EP1410681A1 - Herstellung nicht-flacher membranen für elektroakustische wandler - Google Patents
Herstellung nicht-flacher membranen für elektroakustische wandlerInfo
- Publication number
- EP1410681A1 EP1410681A1 EP02791447A EP02791447A EP1410681A1 EP 1410681 A1 EP1410681 A1 EP 1410681A1 EP 02791447 A EP02791447 A EP 02791447A EP 02791447 A EP02791447 A EP 02791447A EP 1410681 A1 EP1410681 A1 EP 1410681A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- range
- temperature
- core layer
- mpa
- cover layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
- H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
- H04R7/122—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers
- H04R7/125—Non-planar diaphragms or cones comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising a plurality of superposed layers in contact
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49005—Acoustic transducer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for producing non-flat membranes for electroacoustic transducers which have a core layer comprising poly (meth) acrylimide foam and at least one cover layer, and to membranes for electroacoustic transducers.
- Electroacoustic transducers or loudspeakers are devices which are able to convert electrical alternating currents in the audio frequency range into audible sound. These devices are well known in the art and are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,928,312, DE-OS 30 36 876 and DE-OS 22 25 710.
- EP-A-0 087 177 describes a membrane which has a layer of poly (meth) acrylimide foam.
- the layer comprising poly (meth) acrylimide can be provided with a cover layer.
- This cover layer is applied by adhesive at room temperature to ensure that the density of the core layer remains as low as possible.
- the quotient of density and Modulus of elasticity should be as low as possible, since this factor is a measure of the quality of the membrane.
- the decorative films can easily detach from the core layer if used over a long period of time if they are applied to a particularly smooth poly (meth) acrylimide layer.
- the membrane should be designed as a rigid piston, but this goal can only be achieved incompletely and vibrations and twists within the membrane are inevitable. These vibrations can lead to detachments over a longer period of time.
- Document DE 199 25 787 discloses a first approach to solving these problems. It describes a method for producing a membrane for electroacoustic transducers, which has a core layer comprising poly (meth) acrylimide foam and at least one cover layer, such as, for example, films made of polypropylene, polyester, Polyamide, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl (meth) acrylate and / or metal, such as aluminum, contain mats or sheets which comprise glass fibers, carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers, wherein the cover layer with the Laminated core layer using a pressure of> 0.4 MPa and a temperature> 160 ° C, at the same time compacted at least the side of the core layer in contact with the cover layer and then cooled the composite obtained to a temperature below 80 ° C before reduced the pressure to ambient pressure.
- the process can be carried out as a one-step process.
- the membranes produced in this way show excellent strength, with the cover layers in particular having a very high
- non-flat membranes for electroacoustic transducers which comprise a core layer comprising poly (meth) acrylimide foam and at least one cover layer.
- the procedures should be simple to carry out and allow the shortest possible cycle times.
- the invention was further based on the object of creating non-flat membranes for electroacoustic transducers which comprise a core layer comprising poly (meth) acrylimide foams and at least one cover layer, in which the above-mentioned detachment problems of the cover layer are reduced or eliminated.
- a non-flat membrane for electroacoustic transducers which has a core layer comprising poly (meth) acrylimide foam and at least one top layer, a) the top layer with the core layer using a pressure of ⁇ 0.3 MPa and a temperature Laminated> 160 ° C and then b) the composite obtained at a pressure> 0.3 MPa and a temperature> 160 ° C using a cold mold, which has a temperature less than 100 ° C, and at the same time at least that with the top layer compacted in contact side of the core layer, it is not easily predictable to make available a process for the production of a non-flat membrane for electroacoustic transducers, which has a poly (meth) acrylimide foam core layer and at least one cover layer, which in a simple way is feasible. In particular, it allows the production of the non-flat membranes with significantly shorter cycle times.
- the cover layer is applied particularly firmly to the core layer, so that it does not detach from the core layer even after prolonged use.
- cover layers can also be used which have no fibrous structure.
- the method according to the invention is used to produce non-flat membranes for electroacoustic transducers.
- the membranes are preferably curved and expediently in the form of a hollow body.
- the method for producing conical membranes, in particular conically truncated membranes has proven particularly useful.
- the cover layer with the core layer is first laminated at a temperature> 160 ° C., preferably in a range from 165 to 230 ° C., in particular in the range from 180 to 195 ° C.
- the lamination is preferably carried out by lightly pressing the composite together, but the pressure applied should be less than 0.3 MPa.
- the pressure applied is expediently 0.05 to 0.25 MPa.
- the duration of the lamination step depends, among other things, on the curing conditions of the adhesive certainly. It is preferably 0.01 to 10 minutes, in particular 0.1 to 5 minutes.
- the composite obtained is at a pressure> 0.3 MPa, preferably in the range of 1-16 MPa, and a temperature> 160 ° C, preferably in the range of 175-200 ° C, advantageously in the range of 180-200 ° C, in particular in the range of 180-195 ° C, using a cold mold that has a temperature below 100 ° C, reshaped and at the same time compresses at least the side of the core layer in contact with the cover layer.
- thermoforming processes which are described, for example, in Dubbel, Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau, 19th edition, edited by W. Beitz and K.-H. Grote, Springer 1997, E77.
- the thermoplastic semifinished product (composite from a)) is heated quickly and uniformly to the temperature of optimal thermoelastic behavior and is shaped by means of vacuum, compressed air or mechanical forces and fixed by cooling.
- the laminated composite from a) between a positive and a negative and then to bring it into the desired shape by compressing the tool.
- cooled spacers so-called stops, are preferably used in the pressing process.
- molds cooled to less than 100 ° C. are used according to the invention in sub-step b). In this way, the cycle times of the process are significantly reduced because of the composite produced can be removed directly from the press without first having to be cooled to a temperature ⁇ 100 ° C. Particularly advantageous results are achieved using cooled molds which have a temperature below 90 ° C., preferably below 80 ° C., in particular below 70 ° C.
- Preferred embodiments of the membrane according to the invention have two cover layers which form a sandwich structure with the core layer.
- the manufacture of such a membrane is now illustrated with the aid of the following figures.
- Fig. 3 Introducing the laminated composite in a second press with positive and negative
- Fig. 4 Closing the second press at compression temperature.
- FIGS 1 to 4 schematically show the production of the membrane according to the invention.
- the poly (meth) acrylimide foam core layer (2) is first placed together with the cover layers (3) placed on both sides in a first press which has heatable and coolable plates (1). This process can take place at a temperature below 80 ° C.
- the press is then brought into contact, which is shown in FIG. 2.
- the temperature of the press is increased to the lamination temperature.
- the lamination temperature is at least 160 ° C, it is preferably in a range of 165-230 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range of 180- 195 ° C. If the temperature is less than 160 ° C, the pore structure of the poly (meth) acrylimide rigid foam can be damaged.
- the pressure used for this is less than 0.3 MPa, preferably 0.01 to ⁇ 0.3 MPa, in particular 0.05 to 0.25 MPa.
- the laminated composite introduced into a second press, the one cooled to less than 100 ° C, preferably to less than 90 ° C, suitably less than 80 ° C, in particular less than 70 ° C, and one to less 100 ° C, preferably to less than 90 ° C, suitably less than 80 ° C, in particular less than 70 ° C, cooled negative (counter-shape, 5) (see Fig. 3).
- the press is moved to the stops (6), which may also be cooled, as shown in FIG. 4.
- the core layer is compressed to the intended degree of compaction. This is identified by reference number 7.
- the pressure required for this is generally at least 0.3 MPa. However, a higher pressure can also be selected, preferably in the range from 1 to 16 MPa.
- the time spent in the second press is generally very short. It is preferably 5 to 300 seconds, in particular 10 to 30 seconds.
- the core layer is preferably compacted to a thickness of less than 90%, preferably less than 80%, based on the original thickness.
- the compaction is smaller, the lamination does not adhere sufficiently without the use of special adhesives.
- Compacting means that the pores of the core layer are reduced. As a result, the strength of the membrane is significantly increased without this will significantly affect their suitability for use as an electroacoustic transducer.
- the core layers relevant to the process of the invention have poly (meth) acrylimide foam.
- the notation (meth) acrylic includes methacrylic, acrylic and mixtures of the two.
- Poly (meth) acrylimide foams for core layers of membranes contain recurring units which can be represented by formula (I),
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different hydrogen or a methyl group
- R 3 represents hydrogen or an alkyl or aryl radical having up to 20 carbon atoms, with hydrogen being preferred.
- Units of structure (I) preferably form more than 30% by weight, particularly preferably more than 50% by weight and very particularly preferably more than 80% by weight of the poly (meth) acrylimide foam.
- the units of structural formula (I) can be formed from neighboring units of (meth) acrylic acid and (meth) acrylonitrile by a cyclizing isomerization reaction when heated to 150 to 250 ° C (cf. DE-C 18 17 156, DE -C 27 26 259, EP-B 146 892).
- a precursor is first by polymerizing the monomers in the presence of a radical initiator at low temperatures, e.g. B. 30 to 60 ° C with reheating to 60 to 120 ° C, which is then foamed by heating to about 180 to 250 ° C by a blowing agent contained (see EP-B 356 714).
- a radical initiator e.g. B. 30 to 60 ° C with reheating to 60 to 120 ° C, which is then foamed by heating to about 180 to 250 ° C by a blowing agent contained (see EP-B 356 714).
- a copolymer can first be formed which has (meth) acrylic acid and (meth) acrylonitrile, preferably in a molar ratio between 2: 3 and 3: 2.
- copolymers such as esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, in particular with lower alcohols with 1-4 carbon atoms, styrene, maleic acid or their anhydride, itaconic acid or their anhydride, vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride can be used.
- the proportion of the comonomers which are difficult or impossible to cyclize should not exceed 30% by weight, preferably 10% by weight.
- crosslinking agents such as.
- allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate or - dimethacrylate or polyvalent metal salts of acrylic or methacrylic acid, such as magnesium methacrylate can be used advantageously.
- the proportions can e.g. B. 0.005 to 5 wt .-%.
- the preliminary products can also contain customary additives. These include, among others, antistatic agents, antioxidants, mold release agents, flame retardants, lubricants, dyes, flow improvers, Fillers, light stabilizers and organic phosphorus compounds, such as phosphites or phosphonates, pigments, weathering agents and plasticizers.
- the polymerization initiators used are those which are customary for the polymerization of methacrylates, for example azo compounds, such as azodiisobutyronitrile, and peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide or dilauroyl peroxide, or else other peroxide compounds, for example t-butyl peroctanoate or perketals, as well as, if appropriate, redox initiators (cf. H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th. Völker, Acryl- und Methacryl für, Springer, Heidelberg, 1967 or Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol. 1, pages 286 ff, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978).
- azo compounds such as azodiisobutyronitrile
- peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide or dilauroyl peroxide
- other peroxide compounds for example t-butyl peroctanoate or perketals
- the polymerization initiators are preferably used in amounts of 0.01 to 0.3% by weight, based on the starting materials. It can also be advantageous to combine polymerization initiators with different disintegration properties with regard to time and temperature.
- blowing agents are used to foam the copolymer during the conversion into an imide group-containing polymer, which form a gas phase at 150 to 250 ° C. by decomposition or evaporation.
- Blowing agents with an amide structure such as urea, monomethyl or N, N'-dimethylurea, formamide or monomethylformamide, release ammonia or amines upon decomposition, which can contribute to the additional formation of imide groups.
- nitrogen-free blowing agents such as formic acid, water or monohydric aliphatic alcohols having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as propanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanols or hexanol, can also be used.
- Blowing agents are usually used in the reaction mixture in amounts of approximately 0.5 to 8% by weight, based on the monomers used.
- a very particularly preferred polymethacrylimide foam that can be used can be obtained, for example, by the following steps:
- Rigid poly (meth) acrylimide foams can also be obtained commercially, such as ® Rohacell from Röhm GmbH, which is available in different densities and sizes.
- the density of the poly (meth) acrylimide foam before compression is preferably in the range from 20 kg / m 3 to 180 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably in the range from 30 to 110 kg / m 3 .
- the core layer can additionally have further layers.
- the thickness of the core layer is in the range from 0.8 to 100 mm, in particular in the range from 1 to 15 and very particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 8 mm.
- any known flat structure can be used as the cover layer, which is stable in the processing parameters required for producing the membrane, such as pressure and temperature, and at a temperature> 160 ° C., preferably 175-200 ° C., advantageously in the range of 180-200 ° C, especially in the range of 180-195 ° C, is deformable.
- the flat structures have proven to be particularly advantageous, which at a temperature> 160 ° C, preferably 175-200 ° C, expediently in Range of 180-200 ° C, in particular in the range of 180-195 ° C, using a pressure> 0.3 MPa, in particular in the range of 1 to 16 MPa, can be formed, expediently thermoformable.
- the two-dimensional structures preferred according to the invention include for example films which form polymers which are formable at a temperature of 160 ° C., preferably 175-200 ° C., advantageously in the range from 180-200 ° C., in particular in the range from 180-195 ° C., suitably formable polyesters and polyamides, in particular polyamides.
- the polymers preferably have a glass transition temperature below 160 ° C. and a melting temperature above 160 ° C., preferably above 170 ° C., advantageously above 180 ° C. Both the glass temperature and the melting temperature are determined using DSC using a heating rate of 20 ° C / min. Mixtures of several polymers and / or the use of copolymers are also conceivable.
- Mats or webs comprising glass fibers, carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers can furthermore preferably be used, provided these webs or mats are at a temperature> 160 ° C., preferably 175-200 ° C., expediently in the range of 180-200 ° C. in particular in the range of 180-195 ° C.
- Sheets can also be used as the top layer that have a multilayer structure. According to the invention, particular preference is given to prepregs impregnated with curable plastics, usually glass fiber mats or glass filament fabrics, which can be processed into molded parts or semi-finished products by hot pressing.
- the curable plastic is preferably a polymer which can be deformed at a temperature> 160 ° C., preferably 175-200 ° C., expediently in the range from 180-200 ° C., in particular in the range from 180-195 ° C., preferably a polyester or a Polyamide, especially a polyamide.
- the polymer preferably has a glass transition temperature below 160 ° C. and a melting temperature above 160 ° C., preferably above 170 ° C., advantageously above 180 ° C., particularly preferably above 190 ° C., in particular in the range from 190-230 ° C. Both the glass temperature and the melting temperature are determined using DSC using a heating rate of 20 ° C / min.
- the proportion by weight of the formable polymer or polymers, based on the total weight of the film, is preferably at least 50% by weight, advantageously at least 65% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight.
- the thickness of the cover layer is preferably in the range from 0.05 to 10 mm, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 5 mm and very particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2 mm.
- An adhesive can also be used to improve adhesion. Depending on the material of the cover layer, this is not necessary.
- the membranes produced according to the method according to the invention have excellent mechanical properties.
- the modulus of elasticity according to DIN 53 423 is greater than or equal to 50 MPa, in particular greater than 60 MPa.
- the bending strength according to DIN 53423 is surprisingly high with values of 2 MPa or more, in particular greater than 2.3 MPa.
- the bending stiffness according to DIN 53 293 also has values of 8 MPa or more, in particular greater than 10 MPa.
- non-flat membranes Possible areas of application of the non-flat membranes according to the invention are immediately obvious to the person skilled in the art. They are preferably used as membranes for electroacoustic transducers, in particular as loudspeaker membranes.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10135414A DE10135414C1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Herstellung nicht-flacher Membranen für elektroakustische Wandler |
DE10135414 | 2001-07-25 | ||
PCT/EP2002/007603 WO2003013187A1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2002-07-09 | Herstellung nicht-flacher membranen für elektroakustische wandler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1410681A1 true EP1410681A1 (de) | 2004-04-21 |
EP1410681B1 EP1410681B1 (de) | 2005-03-30 |
Family
ID=7692512
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02791447A Expired - Lifetime EP1410681B1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2002-07-09 | Herstellung nicht-flacher membranen für elektroakustische wandler |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040247152A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1410681B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3999198B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100542334C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE292361T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2455619A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10135414C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2238624T3 (de) |
MY (1) | MY131414A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003013187A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10231830A1 (de) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-22 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Schaumstoff mit verdichteter Oberfläche |
FR2853803B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-09 | 2005-06-03 | Focal Jmlab | Membrane pour haut-parleur d'enceinte acoustique haute fidelite, multicouches, multimateriaux |
JP4482372B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-13 | 2010-06-16 | パイオニア株式会社 | 電気音響変換器用振動板の製造方法 |
JP2006319464A (ja) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-24 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | スピーカー装置用振動板の製造方法 |
JP2007096498A (ja) | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-12 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | スピーカ用振動板及びその製造方法 |
DE102010028695A1 (de) * | 2010-05-06 | 2011-11-10 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Polymethacrylimid-Schaumstoffe mit verminderter Entflammbarkeit sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser |
JP4939669B1 (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | パイオニア株式会社 | スピーカエッジ及びその製造方法、スピーカ |
DE102012000275A1 (de) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-11 | Nicolay Verwaltung Gmbh | Schallwandler, insbesondere Ultraschallwandler, und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
FR3028704B1 (fr) * | 2014-11-17 | 2018-03-09 | Focal Jmlab | Membrane de haut-parleur, et procede de fabrication d'une telle membrane |
US20170034625A1 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Logitech Europe S.A | Electronic device having a mode damped diaphragm |
GB2549955A (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2017-11-08 | 4A Mfg Gmbh | Membrane plate structure for generating sound waves |
US10028060B2 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-07-17 | 4A Manufacturing Gmbh | Temperature stable membrane plate structure for a loudspeaker |
US10034093B2 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-07-24 | 4A Manufacturing Gmbh | Temperature stable membrane plate structure for a loudspeaker |
TWI683583B (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-01-21 | 輔仁大學學校財團法人輔仁大學 | 音膜結構 |
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US533065A (en) * | 1895-01-29 | Baling-machine | ||
DE2225710C3 (de) * | 1971-05-28 | 1975-12-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma, Osaka | Membran für elektroakustische Wandler und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
CA1098774A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1981-04-07 | Hirotoshi Niguchi | Acoustic diaphragm with polyurethane elastomer coating |
JPS52154623A (en) * | 1976-06-18 | 1977-12-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Sound diaphragm |
JPS52139425A (en) * | 1976-05-18 | 1977-11-21 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrostatic recording apparatus |
JPS5379525A (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1978-07-14 | Sony Corp | Compound diaphtagm for speakers |
US4246374A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1981-01-20 | Rohm And Haas Company | Imidized acrylic polymers |
DE3036876C2 (de) * | 1979-10-02 | 1983-09-08 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa | Lautsprecher mit einer Membran und einem Schwingspulenkörper |
JPS57132500A (en) * | 1981-02-10 | 1982-08-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Manufacture for diaphragm plate for speaker |
NL8200690A (nl) * | 1982-02-22 | 1983-09-16 | Philips Nv | Luidsprekermembraan bevattende een laag van polymethacrylimideschuim. |
US4673454A (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1987-06-16 | Chinese Petroleum Corp. | Process for preparing bipolar membranes |
US4727117A (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1988-02-23 | Rohm And Haas Company | Imide polymers |
US4928312A (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-05-22 | Amel Hill | Acoustic transducer |
US5259036A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-11-02 | Shure Brothers, Inc. | Diaphragm for dynamic microphones and methods of manufacturing the same |
DE4208994A1 (de) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-23 | Basf Ag | Polymethacrylimide mit hoher waermeformbestaendigkeit |
JPH05316591A (ja) * | 1992-05-12 | 1993-11-26 | Onkyo Corp | スピーカ用エッジ及びその製造方法 |
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-
2001
- 2001-07-25 DE DE10135414A patent/DE10135414C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-04 MY MYPI20022062A patent/MY131414A/en unknown
- 2002-07-09 CA CA002455619A patent/CA2455619A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-09 AT AT02791447T patent/ATE292361T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-09 ES ES02791447T patent/ES2238624T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-09 DE DE50202642T patent/DE50202642D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-09 WO PCT/EP2002/007603 patent/WO2003013187A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-09 CN CNB028112695A patent/CN100542334C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-09 US US10/484,781 patent/US20040247152A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-09 JP JP2003518227A patent/JP3999198B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-09 EP EP02791447A patent/EP1410681B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO03013187A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004537243A (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
US20040247152A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
DE10135414C1 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
ES2238624T3 (es) | 2005-09-01 |
WO2003013187A1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
MY131414A (en) | 2007-08-30 |
CN1513279A (zh) | 2004-07-14 |
ATE292361T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
CN100542334C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
DE50202642D1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
EP1410681B1 (de) | 2005-03-30 |
JP3999198B2 (ja) | 2007-10-31 |
CA2455619A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
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