EP3479391B1 - Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destiné à être utilisé dans des systèmes à basses et moyennes tensions pour la protection des biens et des personnes - Google Patents

Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destiné à être utilisé dans des systèmes à basses et moyennes tensions pour la protection des biens et des personnes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3479391B1
EP3479391B1 EP17728201.9A EP17728201A EP3479391B1 EP 3479391 B1 EP3479391 B1 EP 3479391B1 EP 17728201 A EP17728201 A EP 17728201A EP 3479391 B1 EP3479391 B1 EP 3479391B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
short
circuiting device
sacrificial element
movable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17728201.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3479391A1 (fr
Inventor
Herr Arnd EHRHARDT
Michael Fromm
Stefan DIETWEGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to PL17728201T priority Critical patent/PL3479391T3/pl
Publication of EP3479391A1 publication Critical patent/EP3479391A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/764—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material in which contacts are held closed by a thermal pellet
    • H01H37/765—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material in which contacts are held closed by a thermal pellet using a sliding contact between a metallic cylindrical housing and a central electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/40—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/002—Contacts bounceless
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage systems for property and personal protection, comprising a switching element which can be actuated by the trigger signal of a fault detection device, two opposing contact electrodes with means for supplying current, these being connected to a circuit with connections of different potential contactable, furthermore, in at least one of the contact electrodes, a movable contact part, which is under mechanical prestressing and in the event of a short-circuit spring-assisted movement executing a movement to the further contact electrode, a sacrificial element as a spacer between the contact electrodes and with an electrical connection between the sacrificial element and the switching element on the one hand and one of the contact electrodes on the other hand, in order to bring about a thermal deformation or destruction of the sacrificial element due to current flow, in accordance with the preamble of the claim chs 1.
  • the sacrificial element is a thin-walled hollow cylinder with a ratio between the diameter and wall thickness of the hollow cylinder greater than 10: 1, the sacrificial element consisting of a high-melting metallic material.
  • the related short-circuiter should have a minimum commutation time with high mechanical strength for the use of a high spring force with the aim of reducing the movement time and for the purpose of quicker response.
  • an insulating body and an auxiliary electrode are located in the fixed contact electrode, the auxiliary electrode being connected to the sacrificial element.
  • the opposite sides of the contact electrodes or the opposite Surfaces can have a complementary conical shape with a resulting centering effect when they come into contact in the event of a short circuit.
  • Defined structures or fluctuations in wall thickness in the hollow cylinder can lead to current paths, with the result of uneven heating under current load and a deformation with a concomitant loss of mechanical strength.
  • the conductive connection between the contact electrodes is retained, but the mechanical resistance of the hollow cylinder decreases, so that the short-circuiter can be quickly converted to the desired closed state in the action of the spring force.
  • a ventilation channel or a ventilation hole which is effective in the closed state, can be effective between the contact electrodes in order to prevent a pressure increase in the event of a short circuit, in particular when a light floor is created, which counteracts the movement of the contact electrodes towards one another with a delay in closing.
  • the device for generating the prestressing force can be designed as a compression spring, plate spring or similar spring arrangement.
  • the sacrificial element may be a wire or rod made of a conductive material with a low melting integral, the sacrificial element being under mechanical tension under tension.
  • DE-U1-202012001729 discloses a short-circuiting device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the teaching according to the invention falls back on the basic idea of realizing a reduced-contact contact system which relates to a plastic deformation of a part of the opposing contacts.
  • the movable contact part is provided with a relatively long, flat-angled conical contact area and, as a hollow cylindrical contact, is preferably equipped with a spring drive. In the open state, the movement of the movable contact part is blocked.
  • the pretensioning force in particular the spring force, is released and is supported by at least one further force component which accelerates the closing movement.
  • the movable contact part is located in a fixed contact electrode with the same potential and, when triggered, has a very long, preferably coaxial sliding contact without additional spring contacts or the like.
  • the sliding contact has a gap of ⁇ 1/10 mm.
  • the kinetic energy of the movable contact part is converted into a plastic deformation, as a result of which contact bounce and a disadvantageous arcing phase can be avoided.
  • a first contact system initiates a first metallic short circuit in a very short time.
  • the first contact system triggers an irreversible movement of a second contact system before the metallic short circuit.
  • the first contact system carries the current 100% until the second contact system closes.
  • the second contact system is closed without arcing, since neither an arc arises when closing and an arc is also excluded when bouncing when closing due to the parallel metallic short circuit.
  • the first contact system can be optimized due to the reduced requirements regarding the current carrying capacity or with regard to the speed of the tripping function and the closing of the contacts.
  • the second additional contact system is provided with a longer stroke and a higher driving force and a larger contact area and thus higher current carrying capacity.
  • the first contact system is preferably provided with a sacrificial element which is known per se and which contacts the contacts by pressure or tension at a distance, i.e. keeps spaced.
  • the movable contact of the second contact system is preferably held on the moving contact, for example by a ball guide.
  • the holding function can be adjusted over an inclined plane so that the spring system of the second movable contact exerts only a slight additional force effect on the sacrificial element, for example ⁇ 10%.
  • the movable contact part is designed as a hollow cylinder closed on one side.
  • a spring in the hollow cylinder for generating pre-tension. This spring can be inserted into the hollow cylinder space in a very simple manner, so that there is no additional space for the spring.
  • the hollow cylinder is movably guided in a complementary recess in the first contact electrode to form a sliding contact. So the hollow cylinder is piston-like movable in this recess.
  • its cylinder wall is designed to merge into an outer cone on the outer circumference side.
  • a first peg-shaped extension extends in the interior of the hollow cylinder, starting from the hollow cylinder base, which is opposite a second peg-shaped extension that is insulated from the contact electrodes.
  • the already mentioned sacrificial element is located between the first and the second peg-shaped extension.
  • the sacrificial element is preferably designed as a bolt or screw with a corresponding thread.
  • the relevant ends of the bolt or the screw are fixed to the first and second peg-shaped extension via the thread or the screw head.
  • a recess with an inner cone which is adapted to the outer cone of the movable contact part, is provided in the second contact electrode.
  • the outer and inner cones form a bounce-free short-circuit contact area with positive and positive locking due to plastic deformation.
  • ventilation openings connected to the inner cone are provided in the area of the recess. These ventilation openings are located in the second contact electrode in order to prevent pressure build-up due to the movement of the movable contact part.
  • vents can be closed with a stopper that moves under pressure.
  • a valve-like closure can be provided, so that the penetration of moisture, dirt or other foreign bodies can be avoided, but on the other hand the aforementioned undesirable pressure build-up can be excluded.
  • the respective cone angle for forming the bounce-free, plastically deformable contact is in the range of ⁇ 3 °.
  • the contact electrodes and thus the basic construction of the short-circuiting device are preferably rotationally symmetrical.
  • the contact electrodes are kept at a distance via an insulating centering ring.
  • the overall arrangement is enclosed by a surrounding shell.
  • the movable contact part can move in the manner of a piston in the recess of the first contact electrode, the energy released when the sacrificial element being destroyed and / or the energy of an arc being produced acting on the base of the movable contact to accelerate the movement and shorten the closing time .
  • the second peg-shaped extension is surrounded by an insulating tube made of gas-emitting material.
  • the insulating tube can be provided with a protective, metallic shell, at least partially surrounding the insulating tube.
  • a current constriction is formed in the current path to the sacrificial element.
  • two movable contact parts are provided in a coaxial, concentric arrangement in order to increase the current carrying capacity, in which case the sacrificial element can alternatively be prestressed and stressed instead of a compressive stress.
  • the short-circuiting device 1 has connection options 2 on its end faces for contacting busbars or additional parts; 3 on.
  • the short-circuiting device 1 has a sacrificial element, which in the example shown is designed as a screw or bolt 5.
  • the sacrificial element 5 is electrically connected to the outer connection 4 and, via the movable contact part 6, to the contact electrode 8 and to the outer connection 3.
  • the second contact electrode 9 is connected to the connection 2 and is electrically separated from the first contact electrode 8 via an insulated centering part 10.
  • the insulated centering part 10 guides the contact electrodes 8; 9, wherein the joining of the aforementioned parts is preferably realized by a press fit, in particular a conical press fit.
  • the movable contact part 6 is centered on the guide in the contact electrode 8 to the contact electrode 9.
  • the short-circuiting device 1 is triggered by a current flow via the sacrificial element 5 after a switching element 11 establishes a connection to the connection 2.
  • the sacrificial element 5 does not have to melt completely to initiate the closing process. It is essential that the material of the sacrificial element 5 is softened. This softening can also occur below the melting temperature.
  • FIG. 2 again shows a longitudinal section through a short-circuiting device according to the invention with the already based on the Fig. 1 explained components and assemblies.
  • the arrangement of the spring 7 in the cavity of the essentially cylindrical, movable contact part 6 means that no additional space is required for the spring space required. As a result, the short-circuiting device can be made compact.
  • the wall thickness of the movable contact part 6 can be designed for the mechanical requirements, for example the force effect of currents after closing.
  • the wall thickness of the hollow cylinder and the bottom of the movable contact part 6 can, for example, be in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, depending on the material and current load.
  • a very large sliding contact surface of the movable contact part 6 with respect to the contact electrode 8 can also be achieved with a small mass of the movable contact part 6. This enables a sufficient contact area for large current loads with minimal weight and thus a high speed when moving the contact part 6 and comparatively low spring forces.
  • Vent openings 12 or 92 can be provided in the area of the contact electrode 9, which prevent pressure build-up due to the compression of the gas during a rapid movement of the contact part 6.
  • vents 12; 92 can be closed with a membrane, a valve or easily opening closure elements or a stopper. However, the pressure equalization can also take place within an essentially closed short-circuiter with suitable channels in the contact electrode 8 and / or in the movable contact part 6.
  • the contact area between the movable contact part 6 and the contact electrode 8 is a multiple, i.e. at least three times larger than between the contact electrode 9 and the movable contact part 6, since preferably no plastic deformation takes place in this area.
  • the electrical contact is realized via an essentially coaxial sliding contact with a gap dimension preferably ⁇ 0.1 mm, maximum 0.2 mm.
  • the surfaces in question can have a suitable coating to improve the sliding properties and the electrical properties.
  • the sliding contact is able to carry high currents without arcing for a short time without additional contact lamellae and without plastic deformation, and allows a design for high continuous currents.
  • the main current path after the short-circuiting device has been closed is thus a non-positive press connection with plastic deformation of the conical short-circuit contact area between the contact part 6 and the contact electrode 9 and the sliding contact between the contact part 6 and the contact electrode 8 with only a small force.
  • Avoiding permanent lamella contacts can not only reduce costs. The forces required for rapid movement are also reduced and the kinetic energy that can be converted for plastic deformation increases.
  • the energy available for the plastic deformation is at least 10 joules solely due to the spring force.
  • the travel path can be limited with suitable means, since only a small penetration depth of the contact part 6 with respect to the contact electrode 8 is sufficient for a sufficient current carrying capacity according to the illustrations shown.
  • the lengths of the sliding contact and the gap dimension between the movable contact part 6 and the contact electrode 8 are carried out in such a way that further requirements relevant for functional safety can be positively influenced.
  • hot gas, plasma or conductive particles, soot or the like can reach the area of the separating distance between the contact part 6 and the contact electrodes 8 and 9 via the gap of the sliding contact the contact part 6 and the contact electrode 8 are closed metallically.
  • the aforementioned coordination may be necessary by further measures, such as, for example, sealing off the pressure space around the sacrificial element, at least in time until the metallic contact is reached by appropriate gas deflections between the area of origin and the gap area or by venting in the contact electrode 9, which may also be released only after the start of the movement of the contact part 6 and discharges the main gas quantity without passage of the gap area.
  • the proposed embodiment of sliding contact and gap size is used in order to use the formation of the molten metal to produce a metallic, highly conductive connection in the event of an arcing fault in the sliding region of the contact part 6.
  • Such a fault can be caused, for example, by high dynamic forces which act on the contact part 6 due to an unfavorable installation.
  • the melt that occurs in this case due to the occasional arc in the contact area is forced and held in the narrow gap between the contact part 6 and the contact electrode 9. This leads to a further reduction in the gap dimension, a reduction in the play between the contact part 6 and the contact electrode 9 even when subjected to high forces, and by the rapid cooling of the melt in the well-cooled area to a metallic short circuit.
  • a further mechanical acceleration of the contact part 6 can be achieved by supporting measures.
  • the heat generation but also the arcing when the part is overloaded, can be used to provide an additional force based on the force of the spring 7.
  • the space around the sacrificial element 5 is limited by, for example, tubular parts 13 and 14 at least before the part 6 moves.
  • the temperature suddenly creates a high pressure within this limited space, which acts via the surfaces 15 and 16 as a supporting force on the movement of the contact part 6.
  • the closing time of the short circuiter can be shortened as a result.
  • the thermal energy of the sacrificial element 5 during its flow-side loading or that of the arc can be used to add additional gases, for example via the hard gas effect known per se, or else Generate triggering of gas generators, which further increase the pressure and thus the force on the movable switching part 6.
  • Additional exothermic reactions can also be used as a support, which contribute to an effective pressure increase even without permanent exposure to heat or arcing by the sacrificial element.
  • the second peg-shaped extension 100 can be surrounded by an insulating tube 13 made of gas-emitting material.
  • the tube made of gas-emitting material for example POM, can be mechanically reinforced by a further tube or a casing 14. With such a simple possibility of generating gas, the time until the short-circuiting device is closed can be reduced by approximately 30%.
  • the switching element 11 can be designed as a fast mechanical switch, as a spark gap, but also as a semiconductor switch.
  • the switching element 11 must be able, after its actuation, to conduct the current via the contacts of the components 6, 9 and 8 until the main path is closed.
  • the auxiliary path is interrupted by the use of a fuse 17 ( Fig. 1 ) possible.
  • the level of the cut-off voltage must be taken into account when selecting, for example, LV fuses.
  • the switching voltage loads, among other things the separation distance between modules 6, 8 and 9 even during the closing process.
  • the switching voltage of the fuse 17 can be suitably limited by an overvoltage protection element if necessary.
  • a parallel connection of a varistor is suitable here, for example.
  • the interruption of the current can also lead to a currentless break. If such a currentless break is undesirable, there is the possibility of realizing an auxiliary short circuit.
  • the auxiliary short circuit can be implemented in the simplest form, for example in the case of semiconductor switches, as an essentially pressure-resistant metallic housing 18 with a spark gap function. If the semiconductor as switching element 11 is overloaded, the spark gap is ignited passively or actively and carries the current until the contacts close.
  • an auxiliary short-circuiting device can also be activated immediately with or after triggering the movement of the movable contact part 6 and relieve the control path with the switching element 11.
  • Such a device can be connected directly to the function of an additional fuse element with limited switching capacity, but also directly to a fuse-like function of the sacrificial element 5.
  • Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment in this regard.
  • a further constriction 19 is integrated into the area of the control path, which has approximately the same melting integral value as the sacrificial element 5.
  • the melting in the area of the constriction 19 leads to an arc, which bridges an insulation path or destroys insulation. This enables a current to flow from the fixed connection 3 to the fixed connection 2 even before the metallic short circuit of the corresponding contact electrodes using the movable contact part 6.
  • the currentless pause which may result when the control path is switched off, is thereby reliably prevented even at high currents.
  • both short-circuiters with opposite orientation and electrical series connection of the control paths with the sacrificial element can be actuated simultaneously with only one switching element 11.
  • Fig. 4 shows a similar arrangement as already based on the Fig. 3 explained. However, according to Fig. 4 the melting integral value of the constriction, for example designed as wire 22, which lies in the activation circuit of the switching element 11, is very low.
  • the arc bridges the spark gap in area 23 and allows current to flow via the auxiliary conductor 21.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown allows an inexpensive, low-power design of the activation branch, including the switching element 11.
  • This circle is immediately relieved in area 23 after the ignition of the arc and can optionally be additionally protected with a small fuse 17.
  • the main short-circuiter is activated in two stages, but current flow through the short-circuiter is always guaranteed without interruption.
  • a supplementary possibility of increasing the current carrying capacity is to divide and divide the functions of the short-circuiting device by an arrangement with at least two contact areas.
  • Fig. 5 shows a related exemplary embodiment.
  • the contact 30 there is a common fixed contact for both movable contacts of the first and second stage.
  • the movable contact 31 of the first stage is held at a distance from the fixed contact 30 by a sacrificial element 32, which is pressurized by springs 33.
  • the sacrificial element 32 is insulated from the contact 30 and has an implemented connection contact 40 for actuation.
  • the first movable contact 31 is guided in a fixed contact 34 and connected to it via a cylindrical sliding surface.
  • the contact 34 has several openings 35 distributed all around, in which balls 36 or rollers with a somewhat larger diameter than the wall thickness of the fixed contact 34 are guided.
  • the second, movable contact 37 is also guided on the outer side of the fixed contact 34 via a sliding contact.
  • the contact 37 is in the form of a hollow cylinder and is provided with a flank which is supported on the balls or rollers 36.
  • the contact 37 is biased by springs 38.
  • the flank can pass directly into the conical area of the second movable contact 37, which results in a relatively steep cone for the contact area due to the desired force distribution.
  • the contact area thus has large, essentially lateral, i.e. radial contact surfaces.
  • the contact part 31 has a circumferential groove 39, which is arranged above the balls 36 in the tensioned state.
  • the balls 36 are displaced into the groove 39 as a result of the force of the springs 38 and the conical region 41 of the second movable contact 37 is released and moves into the conical groove 42 of the fixed contact 30, whereby both stages are closed.
  • the first movable contact 31 can also have a conical shape on the outer circumference side.
  • the balls 36 act as a blocking device against lifting the first stage.
  • This blocking function can be supported by a partially elastic mounting of regions of the contact 30.
  • the sacrificial element 32 keeps the movable contact piece 31 at a distance from the fixed electrode or the fixed contact 30 against the spring tension 33.
  • the sacrificial element 32 is characterized by a relatively small I 2 t value (40 40 kA 2 s), high tensile strength and high tensile strength, ie low elongation.
  • connection 44 When current flows at connection 44 via switch 45 and the insulated feedthrough to sacrificial element 32, it is melted or destructured.
  • the movable contact 31 is pressed under the force of the spring 33 onto the fixed contact 30.
  • the contact surfaces which in this case are also conical, are not pre-damaged by the arc which arises when the sacrificial element 32 melts.
  • a vent 47 can be provided in the bottom area of the cone, which is not used to enlarge the contact area since there is flank contact.
  • vents can also be present in the area of the second contact surfaces.
  • the second movable contact piece 37 is in turn fixed on the movable electrode or the movable contact 31 via balls 36 via a flank of the cone.
  • the force acting on the moving part 31 can be increased compared to the pure spring force 33.
  • the pressure effect of the arc resulting from the melting of the sacrificial element 32 can be increased by hard gas, for example the part 49. If only slow ventilation is realized from this area, this force effect can be maintained even after the contacts have closed, as a result of which the contact force is increased over this time range.
  • an additional auxiliary electrode can be used, which carries the potential of the contact 30.
  • the arc can switch to such an auxiliary contact 50 immediately after the ignition.
  • the switch 45 is relieved of a current flow even before the contacts 30 and 31 are closed.
  • This relief of the switch 45 can, however, also be followed by a power interruption by the switch 45 or a fuse 51 Reaching the I 2 t value of the sacrificial element 32 can be realized.
  • the solution without auxiliary contact 50 is sufficient, in particular, if a short currentless break is acceptable in the application due to the contacts' short closing time.
  • the short-circuiters according to the examples presented can, if required, be combined with mechanical, electrical, optical, but also other displays or telecommunication devices which indicate the activation, the current load on the activation path, the overloading of the sacrificial element, the start of the movement of the moving contact or the reaching are aligned or coordinated with a specific position of the moving contact.
  • Such sensors can simultaneously determine and display aging effects.
  • the minimum cross section of the movable contact part 6 according to the representations of the 1 to 4 150 mm 2 , preferably 240 mm 2, in the area of the insulation gap 10 after the closing for copper or aluminum.
  • the depth of penetration of the contact part 6 into the cone of part 2 is at least 3 mm and is preferably designed to be> 6 mm.
  • the weight of the contact part can be a maximum of 150 g, preferably 100 g.
  • the initial spring force of the spring 7 is> 800 N and is preferably approximately 1100 N.
  • the air gap between the contact electrodes 8; 9 is at least 3 mm, preferably> 5 mm.
  • Metals or graphite-based materials are preferably used as contact materials.
  • the material of the sacrificial element 5 or 32 has a high mechanical tensile strength with a small specific melt integral.
  • the sacrificial element is designed as a stainless steel screw or stainless steel bolt. Materials are particularly advantageous for the tensile load in which the current flows as a result of the heating before reaching the A strong softening occurs. This allows the response time and the closing time after activation to be shortened significantly, especially in the case of lower current steepness. Such a positive effect is known from some steels. In principle, however, materials with active geometry changes can also be used.
  • the cone in the area of the short-circuit contact has an angle of ⁇ 10 °, preferably ⁇ 3 °, as a result of which the deformation in the closing area and the reduction of the kinetic energy also sufficiently prevent the disadvantageous tendency to bounce, even with spring drives with high elasticity and low spring forces.
  • the impedance of the control path of the short-circuiting device including the switching element 11 is in the range ⁇ 10 mOhm, in particular ⁇ 5 mOhm.
  • the peak current carrying capacity of the individual short-circuiters is well above 200 kA and the short-term current carrying capacity is> 100 kA eff .
  • the continuous current carrying capacity is above 1000 A.
  • the closing time of the main path falls clearly below 2 ms solely due to the spring force with a separation distance of 6 mm.
  • the real closing times decrease to approximately 1 ms.
  • the closing time can be further reduced by reducing the mass of the movable contact part 6, a suitable reduction in the effective spring mass, centering and optimizing the force effect and a clean guidance of the contact part 6 in the idle and moving state be lowered.
  • the closing time can also be reduced by increasing the effective pressure areas and reducing the effective pressure volume, ie the space around the sacrificial element.
  • a first of the contacts can be optimized for speed and relatively low current carrying capacity and low tendency to bounce.
  • the second stage, ie the second pair of contacts closes without arcing and can have a high current carrying capacity can be set, with the closing time itself being subordinate.
  • the contact and stroke path design is possible independently of one another.
  • At least one of the two-stage embodiment can be locked, wherein the locking can be supported by an elastic mounting of a partial contact.
  • the elastic storage is referring to Fig. 6 can be realized by using a spring or a spring-elastic element 53 in the cone area 48.
  • a solution is assumed which combines the idea of the deformation of the first stage as an inner stage with an inverted sacrificial element with the two-stage in the sense of an outer stage.
  • the special shape of the sacrificial element together with additional auxiliary contact 50 and its insulated insertion 52/54 and the radially circumferential spring together with the hard gas discharge element 49 represent optional means.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destiné à être employé dans des installations à basse et à moyenne tension pour la protection des biens et des personnes, comprenant un élément de commutation (11) susceptible d'être actionné par un signal de déclenchement d'un dispositif de détection d'erreurs, deux électrodes de contact mutuellement opposées (8 ; 9) avec des moyens (2 ; 3) pour l'amenée de courant, ces électrodes pouvant être mises en contact avec un circuit électrique ayant des raccords à différents potentiels, comportant en outre dans l'une au moins des électrodes de contact (8) une partie de contact mobile (6) qui est sous précontrainte mécanique et qui, en cas de court-circuit, exécute un mouvement par rapport à l'autre électrode de contact (9) avec assistance d'une force due à un ressort, un élément sacrifié (5 ; 32) à titre d'écarteur entre les électrodes de contact (8 ; 9) ainsi qu'une connexion électrique entre l'élément sacrifié (5 ; 32) et l'élément de commutation (11) d'une part et l'une des électrodes de contact d'autre part, afin d'exécuter de façon ciblée une déformation ou destruction thermique de l'élément sacrifié (5 ; 32) provoquée par le passage d'un courant,
    dans lequel
    la partie de contact mobile (6) est réalisée sous forme de cylindre creux fermé sur un côté, et un ressort (7) est mis en place dans le cylindre creux pour générer la précontrainte, le cylindre creux est guidé de façon mobile dans une échancrure complémentaire dans la première électrode de contact (8) en formant un contact glissant,
    caractérisé en ce que
    au niveau du fond (16) du cylindre creux fermé, sa paroi se transforme en un cône (61) du côté de la périphérie extérieure, de plus un premier prolongement (62) en forme de tenon s'étend à l'intérieur du cylindre creux en partant du fond, prolongement à l'opposé duquel se situe un second prolongement (100) en forme de tenon isolé par rapport aux électrodes de contact (8 ; 9), l'élément sacrifié réalisé sous forme de goujon ou de vis (5 ; 32) étant disposé entre le premier et le second prolongement (62 ; 100) en forme de tenon, et une échancrure ayant un cône intérieur (81) est prévue dans la seconde électrode de contact (9), qui est adapté au cône extérieur (61) du contact mobile (6), les cônes extérieur et intérieur formant une zone de contact de court-circuit sans choc avec coopération de force et de forme due à l'apparition d'une déformation plastique.
  2. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    des ouvertures de ventilation (12 ; 92) reliées à la zone de l'échancrure à cône intérieur sont prévues dans la seconde électrode de contact (9) pour interdire une mise en pression due au mouvement de la partie de contact (6).
  3. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les ouvertures de ventilation (12 ; 92) sont refermées par un bouchon ou une valve qui se déplace sous l'action d'une pression.
  4. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la dimension de l'entrefer du contact glissant est < 0,2 mm.
  5. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'angle du cône respectif est dans la plage ≤ 3°.
  6. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les électrodes de contact (8 ; 9) sont réalisées à symétrie de révolution et sont maintenues à distance par un anneau de centrage (10) isolant.
  7. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la partie de contact mobile (6) se déplace à la manière d'un piston dans l'échancrure de la première électrode de contact (8), et l'énergie qui se dégage lors de la destruction de l'élément sacrifié (5 ; 32) et/ou l'énergie d'un arc électrique qui se forme agit avec effet d'accélération sur le fond (16) de la partie de contact mobile (6).
  8. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le second prolongement (100) en forme de tenon est entouré par un tube isolant (13) en matériau émetteur de gaz.
  9. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le tube isolant (13) est pourvu, en particulier entouré par une enveloppe métallique (14) qui le soutient.
  10. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un étranglement de courant (19 ; 22) est réalisé dans le trajet du courant vers l'élément sacrifié (32).
  11. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour augmenter la capacité de charge, il est prévu deux contacts mobiles (31 ; 37) disposés coaxialement et concentriquement.
  12. Dispositif de mise en court-circuit selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément sacrifié (32) est précontraint et sollicité en traction.
EP17728201.9A 2016-06-30 2017-06-07 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destiné à être utilisé dans des systèmes à basses et moyennes tensions pour la protection des biens et des personnes Active EP3479391B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17728201T PL3479391T3 (pl) 2016-06-30 2017-06-07 Urządzenie zwierające do stosowania w instalacjach nisko- i średnionapięciowych do zabezpieczania mienia i osób

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016008066 2016-06-30
DE102016115222.6A DE102016115222B4 (de) 2016-06-30 2016-08-17 Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
PCT/EP2017/063765 WO2018001686A1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2017-06-07 Dispositif de mise en court-circuit destiné à être utilisé dans des systèmes à basses et moyennes tensions pour la protection des biens et des personnes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3479391A1 EP3479391A1 (fr) 2019-05-08
EP3479391B1 true EP3479391B1 (fr) 2020-04-22

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Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US10529523B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3479391B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109690723B (fr)
AU (1) AU2017290406B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016115222B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK3479391T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3479391T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018001686A1 (fr)

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DE102018100076B3 (de) 2018-01-03 2019-06-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
DE102018111955B4 (de) 2018-01-31 2019-10-10 Dehn Se + Co Kg Einrichtung zum Erzeugen eines sicheren, niederohmigen elektrischen Kurzschlusses
EP3926653A1 (fr) * 2020-06-15 2021-12-22 ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG Système de réduction de rebond de contact

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US4241248A (en) * 1978-10-16 1980-12-23 S & C Electric Company Circuit interrupting device
US4527025A (en) * 1983-02-02 1985-07-02 Networks Electronic Corp. Miniature delay switch
SE9404455L (sv) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-23 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrisk kopplingsapparat
DE19746566A1 (de) 1997-10-22 1999-04-29 Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh Kurzschließer, insbesondere für eine Störlichtbogen-Schutzvorrichtung zur Verwendung in Anlagen zur Verteilung elektrischer Energie
DE102005048003B4 (de) 2005-08-04 2008-04-30 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
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DE102006051166A1 (de) * 2006-10-25 2008-04-30 Siemens Ag Abtrennanordnung und Verfahren zum Betätigen einer Abtrennanordnung
ES2529049T3 (es) * 2007-09-05 2015-02-16 Abb Technology Ag Conjunto de conmutador de baja tensión, media tensión o alta tensión que tiene un sistema de cortociruito
FR2953324B1 (fr) 2009-11-27 2012-06-08 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Interrupteur electrique a tiroir coulissant formant coupe-circuit ou commutateur
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DE202012001729U1 (de) 2012-02-20 2012-04-04 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Anordnung zum Anlagen- und Personenschutz im Niederspannungsbereich
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109690723B (zh) 2020-08-18
WO2018001686A1 (fr) 2018-01-04
PL3479391T3 (pl) 2020-11-16
DK3479391T3 (da) 2020-07-20
DE102016115222A1 (de) 2018-01-04
AU2017290406A1 (en) 2019-01-24
DE102016115222B4 (de) 2020-02-13
EP3479391A1 (fr) 2019-05-08
CN109690723A (zh) 2019-04-26
AU2017290406B2 (en) 2019-12-05
US10529523B2 (en) 2020-01-07
US20190252145A1 (en) 2019-08-15

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