EP1449763B1 - Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs - Google Patents

Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1449763B1
EP1449763B1 EP03358019A EP03358019A EP1449763B1 EP 1449763 B1 EP1449763 B1 EP 1449763B1 EP 03358019 A EP03358019 A EP 03358019A EP 03358019 A EP03358019 A EP 03358019A EP 1449763 B1 EP1449763 B1 EP 1449763B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reservoir
shuttle
cable
tank
effluent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03358019A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1449763A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Baylot
Pierre Becker
Didier Sangouard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saipem SA
Geocean SAS
Original Assignee
Saipem SA
Geocean SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saipem SA, Geocean SAS filed Critical Saipem SA
Priority to EP03358019A priority Critical patent/EP1449763B1/de
Priority to PCT/FR2004/000742 priority patent/WO2004087495A2/fr
Priority to ES04742350T priority patent/ES2280032T3/es
Priority to DE602004004382T priority patent/DE602004004382D1/de
Priority to US10/550,263 priority patent/US20070089656A1/en
Priority to EP04742350A priority patent/EP1606160B1/de
Publication of EP1449763A1 publication Critical patent/EP1449763A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1449763B1 publication Critical patent/EP1449763B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/08—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of winches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C7/00—Salvaging of disabled, stranded, or sunken vessels; Salvaging of vessel parts or furnishings, e.g. of safes; Salvaging of other underwater objects
    • B63C7/006—Emptying the contents of sunken, stranded, or disabled vessels, e.g. by engaging the vessel; Underwater collecting of buoyant contents, such as liquid, particulate or gaseous contents, escaping from sunken vessels, e.g. using funnels, or tents for recovery of escaping hydrocarbons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/0122—Collecting oil or the like from a submerged leakage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B2015/005—Tent-like structures for dealing with pollutant emissions below the water surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a recovery method and installation of effluents at sea and more particularly polluting effluents contained in a ship sunken and damaged lying at the bottom of the sea.
  • the ship When the tankers sank, the ship sank in general after being deeply damaged and having lost some of his cargo.
  • the depth of water is important, for example 100 or 200 meters, the recovery of the wreck or its refloating, is not generally considered, but the hull must be completely emptied and rinsed, so that the corrosion of the structure in the time, creating localized or generalized holes, does not lead to the release of the contents of the ship, creating pollution that may last for years or even years. decades.
  • the implementation of said means for positioning, during successive descents and ascents of said receptacle represents a very long operation and relatively difficult to achieve at great depth.
  • the pumping, through a so-called evacuation pipe is not possible for such depth, especially when the effluent has a high viscosity and tends to freeze paraffin form.
  • the viscous effluent has tendency to freeze, making pumping very difficult.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and an installation to recover the contents of the bunkers of a ship, for example a tanker, resting on the seabed, in deep water depths, especially greater than 3000 meters, or even 4000 to 5000 meters, and which do not have the disadvantages of previous methods and devices and, in particular, which are more reliable technically, easier and easier to implement.
  • said tank is filled with seawater before descending it to the bottom of the sea in deployed configuration filled with seawater.
  • seawater will be replaced by said effluents when filling said reservoir with effluents.
  • Said rigid bottom of the reservoir may consist of a solid bottom comprising preferably a second port equipped with a second valve, where said rigid bottom may be constituted by an open frame, preferably annular, delimiting a said lower orifice main tank.
  • the lower orifice may correspond to said second valve installed in the bottom tank or at the openings of the peripheral envelope and, where appropriate, said additional flexible internal pocket delimited by said open frame to which they are connected.
  • Said dome with its profile in particular in the form of a shell in vertical section, associated with said buoyancy elements facilitates the recovery to the surface of the tank shuttle once full, using the only clean buoyancy of the oil and where appropriate additional buoyancy elements.
  • shell profile a profile in the form of an ellipsoid or paraboloid well known to those skilled in the art.
  • said buoyancy elements of said shuttle tank are incorporated within said dome, said buoyancy elements preferably consisting of in syntactic foam.
  • said buoyancy elements are integrated with the interior of said dome in its upper part, so that the center of buoyancy of said shuttle tank filled with effluent is shifted upward relative to its center of apparent gravity in the water.
  • said shuttle tank is maintained at proximity of said effluent evacuation device by means of anchoring means, comprising at least one anchor cable connecting at least one first fixed attachment point in the lower part of the tank, near said bottom of the tank, preferably on the periphery of said bottom of the shuttle reservoir and at least a second point of attachment on the sunken vessel, or the seabed, for anchoring said shuttle tank on said sunken ship or on the bottom of the sea.
  • anchoring means comprising at least one anchor cable connecting at least one first fixed attachment point in the lower part of the tank, near said bottom of the tank, preferably on the periphery of said bottom of the shuttle reservoir and at least a second point of attachment on the sunken vessel, or the seabed, for anchoring said shuttle tank on said sunken ship or on the bottom of the sea.
  • Said buoyancy elements associated with said shuttle tank ensure the tensioning of said cables, thus making it possible to maintain said shuttle tank in suspension near and vertically said opening of the shell and / or tank and, the where appropriate, in cooperation with said evacuation device.
  • These anchoring means can be easily implemented using a submarine vehicle ordered at distance (ROV).
  • step 3 of raising of the shuttle tank one carries out a step of automatic disconnection of said anchoring means which is realized automatically when the shuttle tank has reached a fill rate predetermined, especially when the tank is full or almost full.
  • At least one said anchor cable cooperates with a first automatic disconnection device on which a traction corresponding to the Archimedes thrust acting on said shuttle tank and its cargo, traction transmitted by said anchoring cable, said disconnecting device having the effect of cause disconnection of said anchor cable by disconnection of said cable anchoring with said tank or with said vessel at the bottom of the sea or by breaking the said anchoring cable, and to allow at least partial reassembly of said shuttle tank, when this traction reaches a first determined threshold value, preferably when said shuttle tank is filled with effluents.
  • Disconnection of the cable can be done also at its end anchored on said shell or said tank, allowing a release only partial allowing a rise of a limited distance from the shuttle tank , in particular of sufficient height to warn that the filling of the tank has reached the desired filling ratio corresponding to the said threshold value of traction.
  • said first determined threshold value corresponds to the buoyancy of Archimedes on the tank when it is filled with a predetermined quantity of effluents and, especially preferably when it is completely filled with effluents.
  • said first device automatic disconnection comprises a connecting device preferably comprising a shear pin, and said connecting device provides the connection between two portions of said anchoring cable, and breaks when a traction corresponding to said predetermined threshold value, is exerted on one of the two portions of said anchoring cable.
  • said first device for automatic disconnection comprises a connecting device, preferably comprising a shear pin, and said connecting device provides the connection between said cable anchor and a first point of attachment on the ship, said disconnection consisting of a breaking of the connection between said anchor cable and said first anchor point, then a partial release of said cable, and finally a new connection between said anchor cable and a second said point of attachment on the ship situated higher than the said first point thus allowing a rise of a distance limited to the distance between the two said attachment points on the ship when a traction corresponding to said threshold value is exerted on said anchor cable at said first attachment point on the ship.
  • the speed of descent or raising of said shuttle tank with a stabilizing device comprising at least a second cable or connecting chain, extending from the surface, preferably from a surface ship, to a lower part of the tank to which her end is connected, said second cable or said link chain having a portion lower weighted, preferably by blocks arranged in a string along said second cable or larger heavy links of said chain, so that the weight of the length of said lower portion of said cable or pendant chain below said shuttle tank, can be adjusted from the surface, preferably using a winch on board a vessel on the surface and on which the upper end of the cable or chain is unrolled or rolled, so as to control the speed of descent or respectively lift said shuttle tank.
  • This embodiment is very advantageous because it makes it possible to control mainly the speed of ascent of the shuttle by simply controlling the speed winding the cable or chain on the winch surface. This allows especially to interrupt the recovery of the shuttle tank if the sea is too bad and, in particular, if the swell is too strong on the surface, making it impossible to transfer the tank on board the ship on the surface.
  • said blocks of said second cable or large heavy links of said link chain, in said lower portion of said second cable or chain have a shape such that when one curves said cable or said chain, two blocks adjacent or two adjacent heavy links abut against each other limiting and the local radius of curvature (Ro) of said cable or said chain.
  • This embodiment is advantageous because it makes it possible to avoid that the lateral wall of the tank does not hit the chain or connecting cable during operations.
  • said shuttle reservoir comprises an additional internal pocket in which the said effluents are recovered, preferably consisting of mesh, able to confine said viscous effluent, said pocket having a opening adapted to cooperate, by reversible connection, with said main opening of the bottom allowing the filling of the shuttle tank.
  • This embodiment with an internal pocket makes it easier to empty the shuttle tank when it has arrived at its destination at the disposal site and allows to recover the flexible envelope constituting the peripheral wall of the envelope for a new round trip.
  • a first closure device allows the automatic closure of said first valve installed in an opening of the shell or tank when said first automatic disconnection device allows at least partial reassembly of said tank.
  • this closure of said first valve occurs before the closing of the tank, which can be operated by an operator, especially with an ROV or trigger automatically.
  • the closure of said first valve by said first closing device automatically triggers closure of said lower opening of the shuttle tank, preferably by said ascent of said tank a distance corresponding where appropriate to the height between the two so-called attachment points on the ship, allowing said partial ascent.
  • closing said lower orifice of said tank is made using a second closure device comprising a cable closure forming a loop surrounding the lower end of said flexible envelope and if necessary of said internal pocket and allowing the tightening of the loop when a traction is exerted on said closure cable, preferably through a slip knot.
  • said first closure device of said first valve comprises a control cable connected at one end to a said second tank closing device and at its other end to a control means closing of said first valve, and said control cable corresponds to preferably said tank closing cable forming a said loop at one end, and said control cable cooperates with a second disconnecting device automatic, the latter to separate said control cable from the said tank, said shell or said tank or to cause the rupture of said control cable after closing said first valve and closing the lower main port of the tank.
  • said disconnection of said control cable occurs when the traction exerted on said control cable at said second device of disconnection reaches a second determined threshold value greater than the value necessary to actuate said control means of closing the said first valve added to that needed to close the tank.
  • a said first automatic disconnection device cooperates with a said anchor cable and a second said disconnecting device automatic cooperates with a said cable closing the reservoir in a coordinated manner such that said closing cable controls the closing of said first valve and the automatic closure of said tank by raising said tank full after said first automatic disconnection of said anchor cable, and said second disconnection of said closure cable allows the complete release and recovery in surface of the shuttle tank.
  • said device for evacuating Effluent is installed through an opening in the shell and / or the tank.
  • the shuttle tank is handled by the ROV and is installed directly on the wreck by cooperating the lower orifice of said tank shuttle and the opening created in the hull, in a sealed manner, the various elements, as well that the locking means of said elements being able to withstand the forces created by the global buoyancy of the shuttle tank full of oil, as well as all forces due to the marine currents.
  • said rigid bottom of the reservoir is advantageously constituted by an open cade, preferably annular, delimiting a said lower main port.
  • said open frame is part of a lower rigid structure frustoconical, a said closing cable of said tank surrounding said flexible envelope and where appropriate, said internal pocket cooperating with said structure less than one where it has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the running part of the cylindrical peripheral wall of a said shuttle tank.
  • said shuttle tank comprises at the level of from its bottom solid at least a second orifice equipped with a second valve.
  • This complementary orifice makes it possible to fill seawater with said shuttle tank, once it is secured so as to cooperate with said evacuation device and thus allowing said shuttle tank to pass from its said configuration picked up to its said deployed configuration and subsequently allowing the evacuation of seawater during filling said shuttle tank with said effluent flowing from said device discharge.
  • said evacuation device cooperates with with an upper orifice of a receptacle, said receptacle comprising a lower orifice positioned near and vertically at least one installed second pipe in a said opening in the shell and / or tank so as to recover said polluting effluents flowing from said opening by raising them in said orifice lower of said receptacle.
  • This second embodiment makes it possible to recover flowing effluents, in particular several openings in said shell.
  • said reservoir shuttle includes a rigid bottom full and includes at the level of its said bottom, a second orifice equipped with a second valve.
  • a receptacle such as described in FR 2 804 935.
  • the evacuation device may be installed on an existing opening or pre-drilled opening specially for introducing the evacuation device.
  • the evacuation device is placed in the upper part of the tank to facilitate the installation of the receptacle above the end of the pipe.
  • the use of a pipe allows, if necessary, to install the device on the side walls of the tank to the extent that said pipe can be cleared from the side wall according to the shape that is made to adopt.
  • the skirt peripheral around the lower hole allows to cap, that is to say to cover completely the said end of the pipe from above and to the sides, from in this way, the effluents rise well towards the open inner orifice and can escape.
  • Said receptacle is kept in suspension near the vertical of the opening through which the effluents flow so as to overcome the geometry of the ship and not be dependent on any instability of the vessel.
  • All the devices described in the present invention allow the recovery of immiscible or immiscible with seawater and whose density is less than 1 with respect to said seawater.
  • the technology is particularly applicable to hydrocarbons whose density varies from 0.75 for the lightest, to values close to 1 for the heaviest.
  • the present invention also relates to the installation useful in a method of recovery of polluting effluents contained in the tanks of a sunken vessel and / or damaged at the bottom of the sea according to the invention, characterized in that comprises a said shuttle reservoir as defined above and, preferably, said anchoring means, as defined above.
  • said installation comprises installing a said device stabilization comprising at least one said second cable or link chain.
  • said installation comprises a said first device of closing and a said first disconnecting device, and if necessary a said second closing device of the tank.
  • said installation comprises a said receptacle and if appropriate, said anchoring means and said means for positioning and said tensioning means.
  • FIG 1 there is shown the hull of a wreck or a wall of tank 6 resting on the bottom of the sea 7 filled with hydrocarbon 1 whose density is less than seawater.
  • the said hydrocarbon is confined in the top of the tank or wreck 6, the lower part is, for its part, filled with water
  • the vessel usually has multiple closed openings hermetically at the deck, leakage may occur as soon as this tightness would be degraded by the deformation or breakage of the hull during the sinking.
  • an evacuation device 6 1 -6 4 of the effluents comprising a pipe 6 4 equipped with a first valve 6 1 and a pipe 6 2 equipped with its end of a connecting flange 6 3 on which is connected a corresponding flange 5 3 integral with a shuttle reservoir 2, at its lower part.
  • an evacuation device 6 1 -6 4 effluents is for example according to the so-called "hot tap” technique, that is to say the hot stitching or charging.
  • This technique is to fix directly on the outside of the tank, for example by welding, a short pipe length 6 2 equipped with a full-flow valve 6 1 .
  • a special machine, not shown, is then installed in the axis of said pipe is y and sealingly connected.
  • the machine is equipped with a drill which, by means of a tool, will reach the wall of the tank and will pierce a hole there, generally of a diameter corresponding to that of the pipe.
  • the drill is cleared, the valve closed and the machine can then be dismantled to be replaced by a pipe 2 , rigid or flexible which will evacuate the product without any leakage. was generated.
  • the previously described evacuation device can be lowered onto the wreckage and temporarily stabilized by a dead body, a suction bell device, or a magnetic device, and then when the hole has been drilled, said evacuation device 6 1 -6 4 is permanently locked by fingers actuated by the ROV, in particular by bearing, from inside the conduit, on the internal face of the hole in the shell and firmly and sealingly plating said device on the wall of the wreck.
  • the drilling task will be greatly simplified by using, within said device, instead of the drill, a breaking explosive configured in a circle and the axis of fire is directed towards the wall of the wreck, the firing plan being in direct contact with said wall.
  • the shot of the explosive carried out by the ROV realizes in the hull a substantially circular hole of precise size, allowing the transfer of crude oil to the shuttle tank.
  • Said shuttle reservoir 2 is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and consists of a flexible and watertight side wall 4, for example made of high strength reinforced plasticized fabrics, secured in the upper part of a dome 3 with a circular horizontal section and vertical section profile in the form of shells made of a strong and rigid material, preferably of composite material, and integral in the lower part of a bottom 5, flat, solid, resistant and rigid, preferably circular, also preferably of composite material, so as to represent a minimum apparent weight in water, while guaranteeing rigidity and extreme strength.
  • Said bottom 5 is pierced at its center with a main orifice of 5 1 and is provided with a valve 5 2, preferably with full flow, for example of the ball valve, the latter being equipped with a flange 5 3.
  • a lateral complementary orifice of smaller diameter is provided with a valve 4 , thus allowing seawater exchanges between the inside of the shuttle tank and the marine environment, and in particular when filling the tank with oil, to sea water to escape.
  • the dome 3 and the bottom 5 may have a diameter of 5 to 10 m, the dome 3 a height of 2 to 5 m and the side wall 4, once unfolded, a height of 10 at 50 m.
  • valves 5 4 may be necessary to consider large diameters for the main orifice 5 1 and its associated valve 2 , for example 10 to 24 "or more, and one or more complementary orifices of 1 to 4 "provided with valves 5 4 of corresponding diameter.
  • the shuttle tank 2 is shown in the extended position (2B) in FIG. 2, the main valve 2 having an integral passage being in the open position.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view in side view of the shuttle tank 2 in the final phase of preparation before use, that is to say before it is launched and its descent towards the wreck or tank.
  • the side wall 4 because of the flexibility of the side wall 4, creating a plurality of folds 4 1 Apportionment on the periphery, which reduces the shuttle tank length by bringing the base 5 of the dome 3.
  • the bottom 5 and the dome 3 are brought as close as possible to obtain a shuttle reservoir 2 in the picked-up position (2A), thus occupying a minimum of volume, which presents a considerable advantage for its handling, for its descent to the wreck or tank 6 and for its implementation on the evacuation devices 6 1 -6 4 which have been prepared on the hull of said wreck or wall of said vessel 6.
  • the picked up position (2A) such that detailed in FIG. 3, the shuttle tank 2 is firmly held by straps 7 connecting the bottom 5 and the dome 3 each equipped with hooks 7 1 at their periphery.
  • buoyancy e.g., syntactic foam 3 1 consisting of glass microspheres embedded in epoxy resins, polyurethane or others.
  • the shuttle tank 2 is lowered to the wreck or tank 6 in the picked up position (2A), and has an apparent weight in the water very low and which can be adjusted in positive as in negative, which facilitates its installation directly by an ROV 30 (automatic submarine piloted from the surface and equipped with manipulator arms).
  • the ROV manipulates the shuttle tank so as to match the flange 5 3 secured to the lower orifice of 5 1 of the bottom 5 of said shuttle tank 2, and the flange 6 3
  • the shuttle tank 2 is positioned by the ROV near the wreck and above the evacuation device 6 1 -6 4 using cables 12 1 from winches 14 1 installed on the hull or wall of the tank 6 or close, and connected to the attachment lugs 13 1 secured to the bottom 5 of said shuttle tank 2.
  • winches 14 1 By acting on the winches 14 1 , the shuttle tank 2 of its connection point constituted by the fixed flange 6 3 installed on the hull of the wreck or tank wall 6, then the two flanges 3 , 6 3 are locked with the aid of the ROV.
  • the main valve 5 1 integral passage integral with the bottom 5 of the shuttle tank 2 is then open, like the valve 6 1 of the discharge device located on the hull of the wreck or tank wall 6, which by simple effect of difference in density between the oil 1 and the seawater, transfers said oil 1 upwards, ie performs the complete filling of said shuttle tank. During filling, the corresponding volume of seawater escapes through the lateral complementary orifice 5 4 .
  • the two valves 5 2 and 5 4 of the bottom 5 are closed, the two flanges 5 3 and 6 3 are released and the shuttle tank 2 full then has a positive buoyancy, which allows its transfer to the surface.
  • allowed to shuttle tank 2 rise naturally to the surface, because the forming shell of the dome 3, combined with the buoyancy created by the syntactic foam 3 1 Integrated the dome 3 and the weight of the bottom 5, comprising in particular the flange 5 3 connection and the main ball valve 5 2 , shifts up the center of buoyancy and downwards the apparent center of gravity in the water, which allows the shuttle tank 2 to keep throughout the ascent substantially straight and vertical trajectory, as shown in Figure 5.
  • a submersible deck vessel allows ballast to maintain the main deck under several meters of water, thus allowing the packages to be transported by floatation, then deballasting out the deck of water and carry the transport "dry" parcels.
  • Such vessels are available from many shipowners; for example Mamoeth (Holland).
  • the shuttle reservoir 2 is completely free and uncontrollable, it can surface at any point in the area of operations, and to avoid any incident, we advantageously equip the dome of the shuttle tank of a acoustic transponder so that it can be located during the entire said shuttle tank and thus avoid any collision, by moving the where appropriate, the various vessels operating on the surface.
  • the shuttle tanks 2 are advantageously stored side by side on simple supports and thus secured with the deck of the carrier vessel 10.
  • the vessel 10 when loaded, is deballasted, then directed to a port where it is reballasted to make the transfer shuttle tank to recovery units. Once released, the ship returns to site for a new load.
  • the shuttle tanks 2 are maintained in buoyancy and preferably conducted in an isolated retention pond, to be emptied of their contents, to avoid any pollution of the environment.
  • the emptying is advantageously carried out horizontally, the shuttle tank 2 being always floating, by connecting, on the flange 5 3 secured to the bottom 5 of the shuttle tank 2, a pipe, preferably flexible, connected to a pumping system.
  • the recovered oil being generally extremely viscous, it facilitates the emptying by creating a reheating of the area near the outlet orifice 5 1 of the shuttle reservoir 2, for example by injecting a hot fluid through the lateral complementary orifice 5 4 , said hot fluid is preferably crude oil heated to high temperature, that is to say at 80 to 100 ° C, which allows to fluidize the viscous oil located near the outlet.
  • a hot fluid is preferably crude oil heated to high temperature, that is to say at 80 to 100 ° C, which allows to fluidize the viscous oil located near the outlet.
  • the shuttle tank 2 is in the intermediate position (2C) as shown in Figure 3, then it is picked up (2A) as shown in Figure 4 and the assembly is firmly held by straps 7 connecting the bottom 5 and the dome 3. The shuttle tank 2 is again ready to be forwarded on site for a new filling cycle.
  • Said receptacle 20 is in the form of an inverted umbrella or a funnel of circular or trapezoidal section that covers the entire area comprising several openings emitting polluting effluents.
  • the size of the funnel of the receptacle 20 may correspond to a diameter of about 25 to 50 m or more, and a height of about 25 to 50 m also. It consists of a rigid armature associated with a flexible membrane or a rigid structure in the form of a funnel whose upper part 17 is equipped with a discharge device 6 1 -6 3 comprising a valve 6 1 with a pipe 6 2 equipped at its upper part with a flange 6 3 cooperating with a corresponding flange 5 3 of the bottom 5 of the shuttle tank 2.
  • the bell 20 is held in position by a set of cables 12 2 connected, on the one hand, to a fastener 13 2 integral with the bell and, on the other hand, to a winch 14 2 on the tank or wreck 6
  • These cables preferably 3 cables, are installed to form a pyramid, preferably equilateral triangular base.
  • the position of said bell can be adjusted and maintained closer to the wreck, for example 50 cm or 1 m, so that the lower end of the large open base of the funnel which constitutes the peripheral skirt defining the lower opening 19 of said receptacle 20 can cover a complementary discharge device comprising a pipe 6 4 valve 6 5 installed in the wall of the vessel or wreck 6 as shown in Figure 7, and so to avoid that pollution is carried away by the current and then escapes the collector that constitutes the bell.
  • the entire system of conduits of the ship will interfere with the bell which can not be installed closer, but by adjusting, by means of the winches 14 2 , the lengths of the cables 12 2 .
  • Said bell 20 will be maintained in a position to optimize the recovery effect.
  • the winches 14 2 can be installed either on the wreck or on the bell or on dead bodies placed on said wreck or located in the immediate vicinity of the wreck.
  • Said receptacle 20 is made floating by means such as buoys 15, 16 in syntactic material resistant to bottom pressure or buoys hollow materials, such as plastics, steel or materials composites.
  • the receptacle is held in position by means of a peripheral float 16 surrounding the tubular upper part of the funnel and a series of floats 15 connected to the circumference of the large base of the funnel in its lower part.
  • Said receptacle 20 comprises means 21 for heating said effluents pollutants 1 to make them less viscous and thermal insulation means of its outer wall 22.
  • an additional heating system 6 6 is advantageously installed in the capture zone 6 4 , as well as than in the upper part of the bell 20, the outside of said bell being preferably protected by a thermal insulation 22.
  • An assistance ship 31 provides the power necessary for reheating and the operation of the ROV 30 via an umbilical 32, as explained in Figure 7.
  • the attachment points on the wreck or tank 6 and in particular the winches 14 1 and 14 2 are advantageously fixed to the wreckage using a suction box comprising an open face at the interface with the wreck and which cooperates with the latter by a peripheral seal and a suction pipe for evacuating the inside of the box.
  • a suction box comprising an open face at the interface with the wreck and which cooperates with the latter by a peripheral seal and a suction pipe for evacuating the inside of the box.
  • the pipe may be in communication with a pump installed on the ROV is replaced by a pump attached to the suction box and powered by said ROV or directly from the surface assistance vessel.
  • the shuttle reservoir 2 comprises a removable bottom 5 connected, for example by means of not shown bolts, to a peripheral flange 5 secured to the lower end of the flexible side wall 4
  • an internal bag 2 1 is advantageously installed, constituting, by itself, a second flexible envelope of similar or even slightly smaller dimensions than the outer envelope constituted by the entire dome 3. of the flexible side wall 4 and the bottom 5 of the shuttle reservoir 2.
  • Said bag 2 1 consists of a fine mesh having a single opening downwards, the latter cooperating with a portion of conduit 5 6 continuity from the main opening 5 1 of the bottom 5 of the shuttle tank 2 inwards.
  • Said second envelope or inner bag 2 1 is secured to said pipe portion 5 6 by a strap 5 7 .
  • each of the shuttle tanks 2 is towed horizontally in the retention basin, then, still in a horizontal position, a ring 3 2 integral with the dome 3 is connected to a mooring point 9 secured to the edge of the basin; the fixing bolts, or the bolts of the flange 5 5 , connecting the flexible side wall 4 and the bottom 5 of the shuttle reservoir 2, are then released, then the entire bottom 5, secured to the inner pocket 2 1 , and dome 3, secured to the side wall 4, constituting an outer envelope, are separated over a few meters.
  • a link realized with a single rope is tightened around the orifice of the lower bag 2 1 at the plane A, passing through eyelets 5 8, and then securely tightened so as to close, in leaktight manner, the pocket.
  • the bag 2 1 is then separated from the bottom 5 of the shuttle tank 2 by releasing the strap 7 , and said bottom 5 is removed.
  • the pocket 2 1 is then extracted completely from the shuttle reservoir 2.
  • the shuttle tank is then released and, after relocation of an inner bag 2 1 new, cinched 5 7 of the bottom 5 of said shuttle reservoir 2, the latter is re-assembled by bolts on an outer casing, consisting of the dome 3 integral with the flexible side wall 4, and the assembly is then ready to be put in the picked up position (2A) as explained in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the pocket 2 1 once extracted, floats within the retention basin. It is then directed, still floating, to a cradle, which will then be extracted from the basin using a high capacity crane, to be transferred, after draining the residual water, to a second retention basin where the bag will be unloaded for preparation, either to be eliminated or to be treated for reuse of some of its constituents.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a preferred version of the invention, in which the raising of the shuttle tank is controlled by a connecting cable 30, a portion of which of its lower part is weighed down, for example, by metal blocks 31 secured to said cable 30 by a crimping 31 1 in strand like beads on a cable.
  • These beads 31 have a cylindrical central body which is prismatic or of revolution and, frustoconical ends such as when the cable is bent, said frustoconical ends of the two adjacent beads then abut one against the other at 31 2 , limiting and the local radius of curvature to a value greater than R 0 .
  • the connecting cable 30 being hooked to the shuttle reservoir 2 on the said first attachment point 32 in the lower part of the tank, descends downwards and then deviates in an arc of radius R 0 , to finally rise vertically or in the chain configuration at a distance of at least 2R 0 from the side wall 4 of said shuttle reservoir, thereby avoiding any mechanical contact during the ascent, which avoids damage by friction.
  • the buoyancy of the hydrocarbon filled shuttle tank F v which corresponds to the buoyancy force acting on the tank and its cargo, is compensated by the weight of the cable up to the corresponding horizontal tangency point.
  • the bead 31 i added the weight of the beads 31g between the reservoir and the bead 31i the lowest, that is to say 8.5 beads in Figure 10, the weight of the set P e then corresponding to a balance of the system .
  • Each of the beads of the balancing device 30-31 then has a weight in the water about 1 ton.
  • FIG. 11 the upper end of the connecting cable 30, connected to a winch installed on board a surface vessel (not shown), is raised, which has the effect of bringing the bead 31 g of FIG. 10 in low horizontal position, thereby reducing the number of beads weighing under the 6.5-pearl reservoir, the overall weight opposing the thrust Fv being reduced to P inf .
  • the resultant F v + P inf is then positive upwards and the shuttle reservoir can go up until the equilibrium of the forces of FIG. 10 is reached.
  • the stabilization device has a stabilizing effect for the recovery of the shuttle tank.
  • the surface vessel moves excessively under the effect of the swell or deviates from the vertical position of the shuttle tank, the movements have instant effect only on the area of the beads surrounding the beads 31 g at 31 k , the bead 31 i corresponding to the average value of the oscillations.
  • FIG. 13 shows the sectional view from the side of a shuttle tank 2 installed vertically of a said duct 6 4 equipped with a first valve 6 1 secured to the wreck, said first valve being in the open position and letting the crude oil that is collected in the shuttle tank.
  • the bottom of the reservoir comprises an annular open frame delimiting a said lower main orifice 5 1 .
  • the lower part of the envelope of the shuttle tank is held in shape by a rigid lower structure 51d forming a double cone 50a - 50b maintained in shape arranged under the bottom of the tank, constituted by circular stiffeners 51 a - 51 b - 51 c connected by a lattice structure 51d, not shown in Figure 13, but shown in Figure 15.
  • the shuttle tank is maintained above the wreckage by means of an anchoring cable 52-52 1 integral with the wreckage in a said second anchoring point 54 and at its upper part, a said first automatic load-limiting disconnection device 53 itself connected to the shuttle reservoir via a crow's foot 52-52 2
  • the load limiter device 53 is illustrated at 13a and comprises a lower yoke 53 1 connected to an upper bar 53 2 to which is connected, by means of a shear pin 53 3 of known limit load.
  • the buoyancy of the assembly will increase until reaching the maximum value F v , value corresponding to the limit of resistance of the pin 53 3 , which breaks, will release the shuttle tank which will begin then are ascension.
  • a control cable 56.56.1 was advantageously connected to a lever arm 57 controlling the closing operation of said first valve 6 1 , the upper part of the cable is secured to the structure of the shuttle tank.
  • the cable 56, 56 1 actuates the lever 57 and thus closes the valve 6 1 , as illustrated in FIG.
  • the upper portion 56 2 of the cable 56 is advantageously connected to the outer casing by a loop 58 surrounding said casing and passing through a loose looper node located in the plane AA of Figure 15, thus acting as a closure cable for the lower main port of the tank.
  • the shearing of the pin of said first automatic disconnection device 53 will then be adjusted to a value of about 8.5 tonnes.
  • the second disconnection 60 will advantageously be adjusted to a said second threshold value traction 1.5 tonnes, ie more than 1 tonne but less than 8.5 tonnes, so that what the previously described sequences take place automatically in the order indicated.
  • said rigid lower structure 51 d forms a double truncated cone 50a, 50b formed of two upper conical trunks 50b and lower 50a, respectively flared upwardly and downwardly, joined by their small base common at an intermediate circular frame 51b of said rigid lower structure, so that said closure loop 58 which surrounds the lower end of the flexible envelope 4 or said pocket 2 1 , must travel a reduced race to close the l main lower hole of the tank.
  • the lower end of the reservoir comprises an annular open frame 51.b delimiting the lower main opening 5 1 of the reservoir and to which the lower end of the envelope is connected. flexible constituting the lateral peripheral wall of the reservoir and the lower end of the inner bag 2 1 .
  • the installation comprises a said first automatic disconnection device consists of a frame 54 secured to the wreck 6 serving as said second attachment point, having at its lower part a first hook constituting a first point attachment 54 1 and in its upper part a second hook constituting a second attachment point 54 2 located at a height of 0.5 to 1m above the first hook.
  • Said first hook 54 1 is located at the end of a second lever 53 5, hinged in 53 6, 53 5 said lever being maintained in a substantially horizontal position by a shear pin 53 4 making it integral with the frame 54.
  • the lower end of the anchoring cable 52 forms a loop engaged in said first hook 54 1 located on the underside, at the end of the lever 53 5 , and envelops the upper part of the frame 54 in the area of the second hook 54 2 , as explained in Figures 17a and 17b.
  • valve 6 1 In FIG. 16, the valve 6 1 is in the open position, but as soon as the shuttle reservoir is released by breaking the shear pin 53 4 , the upward movement of the shuttle closes said first valve by means of the control and closure cable 56 integral with the lever 57 for controlling said first valve.
  • the shuttle tank is then waiting in the safety position of FIG. 18 retained by the first hook 54 1 .
  • Closing of the bag 2 1 is achieved by clamping the loop 58 in the noose as previously explained in FIG. 15, by means of a small winch 62 secured to the shuttle tank 2, said winch being actuated by the ROV 30.
  • the manipulator arm of the ROV equipped with a shear, cuts off the control and closing cable 56, as well as the anchoring cable 52, which has the effect of completely releasing the shuttle reservoir which can then be wound up to the surface. thanks to the weighted chain 30-31.
  • Automatic disconnect devices 53 having a shear pin, but it remains in the spirit of the invention to consider systems, load-sensing systems, either based on compression of a spring, on an electronic or hydraulic component giving a proportional response to the load applied and triggering the release of the retaining cable 52.
  • valve 6 1 installed on the integral orifice of the shell of the wreck is a ball valve, but it remains in the spirit of the invention considering any other Valve type, such as guillotine valves, diaphragm valves, or other devices to prevent crude oil from escaping the shell in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the operating means of said valve has been described as being a lever arm 57, but it remains in the spirit of the invention using cable systems, pulley or screw, or rack systems, for closing said valve 6 1 .

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Claims (28)

  1. Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von verschmutzenden Ausflüssen (1), die leichter sind als Wasser und in einem Schiffstank (6) eines leckgeschlagenen und/oder beschädigten Schiffes enthalten sind, das auf dem Meeresboden (7) ruht, in welchem:
    a) man eine Vorrichtung zum Abziehen (61 - 64) der Ausflüsse installiert, die vorzugsweise wenigstens eine Leitung (62 - 64) und ein erstes Ventil (61) umfaßt, die mit einer Öffnung des Rumpfes und/oder des Schiffstanks (6) derart zusammenwirken, daß die verschmutzenden Ausflüsse (1), die aus der Öffnung fließen, durch Aufsteigen von jenen bis zur Vorrichtung zum Abziehen (61 - 64) zurückgewonnen werden können, und
    b) man die Ausflüsse (1) zurückgewinnt, die aus der Öffnung (64) des Rumpfes und/oder des Tanks (6) fließen,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man in Schritt b) die Ausflüsse mit Hilfe eines Shuttle-Tanks (2) gewinnt, welcher eine eingefahrene Konfiguration (2A) und eine ausgefahrene Konfiguration (2B) annehmen kann, wobei der Shuttle-Tank (2) wenigstens eine untere Hauptöffnung (51) umfaßt, die dazu ausgebildet ist, mit der Vorrichtung zum Abziehen (61 - 64) derart zusammenzuwirken, daß man die Schritte ausführen kann, bei welchen:
    1- man den Shuttle-Tank (2) von der Oberfläche (11) bis zum Meeresboden (7) herabläßt, vorzugsweise in seiner eingefahrenen Position (2A) und man die untere Öffnung (51) des Shuttle-Tanks (2) mit der Vorrichtung zum Abziehen (61 - 64) zusammenwirken läßt, und
    2- man den Shuttle-Tank (2) mit Ausflüssen füllt und man ihn dann, sobald er mit Ausflüssen (1) gefüllt ist, in seiner ausgefahrenen Konfiguration (2B) schließt, um ihn abzudichten, und
    3- man den Shuttle-Tank (2), sobald er gefüllt ist, in ausgefahrener Konfiguration (2B) zur Oberfläche aufsteigen läßt, wobei der Shuttle-Tank (2) vorzugsweise Schwimmelemente (31) umfaßt, und
    4- man vorzugsweise den mit Ausflüssen (1) gefüllten Tank in einem Schiff (10) an der Oberfläche lagert und man den Shuttle-Tank (2) in dem Schiff (10) leert oder man ihn an einen Ort transportiert, um dort entleert zu werden, und
    5- man notfalls die Schritte 1 bis 4 mit einem selben Shuttle-Tank (2) oder einem anderen Shuttle-Tank (2) wiederholt, bis die Ausflußvolumenmenge (1) zurückgewonnen ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Shuttle-Tank (2) umfaßt:
    a) eine starre Kuppel (3) mit offener kreisförmiger Grundfläche, vorzugsweise mit einem im Vertikalschnitt granatenförmigen Profil,
    b) einen starren Boden (5), dessen Umfang vorzugsweise kreisförmig ist und
    c) eine seitliche Außenwand (4), die eine elastische Hülle bildet, die die Annäherung der Basis der Kuppel (3) an den Umfang des Bodens (5) derart sicherstellt, daß:
    die seitliche Außenwand (4) auf sich selbst ausgefahren werden kann, um das Annähern der Kuppel (3) und des Bodens (5) zuzulassen, vorzugsweise mit lösbaren Gurten (7), wobei der Shuttle-Tank (2) dann in eingefahrener Position (2A) ist, und
    die Ausflüsse (1) in dem Shuttle-Tank (2) eingeschlossen werden können, wenn die Seitenwand (4) ausgefahren ist, wobei der Shuttle-Tank (2) dann in der ausgefahrenen Position (2B) vorliegt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwimmelemente (31) des Shuttle-Tanks (2) in der Kuppel (3) integriert sind, wobei die Schwimmelemente (31) vorzugsweise aus syntaktischem Schaum bestehen.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwimmelemente (31) in der Kuppel (3) in ihrem oberen Teil derart integriert sind, daß das Auftriebszentrum des Shuttle-Tanks (2), der mit Ausflüssen (1) gefüllt ist, nach oben hin im Verhältnis zu seinem Schwerpunkt im Wasser versetzt ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mit Ausflüssen (1) gefüllte Shuttle-Tank (2), einmal an die Oberfläche aufgestiegen, durch Auftrieb in ein Schiff mit Tauchdeck (10) befördert wird, ohne ihn anheben zu müssen.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Shuttle-Tank (2) in der Nähe der Vorrichtung zum Abziehen (61 - 64) der Ausflüsse mit Hilfe von Verankerungsmitteln (121 - 131 - 141, 52 - 54) gehalten wird, die wenigstens ein Verankerungsseil (52, 521 - 522) umfassen, das wenigstens einen am unteren Teil des Tanks in der Nähe des Bodens (5), vorzugsweise am Umfang des Bodens (5) des Shuttle-Tanks angeordneten ersten Befestigungspunkt (131, 55) mit wenigstens einem zweiten Befestigungspunkt (141, 54, 541 - 542) auf dem leckgeschlagenen Schiff (6) oder dem Meeresboden (7) verbindet, was es ermöglicht, den Shuttle-Tank auf dem leckgeschlagenen Schiff (6) oder dem Meeresboden (7) zu verankern.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor Schritt 3 zum Aufstieg des Shuttle-Tanks man einen Schritt des automatischen Trennens der Verankerungsmittel durchführt, welcher sich automatisch durchführt, wenn der Shuttle-Tank einen vorbestimmten Füllungsgrad erreicht hat, insbesondere wenn der Tank voll oder quasi voll ist.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein genanntes Verankerungsseil (52) mit einer Vorrichtung zur automatischen Trennung (53, 531 - 533, 534 - 536) zusammenwirkt, auf das eine Traktion ausgeübt wird, die der Archimedischen Auftriebskraft entspricht, die auf den Shuttle-Tank und seine Ladung ausgeübt wird, welche durch das Verankerungsseil (52) übertragen wird, wobei die Vorrichtung zur Trennung (53, 531 - 533, 534 - 536) die Wirkung hat, eine Trennung des Verankerungsseils durch Lösen des Verankerungsseils von dem Tank oder dem Schiff am Meeresboden oder durch Reißen des Verankerungsseils hervorzurufen und den wenigstens teilweisen Aufstieg des Shuttle-Tanks zuzulassen, wenn diese Traktion einen vorbestimmten Schwellenwert erreicht, vorzugsweise wenn der Shuttle-Tank mit Ausflüssen (1) gefüllt ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Vorrichtung zum automatischen Trennen einer Verbindungsvorrichtung (531 - 533) umfaßt, die vorzugsweise einen Abscherbolzen (531) umfaßt, der die Verbindung zwischen den beiden Teilen des Verankerungsseils sicherstellt und reißt, wenn eine Traktion, die dem vorbestimmten Schwellenwert entspricht, auf die beiden Teile des Verankerungsseils (52) ausgeübt wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Vorrichtung zum automatischen Trennen (53) eine Verbindungsvorrichtung (534 - 536) umfaßt, die vorzugsweise einen Abscherbolzen (534) umfaßt und die Verbindungsvorrichtung die Verbindung zwischen dem Verankerungsseil und einem ersten Befestigungspunkt auf dem Schiff (541), wobei die Trennung in einem Bruch der Verbindung zwischen dem Verankerungsseil und dem ersten Befestigungspunkt besteht, sicherstellt und dann eine teilweise Freisetzung des Seils und schließlich eine erneute Verbindung zwischen dem Seil zur Befestigung und einem zweiten Verankerungspunkt auf dem Rumpf oder Schiffstank (542), der höher als der erste Befestigungspunkt (542) angeordnet ist, was so einen Aufstieg über eine Distanz ermöglicht, die auf die Distanz zwischen den beiden Befestigungspunkten (541 - 542) an dem Schiff begrenzt ist, wenn eine Traktion, die dem Schwellenwert entspricht, der auf das Verankerungsseil auf der Ebene des ersten Befestigungspunktes (541) auf dem Schiff ausgeübt wird.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Abstiegs- und Aufstiegsgeschwindigkeit des Shuttle-Tanks mit einer Stabilisierungsvorrichtung kontrolliert, die wenigstens ein zweites Verbindungsseil oder eine zweite Verbindungskette (30) umfaßt, das bzw. die sich von der Oberfläche (11), vorzugsweise von einem Schiff (10) an der Oberfläche, aus bis zu einem unteren Teil des Tanks (51a, 51b) erstreckt, mit dem sein/ihr Ende verbunden ist, wobei das zweite Verbindungsseil oder die sogenannte Verbindungskette einen unteren Teil umfaßt, der vorzugsweise durch Blöcke (31), die perlschnurförmig entlang des zweiten Seils angeordnet sind oder durch große Maschen, die schwerer sind als die Kette derart beschwert ist, daß das Gewicht der Länge des unteren Teils des Seils oder der Kette, der unter dem Shuttle-Tank hängt, von der Oberfläche aus geregelt werden kann, vorzugsweise mit Hilfe einer Winde, die an Bord eines Schiffes an der Oberfläche angeordnet ist und auf die bzw. von der das obere Ende des Seils oder der Kette derart ab- oder aufgerollt wird, daß die Abstiegsgeschwindigkeit bzw. Aufstiegsgeschwindigkeit des Shuttle-Tanks (2) geregelt wird.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blöcke (31) des zweiten Seils oder die großen schweren Maschen der Verbindungskette in dem unteren Teil des sogenannten zweiten Seils oder der Kette eine Form derart aufweisen, daß, wenn man das Seil oder die Kette krümmt, zwei anliegende Blöcke oder zwei schwere anliegende Maschen zum Anschlag gegeneinander (312) kommen, was so den lokalen Krümmungsradius (Ro) des Seils oder der Kette begrenzt.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Shuttle-Tank (2) eine zusätzliche elastische Innentasche (21) umfaßt, in welcher die Ausflüsse zurückgewonnen werden, vorzugsweise bestehend aus einem feinmaschigen Netz, das geeignet ist, um die viskosen Ausflüsse einzuschließen, wobei die Tasche eine Öffnung umfaßt, die geeignet ist, durch reversible Verbindung mit der Hauptöffnung (51) des Bodens (5) zusammenzuwirken, was das Füllen des Shuttle-Tanks (2) erlaubt.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Start des Schrittes 3 zum Aufstieg des Tanks eine erste Schließvorrichtung (56 - 57) das automatische Schließen des ersten Ventils (61) erlaubt, das in einer Öffnung des Rumpfes oder Tanks installiert ist, wenn eine genannte erste Vorrichtung zum automatischen Trennen den wenigstens teilweisen Aufstieg des Behälters zuläßt.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schließen des ersten Ventils durch die erste Vorrichtung zum Schließen automatisch das Schließen der unteren Öffnung (51) des Shuttle-Tanks ermöglicht, vorzugsweise durch den Aufstieg des Behälters über eine Distanz, die notfalls der Höhe zwischen den beiden Befestigungspunkten an dem Schiff entspricht, was den teilweisen Aufstieg ermöglicht.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schließen der unteren Hauptöffnung des Behälters durch eine zweite Schließvorrichtung (56 - 58 - 59) geschieht, die ein Schließseil (562) umfaßt, welches eine Schleife (58) bildet, die das untere Ende der elastischen Hülle (4) und notfalls die Innentasche (21) einfaßt und das Festzurren (59) der Schleife ermöglicht, wenn eine Traktion auf das Schließseil, vorzugsweise über eine zuziehbare Schleife ausgeübt wird.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 und 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Schließvorrichtung des ersten Ventils ein Steuerseil (56, 561) umfaßt, das mit einem Ende der zweiten Schließvorrichtung des Behälters verbunden ist und durch sein anderes Ende mit einem Steuerungsmittel (57) zum Schließen des sogenannten ersten Ventils (61) und das Steuerseil vorzugsweise dem Schließseil (56, 562) des Tanks entspricht, welches eine sogenannte Schleife an einem Ende bildet und das Steuerseil (56, 561) mit einer zweiten Vorrichtung zum automatischen Trennen (60) zusammenwirkt, wobei diese letztere es ermöglicht, das Steuerseil von dem Tank, dem Rumpf oder dem Schiffstank zu lösen oder den Bruch des Steuerseils nach Schließen des genannten ersten Ventils und Schließen der unteren Hauptöffnung des Tanks hervorzurufen.
  18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10 und Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine sogenannte erste Vorrichtung zum automatischen Trennen (54) mit einem Verankerungsseil (52) zusammenwirkt und eine sogenannte zweite Vorrichtung zum automatischen Trennen (60) mit einem Schließseil des Tanks (56, 562) in koordinierter Weise derart zusammenwirkt, daß das Schließseil das Schließen des genannten ersten Ventils und das automatische Schließen des Tanks durch Aufstieg des vollen Tanks nach dem ersten automatischen Trennen (53) des Verankerungsseils (52) steuert und das zweite Trennen (60) des Schließseils (56) das vollständige Freisetzen und den Aufstieg des Shuttle-Tanks zur Oberfläche erlaubt.
  19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung zum Abziehen (61 - 64) der Ausflüsse (1) durch eine Öffnung des Rumpfes und/oder des Tanks (6) hindurch angebracht ist.
  20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der starre Boden (5) des Behälters durch einen offenen (51a, 51c), vorzugsweise ringförmigen Rahmen gebildet ist, der die untere Öffnung (51) begrenzt.
  21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der offene Rahmen (51a) Teil einer starren unteren Kegelstumpfstruktur (51a - 51d) ist, wobei ein sogenanntes Schließseil des Tanks die elastische Hülle umrundet und notfalls die Innentasche unter Zusammenwirkung mit der unteren Struktur auf einer Ebene, wo sie einen verminderten Durchmesser im Verhältnis zum gewöhnlichen Teil der Zylinderumfangswand eines genannten Shuttle-Tanks aufweist.
  22. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Shuttle-Tank (2) einen starren ebenen Boden (5) umfaßt und auf der Ebene seines genannten Bodens (5) eine zweite Öffnung, ausgerüstet mit einem zweiten Ventil (54) umfaßt.
  23. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung zum Abziehen (61 - 64) mit einer oberen Öffnung (18) einer Aufnahme (20) zusammenwirkt, wobei die Aufnahme (20) eine Innenöffnung (19), angeordnet in der Nähe der Vertikale wenigstens einer zweiten Leitung (64) umfaßt, die in der Öffnung in dem Rumpf und/oder Schiffstank (6) derart installiert ist, daß die verschmutzenden Ausflüsse (1) aufgenommen werden können, welche von der Öffnung durch Aufstieg von ihnen in die Innenöffnungen (19) der Aufnahme (20) fließen.
  24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    a) die Aufnahme (20) eine Form eines Trichters aufweist, dessen großer Fuß offen ist und die Innenöffnung (19) bildet und eine Fluchtzone der Ausflüsse bedeckt, wobei die Zone eine oder mehrere der Öffnungen in dem Rumpf und/oder Schiffstank (6) des Schiffs und der kleinen oberen Grundfläche (18) des Trichters der Aufnahme (20) umfaßt, und die Aufnahme (20) mit Positioniermitteln zusammenwirkt, welche umfassen:
    zweite Verankerungsmittel der Aufnahme (20) auf dem Schiff oder dem Schiffstank (6) oder dem Meeresboden (7), umfassend zweite Seile (122), die Befestigungspunkte (132) verbinden, welche auf dem Umfang der großen Grundfläche des Trichters befestigt sind und den Befestigungspunkten (142) am Schiff oder Schiffstank (6) oder Meeresboden (7), und
    Mittel zum Spannen (15 - 16 - 142), umfassend:
    Schwimmer (15 - 16), die am Umfang der großen Grundfläche, welche offen ist, der Aufnahme (20) verbunden sind und um den Rohrabschnitt (17) am oberen Teil der kleinen Grundfläche des Trichters herum, und
    vorzugsweise Winden (142), die den Befestigungspunkten an dem Schiff oder Schiffstank (6) oder dem Meeresboden (7) befestigt sind.
  25. Anlage, die in einem Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von verschmutzenden Ausflüssen verwendbar ist, die in den Tanks eines leckgeschlagenen und/oder beschädigten Schiffes enthalten sind, das am Meeresboden ruht, gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen genannten Shuttle-Tank (2) wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, 13 und 20 bis 22 definiert umfaßt und vorzugsweise Verankerungsmittel (121 - 131 - 141) und notfalls eine erste Vorrichtung zum Trennen wie in einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10 definiert.
  26. Anlage nach Anspruch 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Stabilisierungsvorrichtung umfaßt, die wenigstens ein zweites Seil oder Kette zur Verbindung (30) umfaßt wie in einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12 definiert.
  27. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 25 oder 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine erste Schließvorrichtung und eine erste Vorrichtung zum Trennen umfaßt und notfalls eine genannte zweite Vorrichtung zum Schließen des Tanks wie in einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17 definiert.
  28. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 25 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine genannte Aufnahme (20) umfaßt und notfalls Verankerungsmittel (121 - 131 - 141) und Positioniermittel (122 - 132 - 142) und die Spannmittel (142 - 15 - 16) wie in einem der Ansprüche 23 und 24 definiert.
EP03358019A 2003-02-21 2003-11-18 Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs Expired - Lifetime EP1449763B1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03358019A EP1449763B1 (de) 2003-02-21 2003-11-18 Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs
PCT/FR2004/000742 WO2004087495A2 (fr) 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Dispositif et procede de stabilisation et de controle de la descente ou remontee d’une structure lourde entre la surface et le fond de la mer
ES04742350T ES2280032T3 (es) 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Dispositivo y procedimiento de estabilizacion y de control del descenso o elevacion de una estructura pesada entre la superficie y el fondo del mar.
DE602004004382T DE602004004382D1 (de) 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Vorrichtung und verfahren für die stabilisierung und kontrolle der niedergang und des aufstiegs einer schweren struktur zwischen meeresoberfläche und meeresboden
US10/550,263 US20070089656A1 (en) 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Device and a method for stabilizing and controlling the lowering or raising of a structure between the surface and the bed of the sea
EP04742350A EP1606160B1 (de) 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Vorrichtung und verfahren für die stabilisierung und kontrolle der niedergang und des aufstiegs einer schweren struktur zwischen meeresoberfläche und meeresboden

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03358003 2003-02-21
EP03358003A EP1449762B1 (de) 2003-02-21 2003-02-21 Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs
EP03358019A EP1449763B1 (de) 2003-02-21 2003-11-18 Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs

Publications (2)

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EP1449763A1 EP1449763A1 (de) 2004-08-25
EP1449763B1 true EP1449763B1 (de) 2005-09-07

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EP03358003A Expired - Lifetime EP1449762B1 (de) 2003-02-21 2003-02-21 Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs
EP03358019A Expired - Lifetime EP1449763B1 (de) 2003-02-21 2003-11-18 Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs

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AT (2) ATE305880T1 (de)
DE (2) DE60301779D1 (de)
ES (2) ES2250859T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2852917B1 (fr) 2003-03-26 2005-06-24 Saipem Sa Receptacle a compartiments etanches et procede de mise en place pour recuperer des effluents polluants d'une epave
ES2275380A1 (es) * 2004-10-04 2007-06-01 Richard J. Lazes Colector submarino de petroleo.
FR2878226B1 (fr) 2004-11-25 2007-04-13 Jean Claude Massal Procede et dispositif de recuperation de fluide contenu dans une cuve immergee
FR2913228B1 (fr) 2007-03-02 2009-05-29 Saipem S A Sa Dispositif de decoupe et ouverture/fermeture d'un orifice dans une paroi au fond de la mer
GB2480093A (en) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-09 Acergy France Sa Recovering fluid from a spilling undersea well
BRPI1002594B1 (pt) * 2010-05-14 2022-01-04 Engenhoca 18 Administração De Patentes Ltda Dispositivo coletor de vazamento de óleo
DE102010026425B4 (de) * 2010-07-07 2013-03-28 Case Compounds B.V. Verfahren zum Abdichten von Leckagen an medienführenden Konstruktionen
GB2511716A (en) * 2011-07-08 2014-09-17 Michael Lawson A sleeve for collecting contaminants
EP3155213A1 (de) * 2014-06-16 2017-04-19 Total SA Einschlusssystem und verfahren zur verwendung dieses einschlusssystems
GB2591117B (en) * 2020-01-16 2022-11-23 Hick Douglas Undersea oil or gas leak mitigation device

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3561220A (en) * 1969-03-26 1971-02-09 Chester George Riester Method and apparatus for containing well pollutants
US4358218A (en) * 1979-12-17 1982-11-09 Texaco Inc. Apparatus for confining the effluent of an offshore uncontrolled well
NO801409L (no) * 1979-12-20 1981-06-22 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Fremgangsmaate og innretning for oppsamling av olje og gass som stroemmer ut ukontrollert fra en offshore-broenn
NO991282D0 (no) * 1999-03-17 1999-03-17 Bj Rn Grinde FremgangsmÕte og anordning for oppsamling av olje fra utslipp under vann
FR2804935B1 (fr) 2000-02-11 2002-06-07 Bouygues Offshore Procede et installation de recuperation d'effluents en mer

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ES2250859T3 (es) 2006-04-16
DE60301543D1 (de) 2005-10-13
ATE303940T1 (de) 2005-09-15
EP1449762B1 (de) 2005-10-05
ATE305880T1 (de) 2005-10-15
ES2247503T3 (es) 2006-03-01
EP1449763A1 (de) 2004-08-25
EP1449762A1 (de) 2004-08-25
DE60301779D1 (de) 2005-11-10

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