EP1496533A1 - Disjoncteur à métal liquide avec actionneur piézo-électrique et procédé pour son fonctionnement - Google Patents

Disjoncteur à métal liquide avec actionneur piézo-électrique et procédé pour son fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1496533A1
EP1496533A1 EP03405521A EP03405521A EP1496533A1 EP 1496533 A1 EP1496533 A1 EP 1496533A1 EP 03405521 A EP03405521 A EP 03405521A EP 03405521 A EP03405521 A EP 03405521A EP 1496533 A1 EP1496533 A1 EP 1496533A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid metal
current
piston
drive
piezo
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03405521A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kaveh Niayesh
Silvio Stangherlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to EP03405521A priority Critical patent/EP1496533A1/fr
Priority to EP04738059A priority patent/EP1644949A1/fr
Priority to PCT/CH2004/000418 priority patent/WO2005006368A1/fr
Priority to KR1020067000553A priority patent/KR20060036445A/ko
Publication of EP1496533A1 publication Critical patent/EP1496533A1/fr
Priority to US11/328,160 priority patent/US7151331B2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
    • H01H29/28—Switches having at least one liquid contact with level of surface of contact liquid displaced by fluid pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
    • H01H29/18—Switches having at least one liquid contact with level of surface of contact liquid displaced by non-electrical contact-making plunger

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of primary technology for electrical switchgear, in particular the current limiting and power switching in high, medium or Low-voltage switchgear. She starts from a procedure and a device for current limiting or Power circuit and of a switchgear with a Such device according to the preamble of the independent Claims.
  • DE 40 12 385 A1 is a current-controlled shutdown device discloses its principle of operation on the Pinch effect based on liquid metal. Between two solid metal electrodes is a single, narrow, with liquid metal filled channel arranged. When overcurrent is the liquid conductors due to the electromagnetic force contracted by pinch effect, so that the current even strangles and separates the liquid conductor. The repressed Liquid metal is collected in a storage container and flows back after the overcurrent event. The contact separation takes place without an arc. However, that is the device only for relatively small currents, low Voltages and slow turn-off times suitable and offers no permanent off state.
  • DE 199 03 939 A1 is a self-recovering current limiting device disclosed with liquid metal.
  • a pressure-resistant Insulated housing arranged in the liquid metal in compressor rooms and in between, the compressor rooms is arranged connecting connecting channels, so that a current path for nominal currents between the fixed electrodes given is.
  • the Connection channels become strong during short-circuit currents heated and separated a gas.
  • avalanche Gas bubble formation in the connection channels evaporates the Liquid metal in the compressor rooms, so in the now liquid-metal depleted communication channels a current-limiting Arc is ignited. After the decay of the Overcurrent, the liquid metal can condense again and the rung is ready for use again.
  • connection channels are widened conical upwards, so that the liquid level of the liquid metal varies and the Rated current carrying capacity changed over a wide range can be.
  • a staggered Arrangement of the connection channels a meandering current path formed, so that in Studentsstrombedingem evaporation of the liquid metal is a series of current-limiting arcs is ignited.
  • Such pinch effect current limiters need a lot in terms of pressure and temperature stable construction, which is structurally complex.
  • By the Current limitation by arc occurs great wear inside the current limiter and burnt residues can contaminate the liquid metal.
  • Recondensation of the liquid metal arises immediately after a short circuit again a conductive state, so that no switch-off state is present.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method a device and an electrical switchgear with a Such apparatus for improved and simplified Specify power circuit. This object is achieved according to the invention solved by the features of the independent claims.
  • the invention consists in one Method for current limiting and / or power switching, with a liquid metal power switch, the solid electrodes and a liquid metal container having at least one channel for a liquid metal, wherein in a first Operating state between the fixed electrodes an operating current on a first current path through the power switch is guided and the first current path at least partially by the liquid metal in a first position is performed, wherein in a second operating state the liquid metal by a piezo drive with at least a piezoelectrically driven piston along a Moving direction moves in at least one second position is and the liquid metal in the at least one second Position is removed from the first rung and thereby a current limiting and / or stromabraceder second Current path is formed by the power switch.
  • the piezo liquid metal drive is for very fast and compact power switch, especially arc-free Current limiter, circuit breaker with or without Arcing and current limiting circuit breakers, suitable.
  • the liquid metal remains in the liquid at all times Physical state and its flow state can be very good be kept under control.
  • the procedure can also be used at very high voltage levels.
  • the Power switching with piezo-driven liquid metal takes place reversible and is therefore easy to maintain and inexpensive.
  • the piezo liquid metal drive is also outstanding due to high reliability and low wear.
  • the embodiments according to claim 2 have the advantage an efficient pressure transfer from the working fluid on the liquid metal, a reliable phase separation between drive fluid and liquid metal and a high dielectric strength of the drive fluid. By Incompressibility of the drive fluid becomes a particular fast reaction time of the power switch realized.
  • Claims 3 and 4 give particularly simple configurations for the piezo drive with liquid metal, wherein the Dielectric strength in the contact-opened state by choice the drive fluid or the insulating gas and in particular Gas pressure is favorably influenced.
  • Claims 5 and 6 give sizing criteria for a advantageous mechanical design of the piezo-fluid drive at.
  • the dielectric strength of the power switch in contact-opened second or third operating condition further improved.
  • the embodiment according to claim 8 has the advantage that a progressive current limit with a gentle, possibly arc-free current limiting characteristic or shutdown characteristic can be realized.
  • Claim 9 gives a particularly simple configuration for a piezoelectrically driven integrated liquid metal current limiter / circuit breaker at.
  • the invention relates to a Liquid metal power switch for current limiting and / or Power circuit, in particular for carrying out the method, comprising solid electrodes and a liquid metal container with at least one channel for a liquid metal, wherein in a first operating state between the fixed electrodes a first current path through the Power switch is present and the first current path at least partly by being in a first position Liquid metal leads, with a piezo drive with at least a piezoelectrically driven piston for moving of the liquid metal along a direction of movement in at least a second position exists and in one second operating state, the liquid metal in the at least removed a second position from the first rung is and thereby a current limiting in the power switch and / or Stromabraceder second current path available is.
  • Claims 11-13 give components and sizing criteria for optimum design of the piezo drive.
  • Claims 14-15 give advantageous geometric arrangements of liquid metal and resistor or insulator means at.
  • a series connection of liquid metal columns alternately with the dielectric also high voltages and high currents efficient and safe be handled.
  • Fig. 1a, 1b, 1c show an embodiment in cross section a liquid metal power switch 1, in particular a liquid metal current limiter 1 or liquid metal circuit breaker 1.
  • the power switch 1 comprises Solid metal electrodes 2a, 2b for connecting a power supply and a container 4 for the liquid metal 3, in the at least one channel 3 a for the liquid metal 3 is arranged.
  • the current switch 1 has a piezoelectric drive 12 for the liquid metal 3, in which preferably by means of a working fluid 9 with a predeterminable drive pressure p 1 , p 2 is mechanically acted directly on a first surface 3b of the liquid metal 3 and the liquid metal column 3 of a first Position x 1 is moved to a second position x 12 , x 2 .
  • the liquid metal 3 In the first position x 1 , the liquid metal 3 is at least partially in a first current path 30 for an operating current I 1 .
  • the liquid metal 3 In the second position x 12 , x 2 , the liquid metal 3 is at least partially and preferably completely outside the first current path 30, so that a current-limiting and / or stromabraceder second current path 31, 32 is formed by the power switch 1.
  • the Piezo drive 12 a piezo actuator 100 through this movable piston 100, a dielectric drive fluid 9 for pressure transmission from the piston 100 to the liquid metal 3 and a controller 11.
  • the piezo drive 12 includes also a pressure vessel 40a for collecting drive fluid 9 and a drive channel 40b for supplying Drive fluid 9 to the at least one channel 3a for the Liquid metal 3.
  • the piston 100 is exemplified by the Piezoaktuator 100 given itself. This is a relative large piezo crystal necessary. This is the lateral Seal the movable piston 100 easily.
  • the piezo drive 12 preferably comprises a dielectric drive fluid 9, wherein: the drive fluid 9 is incompressible and acts mechanically directly on a first surface 3b of the liquid metal 3 with a presettable by the piston 100 pressure p 1 , p 2 ; and / or a presettable by the piston 100 in the drive fluid 9 pressure p 1 , p 2 is slightly lower than a surface tension of the pressure-loaded first surface 3b of the liquid metal 3 is selected; and / or the drive fluid 9 is arranged between the piston 100 and the liquid metal 3; and / or as drive fluid 9 a dielelektwitz liquid, in particular an insulator liquid 9 such.
  • transformer oil or silicone oil is selected, which is not mixed with the liquid metal 3 substantially.
  • the liquid metal 3 may extend over the first surface 3c of FIG be worn the drive fluid 9. According to Fig. 1c the liquid metal 3 for contact opening by the piezo drive 12 so moved upward that a contact gap 2d between the fixed electrodes 2a, 2b with the drive fluid 9 is filled. This will be in the second contact Operating state a good dielectric strength or Insulation resistance of the second current path 32 is reached.
  • the liquid metal 3 may also have a second surface 3c are in contact with an insulating gas 9 '.
  • the liquid metal 3 for contact opening by the piezo drive 12 moves down so that a contact gap 2d between the fixed electrodes 2a, 2b with the Insulating gas 9 'is filled.
  • insulating 9 ' are, for example dry air, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride, Argon or vacuum suitable. This allows the dielectric Strength can be further improved. moreover are prevented: an arc ignition in the drive fluid 9, contamination of the drive fluid 9 by chemical Decomposition products, a chemical aging of the Solid electrodes 2a, 2b by the decomposition products and a gas bubble formation in the drive fluid 9.
  • Both embodiments for opening the liquid metal contact 3 of FIG. 1b and FIG. 1c may alternatively, d. H. mutually exclusive, or together, d. H. each other in addition, be implemented and in particular by the piezo controller 11 are controlled.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are a plurality of contact gaps 2d between the fixed electrodes 2a, 2b present, in the first operating state at least are partially filled with the liquid metal 3, wherein in second operating state, the liquid metal 3 by means of Piezo drive 12 is displaced from the contact gaps 2d and by the drive fluid 9 and / or the insulating gas 9 ' is replaced.
  • the piezo-fluid drive 12 is constructed analogously to Fig. 1a-1c.
  • the piston 101 comprises an auxiliary piston 101, which can be driven by at least one piezoactuator 100 of the piezo drive 12.
  • a significantly larger piston surface A K for driving the liquid metal 3 can be created and the piston surface A K can be selected independently of the size of the piezoactuator 100.
  • a ratio A F / A K of a piston area A k of the piston 100, 101 to a total drive cross-sectional area A F of the liquid metal 3 to be driven in all channels 3a in accordance with a ratio to be achieved of a working stroke .DELTA.x for the liquid metal 3 to a piston stroke .DELTA.y of the piston 100, 101 is selected.
  • a working stroke ⁇ x of the liquid metal 3 should be greater than a minimum vertical contact distance g open to be achieved.
  • the piston area A k and the piston stroke ⁇ y of the piston 100 are tuned to a total cross-sectional area A F of the liquid metal 3 to be driven in all channels 3 a and to the working stroke ⁇ x to be achieved for the liquid metal 3.
  • V F A F • (H + g open )
  • B width of the channel 3a (or total width of all channels 3a)
  • W depth of the channel 3a (or channels 3a)
  • H height of the liquid metal column (n)
  • g open minimum vertical contact distance.
  • a F Q • B / H.
  • Equation (G2) an increase in the mass of the drive fluid 9 in the reservoir 40a has been neglected because it is wide, deep and shallow. Equation (G2) can be integrated numerically and the response time t sep of the current switch 1 can be determined as a function of the channel depth W and the minimum vertical contact distance g open .
  • the total moving mass of liquid metal 3 and drive fluid 9 m F + (H + g open ) • A F • ⁇ oil should be kept as small as possible.
  • the resulting Piezohub .DELTA.y (g open , W) is given as a function of the required vertical contact distance g open and the channel depth W. It can be seen that a current switch 1 with a maximum delay time t sep of 1.5 ms and a minimum vertical contact gap g open of 5 mm can be realized with a piezocrystal 100 with a minimum piezoelectric working stroke of 240 ⁇ m.
  • the structural design of the power switch 1 according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 comprises in the liquid metal container 4 a plurality of substantially parallel to each other and along the direction x extending channels 3a for the liquid metal 3, which are separated from each other by wall-like webs 5a, 8a.
  • the webs 5a, 8a have in the area of the first current path 30 between electrodes 2c for the passage of the operating current I 2 and the area of the second current path 31 individual resistors 5a and / or individual insulators 8a of the dielectric 5, 8.
  • a region with resistance means 5 serves to provide a current-limiting second current path 31 and a region with insulator means 8 for providing a second current path 32 for power cut-off, in particular with arcing.
  • the dielectric 5, 8, 9, 9 ' may also comprise the drive fluid 9 and / or the insulating gas 9', which likewise have a predefinable electrical resistance R x for the second current path 31, 32.
  • a dielectric 5, 8, 9, 9 ' should be present, wherein the liquid metal 3 is in the second position x 12 , x 2 in series with the dielectric 5, 8, 9, 9' and with this a current-limiting and / or Stromabnature second current path 31, 32 in the power switch 1 forms.
  • the dielectric 5, 8, 9, 9 ' should have an ohmic component and is preferably purely ohmic.
  • the dielectric comprises a resistance means 5 which, for arc-free current limiting, has an electrical resistance R x for the second current path 31 which increases continuously along the direction of movement x up to an extreme second position x 2 .
  • the liquid metal 3 is guided in a transition from the first position x 1 to the second position x 12 , x 2 along the webs 5 a of the resistive element 5.
  • the current-limiting second current path 31 is formed by an alternating series connection of liquid metal 3 filled channel regions 3a and the webs 5a, which act as with their length progressive individual resistances 5a of the resistive element 5.
  • the electrical resistance R x as a function R x (x 12 ) of the second position x 12 and a path-time characteristic x 12 (t) of the liquid metal 3 along the direction of movement x should be selected so that in every second position x 12 , x 2 of the liquid metal 3, the product of electrical resistance R x and current I 2 is smaller than a Lichtbogenzündposition U b between the liquid metal 3 and the fixed electrodes 2a, 2b and optionally intermediate electrodes 2c and / or that a sufficient slope of the current limit to control network-related short-circuit currents i (t) is achieved.
  • the container 4 shows a combined or integrated liquid metal current limiter 1 and liquid metal circuit breaker 1 with piezo drive 12 for the liquid metal 3.
  • the container 4 has a bottom 6 and cover 6 made of insulator material, between which the dielectric 5, 8, 9, 9 ' and the liquid metal channels 3a are arranged. In a displacement of the liquid metal 3 in the positive direction of movement + x, the current i is guided on the current limiting path 31 and limited as discussed above.
  • the liquid metal 3 in a third operating state, can be moved along the opposite direction of movement -x to at least one third position x 13 , x 3 , wherein the liquid metal 3 is in series with the insulator 8 in the at least one third position x 13 , x 3 and thereby an isolation path 32 for power shutdown is formed by the device 1.
  • the insulation section 8 by a plurality of insulating webs 8a may be formed, the in the shutdown case in alternating series connection with the stand down shifted liquid metal columns 3. Especially is between the second and third operating state switched by a control command, the Control 11 at a current limit command a piezo movement or piezoelectric force F upwards for lifting the liquid metal column 3 is generated and a shutdown command a piezoelectric force down to Reduction of the liquid metal column 3.
  • the first or nominal current path 30 and the current-limiting or second current path 31 are arranged substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement x, predetermined by the longitudinal extent of the channels 3a, and / or substantially parallel to each other.
  • the isolation gap 32 for power cutoff is advantageously arranged above the second current path 31 and / or below the first current path 30 and as parallel as possible to the latter.
  • the liquid metal 3 by the fluid drive 12 offset in an ordered flow. Consequently the liquid metal 3 remains in the first, second and third operating state in a liquid state of matter.
  • liquid metal 3 are suitable for.
  • the piezo drive 12 has the particular advantage of being a hydraulic or expensive mechanical drive for the Liquid metal 3 can be avoided.
  • inventions relate u.a. the use as current limiter, current-limiting switch and / or Circuit breaker 1 in power supply networks, as self-recovery Fuse or as motor starter.
  • the invention also includes an electrical switchgear, in particular a high or medium voltage switchgear marked by a device 1 as described above.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
EP03405521A 2003-07-10 2003-07-10 Disjoncteur à métal liquide avec actionneur piézo-électrique et procédé pour son fonctionnement Withdrawn EP1496533A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405521A EP1496533A1 (fr) 2003-07-10 2003-07-10 Disjoncteur à métal liquide avec actionneur piézo-électrique et procédé pour son fonctionnement
EP04738059A EP1644949A1 (fr) 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 Procede et dispositif permettant de couper le courant au moyen d'un interrupteur de courant a metal liquide actionne par un fluide
PCT/CH2004/000418 WO2005006368A1 (fr) 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 Procede et dispositif permettant de couper le courant au moyen d'un interrupteur de courant a metal liquide actionne par un fluide
KR1020067000553A KR20060036445A (ko) 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 유체-작동식 액체 금속 전류 스위치를 이용한 전력 차단방법 및 디바이스
US11/328,160 US7151331B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2006-01-10 Process and device for current switching with a fluid-driven liquid metal current switch

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405521A EP1496533A1 (fr) 2003-07-10 2003-07-10 Disjoncteur à métal liquide avec actionneur piézo-électrique et procédé pour son fonctionnement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1496533A1 true EP1496533A1 (fr) 2005-01-12

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EP03405521A Withdrawn EP1496533A1 (fr) 2003-07-10 2003-07-10 Disjoncteur à métal liquide avec actionneur piézo-électrique et procédé pour son fonctionnement

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108608424A (zh) * 2018-07-06 2018-10-02 中国科学院大学 基于导电流体的驱动装置、方法及机械臂
CN108673330A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-19 浙江工业大学 一种磁场旋转式叶片液态金属抛光装置
CN117450325A (zh) * 2023-11-06 2024-01-26 河北优利科电气有限公司 一种金属溶液驱动装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3022401A (en) * 1958-11-26 1962-02-20 Gen Electric Electrical switching device and method employing liquid conductor
US3331937A (en) * 1965-03-01 1967-07-18 Gen Electric Liquid metal switch
DE1294858B (de) * 1966-01-28 1969-05-08 Deutsche Fernsprecher Gmbh Kontakt- und Betaetigungsvorrichtung fuer UEberfall-Alarmanlagen
DE10048430A1 (de) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Piezoelektrischer Aktor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3022401A (en) * 1958-11-26 1962-02-20 Gen Electric Electrical switching device and method employing liquid conductor
US3331937A (en) * 1965-03-01 1967-07-18 Gen Electric Liquid metal switch
DE1294858B (de) * 1966-01-28 1969-05-08 Deutsche Fernsprecher Gmbh Kontakt- und Betaetigungsvorrichtung fuer UEberfall-Alarmanlagen
DE10048430A1 (de) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Piezoelektrischer Aktor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108673330A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-19 浙江工业大学 一种磁场旋转式叶片液态金属抛光装置
CN108608424A (zh) * 2018-07-06 2018-10-02 中国科学院大学 基于导电流体的驱动装置、方法及机械臂
CN117450325A (zh) * 2023-11-06 2024-01-26 河北优利科电气有限公司 一种金属溶液驱动装置

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