EP1470633A1 - Circuit con u pour etre utilise dans une installation d'energie eolienne - Google Patents

Circuit con u pour etre utilise dans une installation d'energie eolienne

Info

Publication number
EP1470633A1
EP1470633A1 EP03704240A EP03704240A EP1470633A1 EP 1470633 A1 EP1470633 A1 EP 1470633A1 EP 03704240 A EP03704240 A EP 03704240A EP 03704240 A EP03704240 A EP 03704240A EP 1470633 A1 EP1470633 A1 EP 1470633A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
circuit arrangement
current
arrangement according
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP03704240A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lorenz Feddersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Original Assignee
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=27664545&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1470633(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE10206828A external-priority patent/DE10206828A1/de
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems AS filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority to EP09012812.5A priority Critical patent/EP2244372B1/fr
Publication of EP1470633A1 publication Critical patent/EP1470633A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/105—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for increasing the stability
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement, in particular for use in a wind power plant with variable speed, comprising a double-fed asynchronous generator, an additional resistor and a converter.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a circuit arrangement for use in wind turbines with an asynchronous machine, by means of which the increased demands on modern wind turbines, in particular with regard to grid stabilization, can be met.
  • a circuit arrangement in which the additional resistance can be regulated by means of a fast switch in such a way that the converter can be switched off at least partially temporarily in the event of a mains short circuit in order to temporarily take over the rotor current by means of the additional resistance, and after the rotor short-circuit current has subsided for the active coupling of a short-circuit current can be connected to the network again.
  • the increased network requirements during operation of the wind power plant equipped with an asynchronous generator for network stabilization can be optimally met, because in the event of a network short-circuit at the medium-voltage level, there is no disconnection from the network.
  • an additional resistor designed as a controllable load resistor or a crow bar, which is equipped with the additional resistor has been inserted in the rotor circuit, which absorbs the rotor short-circuit energy when the mains short-circuit occurs and is then switched off after the short-circuit current has decayed.
  • the load resistance is controlled by a switch that can be switched off, in particular, which is not a naturally commutated thyristor.
  • the existing rotor inverter of the four-quadrant converter is briefly deactivated immediately after the mains short-circuit occurs and after the short-circuit compensation process has subsided, the threshold value advantageously being below a rotor alternating current, and then feeds the current during the mains short-circuit and with recurring mains voltage required power in the network.
  • a modification of the present invention in which the circuit arrangement has a plurality of resistances which can be switched independently or independently of one another has proven to be particularly advantageous. This ensures that the high rotor short-circuit current, which often exceeds 1000 A, can be divided among several switches, as these switchable switches for the total current must be connected in parallel in a very complex manner.
  • a circuit arrangement with a two-point controller for regulating the additional resistor is also particularly advantageous because it enables a very simple, fast and robust regulation to be set up.
  • a further modification proves to be particularly expedient if the regulation of the active switch is carried out with pulse width modulation with a fixed clock frequency, because in this way digital regulation can take place with a fixed clock frequency.
  • capacitive current or inductive current is supplied to the short circuit in the event of a network short-circuit, because this allows the network to be optimally stabilized depending on the requirements of the network operator.
  • a capacitive current is usually desired in order to supply the inductive network consumers.
  • an additional impedance is briefly inserted in the stator circuit in order to limit the stator and rotor current.
  • the stator and rotor current can be limited with recurring mains voltage.
  • An embodiment is also particularly expedient in which a fast contactor is used in the stator circuit in parallel with the additional impedance, in order to bridge the additional impedance in normal operation and to generate no losses. Furthermore, it is particularly promising if at least one thyristor with natural commutation is used in the stator circuit in parallel with the resistor. This ensures that, compared to switches that can be switched off actively, there are reduced losses in normal operation and the costs are lower.
  • circuit arrangement can be designed in a particularly advantageous manner in such a way that a regulated resistor is operated on the intermediate circuit of the converter, because this saves some components in the crowbar and the regulation of the rotor inverter permanently measures the rotor phase current.
  • Another particularly expedient embodiment of the invention is also achieved if a regulated resistor is operated both in the crow bar and on the intermediate circuit of the converter. This ensures that power is divided and that smaller individual switches can be used. Towards the end of the balancing process of the rotor short-circuit current, the entire rotor current is taken over, and the control of the rotor inverter then measures the total phase current.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is also achieved when the rotor inverter is switched off when the mains voltage is recurring, the overcurrent is then taken over by the controllable resistor in order to actively take over the rotor current after the overcurrent has died down and the regulated resistor has been switched off. This avoids a possible shutdown or disconnection of the wind power installation in the case of a suddenly recurring mains voltage.
  • FIG. 4 shows a voltage and current-time curve with additional resistance
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • a switch V15 for example IGBT, GTO, IGCT
  • the crow bar is completely inactive.
  • the full rotor current flows into an inverter and is regulated by it. If a mains short-circuit occurs on the medium voltage, an asynchronous generator supplies a compensating short-circuit current for the short circuit due to the full excitation.
  • the current is only limited by the leakage inductances of the asynchronous generator and medium-voltage transformer, the maximum current reaching the following value:
  • Xtr is the total leakage impedance of the transformer, X1 the leakage impedance of the stator and X2 'the leakage impedance of the rotor.
  • the maximum stator current in the event of a short circuit at the medium voltage is of the order of up to 8 times the nominal stator current.
  • the rotor current is coupled to the stator current in a transformer and also reaches up to 8 times the nominal rotor current. This high compensation current cannot be conducted or absorbed by the converter in a technically sensible manner.
  • a rotor inverter is switched off due to the overcurrent.
  • the rotor current continues to flow via free-wheeling diodes of the rotor inverter and charges an intermediate circuit C3.
  • the voltage rises across a capacitor C10 in the crow bar.
  • the switch V15 is switched on.
  • a resistor R15 takes over the entire rectified rotor current, and the voltage across the capacitor C10 drops below the voltage limit, so that the switch V15 is switched off.
  • the voltage then rises again via the capacitor C10, due to the rotor current, and the switch V15 is switched on again.
  • the current change rate and thus the clock frequency are determined by L15.
  • the clock frequency is in the kHz range and cannot be achieved by natural commutation of thyristors, since the rotor frequency is a maximum of 15 Hz.
  • switch V15 is switched off completely and the rotor current commutates back into the converter.
  • the converter starts operation and control and actively feeds into the short circuit.
  • the grid inverter can be switched off while the adjustable resistor is active, but simultaneous operation is also possible.
  • a thyristor V10 is provided in the crow bar, which independently measures the voltage and is triggered by the switch V15 in the event of failure or in the event of a direct generator short circuit.
  • L10 prevents the current from rising too quickly in order not to destroy the thyristor V10.
  • D10 prevents a rapid discharge from a capacitor C10 through the switch V15.
  • Switch V15 can be regulated either directly in the crow bar or via the control card of the converter.
  • FIG. 2 A possible course of the short circuit is shown in FIG. 2, the dashed line representing the medium voltage and the solid line representing the mains voltage.
  • the short circuit occurs at the moment 0 msec. on.
  • the current immediately jumps to the maximum value and then decays due to the compensation process.
  • the high current is absorbed by the crow bar or resistance. If the rotor current falls below the nominal current, the current is again taken over and regulated by the converter.
  • the generator is overexcited and supplies capacitive reactive power to the grid during the short circuit.
  • inductive current can also be fed into the short circuit. The default can be chosen freely. Due to the voltage drop across the medium-voltage transformer, the mains voltage is approximately 20% of the nominal voltage.
  • the voltage does not suddenly rise to the nominal value, but via a dU / dt edge. Due to the slope of the recurring line voltage and the time constant of the generator, a dynamic overcurrent occurs in the stator and rotor. This overcurrent must be able to be supplied by the converter and does not lead to the rotor inverter being switched off. If the slope is too large or there is a phase error between the generator voltage and the recurring mains voltage, the dynamic overcurrent or compensation current becomes too high and the rotor inverter is switched off.
  • the adjustable resistor also takes over the compensating current for a short time and after falling below the nominal rotor current the resistor is switched off and the rotor inverter takes over its regulation again. During the voltage dip and with When the voltage returns, the controllable resistance is activated briefly. The rotor inverter is switched off during this time.
  • an additional impedance can be inserted into the stator circuit, for example by means of a resistor or a choke.
  • a resistor or a choke Such a system is shown in FIG. 3.
  • a K20 contactor is inserted between the medium-voltage transformer and the generator-converter system.
  • a resistor R20 is connected in parallel across the contactor K20. If the short circuit occurs, contactor K20 is opened and the stator current flows through resistor R20.
  • FIG. 4 shows the voltage-time curve with additional resistance.
  • the stator current is limited and decays faster than with the regulated crow bar.
  • the contactor must switch very quickly so that the resistor is active in the event of very short voltage dips.
  • An anti-parallel thyristor switch with natural commutation can also be used, which has a switch-off time of 6.7 msec, for example. at 50 Hz. This results in a fast switch, but has the disadvantage of high losses compared to the contactor solution.
  • the switch is after 10 msec. open. After the compensation process, the converter takes over the control. Due to the additional voltage drop across the resistor, the residual network voltage is higher than without additional impedance in the stator. With the recurring voltage, the additional resistance limits the dynamic stator current rise and allows higher voltage edges or lower overcurrents.
  • the freewheeling diodes of IGBT modules are not designed for very high pulse currents. Therefore, the components of the regulated resistor were placed in the crow bar.
  • a circuit arrangement with powerful free-wheeling diodes is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the switch V15 is coupled directly to the intermediate circuit of the converter and directly regulates the intermediate circuit voltage. This would simplify the entire structure. The additional standard crow bar is retained for extreme situations.
  • the additional resistance must be designed for all extreme situations.
  • the rotor inverters IGBTs are switched off and the rotor short-circuit current flows through the freewheeling diodes into the intermediate circuit. If a limit value is exceeded, the additional resistance is activated and the short-circuit energy is absorbed in the additional resistance. After the short-circuit current has subsided, the rotor inverter is reactivated and the set resistance is switched off.
  • the additional resistor can also be switched off first and the rotor inverter switched on. Simultaneous operation of the additional resistor and the rotor inverter is also possible.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit conçu en particulier pour être utilisé dans une installation d'énergie éolienne présentant une vitesse de rotation variable, et comprenant un générateur asynchrone à double alimentation (DASM), un protecteur à thyristor, une résistance supplémentaire (R15) et un convertisseur. L'objectif de l'invention est de répondre aux exigences de l'exploitant du réseau, à savoir garantir un couplage réseau durable de façon que, pendant et après un court-circuit du réseau moyenne tension, l'installation d'énergie éolienne puisse rétablir et stabiliser le réseau. A cet effet, la résistance supplémentaire est réglage au moyen d'un commutateur à action rapide de façon, que le convertisseur puisse être mis hors circuit de manière au moins partiellement temporaire en cas de court-circuit du réseau. Le courant rotor est alors momentanément pris en charge par la résistance supplémentaire et coupé après l'affaiblissement du courant de court-circuit du rotor, de façon que le convertisseur puisse ensuite être remis en circuit et fournir au réseau le courant de court-circuit actif souhaité.
EP03704240A 2002-01-29 2003-01-23 Circuit con u pour etre utilise dans une installation d'energie eolienne Ceased EP1470633A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09012812.5A EP2244372B1 (fr) 2002-01-29 2003-01-23 Dispositif de circuit pour une installation éolienne

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10203468 2002-01-29
DE10203468 2002-01-29
DE10206828A DE10206828A1 (de) 2002-01-29 2002-02-18 Schaltungsanordnung zum Einsatz bei einer Windenergieanlage
DE10206828 2002-02-18
PCT/DE2003/000172 WO2003065567A1 (fr) 2002-01-29 2003-01-23 Circuit conçu pour etre utilise dans une installation d'energie eolienne

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09012812.5A Division EP2244372B1 (fr) 2002-01-29 2003-01-23 Dispositif de circuit pour une installation éolienne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1470633A1 true EP1470633A1 (fr) 2004-10-27

Family

ID=27664545

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03704240A Ceased EP1470633A1 (fr) 2002-01-29 2003-01-23 Circuit con u pour etre utilise dans une installation d'energie eolienne

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7102247B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1470633A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005516577A (fr)
CN (1) CN100356683C (fr)
AU (1) AU2003206633B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2472144C (fr)
WO (1) WO2003065567A1 (fr)

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US7102247B2 (en) 2006-09-05
CA2472144C (fr) 2010-09-28
WO2003065567A1 (fr) 2003-08-07
CA2472144A1 (fr) 2003-08-07
AU2003206633B2 (en) 2006-11-02
CN1625831A (zh) 2005-06-08
JP2005516577A (ja) 2005-06-02
US20050116476A1 (en) 2005-06-02
CN100356683C (zh) 2007-12-19

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