WO2003065567A1 - Schaltungsanordnung zum einsatz bei einer windenergieanlage - Google Patents
Schaltungsanordnung zum einsatz bei einer windenergieanlage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003065567A1 WO2003065567A1 PCT/DE2003/000172 DE0300172W WO03065567A1 WO 2003065567 A1 WO2003065567 A1 WO 2003065567A1 DE 0300172 W DE0300172 W DE 0300172W WO 03065567 A1 WO03065567 A1 WO 03065567A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- circuit arrangement
- current
- arrangement according
- rotor
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XKBVRUZEZCXYTN-RXHKLUBKSA-N 4-[[(1r,2r,4as,5r,8as)-2-hydroxy-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-[(2e)-2-(2-oxofuran-3-ylidene)ethyl]-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2h-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy]-4-oxobutanoic acid;4-[[(1r,2r,4as,5r,8as)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-[(2e)-2-(2-oxo Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H]([C@]([C@H]2CCC1=C)(CO)C)OC(=O)CCC(O)=O)\C=C1/C=COC1=O.C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@H](O)[C@]([C@H]2CCC1=C)(COC(=O)CCC(O)=O)C)\C=C1/C=COC1=O XKBVRUZEZCXYTN-RXHKLUBKSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
- H02P9/105—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for increasing the stability
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement, in particular for use in a wind power plant with variable speed, comprising a double-fed asynchronous generator, an additional resistor and a converter.
- the invention has for its object to provide a circuit arrangement for use in wind turbines with an asynchronous machine, by means of which the increased demands on modern wind turbines, in particular with regard to grid stabilization, can be met.
- a circuit arrangement in which the additional resistance can be regulated by means of a fast switch in such a way that the converter can be switched off at least partially temporarily in the event of a mains short circuit in order to temporarily take over the rotor current by means of the additional resistance, and after the rotor short-circuit current has subsided for the active coupling of a short-circuit current can be connected to the network again.
- the increased network requirements during operation of the wind power plant equipped with an asynchronous generator for network stabilization can be optimally met, because in the event of a network short-circuit at the medium-voltage level, there is no disconnection from the network.
- an additional resistor designed as a controllable load resistor or a crow bar, which is equipped with the additional resistor has been inserted in the rotor circuit, which absorbs the rotor short-circuit energy when the mains short-circuit occurs and is then switched off after the short-circuit current has decayed.
- the load resistance is controlled by a switch that can be switched off, in particular, which is not a naturally commutated thyristor.
- the existing rotor inverter of the four-quadrant converter is briefly deactivated immediately after the mains short-circuit occurs and after the short-circuit compensation process has subsided, the threshold value advantageously being below a rotor alternating current, and then feeds the current during the mains short-circuit and with recurring mains voltage required power in the network.
- a modification of the present invention in which the circuit arrangement has a plurality of resistances which can be switched independently or independently of one another has proven to be particularly advantageous. This ensures that the high rotor short-circuit current, which often exceeds 1000 A, can be divided among several switches, as these switchable switches for the total current must be connected in parallel in a very complex manner.
- a circuit arrangement with a two-point controller for regulating the additional resistor is also particularly advantageous because it enables a very simple, fast and robust regulation to be set up.
- a further modification proves to be particularly expedient if the regulation of the active switch is carried out with pulse width modulation with a fixed clock frequency, because in this way digital regulation can take place with a fixed clock frequency.
- capacitive current or inductive current is supplied to the short circuit in the event of a network short-circuit, because this allows the network to be optimally stabilized depending on the requirements of the network operator.
- a capacitive current is usually desired in order to supply the inductive network consumers.
- an additional impedance is briefly inserted in the stator circuit in order to limit the stator and rotor current.
- the stator and rotor current can be limited with recurring mains voltage.
- An embodiment is also particularly expedient in which a fast contactor is used in the stator circuit in parallel with the additional impedance, in order to bridge the additional impedance in normal operation and to generate no losses. Furthermore, it is particularly promising if at least one thyristor with natural commutation is used in the stator circuit in parallel with the resistor. This ensures that, compared to switches that can be switched off actively, there are reduced losses in normal operation and the costs are lower.
- circuit arrangement can be designed in a particularly advantageous manner in such a way that a regulated resistor is operated on the intermediate circuit of the converter, because this saves some components in the crowbar and the regulation of the rotor inverter permanently measures the rotor phase current.
- Another particularly expedient embodiment of the invention is also achieved if a regulated resistor is operated both in the crow bar and on the intermediate circuit of the converter. This ensures that power is divided and that smaller individual switches can be used. Towards the end of the balancing process of the rotor short-circuit current, the entire rotor current is taken over, and the control of the rotor inverter then measures the total phase current.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is also achieved when the rotor inverter is switched off when the mains voltage is recurring, the overcurrent is then taken over by the controllable resistor in order to actively take over the rotor current after the overcurrent has died down and the regulated resistor has been switched off. This avoids a possible shutdown or disconnection of the wind power installation in the case of a suddenly recurring mains voltage.
- FIG. 4 shows a voltage and current-time curve with additional resistance
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention.
- a switch V15 for example IGBT, GTO, IGCT
- the crow bar is completely inactive.
- the full rotor current flows into an inverter and is regulated by it. If a mains short-circuit occurs on the medium voltage, an asynchronous generator supplies a compensating short-circuit current for the short circuit due to the full excitation.
- the current is only limited by the leakage inductances of the asynchronous generator and medium-voltage transformer, the maximum current reaching the following value:
- Xtr is the total leakage impedance of the transformer, X1 the leakage impedance of the stator and X2 'the leakage impedance of the rotor.
- the maximum stator current in the event of a short circuit at the medium voltage is of the order of up to 8 times the nominal stator current.
- the rotor current is coupled to the stator current in a transformer and also reaches up to 8 times the nominal rotor current. This high compensation current cannot be conducted or absorbed by the converter in a technically sensible manner.
- a rotor inverter is switched off due to the overcurrent.
- the rotor current continues to flow via free-wheeling diodes of the rotor inverter and charges an intermediate circuit C3.
- the voltage rises across a capacitor C10 in the crow bar.
- the switch V15 is switched on.
- a resistor R15 takes over the entire rectified rotor current, and the voltage across the capacitor C10 drops below the voltage limit, so that the switch V15 is switched off.
- the voltage then rises again via the capacitor C10, due to the rotor current, and the switch V15 is switched on again.
- the current change rate and thus the clock frequency are determined by L15.
- the clock frequency is in the kHz range and cannot be achieved by natural commutation of thyristors, since the rotor frequency is a maximum of 15 Hz.
- switch V15 is switched off completely and the rotor current commutates back into the converter.
- the converter starts operation and control and actively feeds into the short circuit.
- the grid inverter can be switched off while the adjustable resistor is active, but simultaneous operation is also possible.
- a thyristor V10 is provided in the crow bar, which independently measures the voltage and is triggered by the switch V15 in the event of failure or in the event of a direct generator short circuit.
- L10 prevents the current from rising too quickly in order not to destroy the thyristor V10.
- D10 prevents a rapid discharge from a capacitor C10 through the switch V15.
- Switch V15 can be regulated either directly in the crow bar or via the control card of the converter.
- FIG. 2 A possible course of the short circuit is shown in FIG. 2, the dashed line representing the medium voltage and the solid line representing the mains voltage.
- the short circuit occurs at the moment 0 msec. on.
- the current immediately jumps to the maximum value and then decays due to the compensation process.
- the high current is absorbed by the crow bar or resistance. If the rotor current falls below the nominal current, the current is again taken over and regulated by the converter.
- the generator is overexcited and supplies capacitive reactive power to the grid during the short circuit.
- inductive current can also be fed into the short circuit. The default can be chosen freely. Due to the voltage drop across the medium-voltage transformer, the mains voltage is approximately 20% of the nominal voltage.
- the voltage does not suddenly rise to the nominal value, but via a dU / dt edge. Due to the slope of the recurring line voltage and the time constant of the generator, a dynamic overcurrent occurs in the stator and rotor. This overcurrent must be able to be supplied by the converter and does not lead to the rotor inverter being switched off. If the slope is too large or there is a phase error between the generator voltage and the recurring mains voltage, the dynamic overcurrent or compensation current becomes too high and the rotor inverter is switched off.
- the adjustable resistor also takes over the compensating current for a short time and after falling below the nominal rotor current the resistor is switched off and the rotor inverter takes over its regulation again. During the voltage dip and with When the voltage returns, the controllable resistance is activated briefly. The rotor inverter is switched off during this time.
- an additional impedance can be inserted into the stator circuit, for example by means of a resistor or a choke.
- a resistor or a choke Such a system is shown in FIG. 3.
- a K20 contactor is inserted between the medium-voltage transformer and the generator-converter system.
- a resistor R20 is connected in parallel across the contactor K20. If the short circuit occurs, contactor K20 is opened and the stator current flows through resistor R20.
- FIG. 4 shows the voltage-time curve with additional resistance.
- the stator current is limited and decays faster than with the regulated crow bar.
- the contactor must switch very quickly so that the resistor is active in the event of very short voltage dips.
- An anti-parallel thyristor switch with natural commutation can also be used, which has a switch-off time of 6.7 msec, for example. at 50 Hz. This results in a fast switch, but has the disadvantage of high losses compared to the contactor solution.
- the switch is after 10 msec. open. After the compensation process, the converter takes over the control. Due to the additional voltage drop across the resistor, the residual network voltage is higher than without additional impedance in the stator. With the recurring voltage, the additional resistance limits the dynamic stator current rise and allows higher voltage edges or lower overcurrents.
- the freewheeling diodes of IGBT modules are not designed for very high pulse currents. Therefore, the components of the regulated resistor were placed in the crow bar.
- a circuit arrangement with powerful free-wheeling diodes is shown in FIG. 5.
- the switch V15 is coupled directly to the intermediate circuit of the converter and directly regulates the intermediate circuit voltage. This would simplify the entire structure. The additional standard crow bar is retained for extreme situations.
- the additional resistance must be designed for all extreme situations.
- the rotor inverters IGBTs are switched off and the rotor short-circuit current flows through the freewheeling diodes into the intermediate circuit. If a limit value is exceeded, the additional resistance is activated and the short-circuit energy is absorbed in the additional resistance. After the short-circuit current has subsided, the rotor inverter is reactivated and the set resistance is switched off.
- the additional resistor can also be switched off first and the rotor inverter switched on. Simultaneous operation of the additional resistor and the rotor inverter is also possible.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03704240A EP1470633A1 (de) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-23 | Schaltungsanordnung zum einsatz bei einer windenergieanlage |
JP2003565034A JP2005516577A (ja) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-23 | 風力エネルギーの設備に使用するための回路装置 |
CA2472144A CA2472144C (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-23 | Circuit arrangement for use in a wind energy installation |
AU2003206633A AU2003206633B2 (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-23 | Circuit to be used in a wind power plant |
US10/502,726 US7102247B2 (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-23 | Circuit arrangement and methods for use in a wind energy installation |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10203468.0 | 2002-01-29 | ||
DE10203468 | 2002-01-29 | ||
DE10206828A DE10206828A1 (de) | 2002-01-29 | 2002-02-18 | Schaltungsanordnung zum Einsatz bei einer Windenergieanlage |
DE10206828.3 | 2002-02-18 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09012812.5A Previously-Filed-Application EP2244372B1 (de) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-23 | Schaltungsanordnung zum Einsatz bei einer Windenergieanlage |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003065567A1 true WO2003065567A1 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
Family
ID=27664545
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/000172 WO2003065567A1 (de) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-23 | Schaltungsanordnung zum einsatz bei einer windenergieanlage |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7102247B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1470633A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005516577A (de) |
CN (1) | CN100356683C (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003206633B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2472144C (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003065567A1 (de) |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1557925A2 (de) | 2004-01-24 | 2005-07-27 | Semikron Elektronik GmbH Patentabteilung | Stromrichterschaltungsanordnung und zugehöriges Ansteuerverfahren für Generatoren mit dynamisch veränderlicher Leistungsabgabe |
US6954004B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2005-10-11 | Spellman High Voltage Electronics Corporation | Doubly fed induction machine |
EP1705793A2 (de) * | 2005-03-19 | 2006-09-27 | Alstom | Elektrische Anlage zur Abgabe von Energie an ein elektrisches Netz sowie Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
DE102005036317A1 (de) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | Aloys Wobben | Verlustleistungsmessung |
WO2007057480A1 (es) | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-24 | Ingeteam Technology, S.A. | Un sistema de control y protección ante faltas simétricas y asimétricas, para generadores de tipo asíncrono |
EP1819023A2 (de) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-08-15 | General Electric Company | Überschussenergiesystem und verfahren für Windenergieanlagen |
EP1863162A2 (de) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-05 | General Electric Company | Elektrische Redundanzbremse und Schutzsystem für elektrische Generatoren |
EP1883880A2 (de) * | 2005-05-24 | 2008-02-06 | Satcon Technology Corporation | Vorrichtung, system und verfahren zur bereitstellung eines niedrigspannungs-fehlerdurchlaufs für eine windgeneratorfarm |
EP1921738A2 (de) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-14 | REpower Systems AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines Umrichters, insbesondere für Windenergieanlagen |
ES2310432A1 (es) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-01-01 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Aparato de conversion para generador doblemente alimentado. |
US7525208B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2009-04-28 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind turbine during a disturbance in the grid |
WO2010045964A1 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-29 | Woodward Seg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Protection system of a doubly-fed induction machine |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7102247B2 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
CA2472144C (en) | 2010-09-28 |
CA2472144A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
AU2003206633B2 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
CN1625831A (zh) | 2005-06-08 |
JP2005516577A (ja) | 2005-06-02 |
US20050116476A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
CN100356683C (zh) | 2007-12-19 |
EP1470633A1 (de) | 2004-10-27 |
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