EP1466343B1 - Elektronenröhre mit einer vereinfachten kollektoranordnung - Google Patents

Elektronenröhre mit einer vereinfachten kollektoranordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1466343B1
EP1466343B1 EP02805362A EP02805362A EP1466343B1 EP 1466343 B1 EP1466343 B1 EP 1466343B1 EP 02805362 A EP02805362 A EP 02805362A EP 02805362 A EP02805362 A EP 02805362A EP 1466343 B1 EP1466343 B1 EP 1466343B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
collector
electron beam
electron
cathode
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02805362A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1466343A2 (de
Inventor
Pierre Thales Intellectual Property Nugues
Jean-Paul Thales Intellectual Property Nesa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1466343A2 publication Critical patent/EP1466343A2/de
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Publication of EP1466343B1 publication Critical patent/EP1466343B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H01J23/0275—Multistage collectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to amplifiers electronic tubes operating at microwave. It applies more particularly to traveling wave tubes (TWT) also called TWT (English Traveling Wave Tube), and it is therefore about such a tube that it will be described.
  • TWT traveling wave tubes
  • Such tubes serve, for example, for the transmission of telecommunication signals between the earth and the satellites. They also serve as power transmitters in radars.
  • a TOP is a vacuum tube using the principle of the interaction between an electron beam and a microwave electromagnetic wave, to transmit a portion of the energy contained in the beam of the microwave beam to the microwave wave. electrons, so as to obtain at the outlet of the tube a microwave wave of energy greater than that of the wave injected at the inlet of the tube.
  • the figure 1 recalls the general principle of a TOP.
  • the represented TOP is a helical TOP, but other types of TOPs such as coupled cavity TOPs, meandered folded TOPs, etc., are equally concerned with the invention.
  • the TOPs comprise an elongate tubular sleeve 10 in which the vacuum is made, with at one end an electron gun 11 emitting an electron beam 12 and, at a second end, a collector 14; the collector collects the electrons that have given up some of their initial energy to the electromagnetic wave that we want to amplify.
  • the electron beam 12 is substantially cylindrical over almost the entire length of the tube between the barrel 11 and the collector 14 along an axis 15. This cylindrical beam shape is obtained firstly thanks to the shape of a cathode 16 electron gun 11 (convergent cathode-shaped bowl), and secondly by means of magnetic focusing means provided over the entire length of the sleeve 10 between the output of the electron gun 11 and the inlet of the collector 14.
  • these focusing means comprise, for example, annular permanent magnets 18 magnetized axially and alternating magnetization from one magnet to the next; these magnets surround the sheath 10 and are separated from each other by pole pieces 20 with high magnetic permeability.
  • the electron beam 12 passes inside a helical conductive structure 22 along which the microwave electromagnetic wave to be amplified circulates; the amplification of microwave energy occurs by interaction between this wave and. the electron beam 12 passing in the center thereof.
  • the helix serves to slow down the microwave wave so that its speed along the axis of the electron beam 12 is substantially equal to that of the electron beam 12.
  • a power amplifying signal Pe is injected at one end of the helical conductive structure 22 through a plug and a window 24 inside the sleeve 10.
  • An amplified power signal Ps is extracted at another end of the helical conductive structure 22 through a plug and a window 26.
  • V o represents a voltage between the cathode 16 and the collector 14 and I o represents the current flowing in the cathode 16.
  • the efficiency ⁇ is generally of the order of 20 to 30%.
  • the interaction efficiency ⁇ i characterizes the part of the energy of the electron beam 12 converted into microwave energy in the amplified signal.
  • the remaining energy, (1 - ⁇ i) V o x I o in the electron beam 12 after passing inside the helical conductive structure 22 is then dissipated in the collector 14 where the electrons of the beam 12 bombard the walls of the collector 14 and transform their kinetic energy into heat.
  • This heat is then evacuated outside the electron tube by conduction, convection or radiation.
  • the electron tube generally comprises at the level of the collector 14, a radiator not shown on FIG. figure 1 . This radiator is for example cooled by circulation of a liquid or gaseous fluid.
  • part of the current I o coming from the cathode 16, circulates in the helical conductive structure 22 as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the collector 14 is connected to the positive pole 28 of a DC voltage source 30.
  • the helical conductive structure is also connected to the positive pole 28.
  • the negative pole 32 of the DC voltage source 30 is connected to the cathode 16.
  • the electron beam 12 develops between the cathode 16 and the collector 14.
  • a current of 1A is obtained from the cathode 16 in the electron beam 12 and a power Ps of 2 kW at the output of the helical conductive structure 22.
  • the return current between the collector 14 and the pole 28 is 0.99 A and the current between the conductive structure helix 22 and the pole 28 is 0.01.
  • a first DC voltage source 34 for example 10 kV
  • a second DC voltage source 36 whose voltage is lower than that of the first voltage source, for example 6 kV is connected between the collector 14 and the cathode 16.
  • the collector 14 comprises several electrodes carried at different potentials. These different electrodes are intended to slow the electrons before they hit the walls of the electrodes. Thus the heat dissipated in the collector 14 is less and the efficiency ⁇ increases.
  • FIG. 4 An example of such a collector is shown at figure 4 .
  • the DC voltage source 34 of 10 kV is connected between the conductive helical structure 22 and the cathode 16.
  • a current of 0.1 A flows in the voltage source 34.
  • a DC voltage source 38 for example 6 kV, is connected between a first electrode 40 and the cathode 16. A current of 0.4 A flows in the voltage source 38.
  • a DC voltage source 42 for example 4 kV is connected between a second electrode 44 and the cathode 16. A current of 0.48 A flows in the voltage source 42.
  • a last voltage source 46 for example 1 kV is connected between a third electrode 48 and the cathode 16. A current of 0.01 A flows in the voltage source 46.
  • This collector structure 14 comprising several electrodes is called depressed collector. It is understood that the number of electrodes as well as the numerical values of currents, voltages and powers are only given by way of example and that the invention is not limited to these examples.
  • the kinetic energy of the electrons that bombard it is still significant and creates heat that it is necessary to evacuate.
  • the position at the end of the electron tube of the electrode 48 increases the difficulties in evacuating the heat generated by the electronic bombardment. Indeed, this position at the end of the tube is generally used to place means making it possible to create the vacuum inside the electron tube, which is necessary for setting up the electron beam 12.
  • To evacuate the heat generated at the level of the electrode 48 it is necessary to ensure thermal transfer to cooling means located in the immediate vicinity of the electrodes 40 and 44 on the side walls of the electron tube.
  • the document US 4,398,122 describes an electron tube in which a pump tube opens into the tube in the axis of the electron beam.
  • a magnet is placed near the exhaust pipe and allows the beam to be deflected to bring it to the last electrode e4 so as not to enter the exhaust pipe.
  • the document GB 919,767 describes an electron tube in which the end of a jet forms a tip to deflect the beam striking it to a chamber 14 to avoid refocusing in the beam axis.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the problem described above and to simplify the embodiments described in the cited documents by directly using the means for evacuating the electron tube to push a portion of the electron beam 12 towards the other electrodes. 40 and 44 and not in the main direction of the beam materialized by the axis 15 on the figure 1 .
  • the subject of the invention is an electron tube according to claim 1.
  • the pumping tube opens, inside the tube, along the axis of the electron beam. This simplifies the completion of the end of the tube.
  • the figure 5 partially represents an embodiment of an electron tube embodying the invention.
  • This tube comprises the tubular sheath 10 inside which the vacuum is provided by a pump tube 50, one end of which, open, penetrates inside the sheath 10.
  • the other end of the pump tube is not represented on the figure 5 and is connected to a vacuum pump during manufacturing operations of the electron tube.
  • the pump tube 50 is closed, for example by pinching it until cold hermetic sealing of the walls of the pump tube is obtained.
  • the electron tube comprises an electron gun 11 (not shown in the figure) emitting the electron beam 12 inside the tube and a collector 14 directly collecting a first portion of the electron beam 12.
  • least one electrode It comprises three electrodes 54, 56 and 58 in the example shown.
  • the three electrodes 54, 56 and 58 are of revolution about the axis 15 along which mainly moves the electron beam 12.
  • Each electrode 54, 56 and 58 has a cylindrical portion, respectively 60, 62 and 64, fixed inside the cylindrical sleeve 10.
  • the sleeve 10 is also made around the axis 15.
  • the sleeve 10 is for example made of ceramic and has metallized portions 66, 68 and 70 respectively receiving the electrodes 54, 56 and 58 .
  • the electrodes are for example made of copper and their cylindrical portions 60, 62 and 64 are brazed respectively on the metallized portions 66, 68 and 70 of the sleeve 10. Between these metallized parts, the sleeve 10 comprises grooves 72 and 74 ensuring the isolation between the three electrodes 54, 56 and 58.
  • the electrodes 54, 56 and 58 are each each connected to a voltage source via connection means 76, 78 and 80, respectively.
  • the three electrodes are drilled along the axis 15 of orifices, respectively 88, 90 and 92 passing the electron beam 12 at least in part.
  • One end 81 of the sleeve 10 is closed by a cover 82 mechanically connected to the sleeve 10 with sufficient elasticity to withstand any thermal stresses.
  • This elastic connection between the sheath 10 and the cover 82 is for example provided by means of a collar 84.
  • the cover 82 is of revolution about the axis 15. Its center is pierced so that the pump 50 penetrates inside the electron tube.
  • the pumping tube is electrically connected to a voltage source (not shown in the figure) via connection means 86. The voltage thus delivered to the pumping tube 52 is close to that of the cathode 16 belonging to the barrel. electrons 11.
  • the pump tube 50 When a portion of the electron beam 12 is not collected by one of the three electrodes 54, 56 or 58, the pump tube 50 directly pushes, without an intermediate, this portion of the electron beam 12 towards the collector 14 and more particularly to the electrode 58.
  • the pumping tube 50 has the shape of a pipe whose end 52, located inside the electron tube, is open. Indeed, the pump tube 50 pushes the portion of the electron beam 12 arriving in its vicinity. It can remain open in the direction of the axis 15 because no (or very little) electron enters the pumping tube 50. There is therefore no risk of increasing the temperature of the pumping tube 50 due to an electronic bombardment.
  • the end 52 of the pumping tube 50 has an asymmetrical shape with respect to the axis 15.
  • This shape is for example obtained by beveling the end 52.
  • the bevel thus formed is a section of the end 52 by a plane not perpendicular to the axis 15.
  • This asymmetrical shape allows the electrons arriving on the pump nozzle 50 along the axis 15, to be pushed along an axis distinct from the axis 15 and thus reach one of the electrodes, in particular the electrode 58.
  • the bevel cut of the end 52 is very simple to perform, for example by cutting off the pump tube 50.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Elektronenröhre, die Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine Pumpspitze (50), mit der ein Vakuum in der Röhre erzeugt werden kann,
    - eine Elektronenkanone (11), die einen Elektronenstrahl (12) in der Röhre emittiert,
    - einen Kollektor (14), der einen ersten Teil des Elektronenstrahl (12) direkt sammelt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpspitze (50) einen zweiten Teil des Elektronenstrahls (12) direkt in Richtung Kollektor (14) zurückstößt, wobei die Pumpspitze (50) von einem Röhrenstutzen gebildet wird, von dem ein Ende (52), das sich in der Elektronenröhre befindet, in einer Hauptrichtung (15) des Elektronenstrahls (12) offen ist, wobei die Elektronenkanone (11) eine Kathode (16) umfasst, die die Elektronen (12) emittiert, und die Pumpspitze (50) an eine Potentialquelle angeschlossen ist, die eine Spannung an die Pumpspitze (50) anlegt, die nahe an der Spannung der Kathode (16) liegt.
  2. Elektronenröhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende (52) der Pumpspitze (50) eine asymmetrische Form in Bezug auf die Hauptrichtung (15) des Elektronenstrahls (12) hat.
  3. Elektronenröhre nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende (52) der Spitze (50) abgefast ist.
EP02805362A 2001-12-14 2002-12-10 Elektronenröhre mit einer vereinfachten kollektoranordnung Expired - Lifetime EP1466343B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0116242 2001-12-14
FR0116242A FR2833748B1 (fr) 2001-12-14 2001-12-14 Tube electronique a collecteur simplifie
PCT/FR2002/004265 WO2003054899A2 (fr) 2001-12-14 2002-12-10 Tube electronique a collecteur fourni d’un queusot de pompage axial

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1466343A2 EP1466343A2 (de) 2004-10-13
EP1466343B1 true EP1466343B1 (de) 2012-01-18

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EP02805362A Expired - Lifetime EP1466343B1 (de) 2001-12-14 2002-12-10 Elektronenröhre mit einer vereinfachten kollektoranordnung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6984940B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1466343B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2833748B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2003054899A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107610992B (zh) * 2017-08-15 2023-10-13 成都国光电气股份有限公司 双向射频信号放大行波管
CN107316792B (zh) * 2017-08-15 2023-07-07 成都国光电气股份有限公司 电子收发器
RU2731297C1 (ru) * 2020-01-28 2020-09-02 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Исток" имени А.И. Шокина" (АО "НПП "Исток" им. Шокина") Сверхвысокочастотное циклотронное защитное устройство

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB919767A (en) * 1960-03-17 1963-02-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron beam tubes
US4096409A (en) * 1976-10-04 1978-06-20 Litton Systems, Inc. Multistage depressed collector
FR2480497A1 (fr) * 1980-04-15 1981-10-16 Thomson Csf Collecteur deprime a plusieurs etages pour tube hyperfrequence et tube hyperfrequence comportant un tel collecteur
US6380803B2 (en) * 1993-09-03 2002-04-30 Litton Systems, Inc. Linear amplifier having discrete resonant circuit elements and providing near-constant efficiency across a wide range of output power
JP2790118B2 (ja) * 1996-04-25 1998-08-27 日本電気株式会社 マイクロ波管
GB0002523D0 (en) * 2000-02-04 2000-03-29 Marconi Applied Technologies Collector
US6617791B2 (en) * 2001-05-31 2003-09-09 L-3 Communications Corporation Inductive output tube with multi-staged depressed collector having improved efficiency

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20050067965A1 (en) 2005-03-31
FR2833748A1 (fr) 2003-06-20
FR2833748B1 (fr) 2004-04-02
US6984940B2 (en) 2006-01-10
EP1466343A2 (de) 2004-10-13
WO2003054899A2 (fr) 2003-07-03
WO2003054899A3 (fr) 2004-04-22

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