EP1911059B1 - Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes - Google Patents

Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1911059B1
EP1911059B1 EP06777558A EP06777558A EP1911059B1 EP 1911059 B1 EP1911059 B1 EP 1911059B1 EP 06777558 A EP06777558 A EP 06777558A EP 06777558 A EP06777558 A EP 06777558A EP 1911059 B1 EP1911059 B1 EP 1911059B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
short
contact electrodes
sacrificial element
circuiting device
switching element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06777558A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1911059A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Zahlmann
Arnd Ehrhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP08018404A priority Critical patent/EP2051275B1/fr
Priority to PL08018404T priority patent/PL2051275T3/pl
Publication of EP1911059A1 publication Critical patent/EP1911059A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1911059B1 publication Critical patent/EP1911059B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a further developed short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage equipment for property and personal protection, comprising a switching element which is actuated by the trigger signal of a fault detection device, two opposing contact electrodes with means for supplying power, which to a circuit with terminals of different Potential are contactable, continue the contact electrodes under mechanical bias standing in the case of short circuit spring assisted perform a relative movement to each other, a sacrificial element as a spacer between the contact electrodes and an electrical connection between the sacrificial element and the switching element on the one hand and one of the contact electrodes on the other hand, a current flow induced thermal destruction of the Targeting element to bring about specifically, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a method for initiating a short circuit in low and medium voltage installations with a short-circuiting device.
  • a short-circuiter for use in electrical energy distribution installations according to DE 197 46 815 A1 is provided directly driven by a gas generator short-circuiting element with a short-circuiting piston.
  • the local short-circuiting piston should perform regardless of manufacturing tolerances optimal shock movement and at the same time be transport-secured.
  • the DE 42 35 329 A1 includes a short-circuit device to the prior art, which consists of at least one switching element which is actuated with a trigger signal of an error detection device.
  • the short-circuiter provided there comprises at least two electrodes receiving the switching element between them and has current-carrying parts or regions.
  • the response times are insufficient and it is the overall design arrangement from a manufacturing point of view very expensive.
  • a short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage systems which also includes a switching element which is actuated by a trigger signal of an error detection device.
  • the switching element is a triggerable overvoltage protection device, which can be brought to a response by a current or voltage pulse and destructible in the event of an error.
  • At least one of the surge arrester receiving electrodes is under mechanical bias and is movable toward the opposite electrode, the overvoltage protector forming an electrode spacer which, in the event of destruction, allows the electrodes to contact the short circuit.
  • the aforementioned switching element may be a series circuit of a triggerable overvoltage protection device and a device with adjustable or defined melting integral.
  • the aforementioned device is a glass tube fuse, a linear or non-linear resistor, a varistor, a low-melting metal or a metal alloy, a semiconductive or conductive ceramic, such a glass, or the like.
  • a tension or compression spring used to generate the mechanical bias and the relative electrode movement.
  • an embodiment of the electrodes as a pot with a counter electrode is common, which has a plunging into the pot die.
  • a cylinder of a refractory metallic material is previously known, which is used as a sacrificial element.
  • a fusible element in the form of a spiral wire is previously known.
  • said short-circuiting device should have a cost-effective to manufacture sacrificial element, which leads to a minimized loading of the switching element and the has the highest possible electrical conductivity to minimize the commutation with simultaneous high mechanical strength to use a high spring force with the aim of reducing the movement time.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a short-circuiting device according to the combination of features according to claim 1, wherein reference is additionally made to an inventive method for initiating a short circuit in low-voltage systems using the short-circuiting device according to the invention.
  • this includes a switching element which can be actuated by the trigger signal of an error detection device. Furthermore, two opposing contact electrodes are provided with means for supplying power, wherein the contact electrodes can be contacted to a circuit with terminals of different potential.
  • the contact electrodes under mechanical bias standing, spring-assisted in case of short circuit, a relative movement from each other.
  • the sacrificial element which is provided as a spacer between the contact electrodes, is in electrical connection with the switching element, on the one hand, and one of the contact electrodes, on the other hand, in order to bring about thermal destruction caused by thermal flow.
  • the sacrificial element is designed as a thin-walled hollow cylinder made of a refractory metallic material.
  • the hollow cylinder is a structure of a pressure-resistant material, wherein the aforementioned filling is designed as a low-melting metal, for example.
  • an insulating layer with little mechanical or even low temperature resistance can be arranged between the hollow cylinder and the actual conductive substance instead of accompanying partial filling.
  • the substance located in the interior is released and can already realize an electrically conductive short circuit or support such a short circuit even before closing or complete contact without mechanical movement of the main contacts.
  • the hollow cylinder can be inserted and guided in recesses of the contact electrodes, so that a low contact resistance is given.
  • an insulating body and an auxiliary electrode are located in the stationary contact electrode, wherein the auxiliary electrode is in communication with the sacrificial element.
  • the opposing sides of the contact electrodes and the opposing surfaces may have a complementary conical shape with resulting centering effect in the case of short circuit contact.
  • the ratio between the diameter and the wall thickness of the hollow cylinder is selected to be greater than 10: 1.
  • Defined structures or changes in wall thickness in the hollow cylinder can form current paths, with the result of uneven heating under current load and deformation with concomitant loss of mechanical strength. It remains in this case advantageously the conductive connection between the contact electrodes, but decreases the mechanical resistance of the hollow cylinder, so that under the action of the spring force of the short-circuiter can be quickly converted into a closed state.
  • a cavity can be formed between the contact electrodes in order to receive parts of the destroyed sacrificial element, without the desired low-resistance contact connection being impaired in the event of a short circuit.
  • a venting channel or a venting bore effective in the closed state can be effective in order to prevent forces arising due to an increase in pressure in the event of a short circuit, in particular when an arc arises, which counteract the movement of the contact electrodes towards one another.
  • the device for generating the biasing force can be designed as a compression spring, disc spring or the like spring arrangement.
  • the sacrificial element 5 has a special significance with respect to the effective operation of the short-circuiting device.
  • the aim of optimizing the short-circuiting device is to achieve the fastest possible closing movement of the main contacts and a very low load on the switching element.
  • the speed of the closing movement of the main contacts is in addition to the contact distance, the mass of the moving contact, the effective counter forces also determined substantially by the force-displacement characteristic of the spring 4 used. The higher the initial force in the tensioned state and the higher the residual force in the closed state of the short-circuiter, the shorter the closing time of the main contacts.
  • the mass of the moving contact and the spring force in the stressed state permanently act on the sacrificial element and require a certain mechanical strength.
  • the sacrificial element should be overloaded as possible as a result of a low power supply and cause the desired movement of the corresponding main contact, ie the respective contact electrode.
  • the switching element Until the current commutation of the fault current to the main contacts, the switching element is loaded with the fault current. The lower this load, the lower the cost of the switching element can be kept.
  • the impedance of the switching element and possibly the existing impedance of the arc and the substantially ohmic resistance of the sacrificial element is eliminated from the fault circuit.
  • the sacrificial elements according to the invention have the following properties. There is a low melting integral (I 2 t value) of the material to minimize stress on the switching element.
  • the sacrificial elements have a high electrical conductivity to minimize the commutation time and have a high mechanical strength to use a high spring force in view of a desired reduction in the movement time of the contact electrodes. Furthermore, there is only a low arc voltage in the destruction of the sacrificial element for the realization of a short commutation time. Forces, which counteract the mechanical movement, such as a resulting increase in pressure, are avoided or reduced.
  • the destruction behavior of the particular hollow cylindrical material is designed so that there is no impairment of the mechanical movement of the contact electrodes.
  • the sacrificial element 5 is designed as a thin-walled hollow cylinder.
  • a material for the hollow cylinder are particularly suitable due to the high mechanical strength steels or iron alloys. Materials with high specific melting integral values, such as copper or silver, lead with sufficient mechanical strength to a comparatively higher load on the switching element.
  • the thin-walled hollow cylinder geometry is chosen so that the ratio of diameter to wall thickness is substantially greater than 10: 1. This geometry has a much higher mechanical strength compared to a solid cylinder of the same material at the same melt integral. This makes it possible to specify higher spring forces and ensures faster closing times of the contact electrodes.
  • the hollow cylinder according to the invention has a further advantage explained below, in particular at diameters of several millimeters.
  • the hollow cylinder heats and melts unevenly even at high current loads and short melting times. This effect can consciously by the current transfer at the contact points or by structuring be promoted of the cylinder.
  • structural material influences or even the use of composite material are conceivable.
  • the hollow cylinder also does not melt or evaporate uniformly, as a result of which individual metallic bridges remain and thus the arc-free behavior of the short-circuiter is maintained far into the kA range.
  • a larger cavity or in addition a vent may be provided which limits the pressure build-up and thus the resulting counter forces.
  • the arrangement of the sacrificial element, the main contacts and the gas flow is chosen or designed so that in an arc ignition of the arc commutes immediately from the auxiliary path with the switching element 9 on the two contact electrodes 2 and 6.
  • the switching element 9 can already be relieved of the flow of current before closing the contact electrodes.
  • an electrically conductive housing 1 with a movable contact electrode element 2 is present, which is biased under the action of a spring 4.
  • the movable contact electrode 2 is insulated from the electrically conductive housing 1 by means of an insulation 3.
  • an insulation 7 to the electrically conductive housing 1 and the contact electrode 6 is present.
  • Reference numeral 10 symbolizes a conductive substance that can be used as a complete or partial filling of the hollow cylinder sacrificial element 5.
  • the conductive substance 10 may be embodied as a low melting point metal or conductive liquid.
  • the inventive principle of the method for initiating a short circuit is based on a staggered connection of the short-circuiter with the following timing.
  • the switching element of the short-circuiter After the detection of a fault, e.g. an arc fault in the system, the switching element of the short-circuiter is briefly actuated.
  • the possible short-circuit current through the switching element is limited by the sacrificial element and the impedance of the terminal and of the switching element.
  • the current commutes from the fault location to the short circuiter.
  • the switching element After an adjustable time, the switching element interrupts the short-circuit current and the system and the fault location are again loaded with mains voltage. In the case of a wiper and a sufficient reconsolidation of the fault remains the supply of the system.
  • the short-circuiter reports the error that has occurred and thus indicates a necessary system check.
  • the switching element of the short-circuiter is controlled again and permanently.
  • the sacrificial element of the short-circuiter is in overloaded in this case and generates a permanent metallic short circuit, which forces a shutdown of the plant.
  • the sacrificial element is designed so that a metallic short circuit can already be achieved after the lowest current loads (low I 2 t values).
  • the switching elements used in this case must thus have only a very low current carrying capacity or a low switching capacity.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram relating to the parallel connection of another path.
  • the additional parallel path consists essentially of a controllable switching element 17 with medium to high current carrying capacity and breaking capacity.
  • an impedance 16 may be provided. With the help of the impedance, it is possible to influence the magnitude of the short-circuit current or the value of the square-wave current pulse, for example with non-linear impedances. On the one hand, this can be useful in order to avoid a response of possible overcurrent or undervoltage protection devices of the network during the first time-limited switching of the switching element and, on the other hand, not to exceed the maximum load with regard to current carrying capacity and extinguishing capability for less powerful switching elements.
  • the height of the impedance 16 should not exceed a few 100 m ⁇ , since otherwise a commutation of the fault current to the overall device (short circuit path 1 and 2) is severely hindered.
  • the impedance should be less than a few m ⁇ .
  • semiconductor switches e.g. Thyristors or IGBTs, but also triggerable vacuum switch and spark gaps suitable.

Landscapes

  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destiné à être employé dans des installations à basse et à moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes, comprenant un élément de commutation (9) susceptible d'être actionné par un signal de déclenchement d'un dispositif de détection d'erreurs, deux électrodes de contact mutuellement opposées (2 ; 6) avec des moyens pour l'amenée de courant, ces électrodes pouvant être mises en contact avec un circuit électrique avec des raccords à différents potentiels, dans lequel les électrodes de contact (2, 6), qui sont sous précontrainte mécanique, exécutent en cas de court-circuit un mouvement relatif l'une par rapport à l'autre avec assistance d'une force due à un ressort,
    un élément sacrifié (5) à titre d'écarteur entre les électrodes de contact (2, 6), ainsi qu'une connexion électrique entre l'élément sacrifié (5) et l'élément de commutation (9) d'une part et l'une des électrodes de contact (2, 6) d'autre part, pour exécuter de façon ciblée une destruction thermique de l'élément sacrifié (5) provoquée par le passage d'un courant,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément sacrifié (5) est un cylindre creux en un matériau métallique à point de fusion élevé à paroi mince dans lequel le rapport entre le diamètre et l'épaisseur de paroi du cylindre creux est supérieure à 10:1.
  2. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une substance électriquement conductrice (10) est reçue dans le cylindre creux.
  3. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu entre la substance conductrice (10) et le cylindre creux une couche isolante présentant une moindre solidité mécanique et une moindre résistance à la température que le matériau du cylindre creux.
  4. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le cylindre creux est mis en place et guidé dans des évidements des électrodes de contact (2, 6).
  5. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un corps isolant (7) et une électrode auxiliaire (8) se trouvent dans l'électrode de contact (6) immobile, ladite électrode auxiliaire (8) étant connectée à l'élément sacrifié (5).
  6. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que les côtés mutuellement opposés des électrodes de contact (2, 6) présentent une forme conique complémentaire.
  7. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le cylindre creux présente, de façon répartie sur l'épaisseur de paroi, des structures pour réaliser des trajets électriques avec pour conséquence un échauffement irrégulier lors du passage de courant et une déformation avec une perte consécutive de solidité mécanique.
  8. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une cavité est ménagée entre les électrodes de contact (2, 6), afin de recevoir des parties de l'élément sacrifié détruit.
  9. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un canal ou un perçage de mise à l'air agit entre les électrodes de contact (2, 6) également à l'état fermé.
  10. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le moyen pour générer la force de précontrainte est un ressort de compression (4).
  11. Procédé pour établir un court-circuit dans des installations à basse tension en utilisant un dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par
    une mise en circuit par gradins des éléments de court-circuit, présentant les étapes suivantes :
    - bref pilotage de l'élément de commutation (9) après détection d'un cas de perturbation ;
    - limitation du courant de court-circuit à travers l'élément de commutation (9) au moyen de l'élément sacrifié (5) et l'impédance du raccordement ainsi que l'impédance de l'élément de commutation (9) lui-même, et commutation du courant depuis l'emplacement d'erreur vers les éléments de court-circuit ;
    - interruption du courant de court-circuit après un temps prédéterminé au moyen de l'élément de commutation (9), et nouveau chargement de l'installation avec la tension du réseau,
    - si le cas d'erreur persiste, le cas échéant nouveau pilotage, maintenant durable, de l'élément de commutation (9) ;
    - destruction de l'élément sacrifié (5) et génération d'un court-circuit durable avec mise hors service de l'installation.
EP06777558A 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes Not-in-force EP1911059B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08018404A EP2051275B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de disjonction à utiliser dans des installations de basse et moyenne tension en vue de la protection de biens et de personnes
PL08018404T PL2051275T3 (pl) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Urządzenie zwierające do stosowania w instalacjach niskiego i średniego napięcia dla ochrony rzeczy i osób

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005036812 2005-08-04
DE102005048003A DE102005048003B4 (de) 2005-08-04 2005-10-06 Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
PCT/EP2006/063823 WO2007014816A1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08018404A Division EP2051275B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de disjonction à utiliser dans des installations de basse et moyenne tension en vue de la protection de biens et de personnes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1911059A1 EP1911059A1 (fr) 2008-04-16
EP1911059B1 true EP1911059B1 (fr) 2009-06-10

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08018404A Not-in-force EP2051275B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de disjonction à utiliser dans des installations de basse et moyenne tension en vue de la protection de biens et de personnes
EP06777558A Not-in-force EP1911059B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destine a etre utilise dans des installations basse et moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08018404A Not-in-force EP2051275B1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-07-04 Dispositif de disjonction à utiliser dans des installations de basse et moyenne tension en vue de la protection de biens et de personnes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2051275B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101278369B (fr)
AT (2) ATE463833T1 (fr)
DE (4) DE102005048003B4 (fr)
PL (1) PL2051275T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007014816A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
ATE433602T1 (de) 2009-06-15
DE102005048003A1 (de) 2007-04-19
PL2051275T3 (pl) 2010-09-30
EP2051275A1 (fr) 2009-04-22
EP1911059A1 (fr) 2008-04-16
DE502006003948D1 (de) 2009-07-23
EP2051275B1 (fr) 2010-04-07
DE202006020737U1 (de) 2009-09-24
CN101278369A (zh) 2008-10-01
ATE463833T1 (de) 2010-04-15
CN101278369B (zh) 2012-07-25
WO2007014816A1 (fr) 2007-02-08
DE102005048003B4 (de) 2008-04-30
DE502006006665D1 (de) 2010-05-20

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