EP1412776A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung eines stationären und/oder bewegten objekts - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung eines stationären und/oder bewegten objektsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1412776A1 EP1412776A1 EP02747446A EP02747446A EP1412776A1 EP 1412776 A1 EP1412776 A1 EP 1412776A1 EP 02747446 A EP02747446 A EP 02747446A EP 02747446 A EP02747446 A EP 02747446A EP 1412776 A1 EP1412776 A1 EP 1412776A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- noise
- signals
- detected
- sound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/539—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/001—Acoustic presence detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2015/932—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles for parking operations
- G01S2015/933—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles for parking operations for measuring the dimensions of the parking space when driving past
- G01S2015/935—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles for parking operations for measuring the dimensions of the parking space when driving past for measuring the contour, e.g. a trajectory of measurement points, representing the boundary of the parking space
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining a stationary and / or moving object, in particular a vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for determining the object.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for determining a stationary and / or moving object which is improved and simplified compared to the prior art. Furthermore, a particularly simple device for Determine determination of a stationary and / or moving object.
- the first-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention by a method for determining a stationary and / or moving object, in particular a vehicle, in which acoustic signals emitted by the object and / or reflected on another or more objects are detected as reference signals, on the basis of which the object in question is detected is detected, evaluated and / or identified.
- a method in the manner of a self-location based on sound waves, enables both a standing and a moving object, e.g. a vehicle that is acoustically detected, evaluated and identified based on its own noises and / or extraneous noises with regard to its own course of movement with respect to one or more coordinate axes (x, y axis).
- structure-borne noise signals and / or airborne noise signals are detected as acoustic signals.
- the acoustic signals are processed in real time and / or sent to other systems, e.g. to a control and / or regulation system.
- a control and / or regulation system e.g. to a control and / or regulation system.
- the noise signals representing the relevant object or its own object are advantageously filtered out of the detected acoustic signals.
- the filtered out and thus object-related noise signals can be processed and used for analysis.
- the difference between the detected acoustic signals and the object-related noise signals cannot object-related acoustic signals are processed, analyzed and evaluated.
- a disturbance acting on the object and / or a foreign standing and / or moving object can also be detected.
- a movement state and / or movement sequence on which the object in question is based is preferably calculated and / or predicted on the basis of the detected acoustic signals. For example, on the basis of acoustic signals reflected on a guardrail of a roadway, in particular reflected noise signals from one's own vehicle, the distance to the reflection surface, i.e. the distance to the guardrail. This will approximate the object, i.e. of the vehicle to the other object, i.e. to the guardrail, detected, analyzed and evaluated taking other parameters into account. For example, if a threshold for the lateral distance to the guardrail is undershot, a driver of the vehicle who is falling asleep is identified and a corresponding warning message is issued.
- the movement sequence of the object with respect to one or more coordinate axes is preferably calculated on the basis of a noise analysis and / or the calculation of the movement path is specified.
- the object is monitored on the basis of the detected acoustic signals and / or noise signals with regard to movements in the y and / or in the x direction.
- the movement of the object is monitored for a possible collision on the basis of the noise analysis.
- information and / or a control signal is expediently output to a control and / or regulating system. This provides a particularly simple method for the active safety of a moving object. In particular, active accident prevention is ensured by informing and warning of possible collisions with another object.
- information from a geographic information system for example a navigation system, and / or from a previous noise analysis are taken into account in the detection, evaluation and / or identification of the object in question. This allows for a quick prediction of your own movement course, taking into account the currently detected acoustic signals.
- an associated priority is given.
- a step-by-step identification and self-location by the driver can hereby be set.
- an operation with a higher priority is given priority over an operation with a lower priority. This ensures that, for example, the driver receives higher authorization than a passenger or safety-relevant operating steps of the proposed system receive higher authorization than comfort-relevant operating steps of the driver.
- Acoustic signals, noise signals and / or further operating signals from neighboring objects and / or systems are advantageously detected, received and / or taken into account in a relevant analysis.
- Such networking of several objects in a predeterminable area e.g. within a traffic route network, enables an identification of the current traffic flow given in this traffic route network.
- the object in question can be navigated, for example, by corresponding signal exchange using the navigation system.
- the detected acoustic signals and / or noise signals are processed on the basis of at least one analysis by means of an assignment of signal patterns using neural networks and / or fuzzy logic.
- the recorded acoustic signals and / or noise signals can be compared, identified and evaluated on the basis of signal patterns stored in a table.
- the second-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention by a device for determining a stationary and / or moving object, in particular a vehicle, with at least one sound transducer system having a plurality of electroacoustic, electromechanical and / or mechanical transducers with a predefinable directional characteristic for detecting radiated and / or radiated from the object of acoustic signals reflected on another or more objects and with an evaluation unit for detecting, evaluating and / or identifying the object on the basis of the detected acoustic signals.
- the sound transducer system comprises in particular at least one sound or noise sensor, in particular a directionally sensitive sound sensor.
- the transducer is advantageously designed as a microphone with a ball and / or lobe characteristic.
- the sound transducer system and the evaluation unit preferably form a passive acoustic radar based on sound waves. Such a passive acoustic radar method enables a particularly simple and quick processing of the detected acoustic signals compared to a conventional active radar method.
- the object comprises a plurality of sound sensors for multidirectional detection of the acoustic signals and / or object-related noise signals. These are arranged, for example, at different locations in the vehicle with different orientations. This enables direction-specific localization of the vehicle.
- the device is preferably used in a driver assistance system. Depending on the type and design of the device (hereinafter referred to as acoustic radar for short), several sound sensors are combined into a group.
- the object-related transducer and / or transducers arranged in an environment are in a communication connection with a control center for area-wide detection and / or location of the object.
- a control center for area-wide detection and / or location of the object.
- Such a network of object-related noise sensors and stationary noise sensors arranged in the vicinity enables an analysis of the traffic flow by means of the control center.
- the device is expediently integrated in a traffic monitoring system.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an acoustic radar for monitoring a side distance
- FIG. 2 shows schematically an acoustic radar with a sound transducer system and an evaluation unit
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the evaluation unit according to FIG. 2 with an analysis and evaluation module
- FIG. 4 shows schematically the functional principle of the analysis and evaluation module according to FIG. 3,
- 5 to 6 schematically an acoustic radar for monitoring a distance between two objects moving relative to one another
- FIG. 7A, 7B schematically an acoustic radar for monitoring a starting process of a vehicle
- FIG. 8 schematically shows an acoustic radar with a sound transducer system comprising several sound sensors
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a sound transducer system according to FIG. 8 comprising several microphone groups
- 11 schematically shows an acoustic radar for monitoring the longitudinal distance between two objects moving relative to one another
- 12A to 12C schematically an acoustic radar for monitoring the course of movement of two objects moving relative to one another.
- FIG. 1 shows a moving object 2 (hereinafter referred to as vehicle 2), which passes at a driving speed v, where v> 0 km / h, on a road 4, past an object 6, on a guardrail on the left side of the road.
- vehicle 2 comprises a device 7 (in the further acoustic radar
- a sound transducer system 8 for determining the object 2 with a sound transducer system 8, which comprises at least one electroacoustic, electromechanical and / or mechanical transducer designed as a sound sensor or noise sensor (hereinafter referred to as sound sensor 8).
- the acoustic radar 7 is part of a driver assistance system, not shown.
- the acoustic radar 7 can be a participant in an integrated traffic monitoring system, not shown in detail.
- the sound sensor 8 is, for example, a direction-sensitive microphone.
- the sound sensor 8 has a spherical or lobe characteristic.
- the acoustic radar 7 further comprises an evaluation unit 10.
- the evaluation unit 10 detects the sound sensor
- the vehicle 2 travels with a small lateral distance y along the guardrail 6 or along other objects 6, for example along parked cars, along a house front, along a wall.
- the signals Sa emitted by the vehicle 2 for example its operating noises, such as engine noise, transmission noise, tire noise, and the reflection signals Sr which fall back on the vehicle 2 from the guardrail 6 of its own operating noise Sa are detected by means of the sound sensor 8 integrated, for example, in the vehicle door handle.
- the transmission ratio between the radiated operating noise Sa and the sound pressure level SPr measured in the sound sensor 8 increases significantly.
- An increasing or decreasing lateral distance ⁇ y> 0 or ⁇ y ⁇ 0 is identified by means of the evaluation unit 10 on the basis of a comparison of previous and currently detected reflection signals Sr.
- a rapidly increasing or decreasing sound pressure level SPr is used to infer a rapidly decreasing or increasing lateral distance ⁇ y, y.
- a dangerous situation is detected and evaluated when critical limit or threshold values G of the sound pressure level SPr are exceeded or fallen short of. Possibly. a warning message is output and / or a control signal to a control and / or regulation system, e.g. a driver assistance system.
- a control and / or regulation system e.g. a driver assistance system.
- the so-called acoustic distance law is used to calculate the distance y between the two objects, ie between the vehicle 2 and the guardrail 6.
- the acoustic double effect occurring in the case of sound sources moving relative to one another (vehicle 2 and guardrail 6) and associated sensors (sound sensors 8) is used in the signal and noise analyzes according to Table 1, on the basis of which frequency corrections and / or speed corrections are carried out.
- f B frequency perceived by the observer, eg frequency detected by a noise sensor
- f Q frequency of the noise source
- v B speed of the observer
- v Q speed of the noise source
- c speed of sound.
- GPS global positioning system
- the geographic information system 12 only enables a rough determination of the movement behavior of the vehicle 2, since the maximum accuracy of the position determination of the information system 12 in civil applications is approximately ⁇ 10 m.
- the vehicle position is continuously determined and updated by means of the evaluation unit 10 on the basis of a link between the information system 12 and the acoustic radar 7.
- the strength of near-field reflections of one's own driving noise on the guardrail 6 is determined as a measure of the lateral distance ⁇ y, y from the guardrail 6 and thus as a measure of the state of motion of the vehicle 2 and by linking to data from Information system 12 determines, analyzes and evaluates the global position of the vehicle 2 in a traffic route network with the best possible accuracy.
- FIG. 2 shows a basic diagram of the acoustic radar 7 with the evaluation unit 10 and the sound transducer system 8.
- this is possibly connected to further detection systems 9.
- an optical detection unit 9a for example a CCD camera, can be provided for the visual detection of neighboring objects, ie the guardrail 6 or another passing vehicle.
- vehicle-specific data D are recorded by the relevant sensors 9b, for example by the speedometer.
- Vehicle-specific position data P are acquired by means of the information system 12 and fed to the evaluation unit 10.
- a control and / or regulation system 11a, 11b or for a communication system 11c Depending on the type and design of the acoustic radar 7, data D from the control and / or regulating system 11a, 11b or from the communication system 11c the noise and / or signal analysis are taken into account.
- the communication system 11c is used in particular for data exchange with a traffic control system (not shown) or a control center. This data exchange is used, for example, to transmit data from neighboring objects 6, for example other vehicles 2, and / or data from transducers or monitoring systems arranged in the vicinity, which are taken into account in the signal and noise analysis.
- the basic structure of the evaluation unit 10 is shown schematically in FIG.
- the evaluation unit 10 comprises two interface modules 14 for processing input and / or output data D (Sa, Sf, Sr, Su, Ss, V, A, B).
- the evaluation unit 10 has an analysis module 16, which comprises a calculation and evaluation module 18a and / or a linking module 18b.
- a data memory 20 for storing current data D, signals S and / or reference patterns M is provided for a required pattern comparison of detected noise signals Sa, Sf, Sr, Su, Ss with reference patterns M or comparison patterns characterizing noise sources.
- a prioritization module 22 is also provided for prioritizing input and / or output data D.
- the functional principle of the analysis module 16 of the acoustic radar 7 is shown in more detail in FIG. 4 on the basis of a schematic diagram.
- the acoustic transducer system 8 detects the operating noise Sa emitted by the vehicle 2 and thus its own operating noise Sa and its reflections on the guardrail 6 as a reflected noise signal Sr.
- the sound transducer system 8 has correspondingly positioned sound sensors 8a, for example microphones, for detecting its own operating noise Sa and thus for near-field noise detection.
- the reflected noise signal Sr and ambient noise Su and their reflections are detected by means of further sound sensors 8b positioned according to their function and separated from the calculation and evaluation module 18a or as a sound mensignal Ss supplied.
- the noise signals Sa, Sr, Sf, Su, Ss with regard to the detection, evaluation and / or identification of the other object 6, for example the guardrail, and / or one's own vehicle 2 processed, analyzed and evaluated. Possibly. information I, the display signal A or the control signal B is output to the communication system 11c and / or the control and / or regulating system 11a, 11b via the interface module 14. Depending on the degree of function or analysis, the evaluated noise signals Sa, Sr, Sf, Su, Ss are fed to the link module 18b for further processing.
- FIG. 5 shows an application of the acoustic radar 7, in which two vehicles 2a and 2b traveling side by side each comprise an associated acoustic radar 7a and 7b.
- the respective acoustic radar 7a, 7b detects a composite sound signal Ss formed from the respective external operating noises Sf, the own operating noises Sa and the reflections of the own operating noises Sr.
- the analysis and evaluation of the recorded sound pressure level SPs of the human signal Ss and its temporal course is carried out analogously to the method according to FIG.
- the respective direction of movement, the speed of the associated or the other vehicle 2a, 2b and / or the lateral distance ⁇ y, y from one another are determined and possibly evaluated by means of the respective evaluation unit 10a, 10b and thus related to the vehicle.
- the driving or operating noises of the vehicle 2a, 2b can be determined and analyzed.
- the respective acoustic radar 7a, 7b comprises a plurality of sound sensors 8 arranged at different positions in the respective vehicle 2a, 2b.
- the sound sensor 8 is arranged, for example, as a microphone in the wheel arch.
- the associated sound sensor 8 is arranged in the engine compartment.
- the operating noises Sa emitted by the respective own vehicle 2a or 2b and sound signals Sr reflected on the respective other vehicle 2b or 2a are detected by means of the respective sound sensor 8, for example arranged in the door handle.
- the operating and movement state of the own vehicle 2a or 2b is determined and evaluated by means of the evaluation unit 10a, 10b.
- Noise components in the sound signals Sr that do not correlate with the pattern are identified as external operating noise Sf or external influences on the vehicle 2a, 2b.
- the distance to the reflection surface for example the side distance ⁇ y, y, is determined, as in the conventional radar system.
- FIG. 6 shows a further application of the acoustic radar 7.
- a second vehicle 2b is driving in the blind spot of the vehicle 2a driving in front in the same direction.
- the acoustic radar 7a in the preceding vehicle 2a comprises a plurality of sound sensors 8a arranged in the left rear area.
- external operating noises that is to say the sound signals Sf of the foreign vehicle 2b, are detected before their visual detection, for example when driving on a crest or in a curve, and analyzed and analyzed by means of the evaluation unit 10a assigned to the foreign vehicle 2b.
- a hazard situation is detected by means of the evaluation unit 10a on the basis of the correlation of the detected sound pressure level SPf of the foreign vehicle 2b with the lateral and / or longitudinal distance ⁇ y, y or ⁇ x, x of the two vehicles 2a and 2b. predicts or predicts.
- high-frequency operating noises Sf of the foreign vehicle 2b for example its tire noises, can be detected using individual direction-sensitive microphones M1 to M3.
- the operating noises Sf are assigned to their cause on the basis of a pattern analysis.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B show an application of the vehicle-related acoustic radar 7c for a vehicle 2c, which approaches from a parking lot 24 from the roadside.
- a vehicle running on the opposite lane 4 Vehicle 2e is detected by means of the acoustic radar 7c on the same track 4 ⁇ vehicle traveling 2d and / or with regard to its side and / or longitudinal distance Dy, y or ⁇ x, x to the own vehicle 2c.
- the acoustic radar 7c is designed for multidirectional detection of the own acoustic signals Sa, Sr and / or the external acoustic signals Sf.
- a track is assigned to the detected and identified foreign object, the vehicle 2e passing by, on the basis of which a prognosis of the course or movement and, consequently, the current driving-dynamic state of the vehicle 2e passing by is determined and forecast. If a limit value G for the minimum distance y and / or x required for starting is fallen below, an acoustic and / or visual warning message is output to the driver of vehicle 2c by means of evaluation unit 10c. Possibly. the vehicle 2c is prevented from starting by means of a control signal transmitted to a control and / or regulating system.
- An acoustic radar 7 for multidirectional detection is shown as an example in FIG.
- the acoustic radar 7 as the sound transducer system 8 comprises a plurality of microphones M 1 to M 16 arranged in the entire vehicle 2, in particular in the front area 26 and in the rear area 28.
- Based on such Multi-directional microphone arrangements are identified, localized and evaluated by the evaluation unit 10 by means of pattern analysis and / or pattern recognition, typical and / or external operating noises Sa, Sr, Sf, Ss, for example ignition frequency, engine noise, tire noises.
- relevant diagrams are stored in the evaluation unit 10 in a data memory, for example frequency-speed diagrams for typical system excitations, engine-gear pattern diagrams, engine ignition frequency pattern diagrams, engine-transmission pattern diagrams.
- a comparison of the amplitude values of the sound pressure level SP received by the microphones Ml to M16 and taking into account one's own operating noise Sa, and / or the own reflected operating noise Sr is thus determined by means of the dominant direction of incidence of the external operating noise Sf.
- the microphones Ml to M16 are arranged at various points in the vehicle 2, 2a to 2e depending on their function.
- the microphones Ml to M16 have a corresponding directional characteristic depending on their function and position.
- the microphone MIO is arranged on the engine 30 to detect its own engine noise based on the airborne sound.
- a structure-borne noise sensor 32 is arranged on the engine block to detect structure-borne noise. A functional relationship resulting from the detected structure-borne noise signals from the structure-borne noise sensor 32 and the detected airborne noise signals from the microphone MIO, taking into account the speed, load and other operating parameters of the engine, is stored in the form of a map in the evaluation unit 10 for noise analysis.
- Microphones M9 or Mll, M12 are located in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust 34 or the tire 36 to record further operating noises, such as exhaust noises or tire noises. positioned speaking.
- the relevant characteristic curve fields or tables are stored for noise analysis.
- further microphones M13 to 16 are preferably arranged in the left and right areas of the front area 26 and / or the rear area 28, in particular in the transition area from the respective long side to the rear and / or front area.
- the microphones M9 to M16 expediently have a spherical characteristic.
- Directional microphones Ml to M8 are arranged in all directions of incidence to determine the direction of incidence of external operating noises Sf and thus to determine the course of movement of an external vehicle 2d, 2e approaching one's own vehicle 2c.
- two directional microphones M2, M3 and M6, M7 which are at a distance from one another, are arranged in the rear area 28 and in the front area 26, respectively, for determining noise signals Sf coming in from the rear and sound signals Sf coming in from the front.
- two spaced-apart directional microphones Ml, M5 and M4, M8 are arranged on the respective longitudinal side of the vehicle.
- further directional microphones Ml to M8 can be used to determine the direction of incidence, in particular to track the movement of a foreign object, e.g. a vehicle or pedestrian.
- the acoustic radar 7 is used as follows for the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B. If, as shown in FIG. 7A, a vehicle 2e is behind the moving vehicle 2c and is away from it, ie the distance .DELTA.x> 0 becomes greater and the associated sound pressure level SP decreases, then this vehicle 2e is rated as uncritical. Depending on the time when the own vehicle 2c and thus the associated acoustic radar 7c are put into operation, the vehicle 2e traveling in the opposite lane is identified and approached as the vehicle 2e ⁇ approaching from the front followed in its entire sequence of movements until it left the range of the acoustic radar 7c.
- This sequence of movements is assessed as uncritical by means of the evaluation unit 10c, since the vehicle 2e ⁇ was in the driver's field of vision of the driver's own and approaching vehicle 2c while approaching from the front and moves away from the driver's own and approaching vehicle 2c after leaving the field of vision.
- the vehicle 2d likewise located behind the vehicle 2c approaching, is identified in accordance with FIG. 7A. It is identified by means of the evaluation unit 10c on the basis of the rising sound pressure level SP and the decreasing distance ⁇ x, x and / or ⁇ y, y that the vehicle 2d is approaching its own vehicle 2c not coming from the front, but coming from behind. As a result, the evaluation unit 10c issues a warning to the driver of the approaching vehicle 2c and / or the driver of the approaching vehicle 2d.
- the associated noise patterns of the vehicle 2a, 2c are recorded directly at the respective point of origin.
- the tire noise on the driven and / or the non-driven axle, the noise at the exhaust outlet at the exhaust, the airborne noise in the engine compartment and the structure-borne noise on the engine block are recorded by means of associated and appropriately arranged microphones M12, M9, MIO and the structure-borne noise sensor 32.
- artificial intelligence methods, neural networks and / or fuzzy logic are used in noise analysis.
- the distance between objects is determined using two different methods in order to determine the course of movements and in particular to avoid collisions.
- the comparison of the two results leads to a higher accuracy.
- only one of the methods or both methods with or without adjustment can be used.
- the two methods are illustrated on the basis of a multi- sensory arrangement or sound transducer system 8 explained in more detail.
- the first method uses the directional characteristic of different microphones Ml .1 to Ml.10 and M2.1 to M2.4 at different positions (also called measuring points) in order to assign external operating noises Sf of a foreign object X to a direction.
- the overlap of directional sectors that originate from different measuring points is used to determine the origin of the noise signal Sf recorded in at least two directional microphones Ml .1 to Ml.10 and M2.1 to M2.10.
- the microphones Ml .1 to Ml.10 are connected together in a circle and to a group Gl, in the middle of which a central microphone Ml.O is arranged with omnidirectional characteristics.
- the microphones Ml .1 to Ml.10 are directional microphones, e.g.
- the microphones M2.1 to M2.10 are also arranged in a circle, forming a central microphone M2.0 and a group G2.
- the group G2 is further away from the noise source X than the group Eq.
- the two groups Gl and G2 are components of the sound transducer system 8 of an associated object, e.g. own vehicle 2a or 2c.
- One group G1 of microphones M10 to M10 is, for example, in the left rear area and the other group G2 of microphones M2.0 to M2.10 in the left front area for the detection of foreign standing or moving objects X on the relevant long side of the Vehicle 2a or 2c arranged.
- the noise signal Sf is recorded by means of the central microphones M10 and M2.0 of groups G1 and G2, respectively.
- the noise signal Sf is assigned to the same object X as the cause if there is sufficient agreement.
- Each group G1 or G2 is assigned to a directional sector, since that was detected in the central microphones MIO or M2.0 Noise patterns in the directional microphones Ml .2 and M2.1 of the two groups Gl and G2 in question have the highest sound pressure level SP of all directional microphones Ml .1 to Ml.10, M2.1 to M2.10.
- the noise signal Sf is detected in the group Gl with a higher sound pressure level SPf than in the group G2.
- the zone A i.e. the direction sectors associated with the two directional microphones Ml.2, M2.1, is identified. the location area of the noise source X, determined (shown in a line).
- Such microphone groups G1 and G2 in vehicle 2 are expediently located in the corner areas at the transition from the long side to the front area and / or from the long side to the rear area at the four corners, i.e. rear left and / or right in the rear area and / or left and / or right in the front area.
- a possibly collision-relevant position with a noise-radiating object X is expediently related to a zero point of a multi-dimensional coordinate system that is individual for the object X and its analysis cycle, this position being in the point P closest to the vehicle 2 and therefore in the most collision-prone point P of the zone A in question.
- the second method uses the transit time differences of the noise signal Sf to the central microphones Ml.O, M2.0 with omnidirectional characteristics.
- a pattern analysis assigns the noise signal Sf detected on the central microphones Ml.O, M2.0 if there is sufficient agreement to the same cause.
- the microphone Ml. 1 to Ml.10, M2.1 to M2.10 which first detects the noise signal Sf is expediently determined as the zero point of the multidimensional coordinate system.
- the relevant microphone Ml. 2 according to FIG. 9 is the microphone closest to the noise-causing object X.
- the analysis also takes into account the noise signal Sf received by the two central microphones Ml.O and M2.0 with omnidirectional characteristics.
- the temporal offset of the noise incidence of the same noise signal Sf at the three measuring locations Ml.2, Ml.O, M2.0 provides a linear system of equations with the following three terms:
- the coordinates of the noise source X can be calculated in relation to the zero point selected in the first microphone Ml .2.
- the reflections from ambient noise Su or the own, reflected operating noise Sr are used.
- the pattern of the own operating noise Sa is recorded via near-field microphones, ie by means of the microphones M9 to M16 having omnidirectional characteristics, and via structure-borne noise sensors 32.
- the reflection of one's own operating noise Sa on a silent object is determined by the degree of pattern matching of one's own operating noise signal Sa and reflected operating noise signal Sr.
- the inevitable own operating noise signal Sa is used almost like a radar signal.
- noise pattern components are also evaluated whose frequency spectrum lies outside the frequency spectrum caused by the weather conditions.
- the weather conditions are determined on the one hand by means of stored noise patterns identified and taken into account by means of a correction factor.
- such weather conditions can be automatically taken into account in the noise analyzes based on the correction factor on the basis of signals specified by external and / or internal systems.
- the lateral and / or longitudinal distance ⁇ y, y and ⁇ x, x to the detected noise source X is continuously calculated.
- a warning can be triggered by means of arithmetic forecasts for a too short distance or its gradient.
- the distance with respect to the coordinate axes is also monitored. This means that less willingness to take risks is possible if e.g. the lateral distance ⁇ y, y remains constant and only the distance ⁇ x, x changes in the direction of travel (x-axis). This case corresponds to an impending overtaking by a following vehicle that is traveling in a different lane.
- the external noise signals Sf recorded on the microphones M1 to M3 are provided with an associated time stamp.
- the time intervals .DELTA.t occurring between the microphones M1 to M3 are determined by means of the evaluation unit 10a, 10b on the basis of the relevant time stamp.
- the microphones Ml to M3 can, depending on the design, be individual microphones with omnidirectional characteristics and / or microphone groups Gl or G2 according to FIG. 9.
- the noise source i.e. a reference point Q (x, y) is assigned to the passing vehicle 2b.
- the respective distance s of the microphones M1, M2, M3 from the vehicle 2b is determined as follows by means of the evaluation unit 10a, 10b:
- Path s 2 determined. Analogously, depending on the type and design of the respective sound transducer system 8 of the acoustic radar 7, further noise analysis algorithms are stored in the evaluation unit 10.
- FIGS. 11 to 12A to 12C show various examples of the use of acoustic radar 7 when driving a vehicle 2f.
- the vehicle 2f is traveling at a speed vl of 50 km / h, for example.
- a second vehicle 2g with a different gear ratio drives ahead at a distance x of 15 m at a speed v2 of likewise 50 km / h.
- Both vehicles 2f, 2g are driven, for example, by a four-stroke engine (four-cylinder) and drive this speed vl, v2 in 3rd gear.
- the superimposition of the operating noise Sf emitted to the outside of the vehicle 2g in front and the radiated operating noise Sa of the driver's vehicle 2f are recorded and evaluated using the microphones M15 and M16 and using the associated evaluation unit 10f of the vehicle 2f.
- the respective operating noise Sf or Sa of the vehicle 2g or 2f is dominated by the relevant ignition frequency of the respective vehicle 2g or 2f (in this case corresponds to the second engine order).
- the sinus tone fi from the vehicle 2f is also recorded in the microphone MIO as a reference to the operating noise Sa and is clearly assigned to the vehicle 2f due to the correlation of the microphone MIO with the microphones M15 and M16.
- the frequency f 2 of the vehicle 2g measured in the microphones M15 and M16 is not measured in the microphone MIO of the vehicle 2f.
- the frequency f2 is thus identified as extraneous noise Sf and is assigned to the vehicle 2g in front on the basis of the sound pressure level SP detected by means of the directional microphones M6 and M7.
- noise analyzes are carried out in the relevant vehicle 2f, ie in the vehicle 2f comprising the acoustic radar 7f, by means of the evaluation unit 10f.
- special analyzes of the gradients of level and Frequency profiles of the recorded noise signals Sa, Sf, Ss significant noise components are specified as follows:
- the change in tire noise due to higher loads, increasing speed and decreasing distance is also based on the change in the typical tonal and noisy components determined.
- the detected acoustic signals Sf of the vehicle 2f are analyzed on the basis of stored noise patterns by means of the evaluation unit 10g of the vehicle 2g and checked for compliance with or falling below / exceeding limit values.
- the recorded noise signals Sf of airborne and / or structure-borne noise are assigned and / or classified to a noise source type, for example an operating state of the object in question - here the moving vehicle 2f .
- a noise source type for example an operating state of the object in question - here the moving vehicle 2f
- the movement of the vehicle 2f and thus the noise source is determined on the basis of a plurality of distributed sound sensors 8, ie the microphones Ml to Ml6.
- the noise signal Sf on which the vehicle 2f is based is corrected on the basis of the detected movement of the vehicle 2f.
- the type of noise source for example a road or rail vehicle, can be identified by such a correction of the noise signal Sf that takes into account the movement.
- the acoustic analysis of the noise signal Sf is combined with a speed analysis.
- the gear change of the accelerated vehicle 2f is determined on the basis of the analysis of significant level and frequency jumps in the ignition frequency, of typical overtones and / or on the basis of spectral changes in tire noise which are typical for load changes.
- the beginning of the actual overtaking process is recorded on the basis of the changing level distribution in the directional microphones Ml, M2, M5 and M6.
- the recorded sound pressure levels SP of the directional microphones Ml, M2, M5, M6 are processed, in particular extrapolated, on the basis of previous sound pressure levels SP, stored and / or calculated data and / or data from other systems, for example a video camera, on the basis of which they can then be expected. current vehicle positions can be predicted. In addition to linear extrapolations, higher polynomials can also be approximated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10136981 | 2001-07-30 | ||
| DE10136981A DE10136981A1 (de) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-07-30 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung eines stationären und/oder bewegten Objektes |
| PCT/EP2002/007142 WO2003012475A1 (de) | 2001-07-30 | 2002-06-28 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung eines stationären und/oder bewegten objekts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1412776A1 true EP1412776A1 (de) | 2004-04-28 |
Family
ID=7693519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02747446A Withdrawn EP1412776A1 (de) | 2001-07-30 | 2002-06-28 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung eines stationären und/oder bewegten objekts |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7260022B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1412776A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004537057A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0211524A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2456038A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10136981A1 (de) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04000895A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003012475A1 (de) |
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2001
- 2001-07-30 DE DE10136981A patent/DE10136981A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2002
- 2002-06-28 JP JP2003517612A patent/JP2004537057A/ja active Pending
- 2002-06-28 BR BR0211524-7A patent/BR0211524A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-28 CA CA002456038A patent/CA2456038A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-28 MX MXPA04000895A patent/MXPA04000895A/es unknown
- 2002-06-28 US US10/485,147 patent/US7260022B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2002-06-28 EP EP02747446A patent/EP1412776A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
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| JP2004537057A (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
| BR0211524A (pt) | 2004-09-14 |
| US7260022B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 |
| MXPA04000895A (es) | 2004-04-05 |
| WO2003012475A1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
| CA2456038A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
| US20050041529A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| DE10136981A1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
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