EP1440280B1 - Bougie de prechauffage electrique et procede de fabrication de celle-ci - Google Patents

Bougie de prechauffage electrique et procede de fabrication de celle-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1440280B1
EP1440280B1 EP02758098A EP02758098A EP1440280B1 EP 1440280 B1 EP1440280 B1 EP 1440280B1 EP 02758098 A EP02758098 A EP 02758098A EP 02758098 A EP02758098 A EP 02758098A EP 1440280 B1 EP1440280 B1 EP 1440280B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating coil
glow
oxygen
glow plug
glow tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02758098A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1440280A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Reissner
Armin Kussmaul
Steffen Carbon
Christoph Kern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10157466A external-priority patent/DE10157466A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1440280A1 publication Critical patent/EP1440280A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1440280B1 publication Critical patent/EP1440280B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electrically heatable glow plug and a method for producing an electrically heatable glow plug.
  • an electrically heatable glow plug for internal combustion engines which includes a closed end, corrosion-resistant glow tube, which receives a filling of an electrically non-conductive compacted powder, in which an electrically conductive coil is embedded.
  • the coil comprises a heating coil. This is made of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy. In the area of the heating coil, the electrically conductive coil is hardened on its surface. As a result, the coil can withstand the mechanical stress during the compression process without damage.
  • an electrically heatable glow plug for internal combustion engines which comprises a glow plug made of a corrosion-resistant metal shell.
  • a glow plug made of a corrosion-resistant metal shell.
  • the glow plug is a compacted powder filling contain.
  • an electrically conductive coil is embedded.
  • a getter material for binding the oxygen contained in the compressed powder filling is provided in the glow plug.
  • the getter material may be distributed in the form of electrically non-conductive particles in the compacted powder filling. These may consist of silicon or metal oxides of such metals which oxidize in several oxidation states and have a higher affinity for oxygen than the helical material, the getter material in the initial state containing the metal oxides in their first oxidation state.
  • a heating element in which a helix is arranged in a sleeve and embedded in an electrically insulating powder.
  • the powder comprises 0.1 to 10% by weight of an oxide and thereby prevents the oxidation of the metallic portion of the helix.
  • the electrically heatable glow plug and the method for producing an electrically heatable glow plug with the features of the independent claims have the advantage over that oxygen donors are provided in the glow tube to form an aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the heating coil before or during the heating of the heating coil. In this way, in the case of penetration of air into the glow tube, the formation of nitrides in the edge layers of the heating coil and thus a local increase in electrical resistance and premature failure of the heating coil is prevented.
  • Another advantage is that evaporation of aluminum from the alloy can be largely suppressed.
  • a little complicated realization of the supply of oxygen donors results when the heating coil is embedded in the glow tube in a first insulating powder, wherein the first insulating powder comprises a material acting as an oxygen donor material.
  • the oxygen donor is formed as a metal oxide, which can oxidize in several oxidation stages and is present in its highest oxidation state. In this way, the oxygen release of the metal oxide is favored considerably.
  • the oxidic ceramic powder comprises a metal oxide which can release oxygen by reducing formation under reducing conditions.
  • the oxygen donors in the form of oxygen molecules are introduced under pressure into the glow tube.
  • the pressure of the oxygen concentration in the glow tube can be increased and an oxidation of the Schurylober Structure to the formation of aluminum oxide can be realized by the oxygen molecules, without requiring heating of the heating coil by a heating current is required.
  • the heating coil already before the first operation, ie before the first heating by a heating current through an Oyxd Anlagen be protected from nitridation.
  • a further advantage consists in that a control coil adjoining the heating coil is embedded in a second insulating powder which is as free as possible of oxygen donors and / or comprises getter material for binding oxygen.
  • a material which does not form a protective oxide layer under the influence of oxygen donors can be used for the control coil, as is the case, for example, with cobalt-iron alloys. Corrosion of the control coil can thus be prevented or at least significantly delayed by using the second insulating powder, which is as free of oxygen donors as possible.
  • interfering oxygen molecules can be bound in the range of the control coil.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an electrically heatable glow plug according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of an electrically heatable glow plug according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1, 1 denotes a glow plug designed as a glow plug for an internal combustion engine.
  • the glow plug 1 comprises a plug housing 40 with a thread 45 for screwing into a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
  • the plug housing 40 further comprises a hexagon 50, over which the glow plug or the candle housing 40 by means of a turning tool, such as a hexagonal wrench, can be screwed into the cylinder head or unscrewed from the cylinder head.
  • a glow tube 5 is pressed and protrudes combustion chamber side, ie at the opposite end of the hexagon 50 of the plug housing 40 from the plug housing 40 out.
  • the glow tube 5 is closed on the combustion chamber side at its end.
  • the cross section of the glow tube 5 can be reduced as in this example. A reduction of this cross section is not absolutely necessary.
  • the glow plug 1 protrudes into the combustion chamber only with the region 20 of reduced cross-section.
  • the glow tube 5 comprises a heating coil 10, which is welded to the combustion chamber-side tip 55 of the glow tube 5.
  • the heating coil 10 is adjoined by a control coil 60, which is arranged in the region of the glow tube 5 whose cross-section is not reduced.
  • the control coil 60 contacts a connecting bolt 65 which is connectable to the positive pole of a vehicle battery.
  • the glow tube 5 is still sealed within the plug housing 40 by a Vitonring 70 against environmental influences.
  • Another sealing ring 75 seals the combustion chamber remote from the plug housing 40 protruding connecting pin 65 against the plug housing 40 from.
  • An insulating disk 80 adjoining the sealing ring 75 subsequent combustion chamber 80 serves to electrically insulate the connecting bolt 65 from the plug housing 40 and thus electrically insulates the connecting bolt 65 from the plug housing 40, the electrical potential of which lies on vehicle ground.
  • a ring nut 85 presses the insulating disk 80 on the plug housing 40 and the sealing ring 75 in the plug housing 40th
  • the glow tube 5 is metallic and is due to the pressing in the plug housing 40 also with its electrical potential on the vehicle ground.
  • the heating coil 10 is welded to the control coil 60 at a connection point 90.
  • Vitonrings 70 The function of the Vitonrings 70 is of considerable importance, since it consists of a soft, insulating material and thus seals the connecting pin 65 at its projecting into the glow tube 5 for contacting the control coil 60 end not only electrically insulating against the plug housing 40, but also the Ingress of air into the combustion chamber remote open glow tube 5 prevented. This seal should be as reliable as possible.
  • the heating coil 10 consists for example of a ferritic steel with aluminum content, for example, an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy.
  • the control coil may for example be formed of pure nickel or a cobalt-iron alloy in a proportion of 6-18 weight percent cobalt and has the function of a variable temperature coefficient resistor.
  • an electrically insulating and after hammering of the glow tube 5 compressed powder filling 25,30 is provided in the glow tube 5, which ensures that the heating coil 10 and the control coil 60 fixedly housed inside the glow tube 5 and fixed and against the glow tube 5 outside the top 55 of the glow tube 5 are electrically isolated.
  • the powder filling used is generally magnesium oxide.
  • the powder filling provides for a thermal connection between the glow tube 5 and the heating coil 10 and the control coil 60th
  • the alloy of the heating coil 10 normally protects itself with sufficient oxygen supply in a short time by the formation of a thin Al 2 O 3 layer against further corrosion.
  • this requirement is not given in the glow plug 1 due to a usually occurring initial lack of oxygen.
  • Nitrogen in contrast to oxygen, which forms a protective aluminum oxide layer in the surface of the heating coil 10, leads to an internal nitridation, ie to the formation of aluminum nitride in the material of the heating coil 10.
  • the result is a local increase in the electrical resistance of the heating coil 10, the one higher voltage drop and thus greater heating of the heating coil 10 has the consequence and can lead to premature failure of the heating coil 10.
  • the Isolierpulver sleepllung is added to act as an oxygen donating material that releases oxygen at high temperatures and thus promotes the formation of a protective layer of aluminum oxide on the heating coil 10.
  • the formation of nitrides in the surface layers of the heating coil 10 is prevented.
  • the aluminum oxide layer is at least partially realized already during the first heating of the heating coil 10 by a heating current at which temperatures of over 1000 degrees Celsius are reached.
  • the material of the control coil 60 has no aluminum content and also no silicon content as in the example described here, it does not form a protective oxide layer with the oxygen emitted by the oxygen donors, but instead corrodes. This should be prevented. Therefore, in this case, the material acting as Sauerstoffdonator insulating powder filling should be added only in the area 20 at the top 55 of the glow tube 5, in which the heating coil 10 is located. The material acting as an oxygen donor should thus be present only in the region of the heating coil 10 and not in the region of the control coil 60.
  • the Isolierpulveryogllung enriched with acting as oxygen donating material Isolierpulver colllung is indicated in Figure 1 by the reference numeral 25 and is referred to below as the first insulating powder.
  • the subsequently filled into the glow tube 5 insulating powder in which the control coil 60 is embedded, should not contain acting as an oxygen donating material in this example and be formed, for example, of pure magnesium oxide.
  • the insulating powder which is free of oxygen donor-acting materials is indicated by the reference numeral 30 in Fig. 1 and constitutes a second insulating powder.
  • the second insulating powder 30 may be a gettering material for bonding of oxygen such as Si, Ti, Al or reduced metal oxides such as FeO, Ti 2 O 3 .
  • electrically conductive getter material such as Si, Ti, Al
  • the second insulating powder 30 must contain electrically insulating material such as Mg0, in considerably greater concentration than the getter material.
  • the material acting as an oxygen donor may be formed, for example, as an oxide ceramic powder.
  • the ceramic powder may be a metal oxide of a metal that can oxidize in several oxidation states. In order to promote the release of oxygen, this metal oxide can be present in an initial state in its highest oxidation state.
  • TiO 2 can be used as oxygen donor.
  • an oxygen donor an oxidic ceramic powder or metal oxide, which give under reducing conditions, as given in the region 20 at the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 by the aluminum portion of the heating coil 10, oxygen, so that in Crystal lattice of the metal oxide concerned gives a defect by missing oxygen atoms.
  • an oxygen donor for example, ZrO 2 can be selected.
  • a content of acting as an oxygen donor material in the first insulating powder 25 in a range of already about 0.1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight, the remaining portion of the first insulating powder 25 may be formed for example by magnesium oxide.
  • the glow tube 5 in the second embodiment of Figure 2 comprises no control coil but an electronic protected against oxidation Control element 95, which may include, for example, a temperature sensor and a dependent of the determined temperature keying of the heating coil 10 supplied current and will not be described in detail here. Also can be completely dispensed with a control coil or a control element.
  • a third insulating powder 15 is provided in the entire region of the glow tube 5 that is formed of an electrically insulating material such as magnesium oxide and is free of oxygen donors.
  • the heating coil 10 is connected via the control element 95 to the connecting bolt 65, wherein the control element 95 may also be arranged as possible brennraumfern, so as not to be heated too much. It can now be provided that prior to the first operation of the glow plug 1 in the glow tube 5, an opening 35 is drilled, the opening 35 should be outside the area 20 at the top 55 of the glow tube 5 with the heating coil 10, since this area due its cross-section reduction could be too sensitive for a hole. However, if there are no stability problems in the region 20 at the tip 55 of the glow tube 5, it is also conceivable to attach the bore 35 there, ie directly in the region of the heating coil 10.
  • the opening 35 is only attached after the heating coil 10 and possibly the Regulating element 95 introduced into the region 20 at the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 and the glow tube 5 was filled with the third insulating powder 15. Only then is the opening 35 in the glow tube fifth drilled. Oxygen molecules are then introduced into the glow tube 5 through the opening 35 under a controlled partial pressure gas atmosphere. For example, this process may last between about one hour and about 20 hours, with the limits of that time range also being able to be shifted up or down, respectively. Subsequently, the opening 35 formed by the bore is closed again. The closing can be done for example by welding. Due to the controlled partial pressure, the oxygen concentration in the glow tube 5 is increased. The higher the partial pressure, the higher the concentration of oxygen in the glow tube 5.
  • a protective layer defined in its composition, formed in this example as an aluminum oxide layer is produced on the heating coil 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Bougie de préchauffage électrique (1) pour moteurs à combustion interne, comprenant un tube de préchauffage (5) fermé à ses extrémités, dans lequel est inséré un enroulement chauffant (10) conducteur d'électricité, l'enroulement chauffant (10) étant au moins partiellement en aluminium, en particulier en un alliage aluminium-fer-chrome,
    caractérisée en ce que
    dans le tube de préchauffage (5) on prévoit des donneurs d'oxygène afin de former, avant ou lors du chauffage de l'enroulement chauffant (10), une couche d'oxyde d'aluminium à la surface de l'enroulement chauffant (10).
  2. Bougie de préchauffage (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'enroulement chauffant (10) est inséré dans le tube de préchauffage (5) dans une première poudre isolante (25) et la première poudre isolante (25) comprend un matériau agissant en tant que donneur d'oxygène.
  3. Bougie de préchauffage (1) selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le matériau est une poudre céramique oxydique.
  4. Bougie de préchauffage (1) selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la poudre céramique comprend un oxyde métallique d'un métal qui peut s'oxyder en plusieurs étapes d'oxydation, en particulier du TiO2.
  5. Bougie de préchauffage (1) selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'oxyde métallique se trouve, dans un état initial, dans son étape d'oxydation maximale.
  6. Bougie de préchauffage (1) selon la revendication 3, 4 ou 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la poudre céramique oxydique comprend un oxyde métallique, en particulier ZrO2, qui peut émettre, dans des conditions réductrices, de l'oxygène par formation de rejet.
  7. Bougie de préchauffage (1) selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la teneur du matériau agissant en tant que donneur d'oxygène se trouve dans la plage comprise entre environ 0,1 % en poids et environ 20 % en poids de la première poudre isolante (25).
  8. Bougie de préchauffage (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les donneurs d'oxygène sont insérés dans le tube de préchauffage (5) sous forme de molécules d'oxygène sous pression.
  9. Procédé de fabrication d'une bougie de préchauffage (1) électrique pour moteurs à combustion interne, dans laquelle un enroulement chauffant (10) conducteur d'électricité, au moins partiellement en aluminium, en particulier en un alliage aluminium-fer-chrome, est inséré dans un tube de préchauffage (5) fermé à ses extrémités,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    avant le fonctionnement de la bougie de préchauffage (1), on introduit dans le tube de préchauffage (5) des donneurs d'oxygène, afin de former, avant ou lors du chauffage de l'enroulement chauffant (10), une couche d'oxyde d'aluminium à la surface de l'enroulement chauffant (10).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    après l'introduction de l'enroulement chauffant (10) dans la zone (20) de la pointe du tube de préchauffage (5), on ajoute dans le tube de préchauffage (5) une première poudre isolante (25) qui comprend un matériau agissant en tant que donneur d'oxygène, de telle sorte que l'enroulement chauffant (10) est pour l'essentiel complètement inséré dans cette première poudre isolante (25).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on ajoute ensuite dans le tube de préchauffage (5) une deuxième poudre isolante (30), en particulier à base de MgO, qui est pour l'essentiel exempte de donneurs d'oxygène et/ou qui comprend un matériau getter adsorbeur pour lier l'oxygène, et dans laquelle on introduit un enroulement de réglage (60), en particulier en un alliage cobalt-fer, se rattachant à l'enroulement chauffant (10).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    après l'introduction de l'enroulement chauffant (10) dans la zone (20) de la pointe du tube de préchauffage (5) et après le remplissage du tube de préchauffage (5) avec une troisième poudre isolante (15), on perce dans le tube de préchauffage (5) une ouverture (35), on introduit à travers l'ouverture (35) du tube de préchauffage (5), des molécules d'oxygène sous pression dans le tube de préchauffage (5), et on referme ensuite l'ouverture (35) formée par le perçage, de préférence par soudage.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on introduit les molécules d'oxygène dans le tube de préchauffage (5) pour un temps prédéterminé, de préférence compris entre environ 1 h et environ 20 h.
EP02758098A 2001-10-23 2002-07-16 Bougie de prechauffage electrique et procede de fabrication de celle-ci Expired - Lifetime EP1440280B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10152175 2001-10-23
DE10152175 2001-10-23
DE10157466A DE10157466A1 (de) 2001-10-23 2001-11-23 Elektrisch beheizbare Glühkerze und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren Glühkerze
DE10157466 2001-11-23
PCT/DE2002/002596 WO2003038340A1 (fr) 2001-10-23 2002-07-16 Bougie de prechauffage electrique et procede de fabrication de celle-ci

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1440280A1 EP1440280A1 (fr) 2004-07-28
EP1440280B1 true EP1440280B1 (fr) 2007-12-19

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EP02758098A Expired - Lifetime EP1440280B1 (fr) 2001-10-23 2002-07-16 Bougie de prechauffage electrique et procede de fabrication de celle-ci

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6930283B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1440280B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4076162B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE381701T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50211415D1 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0302081A3 (fr)
PL (1) PL361797A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW539805B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003038340A1 (fr)

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DE10248802A1 (de) * 2002-10-19 2004-04-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze mit stark verkürzter Regelwendel
DE102007001648A1 (de) 2007-01-11 2008-07-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze
US20090184101A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-07-23 John Hoffman Sheathed glow plug
US8158909B2 (en) 2008-06-12 2012-04-17 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Hot zone igniter
JP5276425B2 (ja) * 2008-12-15 2013-08-28 日本特殊陶業株式会社 シースヒータ及びグロープラグ
ITPR20090014A1 (it) * 2009-03-17 2010-09-18 Etecno 1 S R L Filamento resistivo per candelette di motori a combustione interna e riscaldatori per sistemi di scarico e candeletta o riscaldatore comprendente detto filamento
JP5509017B2 (ja) * 2009-10-15 2014-06-04 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
US20130216862A1 (en) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-22 c/o Chevron Corporation Coating Compositions, Applications Thereof, and Methods of Forming
EP2840314B1 (fr) * 2012-04-16 2020-01-15 NGK Sparkplug Co., Ltd. Bougie de préchauffage
JP5973222B2 (ja) 2012-05-07 2016-08-23 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ及びその製造方法
FR3033389B1 (fr) * 2015-03-02 2018-11-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bougie de prechauffage ou de post-chauffage
DE102015221689A1 (de) * 2015-11-05 2017-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizeinsatz zum Einsatz in einem Glührohr einer elektrisch beheizbare Glühstiftkerze
US20200237148A1 (en) 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Weber-Stephen Products Llc Pellet grills
US11624505B2 (en) 2020-03-17 2023-04-11 Weber-Stephen Products Llc Ignition-based protocols for pellet grills

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JPS5848030B2 (ja) * 1976-03-09 1983-10-26 株式会社リケン Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ａｌ系発熱体の表面処理方法
DE2625752A1 (de) * 1976-06-09 1977-12-15 Bulten Kanthal Gmbh Elektrisches widerstand-heizelement und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPS5461340A (en) * 1977-10-25 1979-05-17 Toshiba Corp Electric heater
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JPS61104582A (ja) * 1984-10-25 1986-05-22 株式会社デンソー シ−ズヒ−タ
JPH02155186A (ja) * 1988-12-06 1990-06-14 Fujikura Ltd 遠赤外線放射体
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WO2003017726A1 (fr) * 2001-08-13 2003-02-27 Sanyo Netsukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Element chauffant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW539805B (en) 2003-07-01
ATE381701T1 (de) 2008-01-15
EP1440280A1 (fr) 2004-07-28
HUP0302081A3 (en) 2005-10-28
US6930283B2 (en) 2005-08-16
JP4076162B2 (ja) 2008-04-16
JP2005507068A (ja) 2005-03-10
US20040084436A1 (en) 2004-05-06
DE50211415D1 (de) 2008-01-31
WO2003038340A1 (fr) 2003-05-08
HUP0302081A2 (hu) 2003-09-29
PL361797A1 (en) 2004-10-04

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