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 set flight circle curved. It therefore limits with the rotor 43 a gap-shaped shredding room 53 , If necessary, can on the hood 48 one, two or more blow bars 54 . 55 be held, which extends over the entire axial length of the rotor 43 extend and towards the rotor 43 protrude.

In operation, the mixing device causes 39 further mixing and crushing of the conveyor belt 34 conveyed material. The grain size can be adjusted using the adjustment mechanism 52 can be set as desired. It becomes a largely homogeneous material on the roll classifier 35 given.

According to the invention Processing of excavated soil, excavated earth or other material indefinite form, e.g. for reassembly at a construction site or intended for other processing or disposal can be carried out, a grinding process in which the comminution, Grinding and contaminant removal device both from the excavation concerned and also from lumpy coarse material is going through. This is done by crushing the coarse material with a suitable one Breakage and / or by crushing The resulting rock flour is used as a kind of aggregate for the Excavation used. This aggregate is suitable both that Regulate moisture from excavation or mud as well to stabilize and solidify the same. The Material becomes puncture-proof. Granulation is also possible. The Measure of Drying and solidification can be adjusted by the degree of grinding be, for example, by the coarse components depending on the degree of moisture or more desired After solidification, be ground to a greater or lesser extent. Coarse components, like asphalt, construction waste, lumps of concrete or natural stones in addition to be added to the excavation to assist in the crushing process the desired To produce rock flour quantities. The crushing, grinding and contaminant removal device crushes crushable contaminants and prevents the passage of non-crushable contaminants. These are rejected. For example, large steel parts are not recorded or lead them to block and reverse the machine. Overload or one or more times Reversing can lead to switching off.

at The material preparation can also be done before or after crushing as well as when a multi-stage shredding takes place between the individual Crushing stages or in the crushing process liquid, such as. Water or an aqueous Solution, be added to the material. The addition of water can, for example to set the added or generated fine component to effect or support. The withdrawal of liquid by adding powdered dry material or moistening the material by adding water depends on the initial moisture of the material.

Claims (36)

Process for preparing excavated earth or other material of indefinite shape, the material being present broken and / or ground coarse material in a mixing process is subjected to the broken coarse material with the material is mixed. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy and / or ground coarse material is generated in the mixing process, by crushing the coarse material in the presence of the material becomes. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing process without the addition of bindable aggregates he follows. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing process with the addition of bindable aggregates he follows. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of additives is less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight of the amount of the entire material. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material indefinitely a water-based kneadable Solid. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is water-absorbent, swellable and kneadable sticky Contains ingredients. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is or contains clay. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is or contains clay. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material is contained in the mineral material in an indefinite form. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material the material of indefinite shape before the crushing process is added. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material are boulders. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material is or contains limestone. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material is or contains sandstone. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material is or contains a metamorphic rock. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material is formed by lumps of concrete. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material is construction waste. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material is gravel or sand. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy Coarse material asphalt, asphalt-bound gravel or asphalt-bound split contains. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shredding process is set so that the Shredding capable of binding Fine components arise. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing process is a grinding process. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing process is a breaking process. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that rock flour is generated during the crushing process. A method according to claim 23, characterized in that the rock flour produced is bindable and / or water-absorbent. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushed coarse material has pozzolanic binding properties having. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushed coarse material has hydrating binding properties having. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushed coarse material through ion exchange or ion binding bindable is. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the degree of refraction and / or Aggregates are adjusted so that a dry sievable mixture is produced and that coarse components that are still present are sieved off. Device with a shredding device to carry out of the method according to claim 1 or 2. Apparatus according to claim 29, with a conveyor for controlled feeding of the mineral material to the shredding device. Apparatus according to claim 29, with a conveyor for controlled feeding of coarse material to the shredding device. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the shredding device is a crushing device. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the shredding device has a grinding function. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the shredding device is a multi-stage shredding device is. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the comminution device has at least one shaft, the disks ( 4 . 5 ) with shredding tools. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that in the direction of rotation in front of the crushing tools of a disc ( 4 . 5 ) a recess is formed in each case and the recesses are different.