EP1502964B1 - Alliage de décolletage à base de cuivre. - Google Patents

Alliage de décolletage à base de cuivre. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1502964B1
EP1502964B1 EP04077560A EP04077560A EP1502964B1 EP 1502964 B1 EP1502964 B1 EP 1502964B1 EP 04077560 A EP04077560 A EP 04077560A EP 04077560 A EP04077560 A EP 04077560A EP 1502964 B1 EP1502964 B1 EP 1502964B1
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Prior art keywords
percent
weight
machinability
cutting
alloy
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EP04077560A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1502964A1 (fr
Inventor
Keiichiro c/o Sambo copper Alloy Co Ltd. OISHI
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Sambo Copper Alloy Co Ltd
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Sambo Copper Alloy Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to free-cutting copper alloys.
  • bronze alloys such as the one under JIS designation H5111 BC6 and brass alloys such as the ones under JIS designations H3250-C3604 and C3771.
  • Those alloys are so enhanced in machinability with the addition of 1.0 to 6.0 percent, by weight, of lead as to give industrially satisfactory results as easy-to-work copper alloy.
  • lead-contained copper alloys have been an important basic material for a variety of articles such as city water faucets, water supply/drainage metal fittings and valves.
  • lead does not form a solid solution in the matrix but disperses in granular form, thereby improving the machinability of those alloys.
  • lead has to be added in as much as 2.0 or more percent by weight. If the addition of lead is less than 1.0 percent by weight, chippings will be spiral in form as (D) in Fig. 1. Spiral chippings cause various troubles such as, for example, tangling with the tool. If, on the other hand, the content of lead is 1.0 or more percent by weight and not larger than 2.0 percent by weight, the cut surface will be rough, though that will produce some results such as reduction of the cutting resistance. It is usual, therefore, that lead is added in not smaller than 2.0 percent by weight.
  • Some expanded copper alloys in which a high degree of cutting property is required are mixed with some 3.0 or more percent, by weight, of lead. Further, some bronze castings have a lead content of as much as some 5.0 percent, by weight.
  • lead-mixed alloys have been greatly limited in recent years, because lead contained therein is harmful to humans as an environment pollutant. That is, the lead-contained alloys pose a threat to human health and environmental hygiene because lead finds its way in metallic vapor that generates in the steps of processing those alloys at high temperatures such as melting and casting and there is also danger that lead contained in the water system metal fittings, valves and others made of those alloys will dissolve out into drinking water.
  • the cutting works, forgings, castings and others include city water faucets, water supply/drainage metal fittings, valves, stems, hot water supply pipe fittings, shaft and heat exchanger parts.
  • Manganese and nickel combine with silicon to form intermetallic compounds represented by MnxSiy or NixSiy which are evenly precipitated in the matrix, thereby raising the wear resistance and strength. Therefore, the addition of manganese and nickel or either of the two would improve the high strength feature and wear resistance. Such effects will be exhibited if manganese and nickel are added in the amount of not less than 0.7 percent by weight respectively. But the saturation state is reached at 3.5 percent by weight, and even if the addition is increased beyond that, no proportional results will be obtained.
  • the addition of silicon is set at 2.5 to 4.5 percent by weight to match the addition of manganese or nickel, taking into consideration the consumption to form intermetallic compounds with those elements.
  • tin, aluminum and phosphorus help to reinforce the alpha phase in the matrix, thereby improving the machinability.
  • Tin and phosphorus disperse the alpha and gamma phases, by which the strength, wear resistance and also machinability are improved.
  • Tin in the amount of 0.3 or more percent by weight is effective in improving the strength and machinability. But if the addition exceeds 3.0 percent by weight, the ductility will fall. For this reason, the addition of tin is set at 0.3 to 3.0 percent by weight to raise the high strength feature and wear resistance and also to enhance the machinability.
  • Aluminum also contributes to improving the wear resistance and exhibits its effect of reinforcing the matrix when added in the amount of 0.2 or more percent by weight.
  • the addition of aluminum is set at 0.2 to 2.5 in consideration of improvement of machinability.
  • the addition of phosphorus disperses the gamma phase and at the same time pulverizes the crystal grains in the alpha phase in the matrix, thereby improving the hot workability and also the strength and wear resistance. Furthermore, it is very effective in improving the flow of molten metal in casting. Such results will be produced when phosphorus is added in the amount of 0.02 to 0.25 percent by weight.
  • the content of copper is set at 62 to 78 percent by weight in the light of the addition of silicon and the property of manganese and nickel of combining with silicon.
  • Silicon raises the easy-to-cut property by producing a gamma phase (in some cases, a kappa phase) in the structure of metal. That way, both are the same in that they are effective in improving the machinability, though they are quite different in coutribution to the properties of the alloy.
  • silicon is added to the alloy of the present invention so as to bring about a high level of machinability meeting the industrial requirements, while making it possible to reduce greatly the lead content. That is, the alloy of the present invention is improved in machinability through formation of a gamma phase with the addition of silicon.
  • silicon is usually added in the form of a Cu-Si alloy, which boosts the production cost.
  • silicon is not desirable to add silicon in a quantity exceeding the saturation point or plateau of machinability improvement - 4.0 percent by weight.
  • the addition of silicon improves not only the machinability but also the flow of the molten metal in casting, strength, wear resistance, resistance to stress corrosion cracking, high-temperature oxidation resistance. Also, the ductility and dezincing corrosion resistance will be improved to some extent.
  • the addition of lead is set at 0.02 to 0.4 percent by weight on this ground
  • a sufficient level of machinability is obtained by adding silicon that has the aforesaid effect even if the addition of lead is reduced.
  • lead has to be added in the amount not smaller than 0.02 percent by weight if the alloy is to be superior to the conventional free-cutting copper alloy in machinability, while the addition of lead exceeding 0.4 percent would have adverse effects, resulting in a rough surface condition, poor hot workability such as poor forging behaviour and low cold ductility. Meanwhile, it is expected that such a small content of not higher than 0.4 percent by weight will be able to clear the lead-related regulations however strictly they are to be stipulated in the advanced nations including Japan in the future.
  • the addition range of lead is set at 0.02 to 0.4 percent by weight in the alloy of the present invention which will be described later.
  • Tin works the same way as silicon. That is, if tin is added, a gamma phase will be formed and the machinability of the Cu-Zn alloy will be improved. Therefore, the addition of tin to the Cu-Si-Zn alloy could facilitate the formation of a gamma phase and further improve the machinability of the Cu-Si-Zn alloy.
  • the gamma phase is formed with the addition of tin in the amount of 1.0 or more percent by weight and the formation reaches the saturation point at 35 percent, by weight, of tin. If tin exceeds 3.5 percent by weight, the ductility will drop instead.
  • tin will be effective in uniformly dispersing the gamma phase formed by silicon. Through that effect of dispersing the gamma phase, too, the machinability is improved. In other words, the addition of tin in the amount not smaller than 0.3 percent by weight improves the machinability.
  • phosphorus As to phosphorus, it has no property of forming the gamma phase as tin and aluminum. But phosphorus works to uniformly disperse and distribute the gamma phase formed as a result of the addition of silicon alone or with tin or aluminum or both of them. That way, the machinability improvement through the formation of gamma phase is further enhanced.
  • phosphorus helps refine the crystal grains in the alpha phase in the matrix, improving hot workability and also strength and resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Furthermore, phosphorus substantially increases the flow of molten metal in casting. To produce such results, phosphorus will have to be added in the amount not smaller than 0.02 percent by weight. But if the addition exceeds 0.25 percent by weight, no proportional effect can be obtained. Instead, there would be a fall in hot forging property and extrudability.
  • Tin is effective in improving not only the machinability but also corrosion resistance properties (dezincification corrosion resistance) and forgeability.
  • tin improves the corrosion resistance in the alpha phase matrix and, by dispersing the gamma phase, the corrosion resistance, forgeability and stress corrosion cracking resistance.
  • the alloy of the present invention is thus improved in corrosion resistance by the property of tin and in machinability mainly by adding silicon.
  • tin would have to be added in the amount of at least 0.3 percent by weight. But even if the addition of tin exceeds 35 percent by weight, the corrosion resistance and forgeability will not improve in proportion to the amount added of tin. It is no good economy.
  • silicon is added to improve the machinability as mentioned above, it is also capable of improving the flow of molten metal like phosphorus.
  • the effect of silicon in improving the flow of molten metal is exhibited when it is added in the amount of not smaller than 2.0 percent by weight.
  • the range of the addition for the flow improvement overlaps that for improvement of the machinability.
  • a free-cutting copper alloy also with further improved easy-to-cut feature obtained by subjecting the alloy of the present invention to a heat treatment for 30 minutes to 5 hours at 400 to 600°C.
  • the alloy of the present invention contain machinability improving elements such as silicon and have an excellent machinability because of the addition of such elements.
  • machinability improving elements such as silicon
  • the effect of those machinability improving elements could be further enhanced by heat treatment.
  • the alloy of the present invention which are high in copper content with gamma phase in small quantities and kappa phase in large quantities undergo a change in phase from the kappa phase to the gamma phase in a heat treatment.
  • the gamma phase is finely dispersed and precipitated, and the machinability is improved.
  • the materials are often force-air-cooled or water cooled depending on the forging conditions, productivity after hot working (hot extrusion, hot forging etc.), working environment and other factors.
  • the alloy of the present invention with a low content of copper in particular is rather low in the content of the gamma phase and contain beta phase.
  • the beta phase changes into gamma phase, and the gamma phase is finely dispersed and precipitated, whereby the machinability is improved.
  • cylindrical ingots with compositions given in Tables 1 to 3 each 100 mm in outside diameter and 150 mm in length, were hot extruded into a round bar 15 mm in outside diameter at 750°C to produce test piece alloys Nos. 7001 to 7029.
  • This aluminum bronze is the most excellent of the expanded copper alloys under the JIS designations with regard to strength and wear resistance.
  • No. 13006 corresponds to the naval brass alloy "JIS C 4622" and is the most excellent of the expanded copper alloys under the JIS designations with regard to corrosion resistance.
  • the chips from the cutting work were examined and classified into four forms (A) to (D) as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the results are enumerated in Tables 5 and 6.
  • the chippings in the form of a spiral with three or more windings as (D) in Fig. 1 are difficult to process, that is, recover or recycle, and could cause trouble in cutting work as, for example, getting tangled with the tool and damaging the cut metal surface.
  • chippings in the form of a fine needle as (A) in Fig. 1 or in the form of arc shaped pieces as (B) will not present such problems as mentioned above and are not bulky as the chippings in (C) and (D) and easy to process.
  • fine chippings as (A) still could creep in on the slide table of a machine tool such as a lathe and cause mechanical trouble, or could be dangerous because they could stick into the worker's finger, eye or other body parts.
  • the surface condition of the cut metal surface was checked after cutting work.
  • the results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
  • the commonly used basis for indication of the surface roughness is the maximum roughness (Rmax). While requirements are different depending on the application field of brass articles, the alloys with Rmax ⁇ 10 microns are generally considered excellent in machinability. The alloys with 10 microns ⁇ Rmax ⁇ 15 microns are judged as industrially acceptable while those with Rmax ⁇ 15 microns are taken as poor in machinability.
  • the alloys of the present invention are all equal to the conventional lead-contained alloys Nos. 13001 to 13003 in machinability. It is understood that a proper heat treatment could further enhance the machinability of the alloys of the present invention.
  • alloys of the present invention were examined in comparison with the conventional alloys in hot workability and mechanical properties.
  • hot compression and tensile tests were conducted the following way.
  • test pieces two test pieces, first and second test pieces, in the same shape 15 mm in outside diameter and 25 mm in length were cut out of each extruded test piece obtained as described above.
  • the first test piece was held for 30 minutes at 700°C, and then compressed at the compression rate of 70 percent in the direction of axis to reduce the length from 25 mm to 7.5 mm.
  • the surface condition after the compression 700°C deformability was visually evaluated.
  • the results were given in Tables 5 and 6.
  • the evaluation of deformability was made by visually checking for cracks on the side of the test piece. In Tables 5 and 6, the test pieces with no cracks found are marked "o"; those with small cracks are indicated by " ⁇ " and those with large cracks are represented by a symbol "x".
  • the second test pieces were put to a tensile test by the commonly practised test method to determine the tensile strength, N/mm 2 and elongation, %.
  • the alloys of the present invention are equal to or superior to the conventional allays Nos. 13001 to 13004 and No. 13006 in hot workability and mechanical properties and are suitable for industrial use.
  • the alloy of the present invention in particular has the same level of mechanical properties as the conventional alloy No. 13005, i.e. the aluminum bronze which is the most excellent in strength of the expanded copper alloys under the JIS designations, and thus have understandably a prominent high strength feature.
  • Alloy Nos. 7001a to 7029a were put to wear resistance tests in comparison with the conventional alloys Nos. 13001a to 13006a.
  • test piece thus obtained was cut on the circumferential surface, holed and cut down into a ring-shaped test piece 32 mm in outside diameter and 10 mm in thickness (that is, the length in the axial direction).
  • the test piece was then fitted and clamped on a rotatable shaft, and a roll 48 mm in diameter placed in parallel with the axis of the shaft was thrusted against the test piece under a load of 50 kg.
  • the roll was made of stainless steel under the JIS designation SUS 304.
  • machinability hot workability mechanical properties form of chipping condition of cut surface cutting force (N) 700°C deformability tensile strength (N/mm 3 ) elongation (%) 7001 ⁇ ⁇ 132 ⁇ 755 17 7002 ⁇ ⁇ 127 ⁇ 776 19 7003 ⁇ ⁇ 135 ⁇ 620 15 7004 ⁇ ⁇ 130 ⁇ 714 18 7005 ⁇ ⁇ 128 ⁇ 708 19 7006 ⁇ ⁇ 130 ⁇ 685 16 7007 ⁇ ⁇ 132 ⁇ 717 18 7008 ⁇ ⁇ 130 ⁇ 811 18 7009 ⁇ ⁇ 130 ⁇ 790 15 7010 ⁇ ⁇ 131 ⁇ 708 18 7011 ⁇ ⁇ 128 ⁇ 810 17 7012 ⁇ ⁇ 128 ⁇ 694 17 7013 ⁇ ⁇ 132 ⁇ 742 16 7014 ⁇ ⁇ 128 ⁇ 809 17 7015 ⁇ ⁇ 129 ⁇ 725 15 7016 ⁇ ⁇ 128 ⁇ 785 18 7017 ⁇
  • machinability hot workability mechanical properties form condition of of chippings cut surface cutting force (N) 700°C deformability tensile strength (N/mm 2 ) elongation (%) 7021 ⁇ ⁇ 126 ⁇ 792 19 7022 ⁇ ⁇ 128 ⁇ 762 20 7023 ⁇ ⁇ 129 ⁇ 725 17 7024 ⁇ ⁇ 128 ⁇ 744 21 7025 ⁇ ⁇ 130 ⁇ 750 20 7028 ⁇ ⁇ 132 ⁇ 671 28 7027 ⁇ ⁇ 128 ⁇ 740 23 7028 ⁇ ⁇ 133 ⁇ 763 22 7029 ⁇ ⁇ 129 ⁇ 647 24 [Table 8] No.

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Claims (3)

  1. Alliage de décolletage à base de cuivre qui comprend 62 à 78 pour cent, en poids, de cuivre ; 2,5 à 4,5 pour cent, en poids, de silicium ; 0,02 à 0,4 pour cent, en poids, de plomb ; au moins un élément choisi parmi 0,3 à 3,0 pour cent, en poids, d'étain, 0,2 à 2,5 pour cent, en poids, d'aluminium, et 0,02 à 0,25 pour cent, en poids, de phosphore ; et au moins un élément choisi parmi 0,7 à 3,5 pour cent, en poids, de manganèse, et 0,7 à 3,5 pour cent, en poids, de nickel ; et le pourcentage restant, en poids, de zinc et dans lequel la structure métallique de l'alliage de décolletage à base de cuivre a au moins une phase choisie parmi la phase γ (gamma) et la phase κ (kappa).
  2. Alliage de décolletage à base de cuivre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lorsqu'il est coupé sur la surface circonferentielle avec un tour équipé d'un outil droit à pointe à un angle de coupe de -8 (moins 8) et à une vitesse de coupe de 50 mètres par minute, une profondeur de coupe de 1,5 mm, une avancée de 0,11 mm/tour donne des copeaux ayant une ou plusieurs formes choisies parmi le groupe consistant en une forme en arc et une forme en aiguille fine.
  3. Alliage de décolletage à base de cuivre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, qui est soumis à un traitement thermique pendant 30 minutes à 5 heures à 400 à 600°C.
EP04077560A 1998-10-09 1998-11-16 Alliage de décolletage à base de cuivre. Expired - Lifetime EP1502964B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP28792198 1998-10-09
JP28792198A JP3917304B2 (ja) 1998-10-09 1998-10-09 快削性銅合金
EP98953070A EP1038981B1 (fr) 1998-10-09 1998-11-16 Alliage de decolletage a base de cuivre

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EP1502964B1 true EP1502964B1 (fr) 2006-03-01

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EP (3) EP1502964B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3917304B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100375426B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU738301B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2303512C (fr)
DE (3) DE69833582T2 (fr)
TW (1) TW577931B (fr)
WO (1) WO2000022181A1 (fr)

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CN109563567B (zh) 2016-08-15 2020-02-28 三菱伸铜株式会社 易切削性铜合金及易切削性铜合金的制造方法
US11155909B2 (en) 2017-08-15 2021-10-26 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation High-strength free-cutting copper alloy and method for producing high-strength free-cutting copper alloy
JP6448166B1 (ja) * 2017-08-15 2019-01-09 三菱伸銅株式会社 快削性銅合金、及び、快削性銅合金の製造方法
JP6448168B1 (ja) * 2017-08-15 2019-01-09 三菱伸銅株式会社 快削性銅合金、及び、快削性銅合金の製造方法
KR101969010B1 (ko) 2018-12-19 2019-04-15 주식회사 풍산 납과 비스무트가 첨가되지 않은 쾌삭성 무연 구리합금
JP7180488B2 (ja) * 2019-03-25 2022-11-30 三菱マテリアル株式会社 銅合金丸棒材
WO2020261666A1 (fr) 2019-06-25 2020-12-30 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Alliage de cuivre à décolletage et procédé de production d'alliage de cuivre à décolletage
CN113906150B (zh) 2019-06-25 2023-03-28 三菱综合材料株式会社 易切削铜合金铸件及易切削铜合金铸件的制造方法
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AU2020403497B2 (en) 2019-12-11 2023-05-18 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Free-cutting copper alloy and method for manufacturing free-cutting copper alloy

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KR20000064324A (ko) * 1996-09-05 2000-11-06 후루까와 준노스께 전자기기용 구리합금
JP3459520B2 (ja) * 1996-09-05 2003-10-20 古河電気工業株式会社 リードフレーム用銅合金

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3985136A1 (fr) 2020-10-16 2022-04-20 Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. KG Alliage de cuivre sans plomb et utilisage de l'alliage de cuivre sans plomb
DE102020127317A1 (de) 2020-10-16 2022-04-21 Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. Kg Bleifreie Kupferlegierung sowie Verwendung der bleifreien Kupferlegierung

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EP1508626A1 (fr) 2005-02-23
WO2000022181A1 (fr) 2000-04-20
DE69833582D1 (de) 2006-04-27
DE69828818T2 (de) 2006-01-05
KR100375426B1 (ko) 2003-03-10
CA2303512A1 (fr) 2000-04-20
DE69835912D1 (de) 2006-10-26
JP2000119774A (ja) 2000-04-25
KR20010033101A (ko) 2001-04-25
EP1502964A1 (fr) 2005-02-02
AU738301B2 (en) 2001-09-13
AU1054099A (en) 2000-05-01
DE69833582T2 (de) 2007-01-18
CA2303512C (fr) 2006-07-11
EP1038981A4 (fr) 2003-02-19
EP1038981B1 (fr) 2005-01-26
TW577931B (en) 2004-03-01
JP3917304B2 (ja) 2007-05-23
EP1038981A1 (fr) 2000-09-27
EP1508626B1 (fr) 2006-09-13
DE69835912T2 (de) 2007-03-08
DE69828818D1 (de) 2005-03-03

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