EP1442807A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un profilé de construction avec une section creuse fermée et profilé de construction ainsi obtenu - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un profilé de construction avec une section creuse fermée et profilé de construction ainsi obtenu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1442807A1
EP1442807A1 EP04090027A EP04090027A EP1442807A1 EP 1442807 A1 EP1442807 A1 EP 1442807A1 EP 04090027 A EP04090027 A EP 04090027A EP 04090027 A EP04090027 A EP 04090027A EP 1442807 A1 EP1442807 A1 EP 1442807A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
profile
another
web
flange
construction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04090027A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ummenhofer
Udo Prof. Dr.-Ing. Pfeil
Arved Haasler
Maik Render
Marcus Lippe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Peiner Traeger GmbH
Original Assignee
Peiner Traeger GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10311415A external-priority patent/DE10311415A1/de
Application filed by Peiner Traeger GmbH filed Critical Peiner Traeger GmbH
Publication of EP1442807A1 publication Critical patent/EP1442807A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
    • B21D47/01—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures beams or pillars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0439—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the cross-section comprising open parts and hollow parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/046—L- or T-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0469—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section triangular-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/08—Structures made of specified materials of metal
    • E04H12/10—Truss-like structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a construction profile with a closed hollow cross section according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Hollow profiles are available on the market as cold or hot formed as well as extruded Round tube and square or rectangular hollow profiles offered. Have such hollow profiles static advantages in terms of torsional stiffness and favorable stability behavior, especially a slight tendency to buckle.
  • Angle bars as L-profiles reach their limit. Here they are available standing dimensions and material thicknesses are no longer sufficient to meet the required To ensure moments of resistance or inertia.
  • JP 56105837 A describes a cross-shaped support which consists of two double-T supports is made.
  • Each double T-beam has two flanges, one over one Web are connected to each other and extend on both sides of the web.
  • the jetty Both double-T beams are angled 90 ° in the middle in the longitudinal direction of the beam, the two beams being welded to one another at the bending edges, that a cross-shaped profile is created in the corner areas.
  • Such carriers become For example, used as a reinforcement for pile foundations, the of which Flanges and webs formed each room is poured with concrete.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a construction profile provide closed hollow cross-section, which is easy to carry out, the construction profile thus produced is easy to assemble with a high level of operational stability of connections united.
  • this object is achieved in that the flanges are bent of the web are moved towards one another in the longitudinal direction of the profile beam, that one flange edge of a flange directly corresponding to the other lies opposite or abuts against it and the two flanges are connected to one another.
  • the process according to the invention creates a construction profile with a closed one Hollow cross section creates that the advantages in terms of torsional rigidity and the stability behavior with the excellent properties of the angle profiles regarding the operational strength and easy assembly.
  • the used Profile carrier preferably commercially available I-profiles or special rolled profiles in one Numerous dimensions available with regard to both the flanges and the web are.
  • An advantageous development of the invention provides that the flanges on each other opposite cohesive flange edges are cohesively connected, preferably in such a way that they are together over the entire length of the profile beam be welded, which is advantageous due to automated welding afterwards to the bending process.
  • the predetermined bending points are preferably parallel to the longitudinal extent of the profile beam arranged so that a bend around an axis parallel can take place for the longitudinal extension of the profile beam.
  • a plurality of predetermined bending points arranged parallel to one another are provided in the web which is bent so that the web of three or more are aligned at an angle to each other Thighs.
  • the web With only one predetermined bending point (bending line) or with one Bending around only one axis, the web becomes a connection angle of the flanges with two legs.
  • the bending process can be carried out immediately after the rolling process, if the profile carrier is still in a heated state, however, is possible bending even after cooling or subsequent heating of the bending points by induction, gas or the like.
  • the bending process itself can be done in several, discrete Steps or continuously in an uninterrupted bending process.
  • a one-piece I-beam or a rolled I-beam is advantageously used as the profile beam used, alternatively an asymmetrical profile beam can be used, on which It is important to ensure that flange sections protrude on both sides so that a closed hollow cross-section with protruding flange sections or flange halves arises.
  • the cell size of the hollow cross section is formed.
  • the contour of the hollow cross section can also be designed according to the requirement that is, different angles can be realized between the flanges become.
  • the web itself can also be rounded to relieve the tension inside to minimize the material.
  • material thickening in the web is formed, along which the bend takes place, so that at the There is a greater wall thickness than on the back of the finished construction profile the sides of the profile.
  • material thickening bending points or predetermined bending points are formed, along which the bend takes place, so that at the There is a greater wall thickness than on the back of the finished construction profile the sides of the profile.
  • the flange edges are particularly shaped, for example with a chamfer so that the connection of the flanges over the welding of the Flange edges can be done particularly easily.
  • the chamfers can be on the flange edge advantageously already be generated during rolling. A subsequent chamfer, for example by flame cutting is also possible.
  • a construction profile according to the invention can be used with a closed hollow cross-section by connecting a base profile beam with a support element or by connecting two identical profile supports be formed.
  • the carrier element is arranged such that to form the closed hollow cross section, one end edge of the carrier element with one leg and the other end edge of the carrier element with the other Leg of the base support is connected so that a portion of the respective leg of the profile beam protrudes beyond the connection point.
  • connection between the base profile carrier and the carrier element is preferably carried out Welding.
  • the support elements can optionally be used as T, double T, as an angle profile, as Flat material, be designed as a U-profile or Y-profile.
  • the base profile beam is preferred a 90 ° angle, but also angles of 30 ° or 60 ° can be advantageous.
  • a flat material e.g. B. sheet to arrange.
  • two profile carriers of identical design are joined together connected. These are preferably T-beams, with the edges of the two on top of each other aligned webs and the edges of the two facing flanges together are connected.
  • the two T-beams are preferably at right angles to one another arranged.
  • each other between the two T-beam is a flat material that forms the bisector or a third T-beam to arrange.
  • the flange of the third T-beam is from the connection point away.
  • a particularly preferred use of the construction profile according to the invention provides that it be used as a support for truss constructions or as a construction element is used, the connection of several such profiles by screwing Flange sections or partial sections of legs with HV screws over tabs or cut connections is possible. This allows these profiles to be easily assembled, have a very good fatigue behavior without the disadvantages of L-profiles, especially with regard to the bending twist and their direction-dependent Bending behavior under load. In addition, the number of screw connections required significantly reduced compared to the use of L-profiles.
  • Figures 1-4 show a schematic cross-sectional view on the left side of a profile beam 1, 1 ', which is designed as a so-called I-beam or double-T beam and preferably consists of a rolled profile.
  • a profile carrier 1, 1 ' consists of two flanges 2, 2', 3, 3 'arranged essentially parallel to each other, which are connected by a centrally arranged web 4, 4'.
  • the inner and / or outer flange surfaces can also not be parallel, for. B. inclined, be formed.
  • the bending process takes place according to FIGS. 1 and 2 around a bending line 5, which lies essentially in the middle of the web 4, 4 'between the flanges 2, 2', 3, 3 '.
  • the bending line 5 runs essentially parallel to the longitudinal extent of the profile carrier 1, 1 ', preferably in the neutral plane or neutral fiber.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 While in FIGS. 1 and 2 the bending of the web 4, 4 'takes place with sharp edges on the bending line 5, in FIG. 4 a rounded design of the bending area of the web 4, 4' is provided.
  • the geometry of the hollow cross-section as well as its dimensioning depend on the dimensions of the starting profile of the profile carrier 1, 1 '.
  • FIG. 1 While a wide-flange I-beam 1 is used in FIG. 1 , an I-beam 1 'with a narrow flange 2', 3 'and high web 4' is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , which leads to different dimensions of the construction profile.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show different possibilities of connecting the two flanges 2, 3, the flange edges 12, 13 in FIG. 5 touching one another in a line and at a right angle to one another. A cohesive connection can then be established via a weld seam 15, which is designed as a V-seam.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 each schematically show a section of a web 4 with advantageous predetermined bending points 14, wherein in FIG. 7 opposing predetermined bending points 14 are formed as grooves or recesses. In Figure 8 , such a groove is formed as a notch on one side only.
  • a predetermined bending point can advantageously be in the form of a reduction in the cross-sectional thickness in the web 4 already incorporated on one or both sides during the manufacture of the profile support 1, or rolled in.
  • bending of the web 4 is also without Groove or predetermined bending point 14 possible.
  • the web 4 can also be spaced apart from one another at regular or irregular intervals Breakthroughs are provided so that there is a so-called honeycomb carrier.
  • the bending lines 5 run through the web openings, which makes access to the hollow profile is improved if necessary.
  • a flange half or a Flange section protrudes beyond the hollow cross section, so that the protruding Flange sections can be screwed very easily.
  • the legs or the web 4, 4 'recesses in the form of hand holes have, so that a symmetrical screwing of the flanges 2, 2 ', 3, 3' over Tabs or the like can be done.
  • the loss of stability caused by the hand holes arises is through the gain in stability by the otherwise closed Hollow cross section more than balanced.
  • the flange edges 12, 13 lying on or against one another are advantageously over the entire length is welded, alternatively batches can be welded.
  • these can also be carried out via screw connections, rivets or the like.
  • FIG. 9 shows a base profile carrier 6 in the form of an L profile, which is connected to a T carrier 9 in such a way that a triangular, closed hollow cross section 10 is formed. Sections of the legs 7, 8 protrude beyond the triangular hollow cross-section 10, the web of the welded-in T-beam 9 pointing outwards and running approximately on the bisector of the legs 7, 8 of the L-profile.
  • FIG. 10 shows two T-beams 19, 20 welded together, the welding being carried out on the flange edges and the web edges, so that a square hollow cross section 10 is produced.
  • welding it is possible to obtain the same construction profile by combining two L profiles.
  • FIG. 11 shows a base profile carrier 6 in the form of an L-profile with a welded-in flat material 16, so that a triangular, closed hollow cross section 10 is realized.
  • a U-profile 17 with the parallel legs is welded into the L-profile, whereby a pentagonal, closed hollow cross-section 10 is created.
  • a Y profile 18 is connected to a base profile carrier 6 in the form of an L profile, the flange edges of the Y profile 18 being arranged on the legs 7, 8 of the L profile.
  • the web of the Y profile 18 runs on the bisector of the L profile and points outwards.
  • two T-beams 19, 20 are welded to a flat material 30 such that this flat material 30 diagonally divides the closed hollow cross section 10 into two triangles.
  • the flat material 30 projects beyond the web edges of the two T-beams 19, 20.
  • a U-profile 17 is connected to a base profile carrier 6 in the form of an L-profile in such a way that the parallel legs of the U-profile 17 point outwards, so that a closed triangular hollow cross section 10 is created.
  • FIG. 21 shows a basic profile carrier 6 in the form of an L-profile with a welded-in double T-carrier 21, two flange edges of a flange being welded to the legs 7, 8 of the L-profile, so that a closed triangular shape is also used Hollow cross section 10 arises.
  • FIG. 22 shows a combination of three T-beams 9, 19, 20, which is constructed similarly to FIG. 14, but the flat material 30 is formed by the web of the third T-beam 9.
  • FIGS. 9 to 14, 18 and 21 and 22 have in common that the projecting legs 7, 8 of the L-profile run at a right angle to one another, so that preferably square constructions with such construction profiles can be erected.
  • a base profile carrier 6 ' is shown in FIG. 15 , which corresponds to that of FIG. 9 , but the base profile carrier 6' is formed at an angle of 60 °, so that the closed hollow cross section 10 forms an equilateral triangle.
  • FIG. 16 corresponds to the structure of the cross section of FIG. 10, but the flanges 22, 23 of the two T-profiles 19, 20 are formed at an angle of 60 ° to one another, so that a triangular, closed hollow cross section 10 is created.
  • FIG. 17 shows a construction profile made of a base profile carrier 6, the legs 7, 8 of which are at an angle of 60 ° to one another, with a flat material 16 used, so that a triangular, closed hollow cross section 10 is formed.
  • Figure 19 shows a variant of the embodiment of Figure 16 , wherein a web lying on the bisector of the projecting legs 7, 8 is formed by a Y profile 18, which is welded into the base profile carrier 6.
  • the construction profile according to FIG. 19 is to be produced from three elements, in which two T-beams are welded to one another on the webs and one flange side each, and a band iron or flat material is welded onto the connection point of the webs.
  • FIG. 20 shows a variant of the construction profile according to FIG. 14, in which the flange sections 22, 23 lie at an angle of 60 ° to one another; the same applies to FIGS. 23 and 24, which are designed analogously to FIGS. 21 and 22 .
  • FIG. 25 shows a profile carrier 1 'which has a material thickening 25 in the middle of the web 4', which is preferably produced by a rolling process.
  • the profile carrier 1' is bent so that the flange edges of the flanges 2 'and 3' lie directly opposite one another or on top of one another and can be welded to one another at an angle ⁇ .
  • the flange edges of the flanges 2 'and 3' are advantageously provided with a corresponding welding chamfer, in particular with a rolled chamfer, so that the welding of the flanges 2 ', 3' is particularly simple.
  • the material thickening 25 of the web 4 ' is in the final state of the construction profile reaches a greater wall thickness in the area of the profile that the connection seam the flanges 2 ', 3' is opposite.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
EP04090027A 2003-01-29 2004-01-29 Procédé de fabrication d'un profilé de construction avec une section creuse fermée et profilé de construction ainsi obtenu Withdrawn EP1442807A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10303554 2003-01-29
DE10303554 2003-01-29
DE10311415A DE10311415A1 (de) 2003-01-29 2003-03-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlprofils aus einem Profilträger
DE10311415 2003-03-13

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EP1442807A1 true EP1442807A1 (fr) 2004-08-04

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EP04090027A Withdrawn EP1442807A1 (fr) 2003-01-29 2004-01-29 Procédé de fabrication d'un profilé de construction avec une section creuse fermée et profilé de construction ainsi obtenu

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004044320A1 (de) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-30 Oehme, Hermann R. Gitterturm für Windenergieanlage
DE102004044312A1 (de) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-30 Oehme, Hermann R. Hohlprofil, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlprofils, Verwendung eine Hohlprofils
WO2007042064A1 (fr) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Hermann Oehme Profile creux, procede de fabrication et utilisation associes
WO2008058714A1 (fr) * 2006-11-14 2008-05-22 Hermann Oehme Profilé creux destiné en particulier à une tour de charpente, procédé de réalisation d'un profilé creux et tour de charpente comprenant au moins trois montants d'angle
DE102007039957A1 (de) 2007-08-23 2009-02-26 Seeba Technik Gmbh Dreieckprofil
DE102008018852A1 (de) 2008-04-15 2009-10-22 Seeba Technik Gmbh Stapelprofil
WO2010121630A2 (fr) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Ruukki Dortmund Gmbh Mât pour aérogénérateur
WO2012052086A1 (fr) * 2010-10-22 2012-04-26 Rautaruukki Oyj Tour
EP2959985A3 (fr) * 2014-06-27 2016-01-06 Bilstein GmbH & Co. KG Poutre profilée en feuillard laminé à froid ayant une résistance à la flexion accrue et son procédé de production

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE481022A (fr) *
FR921439A (fr) * 1945-11-14 1947-05-07 éléments métalliques pour construction, tels que poutres, poutrelles, membrures et autres analogues

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE481022A (fr) *
FR921439A (fr) * 1945-11-14 1947-05-07 éléments métalliques pour construction, tels que poutres, poutrelles, membrures et autres analogues

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004044320A1 (de) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-30 Oehme, Hermann R. Gitterturm für Windenergieanlage
DE102004044312A1 (de) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-30 Oehme, Hermann R. Hohlprofil, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlprofils, Verwendung eine Hohlprofils
WO2007042064A1 (fr) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Hermann Oehme Profile creux, procede de fabrication et utilisation associes
WO2008058714A1 (fr) * 2006-11-14 2008-05-22 Hermann Oehme Profilé creux destiné en particulier à une tour de charpente, procédé de réalisation d'un profilé creux et tour de charpente comprenant au moins trois montants d'angle
DE102007039957A1 (de) 2007-08-23 2009-02-26 Seeba Technik Gmbh Dreieckprofil
US8522502B2 (en) 2007-08-23 2013-09-03 Rautaruukki Oyj Pole construction for framework towers of wind power plants
DE102008018852A1 (de) 2008-04-15 2009-10-22 Seeba Technik Gmbh Stapelprofil
WO2010121630A2 (fr) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Ruukki Dortmund Gmbh Mât pour aérogénérateur
WO2010121630A3 (fr) * 2009-04-22 2011-05-26 Ruukki Dortmund Gmbh Mât pour aérogénérateur
US8474212B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-07-02 Rautaruukki Oyj Tower for a wind power plant
WO2012052086A1 (fr) * 2010-10-22 2012-04-26 Rautaruukki Oyj Tour
EP2959985A3 (fr) * 2014-06-27 2016-01-06 Bilstein GmbH & Co. KG Poutre profilée en feuillard laminé à froid ayant une résistance à la flexion accrue et son procédé de production

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