EP1606160B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren für die stabilisierung und kontrolle der niedergang und des aufstiegs einer schweren struktur zwischen meeresoberfläche und meeresboden - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren für die stabilisierung und kontrolle der niedergang und des aufstiegs einer schweren struktur zwischen meeresoberfläche und meeresboden Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1606160B1
EP1606160B1 EP04742350A EP04742350A EP1606160B1 EP 1606160 B1 EP1606160 B1 EP 1606160B1 EP 04742350 A EP04742350 A EP 04742350A EP 04742350 A EP04742350 A EP 04742350A EP 1606160 B1 EP1606160 B1 EP 1606160B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
receptacle
buoyancy
sea
compartments
cable
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EP04742350A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1606160A2 (de
Inventor
Michel Baylot
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Saipem SA
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Saipem SA
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Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0303969A external-priority patent/FR2852917B1/fr
Priority claimed from EP03358019A external-priority patent/EP1449763B1/de
Priority claimed from EP04358002A external-priority patent/EP1568600B1/de
Application filed by Saipem SA filed Critical Saipem SA
Priority to EP04742350A priority Critical patent/EP1606160B1/de
Publication of EP1606160A2 publication Critical patent/EP1606160A2/de
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Publication of EP1606160B1 publication Critical patent/EP1606160B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/0122—Collecting oil or the like from a submerged leakage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/08—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of winches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C7/00—Salvaging of disabled, stranded, or sunken vessels; Salvaging of vessel parts or furnishings, e.g. of safes; Salvaging of other underwater objects
    • B63C7/006—Emptying the contents of sunken, stranded, or disabled vessels, e.g. by engaging the vessel; Underwater collecting of buoyant contents, such as liquid, particulate or gaseous contents, escaping from sunken vessels, e.g. using funnels, or tents for recovery of escaping hydrocarbons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B2015/005—Tent-like structures for dealing with pollutant emissions below the water surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and method for stabilizing and controlling the descent or ascent of a structure between the surface and the seabed, and more particularly a structure constituting a sealed compartment receptacle useful for recovering pollutant effluents. 'wreck.
  • structure here refers to any equipment, tool, machine and in particular submarine wellhead elements on oilfields, petroleum treatment units, or sections of subsea pipes that are towed high. sea from their manufacturing site and that one wishes to install at the bottom of the sea.
  • the present invention also relates to a process and a containment installation for the recovery of effluents at sea and more particularly pollutant effluents contained in a cast and damaged ship resting at the bottom of the sea, and a process of setting up in the bottom of the sea.
  • the ship When the tankers sank, the ship usually sank after being seriously damaged and after losing part of its cargo.
  • the depth of water is important, for example 100 or 200 meters, the recovery of the wreck or its recovery, is generally not considered, but the hull must be either completely emptied and rinsed, or covered with a external structure type capital, so that the corrosion of the wreckage over time, creating localized or generalized holes, does not lead to the release of the contents of the ship, which disperses at the mercy of the current, thus creates a pollution that can last for years or even decades.
  • the implementation of said positioning means represents a very long operation and relatively difficult to achieve at great depth.
  • the pumping, through a said discharge line is not possible at such a depth, particularly as the effluent has a high viscosity and has a tendency to freeze in the form of paraffin. Even if a heating system is installed in the catchment area or in the upper part of the bell during the ascent, the viscous effluent tends to congeal, making the pumping very difficult.
  • buoyancy elements As well as the "added mass” of water, ie the mass of water adjacent to the package which is driven during the vertical displacements, towards up or down, which can represent an overall mass of inertia of 400 or 500 tons for a massive package of 100 tons.
  • the cable connecting the package to the floating support is stretched in a vertical straight line and, said floating support being subjected to the swell, undergoes roll and pitch that require the use of tension-controlled winches or hydraulic devices called heave compensators, which make it possible to prevent said cable from breaking by limiting the voltage in said cable to an acceptable value.
  • Such equipment is technically complicated and very expensive, especially in the case where we consider heavy loads and depths that can reach 2000 to 3000m, or even 4000m or more.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for controlling and facilitating the descent or ascent of a heavy structure and, where appropriate, voluminous such as receptacles or shut-off tanks for the recovery of effluents mentioned above. , but applicable to any other type of structure, or even to stabilize it, between the surface and the seabed, especially at great depth.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an installation for confining and recovering the contents of bunkers and vessels of a vessel, for example an oil tanker, resting on the seabed, in water depths. important, especially greater than 3000 meters, or even up to 4000 to 5000 meters, and which do not have the disadvantages of prior methods and devices and, in particular, which are easy and simple to implement despite their very large dimensions.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an installation for confining and recovering polluting effluents from the bunkers of a stranded vessel, particularly at great depth, via a rigid receptacle with open base in form. hat entirely covering the wreckage of the ship so as to channel all of the effluents escaping from the vessel in a single volume, or even to organize the return to the surface of the polluting effluents from said receptacle to the seabed in better conditions.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore, more particularly, to provide an open-base receptacle in the form of a hat, able to completely cover a wreck at the bottom of the sea and recover polluting effluents escaping, which is technically reliable and that can be put in place at the bottom of the sea in a simple and technically reliable process.
  • Said structure is, if necessary, suspended from one or more so-called first buoyancy elements arranged above it.
  • Said structure may also comprise second integrated buoyancy elements or incorporated within said structure, that is to say that said second buoyancy elements do not move additional water volume relative to the volume of water displaced by said structure.
  • 'Buoyancy element' means an element which has a lighter weight than seawater and which therefore increases the buoyancy of the combination which it forms with the structure to which it is connected or in which it is integrated.
  • the buoyancy of the structure can be made positive to facilitate the ascent of said structure.
  • said buoyancy elements compensate for the weight of said structure, so that the buoyancy thrust that applies to all of said structure and said buoyancy elements is greater than or equal to own weight of the assembly of said structure and said buoyancy elements also including in particular one or more lower portions of connecting element (s), the resultant forces being directed upwards in case of positive buoyancy.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to vary the length and therefore the weight of said lower portion of the connecting element while below said fastening element on said structure, and supported by the latter.
  • the stabilization and control device according to the invention comprises at least two said connecting elements and said structure comprises a plurality of said hooking elements and said connecting elements and said hooking elements are preferably symmetrically arranged respectively around and on the periphery of said structure.
  • the present invention also provides a method for lowering or raising or stabilizing a structure between the surface and the seabed using a device, according to which steps are carried out in which the roll is unwound or rolled up.
  • the stabilization and control device comprises a said connecting element is constituted by a cable of which said lower portion comprises weighting blocks arranged in a string on a said cable, preferably metal blocks joined together crimped cable.
  • said blocks have a shape such that when said lower portion below said hooking elements adopts a curved shape, said two blocks arranged side by side are able to abut one against the other thus limiting the curvature of said cable.
  • the curvature of said cable is limited so that the minimum radius of curvature of said cables at said portion lower allows to maintain a minimum distance between said cable and said structure, sufficient to prevent any mechanical contact between them during said descent or ascent of said structure.
  • said blocks have a central cylindrical portion framed by two frustoconical ends whose axes (that is to say the axes of said cylinder and the two frustoconical ends to cap these bases) correspond to the direction of said cable when it is arranged linearly, two adjacent blocks being in contact at said frustoconical ends along a generatrix of said frustoconical ends in the curved portions of said lower portion.
  • said connecting element comprises a chain of which said lower portion comprises links heavier than those of the remainder of the chain, and preferably more bulky so as to limit the possible curvature of the chain.
  • said first buoyancy elements are optionally disposed above said structure to which it is suspended and, where appropriate, said second buoyancy elements are integrated in the upper part of said structure, preferably integrated with the above said hooking elements so that the center of gravity of all of said structure and said first buoyancy elements is located below the center of thrust exerted on the whole of said structure and said first elements of buoyancy, so as to ensure overall stability throughout the installation phase.
  • the center of thrust is the point at which the result of the buoyancy of Archimedes is exerted. (The center of thrust is the center of gravity of the volume of water displaced by the structure).
  • said heavy structure can be constituted by any package including heavy package, module, tool, or base as described in the European patent application in the name of the applicant no published n ° 0435802.6, which one wishes to immobilize near the bottom of the sea or anchor on a wall or element resting at the bottom of the sea.
  • said structure is a rigid structure of steel, metal or composite synthetic material containing at least one, preferably a plurality of buoyancy compartments, preferably sealed, adapted to receive a lighter fluid than seawater to form a said buoyancy element, said compartments being each equipped with at least one filling orifice and preferably with at least one discharge orifice, said compartments, preferably sealed, preferably being symmetrically distributed in said walls.
  • said structure is a massive structure constituted by an open base receptacle, in the form of a cap, comprising a peripheral side wall surmounted by a ceiling wall, able to completely cover a wreck of a ship at the bottom of the sea to recover pollutant effluents escaping from it, said receptacle comprising at least one outlet for discharging said effluents contained in the interior volume of said receptacle; said discharge port being preferably located at the ceiling of the receptacle.
  • compartments preferably sealed, are intended to be filled totally or partially with lighter fluid than seawater and therefore constitute compartments providing buoyancy to the constituent structure of the receptacle, allowing its towing on the surface and its descent to bottom of the sea during its implementation in technical conditions reliable and simple to achieve, as will be explained later.
  • said receptacle has a longitudinal axis of symmetry similar to said vessels intended to be covered, and said receptacle has a longitudinal axial plane of vertical symmetry when the open base of the receptacle is in a horizontal position, and more particularly, said receptacle has a second vertical transverse plane of symmetry.
  • the constituent walls of said ceiling are flared so as to define a reduced space in the upper part.
  • the side wall, forming the peripheral skirt of the cap is also preferably inclined in the form of a flared funnel, defining in the lower part the open base of said receptacle, so as to promote the ascent and accumulation of the effluent escaping from the wreck under the ceiling of the receptacle.
  • the receptacle represents an inverted shell with a longitudinal axial plane and ceiling and side walls are flat walls contiguous with different inclinations and thus delimiting cut edges or sharp edges of the shell.
  • said receptacle is constituted as a double-walled overturned hull, comprising a rigid structure of steel, metal, preferably of light metal such as aluminum or titanium, or composite synthetic material, said compartments sealed being defined by spaces delimited by said double walls and structural elements joining the double walls.
  • double wall is understood to mean a wall consisting of an inner wall and an outer wall separated by beam-like structural members joining said inner and outer walls, themselves of rigid or semi-rigid material.
  • -rigid namely steel, metal, preferably light metal such as aluminum or titanium or synthetic composite material, for example fiberglass within a matrix of polyester or epoxy resin type.
  • the compartments are thus formed by the inner and outer walls of said double walls and the transverse or longitudinal structural elements interposed between the double walls and bringing them together.
  • the rigid structure of the constituent walls of said receptacle consists of metal or steel beams, assembled together and between which are incorporated sealed compartments, said structure being covered, at least on one side , preferably the outer face, by webs or waterproof membranes, for example reinforced fabric covered with a thermoplastic material, and fixed to said rigid structure tightly.
  • the sealed compartments consist of a closed autonomous envelope which is incorporated inside the structure and made integral with the latter.
  • the rigid structure of the walls of the receptacle is made of concrete, preferably lightened concrete, preferably hollow expanded clay balls, concrete in which are formed hollow volumes defining said sealed compartments.
  • the receptacle comprises pillars, preferably regularly distributed over its periphery, at least some of which are preferably retractable, said pillars being able to withstand, in a quasi-isostatic manner, said receptacle resting at the bottom of the receptacle. sea via said pillars, if appropriate deployed, preferably with the open base of said receptacle in substantially horizontal position.
  • the lengths of said pillars, if any deployed, may be different from each other to allow the maintenance of said open base of the receptacle in substantially horizontal position.
  • Said second hooking elements can also make it possible to hang additional floats on the receptacle.
  • step 1) Before and / or after step 1), but before step 2) above, it is possible to tow, using ships, said structure, in particular said surface floating receptacle, said watertight compartments being filled with air and floating between two waters flush with the surface or said sealed compartments being fully filled with a lighter fluid than seawater.
  • step 1) above it is understood that the filling of said sealed compartments, with a lighter fluid than seawater, is carried out in the different compartments according to their distribution in the walls of the receptacle, so that the open base of the receptacle remains substantially horizontal on the one hand and that, on the other hand, the center of thrust of the receptacle is substantially above the center of gravity of the receptacle. This applies to the choice of compartments to fill and their fill rate.
  • step 1) additional buoyancy is added to said receptacle by means of additional floats using said first buoyancy elements connected to said structure, in particular to said receptacle, and in step 3) , when said structure is in the desired position, said additional floats are released.
  • step 1) and before step 2) when said structure reaches the desired position, in particular said receptacle near the wreck above it, the lengths of said heavy chains are reduced. below said hooking elements and supported by the structure, so as to stabilize said structure in suspension, and anchoring said receptacle at the bottom of the sea, then we descend completely said heavy chains so that the entirety of their weight participates in the stabilization of said structure, in particular said receptacle at the bottom of the sea.
  • the heavy chains can be recovered by disconnecting them from their receptacle, but as explained below, to increase the stability of said structure, in particular of said receptacle, said heavy chains can be hooked at both ends to said hooking elements on said structure or, more simply, the free end of said heavy chains can be placed on the ceiling of said structure, in particular said receptacle after hooking of the cables connected to the surface ships, then the cables connected to the surface ship are unhooked from said chains.
  • said receptacle comprises pillars, at least some of which are preferably retractable, and optionally deploying said retractable pillars so that said receptacle rests at the bottom of the sea on each of the pillars in a quasi-isostatic manner and, preferably, with the open base of said receptacle in a substantially horizontal position.
  • the receptacle is positioned in the axis above the wreck by actuating thrusters mounted outside the receptacle and distributed preferably symmetrically on its periphery.
  • the fluid lighter than seawater, filling said sealed compartments may be diesel, oil, fresh water or liquefied gas lighter than seawater such as propane, water butane or ammonia, these gases remaining in the liquid state at the seawater temperature (2-20 ° C) as soon as the pressure exceeds a few bars.
  • gas lighter than seawater such as propane, water butane or ammonia
  • step 1) said sealed compartments are filled with a first fluid lighter than seawater and in step 2), one down said structure to a depth of 30 to 60 meters corresponding to a pressure of 3 to 6 bar which is injected liquefied gas under pressure lighter than seawater in said compartments sealed from a gas vessel surface.
  • these products are much less polluting than diesel or oil because they disperse naturally as soon as they arrive on the surface.
  • a method of placing receptacle fills a portion of the interior volume of said receptacle delimited at the top by the ceiling of said receptacle and in the lower part by a web or membrane stretched between said sidewalls of said receptacle, with a fluid lighter than seawater, preferably fresh water, so as to create additional buoyancy during the towing of the receptacle on the surface and / or during the descent of the receptacle to the bottom of the sea, and when said receptacle is close to the seabed, said web or membrane is disengaged and the receptacle is placed on top of the wreck on the bottom of the sea, preferably via said pillars if necessary deployed, then said fluid is removed lighter than the sea water at i the interior of the receptacle by said upper discharge port.
  • FIG 1 there is shown the hull of a wreck or a tank wall 6 resting on the bottom of the sea 7 filled with hydrocarbon 8 whose density is lower than seawater. Said hydrocarbon is confined in the upper part of the tank or wreck 6, the lower part being, in turn, filled with seawater.
  • the vessel 6 having in general multiple openings sealed at the deck, leakage may occur. produce as soon as this tightness would be degraded by the deformation or the rupture of the hull during the sinking.
  • a rigid receptacle 1 according to the invention hereinafter called “sarcophagus” consisting of a rigid structure, descends from the surface under the control of cables 12 connected to dynamic positioning vessels situated on the surface, as shown in FIGS. and 2.
  • the sarcophagus 1 consists of a shell in reverse configuration, said shell being sealed and double walls thus forming sealed compartments 4, preferably a multitude of sealed compartments in continuity with each other.
  • the structure consists of transverse ribs 4 3 , perforated or solid within the same sealed compartment, and associated with longitudinal perforated or solid ribs 4 6 .
  • FIG. 3 shows, in an exploded cross-section corresponding to the YOZ plane, a right-angled double-wall half-wall 3b, flat, inclined with respect to the horizontal, for example from 10 to 20 °, but being able to be horizontal, and when tilted forming an inverted V-shaped ceiling with the other half of the double-walled ceiling 3b.
  • Each longitudinal ceiling wall 3a, 3b is connected by its lower edge to a double side wall 2a, 2b, flat, vertical or inclined with respect to the vertical, in particular from 5 to 20 °, preferably with a smaller inclination than said walls longitudinal inclined ceiling.
  • the two ends of the sarcophagus 1 along the longitudinal axis XX ' are closed by double end walls 2, 2a, 2 1 ensuring the junction between the end edges of the double side walls 2a, 2b and double walls of the ceiling 3, 3a, 3b and said end side walls 2 1 being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis XX '.
  • the lower part is completely free, so that the sarcophagus can cover, like a bell, the wreck 6 to contain.
  • the volumes included inside the various double walls 2 1 , 2, 2a, 2b and 3, 3a, 3b and delimited by the inner and outer walls and the ribs 4 3 , 4 6 full form sealed compartments with respect to the outside, which makes it possible to fill them with a fluid of lower density than seawater, said fluid playing then the role of float and compensate for the weight of the rigid structure of the receptacle sarcophagus 1.
  • Said shell constituting the sarcophagus is preferably constructed dry in a dock, then, the sealed compartments 4 included inside the double walls 2 1 , 2, 2a, 2b and 3, 3a, 3b are closed sealingly. After filling the dock, the sarcophagus 1 floats and greatly exceeds the water level, because said compartments 4 are filled with air. In case of risk of instability at this stage, we advantageously add a temporary ballast at the bottom.
  • the sarcophagus 1 is then towed to deep water where the entirety of the compartments 4 constituting the buoyancy volumes, is filled with the buoyancy fluid, for example diesel whose density is close to 0.85.
  • the buoyancy volume is advantageously adjusted so that the sarcophagus is in equilibrium between two waters, the overall equilibrium being possibly ensured by additional floats 19 capable of withstanding the bottom pressure, that is to say about 350 bar for 3500 m deep.
  • Said additional floats 19 can be made using syntactic foam, ie glass microspheres trapped in a binder of the epoxy or polyurethane type, but they advantageously consist of a rigid or flexible envelope filled a liquefied gas, for example butane or propane, as will be explained below.
  • the sarcophagus 1 is then towed to the site, and then, once there, at least two, preferably four ships 20 connect to the ends of the sarcophagus 1, as follows.
  • Each of the vessels 20 comprises a winch 12 1 provided with a cable 12, preferably made of steel, the length of which is greater than the depth of water, for example 130% of the said water depth.
  • the end of said cable 12 is connected to a length of heavy chain 13, for example 100 m of 6 "diameter chain, the end of said chain being connected to a reinforced beam 10 constituting a fastening element integral with the structure and overflowing sarcophagus 1, as explained in Figures 1-4-5-8.
  • the heavy chains 13 have a self-regulating effect during the descent of the sarcophagus to the seabed 7 and their operation is explained in Figures 4, 4a and 4b.
  • the cable 12 is in the intermediate position and forms a double-chain curve, a part of the chain weight 13 (F) being supported by the sarcophagus, the other portion of the chain being supported via the cable 12 directly by the surface vessel 20.
  • F chain weight 13
  • the configuration of chains 13 in double chain has a self regulating effect on the position of the sarcophagus during the descent.
  • the vessels 20 must remain at a substantially constant distance from the axis of the receptacle and preferably, two vessels 20a and 20b connected to opposite hooking elements 10 (FIG. 1) must be located substantially in a vertical plane passing through the attachment points of the chains 13 on the beams 10 of the sarcophagus 1, which implies the advantageous use of dynamically positioned vessels using a GPS-type radiolocation system.
  • the descent of the sarcophagus 1 is carried out, preferably continuously until a distance close to the wreck 6, for example up to 50 m from the bottom. Then, the sarcophagus is positioned at the axis of the wreck 6 and oriented in the right direction by simple overall movement of the surface ships. Said movements of the ships 20 have an effect delayed from a few minutes to a few tens of minutes, on the corresponding movements of the sarcophagus located a few thousand meters lower.
  • winches 14 1 are installed on the lateral peripheral walls of the sarcophagus, and when said sarcophagus 1 is close to the wreck, an ROV 22, an automatic underwater vehicle driven from the surface, connects cables 14 of said winches 14 1 to an anchor 15 1 , 15 2 pre-installed near the wreck, for example a suction anchor 15 1 , or a dead body 15 2 .
  • the heavy chains are rested on the bottom of the sea 7 as shown in Figure 2, and the additional floats 19 are unhooked by means of the ROV 22, they then go up freely on the surface where they are recovered.
  • the sarcophagus 1 is then stable at the bottom, but its stability is further improved by recovering the buoyancy cargo, for example diesel, as explained in FIG. 2. For this purpose, it is connected from the surface using the ROV.
  • a pipe 23 preferably flexible, preferably in the configuration of S, to an orifice provided with an isolation valve 4 4 , located in the upper part of the compartment 4, having taken care to open a valve 4 beforehand 5 located in the lower part of the same compartment 4 and allowing the seawater to penetrate as the buoyancy fluid rises to the surface.
  • the upper valves 4 4 After draining the buoyancy compartments 4, the upper valves 4 4 , at least, are closed and the sarcophagus then has its maximum weight which ensures great stability, even in case of significant leakage from the wreckage.
  • the chains can be recovered, but if it is desired to improve the stability of the sarcophagus, the chains 13 are advantageously raised and suspended by their second end to the bracket already supporting the first end, or they are raised and simply deposited on the roof of the sarcophagus, so that their entire weight contributes to the stabilization of said sarcophagus.
  • the overall volume of the compartments 4 of the following example makes it possible to balance the self-weight of the structure of the sarcophagus described below.
  • the overall volume of the compartments is 73125 m3, which gives a float of 1480 tons when filled to 75% with fresh water.
  • a supplementary buoyancy of 470 tonnes is installed in the form of floats distributed along the structure and the stabilizer chains for the descent consist of four identical lengths of weighing chain each of 50 tonnes, each of which is installed at an angle of sarcophagus.
  • a fluid having a lower density than fresh water for example diesel
  • the overall volume of the buoyancy compartments requires a distance between walls internal and external 2.5 m.
  • the sarcophagus represents a mass of 7,500 tons, ie a weight plotted in seawater of 6300 tons.
  • the overall volume of the compartments is 60200 m3, which gives a buoyancy of 6320 tonnes when they are filled to 70% of a 0.85 density fluid, for example diesel.
  • Complementary floats (280T) and stabilizer chains (50T x4) remain the same as in the case of the aluminum sarcophagus.
  • a membrane located at mid-height makes it possible to confine a volume of fresh water of 126000 m 3 , which brings an overall buoyancy of 3400 tons and makes it possible to reduce buoyancy compartments, especially in the case of the steel structure, so the volumes of diesel.
  • This membrane 21 is mechanically fixed to the walls, for example by means of straps.
  • an upper discharge opening 9 on the ceiling of the sarcophagus is advantageously open so that the fresh water can escape and the stability of the sarcophagus is optimal. After evacuation of the fresh water, said upper orifice 9 is closed so as to collect any leaks from the wreckage.
  • This same upper orifice 9 is advantageously used to recover the effluents 8 which escape from the wreck 6 in time, and come together in the upper part of the interior volume of the sarcophagus under its ceiling 3, 3a, 3b.
  • the accumulated oil 8 is advantageously transferred since the previous intervention campaign, or by means of a pipe 23 connecting the upper orifice 9 up to to a recovery vessel located on the surface, either by using a recovery device between the sarcophagus and the surface vessel, for example a device as described in the patent application FR 2 804 935 or a shuttle-type device such as described in the unpublished European patent application 03 358 003.6.
  • a shed-type supporting structure consisting of metal or steel beams 24 joined together by welding or bolting is produced, and sealed compartments, distributed from continuously or not, either on the side walls 2, 2a, 2b or on the roof 3, 3a, 3b or in combination of the two.
  • the entire structure is sealed against a fluid tending to escape naturally upward, by webs or membranes 25 fixed to the outside of the structure and against the latter in a sealed manner, way to collect all leaks from the wreckage and direct them to the high point where they will be stored until they are recovered, either by means of a bottom-surface link 23, or by means of a recovery device or the shuttle as explained previously.
  • the structure of the sarcophagus is made of lightened concrete 26, reinforced and prestressed, and comprises compartments 4 which are filled in the same way as previously, with a fluid of
  • the concrete 26 is advantageously made from lightweight aggregates, such as, for example, expanded clays, associated with high-strength mortars, which gives them an excellent behavior at great depth. even at depths of 3000 to 4000 m or more.
  • the expanded clays are substantially spherical and have voids filled with air or gas, which ensures a low density; taken within a matrix made of high-strength mortar, it is the actual matrix that ensures the overall strength.
  • the water When the structure is subjected to a very high pressure, for example the pressure of 400 bar prevailing at about 4000 m depth, the water will migrate over time within the mass of concrete and then invade little by little the clay aggregates expanded, which will have the effect of considerably increasing the apparent weight of the sarcophagus.
  • This migration process being relatively slow does not present any inconvenience during installation, because, after towing on site, the critical operation of descent of said sarcophagus, from the surface, to its final position resting on the bottom at above the wreck, represents a maximum duration of 12 to 24 hours.
  • the weight of the sarcophagus increases daily, which increases the stability, the phenomenon of water migration continues for several weeks or months.
  • the entire walls of the concrete structure in contact with the water are advantageously covered with an elastomer-type paint layer, thus creating a barrier to watertightness. effective.
  • This layer is advantageously also applied inside the buoyancy compartments integrated in the concrete structure, to minimize the migration of the buoyancy fluid to said aggregates.
  • a very low density fluid is used, which reduces the overall volume of the buoyancy compartments accordingly.
  • butane, propane, ammonia, or any other similar gaseous compound whose density in the liquid state is between 0.55 and 0.70. These compounds are gaseous at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 20 ° C., but liquefy as soon as they are compressed to a few bars. It is thus very advantageous to use them as buoyancy fluid because their performance (buoyancy per m 3 of fluid) is much more interesting than diesel or fresh water, but the filling of the compartments must be carried out in a particular way to avoid any risk of incident and accident.
  • the procedure is as follows: after construction, the sarcophagus is extracted from the dock, the compartments 4 being empty, then filled with seawater and the buoyancy of the whole is ensured by means of barges 27, preferably two or four barges, floating on the surface, as shown in Figure 9a, the sarcophagus being connected to each of said barges 27 by a cable 28 connected to a winch 28 1 , in combination with a heave compensator 29
  • the assembly is then towed on site, then, as explained in FIG. 9b, the sarcophagus is lowered to a depth of 30 to 60 m, corresponding to a pressure of 3 to 6 cm. bars, pressure at which the gas, which will be injected into the compartments 4, is liquid.
  • the watertight compartments are positioned and dimensioned so as to respect the rules of the art of shipbuilding, and in particular the so-called pa rule, which consists in maintaining the center of vertical thrust due to buoyancy, above the center of gravity of the structure. It is customary to consider that for a value ⁇ -a> 1 m, the structure is considered to be stable and therefore does not risk to overturn by pivoting about its axis XX '. For this purpose, it is advantageous to add external floats 19 preferably located above the structure of the sarcophagus and, possibly, weights at the bottom.
  • the sarcophagus is provided, at each of its angles, with a pole 40 equipped with a support plate 40 1 , so that the structure does not rest directly on the ground and remains separated, for example from two meters, to allow access, all around the periphery, ROV 22 for inspection and intervention operations.
  • a pole 40 equipped with a support plate 40 1
  • intermediate posts 41 on each of the faces, which during the transport and the descent of the sarcophagus, are in the high retracted position 41a.
  • the buoyancy being always maximum in the compartments and additional floats, the apparent weight of the structure is low and said structure is able to withstand.
  • the ROV then intervenes on each of the legs and actuates the latches 42 to release the posts which, by their own weight, move from the high retracted position 41a to the low deployed position 41b; the ROV then actuates again the latches 42 so as to make said posts integral with said sarcophagus structure.
  • buoyancy compartments have been described with an upper orifice and a lower orifice equipped with an isolation valve, but it remains in the spirit of the invention if we consider compartments whose lower part remains open, the buoyancy fluid remaining in place by the simple difference in density.
  • valves In the case of a buoyancy compartment having a lower orifice equipped with a valve, it will be preferable to keep said valves closed during the towing phases towards the site, but they will advantageously be opened during the descent phase to the bottom, so that that variations in volume of the buoyancy fluid due to pressure and at room temperature, do not cause unacceptable deformations of the structure of said compartments, thus risking damaging the structure of the sarcophagus.
  • FIGS. 11a to 11d and 12 show a shuttle tank 32 of the type used to recover effluents from a wreck at the bottom of the sea by descent and ascent of said empty and solid shuttle tank respectively between the surface and the bottom of
  • the shuttle tank 31 is constituted by a flexible and tight-fitting side wall 34, for example made of high-strength reinforced plasticized fabrics, secured in the upper part of a dome 3 with a circular horizontal section and a vertical section profile.
  • Said bottom 5 is pierced at its center with a main opening 35 1 and is equipped with a valve, preferably full-bore, for example of guillotine type, the latter being equipped with a flange.
  • a valve preferably full-bore, for example of guillotine type, the latter being equipped with a flange.
  • a complementary orifice Lateral of smaller diameter is provided with a valve 2 , thus allowing the exchange of seawater between the interior of the shuttle tank and the marine environment, and in particular during the filling of the tank with oil, to the sea water to escape.
  • the dome 33 and the bottom 35 may have a diameter of 5 to 10 m, the dome 3 a height of 2 to 5 m and the side wall 4, once unfolded, a height of 10 to 50 m.
  • buoyancy e.g., syntactic foam 3 1 consisting of glass microspheres embedded in epoxy resins, polyurethane or others.
  • the shuttle tank 32 is lowered towards the wreck or tank 6, or towards a sarcophagus 1 placed above a said wreck or tank, in the picked up position, and has an apparent weight in very low water and which can be adjusted in positive or negative, which facilitates its installation directly by an ROV (automatic submarine piloted from the surface and equipped with manipulator arms).
  • ROV automated submarine piloted from the surface and equipped with manipulator arms
  • FIG. 11a illustrates the raising of the shuttle reservoir 32 is controlled by a connecting cable 12, a part of its lower portion 13 is weighed, for example, by metal blocks 31 secured to said cable 30 by a crimping 31 1 in a string as beads on a cable.
  • these beads 31 have a cylindrical central body which is prismatic or of revolution and, with frustoconical ends such as when the cable is bent, said frustoconical ends of the two adjacent beads then abut one of them. against the other at 31 2 , thus limiting the local radius of curvature to a value greater than R 0 .
  • the connecting cable 12 being hooked to the shuttle reservoir 2 on the said first attachment point 36 in the lower part of the tank, descends downwards and then deviates in an arc of radius R 0 , to finally rise vertically or in a chain configuration at a distance of at least about 2R 0 from the side wall 4 of said shuttle reservoir, thus avoiding any mechanical contact during the ascent, which avoids damage by friction.
  • the buoyancy of the hydrocarbon-filled shuttle tank F v which corresponds to the buoyancy force acting on the tank and its cargo, is compensated by the weight of the cable up to the corresponding point of horizontal tangency.
  • the bead 31 i added the weight of the beads 31 g between the reservoir and the bead 31i the lowest, that is to say 8.5 beads in Figure 11a, the weight of the set P e then corresponding to a balance of system.
  • Each of the balancing device beads 30-31 then has a weight in water of about 1 ton.
  • FIG. 11b the upper end of the connecting cable 12, connected to a winch installed on board a surface vessel (not shown), is raised, which has the effect of bringing the bead 31 g of the Figure 11 in the horizontal low position, thereby reducing the number of beads weighing under the 6.5-pearl reservoir, the overall weight opposing the thrust Fv being reduced to P-.
  • the resultant F v + P- is then positive upwards and the shuttle reservoir can go up until the equilibrium of the forces of FIG. 10 is reached.
  • the stabilization device has a stabilizing effect for the recovery of the shuttle tank.
  • the surface vessel moves excessively under the effect of the swell or deviates from the vertical of the position of the shuttle reservoir, the movements have instantaneous effect only on the area of the beads surrounding the beads 31 g to 31 k , the bead 31 i corresponding to the average value of the oscillations.
  • FIG. 12 represents a shuttle tank 32 installed vertically of a discharge device 9 equipped with a valve provided on the upper wall of a sarcophagus 1 to which it is connected by a link 50.
  • a valve When the valve is in position open, it lets crude oil accumulated in said sarcophagus after having passed tanks of the ship 6. Thus, it can be collected in the shuttle tank, which can return to the surface once filled and rupture of the link 50, the ascent on the surface being under the control of a device for stabilizing and controlling the ascent and descent according to the invention.
  • the sarcophagus 1 is equipped with a stabilization and control device according to the invention with connecting elements 12 consisting of cables whose lower portion comprises metal blocks 31 in strand.
  • the device for controlling the descent or ascent of a heavy or massive structure has been described as consisting of either a cable provided with blocks or beads crimped onto said cable, or chain link modified to create by simple stop between links, the minimum radius of curvature R 0 .
  • said weighted portion of said connecting elements is constituted by a string of weighted bars hinged together, so that the deformation of the string of articulated bars creates load unbalance, P + or P- with respect to the equilibrium load Pe, as previously described with reference to FIGS. 11a, 11b and 11c, said bars advantageously having, at the level of the joints, mechanical stops which make it possible to limit the curvature to a minimum value R 0 .
  • FIG. 13 represents the descent of a structure 1 consisting of an anchoring and drilling device controlled by a stabilization chain 12, 13 according to the invention and a buoyancy element 19.
  • the lower left part of the base 52 is shown in section to view the cutting means 57 inside an orifice 58 provided in said base.
  • the device 1 is suspended by a link 59 to a buoyancy element 19.

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Claims (28)

  1. System zur Stabilisierung oder zur Kontrolle des Absenkens und Hebens einer Struktur (1, 32) zwischen der Oberfläche (15) und dem Boden (7) des Meeres, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es umfaßt:
    - eine Winde (121) an Bord eines schwimmenden Trägers oder eines Schiffes (20a, 20b) an der Oberfläche, und
    - eine zwischen der Oberfläche (15) und dem Boden (7) des Meeres eingetauchte Struktur (1, 32), und
    - ein Verbindungselement vom Typ Kabel oder Kette (12) zwischen der Oberfläche und der genannten Struktur, wobei von dem Verbindungselement:
    -- ein erstes Ende mit einer Winde (121) verbunden ist, die sich an Bord eines schwimmenden Trägers oder eines Schiffes (20a, 20b) an der Oberfläche befindet und auf die es aufgewickelt wird, und
    -- ein zweites Ende mit einem Befestigungselement (10, 36) der genannten Struktur (1, 32) oder wenigstens eines ersten mit der Struktur verbundenen Schwimmerelements (19) verbunden ist und
    -- die Länge des Verbindungselements (12) diejenige ist, mit welcher die Winde (121) das erste Ende des Verbindungselements (12) auf- oder abwickeln kann, so daß ein unterer Abschnitt (13) des Verbindungselements unter dem Befestigungselement (10, 36) hängen kann und die veränderliche Länge des unteren Abschnitts eingestellt werden kann.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mindestens zwei der genannten Verbindungselemente (12) umfaßt, wobei die Befestigungselemente (10, 36) vorzugsweise symmetrisch entlang des Umfangs der Struktur (1, 32) angeordnet sind.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungselement (12) aus einem Kabel besteht, dessen unterer Abschnitt Gewichtskörper (31), vorzugsweise am Kabel fest angebrachte Metallblöcke, umfaßt, die in einer Reihe auf dem Kabel angeordnet sind.
  4. System nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blöcke (31) eine Form derart aufweisen, daß zu dem Zeitpunkt, wenn der untere Abschnitt (13), der unter den Befestigungselementen hängt, eine gekrümmte Form annimmt, zwei benachbarte Blöcke (30) sich gegenseitig abstützen, so daß die Krümmung des Kabels begrenzt wird.
  5. System nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Krümmung des Kabels in einer Weise begrenzt ist, daß der minimale Krümmungsradius (Ro) der Kabel auf dem Niveau des unteren Abschnitts (13) es ermöglicht, einen minimalen Abstand (2 x Ro) zwischen dem Kabel (12) und der Struktur (1, 32) beizubehalten, welcher Abstand ausreichend ist, um jeden mechanischen Kontakt zwischen ihnen während dem Heben oder Absenken der Struktur zu vermeiden.
  6. System nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blöcke (31) einen mittleren zylindrischen Teil (31) aufweisen, der zwischen zwei kegelstumpfförmigen Enden (312) eingeschlossen ist, deren Achse mit der Richtung des Kabels (12) übereinstimmt, dann wenn dieses linear angeordnet ist, wobei zwei benachbarte Blöcke auf dem Niveau der kegelstumpfförmigen Enden entlang einer Erzeugenden (312) der kegelstumpfförmigen Enden in den gekrümmten Teilen des unteren Abschnitts (13) in Kontakt sind.
  7. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungselement eine Kette umfaßt, deren unterer Abschnitt (13) einige Kettenglieder, die schwerer und vorzugsweise voluminöser sind als diejenigen der restlichen Kette, derart aufweist, daß sie die eventuelle Krümmung der Kette begrenzen.
  8. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Schwimmerelemente (19) oberhalb der genannten Struktur angeordnet sind.
  9. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Struktur zweite Schwimmerelemente (4, 33) umfaßt, die vorzugsweise in den oberen Teil der Struktur (1, 32) integriert sind, vorzugsweise noch über den Befestigungselementen (10, 36), in einer Weise, daß der Schwerpunkt der Struktur und der ersten Schwimmerelemente sich unter dem Mittelpunkt des Schubs befindet, der auf die Gesamtheit der Struktur und der ersten Schwimmerelemente (19) ausgeübt wird.
  10. Verfahren zum Absenken oder Heben oder zur Stabilisierung einer Struktur (1, 32) zwischen der Oberfläche (15) und dem Boden (7) des Meeres mit Hilfe eines Systems nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Schritte ausgeführt werden, in denen das/die Verbindungselement/e auf dem Niveau des/der ersten Endes/en mittels der Winde/n (121) auf- oder abgewickelt wird/werden und man die Geschwindigkeit des Absenkens bzw. des Hebens dadurch kontrolliert, daß die Geschwindigkeit des Auf- oder Abwickelns des/der Verbindungselements/e (12) auf der Ebene der Winde/n in einer Weise geregelt wird, daß die Länge des unteren Abschnitts (13) des/der Verbindungselements/e (12), der unterhalb des/der Befestigungselements/e (10, 36) hängt, gesteuert wird, wobei das Absenken, das Heben oder die Stabilisierung der Struktur jeweils dann erreicht wird, wenn die Summe des Gewichts des/der unteren Abschnitts/e (13) des/der Verbindungselements/e (12) zwischen dem/den Verbindungspunkt/en mit dem/den Befestigungselement/en (10, 32) einerseits und dem/den tiefsten Punkt/en des/der unteren Abschnitts/e (13) und des Gewichts der Gesamtheit der Struktur (1, 32) zusammen mit dem/n ersten Schwimmerelement/en (19) jeweils größer, kleiner oder gleich der Archimedischen Auftriebskraft ist, die auf die Struktur (1, 32) und das/die erste/n Schwimmerelement/e (19) ausgeübt wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Struktur eine starre Struktur aus Stahl, Metall oder Komposit-Synthetikmaterial ist, die wenigstens eine, vorzugsweise eine Vielzahl von Schwimmerkammern (4) umfaßt, welche mit einem Fluid, das leichter als Wasser ist, aufgefüllt werden können, wobei jede mit mindestens einer Einfüllöffnung (41) und vorzugsweise mit mindestens einer Ablaßöffnung (45) ausgestattet ist und wobei die Schwimmerkammern (4) vorzugsweise symmetrisch in der genannten Struktur angeordnet sind.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Struktur eine massive Struktur ist, bestehend aus einem hutförmigen Sammelbecken (1) mit offenem Boden, das eine seitliche periphere Wand (2, 2a, 2b, 21) umfaßt, auf die sich eine Deckenwand (3, 3a, 3b) stützt, so daß es ein Schiffswrack (6) vom Meeresboden (7) vollkommen überdecken kann, um austretende Verunreinigungen (8) aufzunehmen, wobei das Sammelbecken mindestens eine Ablaßöffnung (9) für die im Inneren des Sammelbeckens enthaltenen Verunreinigungen umfaßt, wobei die Ablaßöffnung vorzugsweise auf dem Niveau der Decke (3, 3a, 3b) des Sammelbeckens angeordnet ist.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sammelbecken in Form eines auf den Kopf gestellten Schiffskörpers mit doppelten Wänden ausgebildet ist, umfassend eine starre Struktur aus Stahl, Metall oder Komposit-Synthetikmaterial, wobei die abgedichteten Kammern (4) durch die doppelwandigen Räume und die Strukturelemente (43, 46), welche die doppelten Wände (2, 2a, 2b, 21, 3, 3a, 3b) zusammenhalten, definiert sind.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starre Struktur der Wände (2, 2a, 2b, 3, 3a, 3b), die das Sammelbecken bilden, aus metallischen oder stählernen Querträgern (24) gebildet ist, die miteinander verbunden sind, und zwischen denen abgedichtete Kammern (4) eingebaut sind, wobei die Struktur auf mindestens einer Fläche, vorzugsweise der äußeren, mit undurchlässigen Planen oder Membranen (21) bedeckt ist, die abdichtend auf der starren Struktur befestigt sind, wobei die abgedichteten Kammern aus einer selbstständigen geschlossenen Hülle bestehen, die in das Innere der Struktur eingebaut und mit dieser starr verbunden ist.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starre Struktur der Wände (2, 2a, 2b, 21, 3, 3a, 3b) des Sammelbeckens aus Beton (26) gefertigt ist, vorzugsweise aus Leichtbeton mit Tonkugeln, wobei im Inneren dieses Betons Hohlräume ausgespart sind, welche die abgedichteten Kammern (4) definieren.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sammelbecken (1) eine axiale vertikale longitudinale Symmetrieebene XOZ aufweist und umfaßt:
    - eine Deckenwand (3, 3a, 3b), die zwei seitliche Längswände (3a, 3b) aufweist, die in Bezug auf die axiale vertikale Symmetrieebene des Sammelbeckens geneigt sind, so daß sie im Querschnitt YOZ ein umgekehrtes V bilden, und
    - eine Seitenwand (2), die:
    -- zwei seitliche vertikale oder in Bezug auf die vertikale axiale Symmetrieebene (XOZ) geneigte Längswände (2a, 2b) umfaßt, wobei jede an eine Längs-Deckenwand (3a, 3b) angrenzt, und
    -- zwei Abschluß-Querwände (21), die vorzugsweise symmetrisch vertikal oder geneigt in Bezug auf eine vertikale transversale Symmetrieebene (YOZ) sind.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sammelbecken (1) Stützpfeiler (40, 41) aufweist, von denen einige vorzugsweise einziehbar sind (41), wobei diese Pfeiler so ausgebildet sind, daß sie in quasi isostatischer Weise das Sammelbecken stützen können, wenn es mittels der Pfeiler vorzugsweise mit dem offenen Boden des Sammelbeckens in einer im wesentlichen horizontalen Position auf dem Meeresboden aufgesetzt ist, wobei diese ggf. ausgefahren sind.
  18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Struktur außen ausgestattet ist mit:
    - Befestigungselementen (10, 10a, 10b, 141), die eine Befestigung von Kabeln (12, 14) oder Ketten (13) ermöglichen, welche das Absenken der Struktur von der Oberfläche (15) und das Absetzen, und wenn nötig das Verankern (151, 152) auf dem Meeresboden (7) ermöglichen, und
    - vorzugsweise Antriebsmitteln (16), vorzugsweise orientierbare Antriebsmittel, welche die Verlagerung der Struktur in horizontaler Richtung ermöglichen, um diese oberhalb des Wracks (6) zu positionieren.
  19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sukzessive folgende Schritte durchgeführt werden, in denen:
    1) die abgedichteten Kammern (4) vollständig oder teilweise mit einem Fluid, das vorzugsweise leichter als Meereswasser ist, gefüllt werden und das Füllungsverhältnis der abgedichteten Kammern (4) eingestellt wird, um die Struktur (1) im Gleichgewicht in unmittelbarer Nähe unter der Wasseroberfläche zu positionieren, und
    2) die Struktur (1) mittels eines Sinkkontrollsystems gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 derart abgesenkt wird, daß die Geschwindigkeit des Absenkens des Sammelbeckens so geregelt wird, daß das Gleichgewicht des offenen Bodens der Struktur in horizontaler Position während des Absenkens gewährleistet wird, und
    3) wenn die Struktur (1) sich in gewünschter Tiefe in Position befindet, die abgedichteten Kammern (4) von dem Fluid, das leichter als das Meereswasser ist, geleert und gleichzeitig mit Meereswasser aufgefüllt werden.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - im Schritt 1) ein zusätzlicher Auftrieb der Struktur mit Hilfe der ersten Schwimmerelemente (19), die aus zusätzlichen Schwimmern (19) gebildet und mit dem Sammelbecken verbunden sind, erzeugt wird, und
    - im Schritt 3), wenn die Struktur in der gewünschten Position ist, die zusätzlichen Schwimmer (19) abgenommen werden.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - nach Schritt 1) und vor Schritt 2), während die Struktur die gewünschte Position erreicht, die Längen der schweren Kabel (oder Ketten) (12), die unter den Haken (10, 10a, 10b) der Struktur hängen, reduziert werden, so daß die Struktur (1) im Schwebezustand stabilisiert wird, und
    - wenn nötig die Verankerung (14, 151-152) der Struktur (1) auf dem Meeresboden (7) vorgenommen wird und dann
    - die schweren Kabel (oder Ketten) (12) komplett abgesenkt werden, damit ihr volles Gewicht zur Stabilisierung der Struktur beiträgt.
  22. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Struktur ein Sammelbecken ist und Stützpfeiler (40, 41) umfaßt, von denen mindestens einige (41) vorzugsweise einziehbar sind, und daß diese einziehbaren Stützpfeiler ggf. so ausgefahren werden, daß das Sammelbecken (1) auf dem Meeresboden sich auf jeden dieser Pfeiler in quasi isostatischer Weise stützt, vorzugsweise mit der offenen Basis des Sammelbeckens in horizontaler Position.
  23. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sammelbecken (1) oberhalb und auf der Achse des Wracks (6) durch Betätigen der Antriebsmittel (16), die auf der Außenfläche des Sammelbeckens (1) montiert und vorzugsweise symmetrisch auf dessen Umfang verteilt sind, positioniert wird.
  24. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fluid zum Auffüllen der abgedichteten Kammern (4), welches leichter als Meereswasser ist, Diesel, Öl, Süßwasser oder ein verflüssigtes Gas, welches leichter als Meereswasser, wie zum Beispiel Propan, Butan oder Ammoniak, ist.
  25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    - in Schritt 1) die abgedichteten Kammern (4) mit einem ersten Fluid, das leichter ist als Meereswasser, gefüllt werden, und
    - in Schritt 2) die Struktur (1) bis in eine Tiefe von 30 bis 60 Metern abgesenkt wird, was einem Druck von 3 bis 6 bar entspricht, wonach ein verflüssigtes Gas, das leichter ist als Meereswasser, unter Druck in die abgedichteten Kammern (4) eingeführt wird, und zwar von einem Gasversorgungsschiff von der Oberfläche aus.
  26. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Struktur ein Sammelbecken ist und daß ein Teil des inneren Volumens des Sammelbeckens (1), der an der oberen Seite durch die Decke (3, 3a, 3b) des Sammelbeckens (1) und auf der unteren Seite durch eine Plane oder Membran (21) abgegrenzt ist, welche sich zwischen den Seitenwänden (2, 2a, 2b, 21) spannt, mit einem Fluid gefüllt wird, das leichter ist als Meereswasser, vorzugsweise Süßwasser, in einer Weise, daß ein komplementärer Auftrieb während des Transportes des Sammelbeckens an der Oberfläche und/oder des Absenkens des Sammelbeckens auf den Meeresboden erzeugt wird, und
    - wenn das Sammelbecken nahe dem Meeresboden (7) ist, die Plane oder Membran (21) abgenommen wird und das Sammelbecken auf den Meeresboden (7) über das Wrack (6) gesetzt wird, vorzugsweise mittels der Stützen (40, 41 ), die, wenn nötig, ausgefahren werden, und daß das Fluid, das leichter ist als Meereswasser, aus dem Inneren des Sammelbeckens durch die obere Austrittsöffnung (9) dann evakuiert wird, wenn das Sammelbecken nahe dem Meeresboden (7) ist.
  27. Verfahren zur Aufnahme von Verunreinigungen, die leichter sind als Meereswasser, welche in den Vorratsräumen eines Schiffswracks (6) enthalten sind, welches sich auf dem Meeresboden (7) befindet, umfassend folgende Schritte:
    1) es wird ein Sammelbecken mittels eines Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 26 in Position gebracht, und
    2) es werden die Verunreinigungen im Inneren des Sammelbeckens (1) aufgenommen, wonach sie mittels der oberen Austrittsöffnung (9) evakuiert werden.
  28. Verfahren nach Anspruch 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Schritt 2) die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden:
    - ein leerer Pendeltank wird abgesenkt, und
    - der Pendeltank (32) wird oberhalb des Sammelbeckens (1) positioniert, so daß seine untere offene Öffnung sich genau über der Ablaßöffnung (9) des Sammelbeckens befindet, und
    - der Pendeltank (32) wird vorzugsweise am Sammelbecken (1) verankert, und
    - die Verunreinigungen (8) werden in den Pendeltank evakuiert, und
    - wenn dieser voll ist, wird der Pendeltank (32) vom Sammelbecken (1) abgekoppelt und der mit den Verunreinigungen gefüllte Tank zur Oberfläche gehoben.
EP04742350A 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Vorrichtung und verfahren für die stabilisierung und kontrolle der niedergang und des aufstiegs einer schweren struktur zwischen meeresoberfläche und meeresboden Expired - Lifetime EP1606160B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04742350A EP1606160B1 (de) 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Vorrichtung und verfahren für die stabilisierung und kontrolle der niedergang und des aufstiegs einer schweren struktur zwischen meeresoberfläche und meeresboden

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0303969 2003-03-26
FR0303969A FR2852917B1 (fr) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Receptacle a compartiments etanches et procede de mise en place pour recuperer des effluents polluants d'une epave
EP03358019A EP1449763B1 (de) 2003-02-21 2003-11-18 Verfahren und Installation zur Ausflussrückgewinnung am Meer durch Benutzung eines Pendelreservoirs
EP03358019 2003-11-18
EP04358002 2004-02-26
EP04358002A EP1568600B1 (de) 2004-02-26 2004-02-26 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Befestigen einer Basiskonstruktion auf einer Wandfläche am Meeresgrund
EP04742350A EP1606160B1 (de) 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Vorrichtung und verfahren für die stabilisierung und kontrolle der niedergang und des aufstiegs einer schweren struktur zwischen meeresoberfläche und meeresboden
PCT/FR2004/000742 WO2004087495A2 (fr) 2003-03-26 2004-03-25 Dispositif et procede de stabilisation et de controle de la descente ou remontee d’une structure lourde entre la surface et le fond de la mer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1606160A2 EP1606160A2 (de) 2005-12-21
EP1606160B1 true EP1606160B1 (de) 2007-01-17

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US (1) US20070089656A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1606160B1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004004382D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2280032T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2004087495A2 (de)

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FR2860810B1 (fr) * 2003-10-13 2005-12-30 Technip France Procede et dispositif de recuperation du petrole d'un reservoir dispose sur un fond marin, notamment d'une epave
US7481173B2 (en) * 2004-06-23 2009-01-27 Sbm-Imodco, Inc. Floating lowering and lifting device
FR2913228B1 (fr) 2007-03-02 2009-05-29 Saipem S A Sa Dispositif de decoupe et ouverture/fermeture d'un orifice dans une paroi au fond de la mer
FR2960903B1 (fr) * 2010-06-08 2013-06-21 Christian Jean Henri Bride Systeme d'arret de fuite de petrole et/ou de gaz en milieu sous-marin ou sous-lacustre avec recuperation totale du petrole fuyant et/ou du gaz fuyant
NO331634B1 (no) * 2010-08-23 2012-02-13 Oil Well Closure And Prot As Offshorestruktur
WO2012149104A2 (en) * 2011-04-27 2012-11-01 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Methods of establishing and/or maintaining flow of hydrocarbons during subsea operations
US8778259B2 (en) 2011-05-25 2014-07-15 Gerhard B. Beckmann Self-renewing cutting surface, tool and method for making same using powder metallurgy and densification techniques
NO341496B1 (no) 2014-01-03 2017-11-27 Subsea Logistics As Undersjøisk lagringsenhet og -system, og fremgangsmåte
CN107010186B (zh) * 2017-03-24 2018-11-13 中国船舶科学研究中心（中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所） 一种深海高压干式维修装置
KR20210124808A (ko) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-15 엘지전자 주식회사 히트 펌프 시스템용 온수 탱크 및 이의 제어 방법
CN112960073B (zh) * 2021-02-02 2022-08-30 湖北脉辉金茂机械有限公司 远洋船体搬运升降装置
CN115027621B (zh) * 2022-06-20 2023-09-19 广州海运渤船舶工程有限公司 一种全海深目标打捞着陆器

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FR1448159A (fr) * 1965-06-18 1966-01-28 Chaîne marine élastique oscillante pour l'ancrage de bateaux et câbles sous-marins
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FR2804935B1 (fr) * 2000-02-11 2002-06-07 Bouygues Offshore Procede et installation de recuperation d'effluents en mer
FR2839110B1 (fr) * 2002-04-29 2004-12-03 Technip Coflexip Systeme de colonne montante reliant une installation sous-marine fixe a une unite de surface flottante

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004087495A3 (fr) 2004-11-18
US20070089656A1 (en) 2007-04-26
DE602004004382D1 (de) 2007-03-08
ES2280032T3 (es) 2007-09-01
WO2004087495A2 (fr) 2004-10-14
WO2004087495A8 (fr) 2005-07-07
EP1606160A2 (de) 2005-12-21

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