EP1405144A1 - Sensor zur strahlungsenergiebestimmung und verwendung hierfür - Google Patents
Sensor zur strahlungsenergiebestimmung und verwendung hierfürInfo
- Publication number
- EP1405144A1 EP1405144A1 EP02751097A EP02751097A EP1405144A1 EP 1405144 A1 EP1405144 A1 EP 1405144A1 EP 02751097 A EP02751097 A EP 02751097A EP 02751097 A EP02751097 A EP 02751097A EP 1405144 A1 EP1405144 A1 EP 1405144A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- gas
- sensor
- ozone
- measuring chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/7055—Exposure light control in all parts of the microlithographic apparatus, e.g. pulse length control or light interruption
- G03F7/70558—Dose control, i.e. achievement of a desired dose
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/48—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using chemical effects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/20—Oxygen containing
- Y10T436/206664—Ozone or peroxide
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor for determining the energy of radiation of a type capable of converting oxygen to ozone, and to the use of such a sensor.
- Radiation energy sensors are used in different designs and for different purposes, for example in devices for controlling or regulating radiation sources of optical imaging systems, in order to convert the radiation energy emitted by the radiation source to a desired, e.g. constant value.
- One such field of application is photolithographic projection exposure systems for imaging mask structures on resist-coated wafer surfaces in semiconductor technology, which work with UV radiation.
- UV radiation is one of the types of radiation that converts oxygen to ozone when the radiation hits an oxygen-containing gas.
- photoelectric sensors working with photodiodes in order to determine the energy of the radiation used for imaging and to be able to set the radiation energy to an, for example, constant value based thereon, see for example the patents US Pat. No. 5,250,797 , US 5,728,495 and US 6,141,081.
- These photoelectric sensors are used to determine the energy of UV radiation with wavelengths of 193nm and 248nm, for example.
- the active area of such sensors is typically limited to 2mm ⁇ 2mm and therefore relatively small.
- Another well-known type of sensors for energy determination Electromagnetic radiation, especially in the UV range, are so-called pyro sensors. These are thermal sensors with a radiation-absorbing layer that heats up and expands when exposed to radiation. The expansion acts on a piezo crystal, which emits an electrical signal proportional to the thermal expansion.
- part of the radiation generated by an associated radiation source is usually used as measurement radiation, e.g. decoupled by means of a beam splitter and fed to the sensor. This decoupled radiation component is then no longer available for the actual radiation useful function.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a sensor of the type mentioned at the outset and the use of the same, which enables reliable determination of the radiation energy with comparatively little radiation loss, especially for UV radiation with low wavelengths of e.g. 157nm enables.
- the invention solves this problem by providing a sensor with the features of claim 1 and using one according to claim 6.
- the sensor according to the invention includes a measuring chamber which can be irradiated by the radiation and has a gas inlet and a gas outlet, means being provided for supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the measuring chamber via the gas inlet and for gas discharge via the gas outlet. Furthermore, the sensor contains one or more ozone sensor elements for measuring the ozone content of the one in the measuring chamber or the one via the gas outlet discharged gas. The radiation energy is determined by means of assigned evaluation means on the basis of the measured ozone content.
- the sensor constructed in this way is suitable for determining the energy of radiation which, in the presence of oxygen, at least partially converts it into ozone.
- This ozone conversion is defined in e.g. empirically determinable depending on the radiation energy, e.g. proportional to this. If, consequently, oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the measuring chamber, the supplied oxygen is at least partially converted into ozone by such radiation coupled into the measuring chamber, the ozone content of the gas still located in the measuring chamber or of the gas discharged via the gas outlet being dependent on the radiation energy. By measuring the ozone content, the radiation energy sought can thus be determined by the evaluation means.
- a major advantage of this sensor is that it does not lose all of the radiation coupled into the measuring chamber for the actual radiation useful function, but only the portion that has contributed to the ozone conversion. The remaining portion of the measuring radiation can perform the intended useful function after being decoupled from the measuring chamber.
- the measuring chamber is formed by a rectilinear measuring tube which can be traversed in the longitudinal direction by the radiation.
- the radiation can consequently traverse the measuring chamber in a straight line without the need for radiation deflection means.
- the gas inlet and the gas outlet are arranged at opposite end regions of the measuring chamber. This results in a correspondingly long gas flow path through the measuring chamber, which in turn contributes to an intensive interaction of the injected radiation with the oxygen contained in the supplied gas and consequently to a high ozone formation rate and thus measurement sensitivity.
- the ozone sensor element is advantageously located in the area of the gas outlet or a gas outlet line leading away from it, so that it does not interfere with the radiation passing through the measuring chamber and detects the ozone content of the gas in the area of the gas outlet on the gas outlet, which detects all contains ozone formed by the radiation.
- the gas supply means are set up for variable adjustment of the supply rate and / or oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas. This can be used, for example, to adjust the measuring sensitivity of the sensor and thereby to realize a high measuring range dynamic for the sensor.
- an advantageous use of the sensor according to the invention is given in an optical imaging system working with the radiation.
- this can be a photolithographic projection exposure system.
- the radiation energy sensor can be used here within a control or regulation to detect the energy of the radiation used, in particular UV radiation, generated by a corresponding radiation source in order to measure the radiation energy by the control or set the control to a desired value, eg to be able to keep it constant.
- the single figure shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a sensor for determining radiation energy, for example for UV radiation.
- the radiation energy sensor shown contains a measuring chamber formed by a straight measuring tube 1.
- the measuring tube is closed at both ends by a radiation-permeable window 2, 3, which does not absorb the radiation, for example from CaF 2 .
- a gas inlet 4, into which a gas inlet line 5 opens, is introduced into the tubular jacket of the measuring tube 1 at a short distance from one end face.
- a gas outlet 6, from which a gas outlet line 7 leads away, is correspondingly introduced into the tubular jacket of the measuring tube 1 at a short distance from the other, opposite end face.
- the gas inlet side 4, 5 of the measuring tube 1 are assigned conventional gas supply means 8, shown only schematically in block diagram form, with which pure oxygen or another oxygen-containing gas 9 can be fed into the gas supply line 5 with a variably adjustable supply rate and / or oxygen concentration.
- a conventional ozone sensor element 10 is positioned in the interior of the gas outlet line 7, to the electrical measurement signal output of which an amplifier 11 is connected, the output signal of which is fed to an evaluation part 12 with an A / D converter and evaluating computer unit.
- Ozone sensor elements are used, for example, in the form of so-called semiconductor sensors.
- the sensor shown makes it possible to determine the energy of radiation of a type which is capable of converting oxygen into ozone by passing the radiation to be measured through the measuring tube 1, in which the supplied oxygen-containing gas is located, and the content dependent on the radiation energy is measured on ozone formed by the ozone sensor element 10.
- radiation 12 to be measured e.g. UV radiation of a wavelength of 157 nm is coupled into the measuring tube 1 via its one end face while passing through the end window 2 there, in order then to cross the straight measuring tube 1 along its longitudinal direction and on the opposite end face while passing through the end window 3 there to exit the measuring tube 1.
- the gas supply means 8 supplies the oxygen-containing gas 9 to the measuring tube 1 at the desired, controllable supply rate and / or oxygen concentration via the gas inlet 4.
- the supplied, oxygen-containing gas flows in the measuring tube 1 along its longitudinal direction until it leaves it again via the gas outlet 6.
- the injected radiation 12 is consequently in contact with the oxygen-containing gas flowing through it, as a result of which a portion of the oxygen contained in the gas which is dependent on the radiation energy is converted into ozone.
- the gas 9a discharged from the measuring tube 1 via the gas outlet 6 consequently has an ozone content which is higher than the oxygen-containing gas stream 9 as a function of the radiation energy.
- the ozone sensor element 10 detects this ozone content, ie the amount of ozone formed per unit of time, and forwards this information as an electrical signal to the amplifier 11.
- the signal amplified by this is digitized in the evaluation part 12 by the A / D converter and then processed by the evaluation computer.
- the evaluation computer determines the radiation energy sought depending on the measured ozone content on the basis of the known, for example empirically ascertainable, functional dependence of this ozone content on the energy of the radiation 12 passing through the measuring tube 1.
- the radiation energy sensor according to the invention described above with the aid of a representative example is evidently suitable for the most varied fields of application in which the energy of an ozone-forming radiation is to be recorded, and has several specific advantages.
- An important area of application is the use of this radiation energy sensor in optical imaging systems in order to be able to record the energy of the imaging radiation and thereby monitor it and adjust it to a desired value.
- the radiation energy sensor can be used in photolithographic ones that work with UV radiation
- Lighting system Systems with UV radiation of small wavelengths of e.g. 157nm used. There are otherwise little practical radiation energy sensors for this radiation.
- the radiation energy sensor according to the invention enables a sufficiently precise determination of the radiation energy, especially for such UV radiation of low wavelength, since this radiation is absorbed by oxygen under strong ozone formation, the ozone formation rate being proportional to the radiation energy.
- An advantage of the radiation energy sensor according to the invention is its great dynamics with a logarithmic signal / noise ratio. Because its sensitivity can be regulated over a very large measuring range by appropriately varying the oxygen flow in measuring tube 1.
- the oxygen flow can vary from the Gas supply means 8 can be set variably, namely by varying the gas supply rate and / or the oxygen concentration in the supplied oxygen-containing gas 9.
- the radiation energy sensor according to the invention can be set to high sensitivity values compared to conventional photoelectric sensors or pyro sensors.
- the sensitivity of the ozone sensor element 10 is usually essentially constant.
- Radiation energy determination in the continuous beam enables, i.e. the radiation 12a emerging from the sensor is available to the system
- Fulfillment of the actual useful function is available, the intensity of which is only slightly weakened compared to the radiation 12 coupled into the sensor by the proportion that was absorbed by the oxygen in the sensor with ozone formation.
- the measuring chamber 1 can be directly in the
- Beam path of the radiation to be measured can be introduced, or a part of the radiation can be coupled out of the main beam path, which is then passed through the measuring chamber 1 and then coupled back into the main beam path.
- the radiation energy sensor according to the invention is not subject to aging in continuous operation.
- the response time of the sensor is primarily determined by that of the ozone sensor element.
- a measuring chamber of any other shape can be used instead of the linear measuring tube, which is traversed at least in regions by the radiation whose energy is to be determined.
- the position of the gas inlet and the gas outlet can be modified as required, and the coupling and uncoupling of the radiation, which in the example shown takes place via the measuring tube end faces, can also be provided at other measuring chamber locations.
- the ozone sensor element can also be arranged in the measuring chamber itself, preferably in its area on the gas outlet side. Furthermore, several ozone sensor elements can be positioned at suitable locations if required.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10131918 | 2001-07-02 | ||
DE10131918A DE10131918A1 (de) | 2001-07-02 | 2001-07-02 | Sensor zur Strahlungsenergiebestimmung und Verwendung hierfür |
PCT/EP2002/007252 WO2003005128A1 (de) | 2001-07-02 | 2002-07-02 | Sensor zur strahlungsenergiebestimmung und verwendung hierfür |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1405144A1 true EP1405144A1 (de) | 2004-04-07 |
Family
ID=7690268
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02751097A Withdrawn EP1405144A1 (de) | 2001-07-02 | 2002-07-02 | Sensor zur strahlungsenergiebestimmung und verwendung hierfür |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050042140A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1405144A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004534234A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10131918A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003005128A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004042483B4 (de) * | 2004-08-31 | 2008-01-31 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Sauerstoffpartialdrucks in Brennstofftanks, insbesondere von Luft- und Raumfahrzeugen, sowie Verwendung der Vorrichtung |
DE102009049908A1 (de) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Sensor zum Nachweis von Sauerstoff |
DE102015206611A1 (de) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Flammenmelder zur Überwachung eines Bereichs angrenzend zu Gewässern und Berücksichtigung eines im Empfangslicht vorhandenen Polarisationsgrads bei der Brandalarmierung |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3923462A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1975-12-02 | Stanford Research Inst | Photographic detection and integration of light emitted from luminescent reactions |
FR2426644A1 (fr) * | 1978-05-23 | 1979-12-21 | Trailigaz | Dispositif de mesure d'une caracteristique physique de fonctionnement d'un ozoneur |
JPH01219544A (ja) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-01 | Suga Shikenki Kk | オゾン濃度測定制御方法 |
KR920702669A (ko) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-10-06 | 원본미기재 | 오존발생장치 |
US5250797A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1993-10-05 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Exposure method and apparatus for controlling light pulse emission using determined exposure quantities and control parameters |
JPH08250402A (ja) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-09-27 | Nikon Corp | 走査型露光方法及び装置 |
US5540898A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1996-07-30 | Vasogen Inc. | Ozone generator with in-line ozone sensor |
JPH09270385A (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-14 | Nikon Corp | 露光装置の環境制御装置 |
WO1998017991A1 (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-04-30 | In Usa, Inc. | Multi-wavelength based ozone measurement method and apparatus |
US6141081A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 2000-10-31 | Cymer, Inc. | Stepper or scanner having two energy monitors for a laser |
JPH11224839A (ja) * | 1998-02-04 | 1999-08-17 | Canon Inc | 露光装置とデバイス製造方法、ならびに該露光装置の光学素子クリーニング方法 |
EP1160627A3 (de) * | 2000-06-01 | 2004-08-18 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Lithographischer Apparat, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Artikels und damit hergestellter Artikel |
TWI226972B (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2005-01-21 | Asml Netherlands Bv | Lithographic apparatus, device manufacturing method, and device manufactured thereby |
-
2001
- 2001-07-02 DE DE10131918A patent/DE10131918A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-07-02 EP EP02751097A patent/EP1405144A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-02 WO PCT/EP2002/007252 patent/WO2003005128A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-02 US US10/482,775 patent/US20050042140A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-02 JP JP2003511037A patent/JP2004534234A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03005128A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10131918A1 (de) | 2003-01-16 |
JP2004534234A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
WO2003005128A1 (de) | 2003-01-16 |
US20050042140A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20040128 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT |
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AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI |
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RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: CARL ZEISS SMT AG |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SK TR |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: FIOLKA, DAMIAN |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20040430 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20060530 |