EP1410681B1 - Herstellung nicht-flacher membranen für elektroakustische wandler - Google Patents
Herstellung nicht-flacher membranen für elektroakustische wandler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1410681B1 EP1410681B1 EP02791447A EP02791447A EP1410681B1 EP 1410681 B1 EP1410681 B1 EP 1410681B1 EP 02791447 A EP02791447 A EP 02791447A EP 02791447 A EP02791447 A EP 02791447A EP 1410681 B1 EP1410681 B1 EP 1410681B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- range
- temperature
- core layer
- mpa
- meth
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 39
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical group CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 Polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006099 Vestamid® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-dimethylurea Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical class CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzil Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DZBOAIYHPIPCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC(=C)C([O-])=O.CC(=C)C([O-])=O DZBOAIYHPIPCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920007790 polymethacrylimide foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
- H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
- H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
- H04R7/125—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising a plurality of superposed layers in contact
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49005—Acoustic transducer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for producing non-flat Membranes for electroacoustic transducers containing a poly (meth) acrylimide foam having Kemtik and having at least one outer layer, and Membranes for electroacoustic transducers and is based on DE-A-19 925 787.
- Electro-acoustic transducers or speakers are devices that are capable are electrical alternating currents in the audio frequency range in audible sound convert. These devices are well known in the art and For example, in US-PS 4,928,312, DE-OS 30 36 876 and DE-OS 22 25 710 described.
- EP-A-0 087 177 describes a membrane comprising a layer of poly (meth) acrylimide foam.
- the poly (meth) acrylimide-containing layer provided with a cover layer can be.
- This topcoat is made by adhesive at room temperature applied to ensure that the density of the core layer as possible remains low.
- the quotient of density and Young's modulus should be as low as possible, since this factor is a measure of the quality the membrane is.
- a first approach to solving these problems discloses the document DE 199 25 787. It describes a method for producing a membrane for electroacoustic transducers comprising a poly (meth) acrylimide foam Core layer and at least one cover layer, such as films, the Polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, Polymethyl (meth) acrylate and / or metal, such as aluminum, contain, mats or webs, the glass fibers, carbon fibers and / or Aramid fibers comprises, wherein the cover layer with the Core layer using a pressure of ⁇ 0.4 MPa and a Temperature ⁇ 160 ° C laminated, at least the same with the top layer in Contact side of the core layer compacted and then the obtained composite to a temperature below 80 ° C before cooling lowered the pressure to ambient pressure.
- the procedure is as One-step method feasible.
- the membranes produced in this way show excellent strength, in particular the outer layers a have very high peel strength.
- non-flat membranes for electroacoustic transducers that use a poly (meth) acrylimide foam comprising core layer and at least one cover layer, in which reduces or eliminates the abovementioned topcoat release problems become.
- Preferred embodiments of the The method according to the invention are dependent on the dependent on claim 1 Claims under protection.
- the independent claim of Product category protects the non-flat membrane according to the invention for electroacoustic transducers comprising a poly (meth) acrylimide foam Core layer and at least one cover layer.
- non-flat membrane for electroacoustic transducers comprising a poly (meth) acrylimide foam Core layer and at least one cover layer is in the Usage claim specified.
- the process according to the invention serves to produce non-flat membranes for electroacoustic transducers.
- the membranes are preferably curved and expediently in the form of a hollow body.
- the process for producing conical membranes, especially conical truncated membranes proven especially.
- the top layer is first with the core layer at a temperature ⁇ 160 ° C, preferably in a range of 165-230 ° C, especially in the range of 180-195 ° C, laminated.
- the lamination is preferably carried out by gently compressing the Composite, but the applied pressure should be less than 0.3 MPa. Conveniently, the applied pressure is 0.05 to 0.25 MPa.
- the duration the lamination step u. a. from the curing conditions of the adhesive It is preferably 0.01 to 10 minutes, especially 0.1 to 5 Minutes.
- the resulting composite is at a pressure ⁇ 0.3 MPa, preferably in the range of 1-16 MPa, and a temperature ⁇ 160 ° C, preferably in the range of 175-200 ° C, conveniently in the range of 180-200 ° C, especially in the range of 180-195 ° C, using a cold mold, which has a temperature less than 100 ° C, reshaped and at least the side of the cover layer in contact with the Core layer compacted.
- Thermoforming can be achieved, which, for example, in Dubbel, Paperback for Mechanical Engineering, 19th Edition, edited by W. Beitz and K.-H. Grote, Springer 1997, E77.
- thermoforming is the thermoplastic semi-finished product (composite of a)) quickly and evenly on the Temperature of optimal thermoelastic behavior heated and by means of Vacuum, compressed air or mechanical forces reshaped and by cooling fixed.
- the pressing process optionally cooled spacers, so-called attacks used.
- Preferred embodiments of the membrane according to the invention have two Cover layers, which form a sandwich structure with the core layer.
- the Production of such a membrane will now be described with reference to the following figures shown.
- FIG. 1 to 4 show the preparation of inventive membrane.
- the press is moved to contact, which is shown in Fig. 2.
- the temperature of the press is raised to lamination temperature.
- the Lamination temperature is at least 160 ° C, it is preferably in a range of 165-230 ° C, most preferably in the range of 180- 195 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 160 ° C, it may damage the Pore structure of the poly (meth) acrylimide hard foam come.
- the pressure used for this purpose is less than 0.3 MPa, preferably 0.01 to ⁇ 0.3 MPa, in particular 0.05 to 0.25 MPa.
- the laminated composite After a first residence time t 1 , preferably 0.01 to 10 minutes at a temperature ⁇ 160 ° C, preferably in the range of 175-200 ° C, suitably in the range of 180-200 ° C, in particular in the range of 180 to 195 ° C, the laminated composite introduced into a second press, the one at less than 100 ° C, preferably at less than 90 ° C, advantageously less than 80 ° C, in particular less than 70 ° C, cooled positive (form, 4) and one on smaller 100 ° C, preferably at less than 90 ° C, suitably less than 80 ° C, in particular less than 70 ° C, cooled negative (counter-mold, 5) (see Fig. 3).
- the press is fed to the optionally also cooled stops (6), as shown in Fig. 4.
- the core layer is compressed to the intended degree of compaction.
- This is indicated by the reference numeral 7
- the pressure required for this is generally at least 0.3 MPa. But it can also be a higher pressure to be selected, it is preferably in the range of 1 to 16 MPa.
- the residence time in the second press is generally very short. It is preferably 5 to 300 seconds, in particular 10 to 30 seconds.
- the core layer is preferably on a thickness less than 90%, preferably less than 80% based on the original thickness, compacted. If the compression is smaller, sticks in many Do not lamination without the use of special adhesives enough. Compression means that the pores of the core layer are reduced in size become. As a result, the strength of the membrane is substantially increased, without This makes their suitability for use as an electroacoustic transducer essential will be affected.
- the core layers relevant to the process of the invention have Poly (meth) acrylimide foam on.
- the notation comprises (meth) acrylic Methacrylic, acrylic and mixtures of both.
- Poly (meth) acrylimide foams for core layers of membranes contain repeating units which can be represented by formula (I) wherein R 1 and R 2 are identical or different hydrogen or a methyl group and R 3 is hydrogen or an alkyl or aryl radical containing up to 20 carbon atoms, hydrogen being preferred.
- units of structure (I) constitute more than 30% by weight, especially preferably more than 50% by weight and very particularly preferably more than 80 % By weight of the poly (meth) acrylimide foam.
- the units of the structural formula (I), inter alia, when heated to 150 to 250 ° C from adjacent units of (meth) acrylic acid and the (Meth) acrylonitrile by a cyclizing isomerization reaction form see. DE-C 18 17156, DE-C 27 26 259, EP-B 146 892.
- a cyclizing isomerization reaction form see. DE-C 18 17156, DE-C 27 26 259, EP-B 146 892.
- a Free radical initiator at low temperatures, e.g. B. 30 to 60 ° C with After heating to 60 to 120 ° C generated, then by heating to about 180 to 250 ° C is foamed by a contained propellant (see EP-B 356 714).
- a copolymer which (meth) acrylic acid and (meth) acrylonitrile preferably in a Molar ratio between 2: 3 and 3: 2.
- these copolymers may contain other comonomers, such as for example, esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, in particular with low Alcohols with 1-4 C atoms, styrene, maleic acid or their anhydride, Itaconic acid or its anhydride, vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl chloride or Vinylidene chloride can be used.
- the proportion of comonomers who are not or very difficult to cyclize, should be 30 wt .-%, preferably 10 wt .-% do not exceed.
- crosslinkers such as B. allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate or - dimethacrylate or polyvalent metal salts of acrylic or methacrylic acid, such as Magnesium methacrylate can be used to advantage.
- the proportions can z. B. 0.005 to 5 wt .-% amount.
- the precursors may contain conventional additives.
- additives include antistatic agents, antioxidants, mold release agents, Flame retardants, lubricants, dyes, flow improvers, Fillers, light stabilizers and organic phosphorus compounds, such as Phosphites or phosphonates, pigments, weathering inhibitors and Plasticizers.
- azo compounds such as Azodiisobutyronitrile
- peroxides such as dibenzoyl or Dilauroyl peroxide
- other peroxide compounds such as t-butyl peroctanoate or perketals
- redox initiators cf. for example, H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, acrylic and Methacrylic compounds, Springer, Heidelberg, 1967 or Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol. 1, pp. 286 et seq., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978).
- the polymerization initiators are preferred in amounts from 0.01 to 0.3 wt .-% based on the starting materials used. Cheap can it may be, polymerization initiators with different Combining decay properties with respect to time and temperature. Well is suitable for.
- amide structure such as urea, monomethyl or N, N'-dimethylurea, Formamide or monomethylformamide, put in the decomposition of ammonia or Amines free, which may contribute to the formation of additional imide groups.
- nitrogen-free propellants such as formic acid, water or monohydric aliphatic alcohols having 3 to 8 C atoms, such as propanol, butanol, Isobutanol, pentanols or hexanol can be used.
- Propellants are in Reaction batch usually in amounts of about 0.5 to 8 wt .-% based on used the monomers used.
- Polymethacrylimides with high heat resistance can further by reacting polymethyl methacrylate or its copolymers with primary amines are obtained, which are also used according to the invention. Representing the multitude of examples of these polymer analogues Imidization may be mentioned: US 4,246,374, EP 216 505 A2, EP 860 821.
- High Heat resistance can be either by the use of Arylamines (JP 05222119 A2) or by the use of special Reach comonomers (EP 561 230 A2, EP 577 002 A1). All these reactions However, they do not give foams, but rather solid polymers which are used to obtain a Foam must be foamed in a separate second step. Also For this purpose, techniques are known in the art.
- Poly (meth) acrylimide rigid foams can also be obtained commercially , such as ®Rohacell from Röhm GmbH, which is available in various Densities and sizes available.
- the density of the poly (meth) acrylimide foam before densification is preferably in the range from 20 kg / m 3 to 180 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably in the range from 30 to 110 kg / m 3 .
- the core layer may additionally have further layers.
- the thickness of the core layer is in the range of 0.8 to 100 mm, in particular in the range of 1 to 15 and most preferably in the range from 1 to 8 mm.
- any known planar structure can be used, the at the processing parameters necessary for the production of the membrane, such as Pressure and temperature, stable and at a temperature ⁇ 160 ° C, preferably 175-200 ° C, suitably in the range of 180-200 ° C, in particular in Range of 180-195 ° C, is deformable.
- the term is used here "deformable planar structure" in the context of the present invention by mechanical forces plastically deformable flat structures.
- the two-dimensional structures are particularly special which has been found to be advantageous at a temperature ⁇ 160 ° C, preferably 175-200 ° C, suitably in the range of 180-200 ° C, in particular in the range of 180-195 ° C, using a pressure ⁇ 0.3 MPa, especially in the range from 1 to 16 MPa formable, suitably thermoformable, are.
- inventively preferred planar structures include u.a.
- films which at a temperature ⁇ 160 ° C, preferably 175-200 ° C, suitably in the range of 180-200 ° C, especially in the range from 180-195 ° C, formable polymers, suitably formable Polyesters and polyamides, in particular polyamides.
- the polymers have preferably a glass transition temperature of less than 160 ° C and a melting temperature greater than 160 ° C, preferably greater than 170 ° C, suitably greater than 180 ° C, on. In this case, both the glass transition temperature and the melting temperature determined by DSC using a heating rate of 20 ° C / min. Also Mixtures of several polymers and / or the use of copolymers is conceivable.
- the weight fraction of or deformable polymers based on the total weight of the film preferably at least 50% by weight, suitably at least 65% by weight, especially preferably at least 80 wt .-%, in particular at least 95 wt .-%.
- mats or webs can be used, the Include glass fibers, carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers, provided that these tracks or mats at a temperature ⁇ 160 ° C, preferably 175-200 ° C, suitably in the range of 180-200 ° C, in particular in the range of 180-195 ° C, are deformable.
- a cover layer and webs can be used be, which have a multilayer structure.
- curable plastics prepreg sheets usually Glass fiber mats or glass filament fabrics, which by hot pressing to form parts or semi-finished can be processed.
- the hardenable plastic preferably one at a temperature ⁇ 160 ° C, preferably 175-200 ° C, suitably in the range of 180-200 ° C, in particular in the range of 180-195 ° C, formable polymer, preferably a polyester or a polyamide, in particular a polyamide.
- the polymer preferably has a glass transition temperature less than 160 ° C and a melting temperature greater than 160 ° C, preferably greater 170 ° C, suitably greater than 180 ° C, more preferably greater than or equal 190 ° C, in particular in the range of 190-230 ° C.
- a glass transition temperature less than 160 ° C and a melting temperature greater than 160 ° C, preferably greater 170 ° C, suitably greater than 180 ° C, more preferably greater than or equal 190 ° C, in particular in the range of 190-230 ° C.
- the thickness of the cover layer is in the range of 0.05 to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm and most preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2 mm.
- an adhesive can also be used. Depending on Material of the cover layer, this is not necessary.
- the membranes prepared according to the method of the invention have excellent mechanical properties.
- the modulus of elasticity according to DIN 53 423 is greater than or equal to 50 MPa, in particular greater than 60 MPa.
- the flexural strength according to DIN 53423 with values of 2 MPa or more, especially greater than 2.3 MPa surprisingly high.
- the Bending stiffness according to DIN 53 293 has values of 8 MPa or more, especially greater than 10 MPa.
- non-flat membranes Possible fields of use of the non-flat membranes according to the invention are immediately obvious to the person skilled in the art. They are preferably as Membranes for electroacoustic transducers, in particular as Speaker diaphragms, used.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
Description
- Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird die Deckschicht besonders fest auf die Kemschicht aufgebracht, so dass sie sich auch nach längerem Gebrauch nicht von der Kernschicht löst.
- In dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können auch Deckschichten eingesetzt werden, die keine faserartige Struktur aufweisen.
- Über den Verdichtungsgrad der Kernschicht in Verbindung mit der Wahl der Deckschicht lässt sich eine gewünschte Festigkeit des Bauteils über einen weiteren Bereich einstellen.
- Fig. 1:
- Einlegen der Deckschichten und der Kernschicht in eine erste Presse,
- Fig. 2:
- Aufwärmen auf Laminierungstemperatur und Schließen auf Kontakt
- Fig. 3:
- Einbringen des laminierten Verbunds in eine zweite Presse mit Positiv und Negativ
- Fig. 4:
- Schließen der zweiten Presse bei Verdichtungstemperatur.
R1 und R2 gleich oder verschieden Wasserstoff oder eine Methylgruppe und
R3 Wasserstoff oder einen Alkyl- oder Arylrest mit bis zu 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei Wasserstoff bevorzugt ist, darstellen.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer nicht-flachen Membran für elektroakustische Wandler, die eine Poly(meth)acrylimidschaum aufweisende Kernschicht und mindestens eine Deckschicht aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassa) man die Deckschicht mit der Kernschicht unter Anwendung eines Druckes von < 0,3 MPa und einer Temperatur ≥ 160 °C laminiert und anschließendb) den erhaltenen Verbund bei einem Druck ≥ 0,3 MPa und einer Temperatur ≥ 160 °C unter Verwendung einer kalten Form, die eine Temperatur kleiner 100°C aufweist, umformt und zugleich mindestens die mit der Deckschicht in Kontakt befindliche Seite der Kernschicht verdichtet.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zur Laminierung mindestens die mit der Deckschicht in Kontakt befindliche Seite der Kernschicht auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 165 bis 230 °C, insbesondere im Bereich von 180 bis 195 °C, erwärmt.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zur Umformung eine Temperatur im Bereich von 175-200°C, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 180-200°C, insbesondere im Bereich von 180 bis 195°C, einstellt.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zur Umformung einen Druck im Bereich von 1 bis 16 MPa einsetzt.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Kernschicht auf eine Dicke kleiner als 90%, bezogen auf die ursprüngliche Dicke, verdichtet.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Kemschicht einsetzt, die aus Poly(meth)acrylimidschaum besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als Deckschicht ein flächiges Gebilde einsetzt, das ein thermoplastisch verarbeitbares Polymer enthält, welches bei einer Temperatur ≥ 160°C, vorzugsweise 175-200°C, zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich von 180-200°C, insbesondere im Bereich von 180-195°C, umformbar ist.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als Deckschicht ein flächiges Halbzeug einsetzt, welches Polyamid-12 enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zwei Deckschichten einsetzt, um eine Sandwichstruktur zu erhalten.
- Nicht-flache Membran für elektroakustische Wandler, die eine Poly(meth)acrylimidschaum aufweisende Kernschicht und mindestens eine Deckschicht umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckschicht ein flächiges Gebilde ist, das ein thermoplastisch verarbeitbares Polymer enthält, welches bei einer Temperatur ≥ 160°C, vorzugsweise 175-200°C, zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich von 180-200°C, insbesondere im Bereich von 180-195°C, umformbar ist.
- Nicht-flache Membran nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schälfestigkeit ≥ 10 N/mm, das Elastizitätsmodul ≥ 50 MPa und die Biegefestigkeit ≥ 2 MPa ist.
- Nicht-flache Membran nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Membran zwei Deckschichten aufweist.
- Nicht-flache Membran nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine konische, vorzugsweise eine konisch abgestumpfte, Form aufweist.
- Verwendung einer nicht-flachen Membran nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 10 bis 13 als elektroakustischen Wandler, vorzugsweise als Lautsprecher-Membran.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10135414A DE10135414C1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Herstellung nicht-flacher Membranen für elektroakustische Wandler |
DE10135414 | 2001-07-25 | ||
PCT/EP2002/007603 WO2003013187A1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2002-07-09 | Herstellung nicht-flacher membranen für elektroakustische wandler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1410681A1 EP1410681A1 (de) | 2004-04-21 |
EP1410681B1 true EP1410681B1 (de) | 2005-03-30 |
Family
ID=7692512
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02791447A Expired - Lifetime EP1410681B1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2002-07-09 | Herstellung nicht-flacher membranen für elektroakustische wandler |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040247152A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1410681B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3999198B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100542334C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE292361T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2455619A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10135414C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2238624T3 (de) |
MY (1) | MY131414A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003013187A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10231830A1 (de) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-22 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Schaumstoff mit verdichteter Oberfläche |
FR2853803B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-09 | 2005-06-03 | Focal Jmlab | Membrane pour haut-parleur d'enceinte acoustique haute fidelite, multicouches, multimateriaux |
JP4482372B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-13 | 2010-06-16 | パイオニア株式会社 | 電気音響変換器用振動板の製造方法 |
JP2006319464A (ja) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-24 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | スピーカー装置用振動板の製造方法 |
JP2007096498A (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-12 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | スピーカ用振動板及びその製造方法 |
DE102010028695A1 (de) * | 2010-05-06 | 2011-11-10 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Polymethacrylimid-Schaumstoffe mit verminderter Entflammbarkeit sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser |
JP4939669B1 (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | パイオニア株式会社 | スピーカエッジ及びその製造方法、スピーカ |
DE102012000275A1 (de) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-11 | Nicolay Verwaltung Gmbh | Schallwandler, insbesondere Ultraschallwandler, und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
FR3028704B1 (fr) * | 2014-11-17 | 2018-03-09 | Focal Jmlab | Membrane de haut-parleur, et procede de fabrication d'une telle membrane |
US20170034625A1 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Logitech Europe S.A | Electronic device having a mode damped diaphragm |
GB2549955A (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2017-11-08 | 4A Mfg Gmbh | Membrane plate structure for generating sound waves |
US10034093B2 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-07-24 | 4A Manufacturing Gmbh | Temperature stable membrane plate structure for a loudspeaker |
US10028060B2 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-07-17 | 4A Manufacturing Gmbh | Temperature stable membrane plate structure for a loudspeaker |
TWI683583B (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-01-21 | 輔仁大學學校財團法人輔仁大學 | 音膜結構 |
Family Cites Families (23)
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US533065A (en) * | 1895-01-29 | Baling-machine | ||
DE2225710C3 (de) * | 1971-05-28 | 1975-12-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma, Osaka | Membran für elektroakustische Wandler und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
JPS52154623A (en) * | 1976-06-18 | 1977-12-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Sound diaphragm |
US4140203A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1979-02-20 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Acoustic diaphragm with polyurethane elastomer coating |
JPS52139425A (en) * | 1976-05-18 | 1977-11-21 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrostatic recording apparatus |
JPS5379525A (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1978-07-14 | Sony Corp | Compound diaphtagm for speakers |
US4246374A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1981-01-20 | Rohm And Haas Company | Imidized acrylic polymers |
GB2062408B (en) * | 1979-10-02 | 1984-02-22 | Victor Company Of Japan | Speaker |
JPS57132500A (en) * | 1981-02-10 | 1982-08-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Manufacture for diaphragm plate for speaker |
NL8200690A (nl) * | 1982-02-22 | 1983-09-16 | Philips Nv | Luidsprekermembraan bevattende een laag van polymethacrylimideschuim. |
US4673454A (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1987-06-16 | Chinese Petroleum Corp. | Process for preparing bipolar membranes |
US4727117A (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1988-02-23 | Rohm And Haas Company | Imide polymers |
US4928312A (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-05-22 | Amel Hill | Acoustic transducer |
US5259036A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-11-02 | Shure Brothers, Inc. | Diaphragm for dynamic microphones and methods of manufacturing the same |
DE4208994A1 (de) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-23 | Basf Ag | Polymethacrylimide mit hoher waermeformbestaendigkeit |
JPH05316591A (ja) * | 1992-05-12 | 1993-11-26 | Onkyo Corp | スピーカ用エッジ及びその製造方法 |
DE4221712A1 (de) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-05 | Basf Ag | Polymethacrylimide mit hoher Wärmeformbeständigkeit |
DE4321506C2 (de) * | 1993-06-29 | 1999-07-29 | Ulrich Ranke | Lautsprechermembrane für einen Schallerzeuger |
US6028565A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2000-02-22 | Norton Performance Plastics Corporation | W-band and X-band radome wall |
US6063467A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 2000-05-16 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Optical recording medium |
US6107976A (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-08-22 | Bradley B. Teel | Hybrid core sandwich radome |
DE19925787C1 (de) * | 1999-06-05 | 2000-12-21 | Roehm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Membranen für elektroakustische Wandler sowie Membranen |
DE19935596A1 (de) * | 1999-08-02 | 2001-03-15 | Moeller Plast Gmbh | Akustisches Bauteil |
-
2001
- 2001-07-25 DE DE10135414A patent/DE10135414C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-04 MY MYPI20022062A patent/MY131414A/en unknown
- 2002-07-09 ES ES02791447T patent/ES2238624T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-09 DE DE50202642T patent/DE50202642D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-09 AT AT02791447T patent/ATE292361T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-09 JP JP2003518227A patent/JP3999198B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-09 CN CNB028112695A patent/CN100542334C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-09 EP EP02791447A patent/EP1410681B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-09 CA CA002455619A patent/CA2455619A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-09 WO PCT/EP2002/007603 patent/WO2003013187A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-09 US US10/484,781 patent/US20040247152A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003013187A1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
DE50202642D1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
EP1410681A1 (de) | 2004-04-21 |
ATE292361T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
US20040247152A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
CN100542334C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
DE10135414C1 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
MY131414A (en) | 2007-08-30 |
CN1513279A (zh) | 2004-07-14 |
CA2455619A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
ES2238624T3 (es) | 2005-09-01 |
JP2004537243A (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
JP3999198B2 (ja) | 2007-10-31 |
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