EP1399573A2 - Procede de rearrangement controle de fragments de chromosomes en vue de la selection de plantes - Google Patents

Procede de rearrangement controle de fragments de chromosomes en vue de la selection de plantes

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Publication number
EP1399573A2
EP1399573A2 EP02754783A EP02754783A EP1399573A2 EP 1399573 A2 EP1399573 A2 EP 1399573A2 EP 02754783 A EP02754783 A EP 02754783A EP 02754783 A EP02754783 A EP 02754783A EP 1399573 A2 EP1399573 A2 EP 1399573A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plant
donor
recipient
plants
species
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EP02754783A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Victor Klimyuk
Serik Eliby
Sylvestre Marillonnet
Newell Bascomb
Yuri Gleba
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Icon Genetics AG
Icon Genetics Inc
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Icon Genetics AG
Icon Genetics Inc
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Publication of EP1399573A2 publication Critical patent/EP1399573A2/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/102—Mutagenizing nucleic acids
    • C12N15/1027—Mutagenizing nucleic acids by DNA shuffling, e.g. RSR, STEP, RPR

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of generating plants containing recombined chromosomes and to a library of chromosomal fragments of a plant species with useful traits incorporated into the genome of a distantly related crop plant. Further, it relates to breeding material obtained or obtainable by the method of the invention.
  • Introgression of artificially introduced genes can theoretically be greatly improved and controlled by the use of recombination systems borrowed from microbial or yeast organisms (for review, see Gorman & Bullock, 2000, Curr Opin Biotechnoi., 11. 455-460).
  • introgression of useful genes from wild relatives is more difficult as those come as chromosome fragments and the ultimate solutions come either through costly gene identification and isolation (e.g. through positional cloning) or traditional, and very inefficient, recurrent backcrossing (see, e.g., Harlan & Pope, 1922, J. Heredity, 13:319-322).
  • Eubanks (US5750828) describes the process of transfer of useful traits from Tripsacum into maize using intermediate hybrid Tripsacum x Zea diploperennis (Tripsacorn) with better crossability to maize. This partially helps to overcome the difficulties in chromosomal fragment transfer generated by strong cross-incompatibility between maize and Tripsacum chromosomes, which can pair only occasionally (Magerie, M.P., 1961 , Evolution, 115:393-400; Magerie, M.P., 1963, Can. J. Genet. Cytol., 5:414-420; Galinat, W.C., 1974, Evolution, 27:644-605).
  • This invention provides a method for generating plants containing recombined chromosomes, said method comprising the following steps:
  • This invention allows the exchange of a chromosome fragment between a donor and a recipient plant in a much more controlled and efficient way compared to conventional plant breeding.
  • advantageous traits in wild species can be made available to crop plants without knowing the genetics or genome sequence of said wild species.
  • the donor and the recipient plants have to be endowed with a sequence that allows for site-specific recombination of nucleic acids carrying such sequences.
  • many transformants are produced of said donor plant in order to produce a set of transformants having site-specific recombination sites randomly integrated in many different locations and distributed over all chromosomes of said donor plant. This allows sampling of the whole genome and construction of a chromosome fragment library of said donor plant. The size of said library depends directly on the number of transformants of the donor plant, each having a site-specific recombination site at a different location in its genome.
  • acceptor lines For the recipient plant, a small number of acceptor lines may be sufficient for the method of the invention and for creating said library. This number is in most cases smaller than 10 and preferably only 2 to 3. However, even one may be sufficient.
  • a suitably transformed recipient line has its site-specific recombination site located such that recombination does not remove an essential or otherwise desired function. Suitability of the recipient line may be easily explored.
  • the nucleic acids used for transformation of said donor and recipient plants may contain one site-specific recombination site. Preferably, they contain two sites for site-specific recombination in different orientations in order to increase the chance of productive recombination. Preferably, site specific recombination can be induced.
  • either the nucleic acid for the transformation of the donor or that for the transformation of the recipient, or both may further contain a gene coding for a recombinase functional with said site-specific recombination site under the control of a promoter. Most preferably, the recombinase gene is deleted from the recipient due to the recombination event.
  • Said nucleic acids may further have a selectable marker for selecting transformants of said donor or said recipient plant.
  • step (d) means for selection of the recombination event are preferably provided (step (d)).
  • This may e.g be achieved by a selection marker gene on one of said nucleic acids for the transformation of said donor or said recipient plant. More preferably, said selection marker becomes active as a result of site-specific recombination e.g. by assembling a full expression cassette or a functional coding sequence of the marker gene.
  • the nucleic acid shown in Fig. 3 may be used for transforming the donor plant(s) and that shown in Fig. 7 may be used for transforming the recipient plant(s).
  • the BAR gene is placed under the control of a promoter upon recombination and the recombinase gene is removed from the recipient.
  • said nucleic acids having sequences that allow for site-specific recombination may comprise transposon element(s), whereby the transposon element(s) can be used for mapping resultant chromosome recombinants by insertional mutagenesis (e.g. transposon tagging, transposon mutagenesis).
  • said transposon element(s) are inactive, i.e. they lack a suitable transposase.
  • Transposition may then be activated by providing a transposase functional with said transposon. This may e.g. be accomplished by crossing the plant with another plant expressing the transposase.
  • the process of the invention may be applied to donor/recipient pairs that are closely or distantly related.
  • the donor and the recipient are selected such that progeny (cells) obtained upon crossing form unstable hybrids for allowing chromosomes of the donor to get preferentially lost.
  • the duration of coexistance of chromosomes of the donor and the recipient in the progeny produced should be sufficient for site-specific recombination. These criteria may be tested experimentally for (see further below).
  • the transformed donor and recipient plants may be crossed sexually or non-sexually, i.e. by somatic cell fusion.
  • Sexual crossing may be used if the donor and recipient plants are related sufficiently close for sexual crossing. This will generally be the case if they belong to the same taxonomic family, preferably to the same genus.
  • Crossing by somatic cell fusion allows the application of the method of the invention to donor and recipient plants which are too distantly related for sexual crossing or when chromosome mixing is unlikely. In this way, chromosome fragments may be exchanged between plants belonging to different families or to different classes.
  • hybrids of monocots and dicots may be created by somatic cell fusion. If desired, somatic cell fusion may of course also be used in the case of close relationship.
  • the conditions required for elimination of donor chromosomes in the progeny after somatic cell fusion are known in the art.
  • said progeny After crossing said donor and recipient plants to produce progeny, said progeny is maintained under conditions that allow for elimination of donor chromosomes to take place. This may happen by chromosome segregation (sorting out).
  • said progeny is unstable such that chromosomes of the donor are preferentially lost. The higher the unstability of the progeny, the faster unwanted chromosomes of the donor (chromosomes not endowed with said nucleic acid for site-specific recombination) get lost.
  • said elimination of donor chromosomes can be achieved in a small number of generations, most preferably in 1 or 2 generations. The duration of coexistance of chromosomes of the donor and the recipient in the progeny produced should be sufficient for site-specific recombination.
  • donor/recipient pairs include Tripsacum/ba ⁇ ey, Tripsacum/oat, Orychophragmus/a crucifer (canola or rape seed), Glycine tomentella/soybean, Solanum phreja/potato, maize/wheat, maize/barley, maize/oats, Pennisetum/wheat, Pennisetumlba ⁇ ey, Pennisetum/maize, Hordeum bulbosum/ba ⁇ ey, Hordeum bulbosum/wheat, Oryza minuta/ ce, Tripsacumlw eat, Nicotiana africana/Nicotiana tabacum.
  • said donor or said recipient plant may be soybean carrying a ms mutation causing polyembryony or one or both of said donor and recipient plants may be cotton carrying a Se semigamy mutation.
  • This invention further relates to a library of chromosomal fragments of one or more heterologous species incorporated into a genome of another species, preferably a crop species, obtained or obtainable by the method of this invention.
  • a library which may be in the form of seeds, allows to select a transchromosomic recipient plant having a desired trait from another species.
  • the library may contain any trait of the donor plant.
  • a transchromosomic recipient plant expressing a useful trait may then be selected from said library by observing a certain phenotype (e.g. by comparing protein expression profiles to the starting recipient plant, which may be done by 2-D gel electrophoresis in combination with mass spectroscopy) or by genetic analysis.
  • Members of said library may e.g. be used in functional genomics studies and as a starting breeding material.
  • the invention also comprises plants, plant material, and breeding material of crop species, obtained or obtainable by the method of the invention or products derived therefrom.
  • Fig. 1 shows a general principle of shuffling the chromosomal fragments between donor and acceptor plant species; the star indicates a transposon.
  • the recipient plant and the result of the first crossing contain an inactive transposon which becomes active upon crossing with a plant functioning as a transposase source providing a transposase.
  • Fig.2 is a linear plasmid map of plC1600
  • Fig. 3 is a linear plasmid map of plC3714
  • Fig. 4 is a linear plasmid map of plC529
  • Fig. 5 is a linear plasmid map of plC1251 ;
  • Fig. 6 is a linear plasmid map of pIC1262
  • Fig. 7 is a linear plasmid map of pIC4041.
  • the approach described in this invention relies on use of a combination of several technologies that have been used previously, but for different purposes.
  • This approach represents a novel way of constructing a full wild-species genome library of chromosome fragments in the genome of a crop-species recipient.
  • the general principle of the approach is shown in Fig. 1.
  • a number of transformants of the donor is preferably generated having insertions of recombination sites evenly distributed among all chromosomes.
  • the acceptor (recipient) plant requires the generation of a smaller number of insertions of recombination sites.
  • the transgenic recipient plants are preferably tested on the tolerance of a deletion of a distal part of a recipient chromosome following substitution with a random heterologous chromosomal fragment. Theoretically, 2-3 tested acceptor lines may be sufficient for creating a library.
  • the second step includes performing crosses between the donor and acceptor plant species and preferably selecting for the progeny of the acceptor plant carrying a chromosome fragment of the donor plant. Finally, a more detailed identification and isolation may be accomplished by gene tagging in a line with a specific chromosome fragment.
  • This invention deals preferably with wheat as a crop species of interest and maize and pearl millet as donors of useful trait(s).
  • this approach can target the introgression of useful traits (apomixis, pathogen resistance, etc) into wheat germplasm.
  • useful traits apomixis, pathogen resistance, etc
  • the approach of this invention may be applied to any crop species of interest which can form unstable hybrids with the donor plant carrying useful traits (Tripsa cum/maize; Orychophragmus/Brassica, Glycine tomentellalsoybean, Solanum phureja/Solanum tuberosum, etc.).
  • the donor/recipient pairs are preferably chosen so as to provide an adequate duration of the hybrid state in cells of a primary hybrid or of its progeny. While complete elimination is a desired end state, the relative duration of the coexistence of chromosomes of both species in the same cell is important as it provides sufficient time for the exchange of chromosomal fragments between the donor and acceptor plant species.
  • the present invention is preferably directed to a method for introducing genetic material as chromosomal fragments into plants, comprising: preparing a donor plant transformed with a heterologous nucleic acid having sequence(s) recognized by a site-specific recombinase and a promoterless selectable marker that allows recombination between alien chromosomes carrying such sequences and selection for recombination events; preparing a recipient plant transformed with a heterologous nucleic acid having sequence(s) recognized by a site-specific recombinase and the gene encoding for such recombinase under the control of an inducible, tissue-specific or constitutive promoter; crossing the recipient plant and the donor plant, wherein the donor and recipient plants, upon crossing, produce unstable progeny or demonstrate preferential segregation or sorting out; and selecting progeny of the recipient plant, which contain a chromosomal fragment of the donor in the genome.
  • the methods of the present invention provide for chromosome fragment manipulation in
  • the orientation of recombination sites in the donor and acceptor plants toward the centromeres preferably coincide in order to provide successful recombination events. If the recombination sites are differently oriented, the recombination events will lead to the formation of dicentric chromosomes which are unstable.
  • the constructs for transforming the donor e.g. plC3714, Fig. 3
  • one of the constructs for acceptor e.g. plC4041, Fig.7 plant species preferably have recombination sites in both orientations. Recombination events between the plant chromosomes carrying such constructs always have a good chance to produce a recombinant chromosome without the recombinase, but with a selectable marker being placed under the control of promoter.
  • the recombination of chromosomal fragments is caused by the use of a recombinase under the control of, for example, either the rice actin or wheat histone H4 promoter.
  • a recombinase under the control of, for example, either the rice actin or wheat histone H4 promoter.
  • two different promoters may be used simultaneously to drive the expression of the recombinase gene (see Fig. 7), thus increasing the probability of recombination events during the short period of coexistence of alien genomes.
  • Site-specific recombinases from bacteriophage and yeasts are widely used as tools for manipulating DNA both in the test-tube and in living organisms.
  • Preferred recombinases/recombination site combinations for use in the present invention are Cre- o , FLP-FRT, and R-RS, where Cre, FLP and R are recombinases, and Lox, FRT, and RS are the recombination sites.
  • Other suitable systems include the intron-encoded yeast endonuclease l-Scel, see Choulika, et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 75:1968-1973 (1995).
  • these sites require 7-8 base pairs (bp) of core sequence between 12-13 bp inverted repeats; the asymmetric core site determines the site orientation, and thus the types of recombination product.
  • the corresponding recombinase can catalyze the reciprocal exchange to produce a deletion, inversion, translocation or co-integration event. See, Bollag, et al., Ann. Rev. Genet. 23:199-225 (1989); Kilby, et a/. Trends Genet. 9:413-421 (1993); and Ow, Curr.
  • recombinase-mediated site-specific translocation occurs between different, and in particular non-homologous chromosomes. This in trans recombinase effect is essential in order to effect transfer of chromosomal fragments between two chromosomes belonging to different parents in a hybrid. See, Koshinsky et al., 2000, Plant J., 23:715-722.
  • homologous recombination systems for the use in the present invention are disclosed in the literature and include inter alia the Cre- ox system (Sauer, U.S. Patent 4,959,317, Odell, et al., U.S. Patent 5,658,772; Odell, et al., PCTWO91/09957) and the FLP-FRT system (Hodges and Lyznik, U.S. Patent 5,527,695).
  • Cre- ox system Sauer, U.S. Patent 4,959,317, Odell, et al., U.S. Patent 5,658,772; Odell, et al., PCTWO91/0995
  • FLP-FRT system Hodges and Lyznik, U.S. Patent 5,527,695
  • One particular utility of known recombination systems for transgene management in plants is directed excision of a transgene from a plant genome, a procedure that allows elimination of unwanted heterologous genetic material such as antibiotic selective
  • Homologous recombination-based chromosomal fragment shuffling has both clear and strong advantages. By employing precise targeting via homology-addressed DNA sites, chromosomal fragment "landing sites" can be created that are carefully selected and characterized in advance. As a result, a higher level of predictability and reproducibility of heterologous chromosomal fragment behavior, including heritability, can be achieved.
  • a transposable element can be used in one of the constructs, so that it will be incorporated into the recombinant chromosome for the purposes of insertional mutagenesis in a heterologous chromosomal region.
  • the tendency of transposable elements to transpose to closely linked sites is a well established phenomenon (Jones et al., 1990, Plant Cell, 8:701-707; Osborne et al., 1991 , Genetics, 129:833-844; Carroll et al., 1995, Genetics, 139:407-420). This can be a useful tool for the identification and isolation of useful genes from a heterologous chromosomal region.
  • the transposable element is non-autonomous requiring a source of a transposase for its transposition.
  • a transposase may be provided in trans when necessary by crossing with a plant carrying a stabilized transposase gene (see Fig. 1).
  • Plant transposons are among the first mobile DNA elements described and a number of plant transposable elements that have been cloned, such as Ac/Ds, Mu and En/Spm, may be used in the present invention. These transposable elements are currently used as genetic tools in plant molecular biology and biotechnology. They serve as invaluable tools for plant developmental studies, for plant genome analysis and plant gene isolation by so-called insertional mutagenesis and tagging. See, e.g., Walbot, Ann. Rev.
  • transposable elements which may be used in this invention are described in Fedoroff, U.S. Patent 4,732,856; Doonerk ef a/., PCT Application WO91/156074; etc.), Yoder and Lassner, PCT Application WO92/01370, and Ebinuma et al., PCT Application WO96/15252.
  • the heterologous DNA may be introduced into the donor and acceptor plants in accordance with standard techniques. Transformation techniques for dicotyledons are well known in the art and include Agrobacterium-based techniques and techniques which do not require Agrobacterium. Non-Agrobacterium techniques involve the uptake of exogenous genetic material directly by protoplasts or cells. These techniques include PEG or electroporation mediated uptake, particle bombardment-mediated delivery and microinjection. Examples of these techniques are described in Paszkowski et al., EMBO J 3:2717-2722 (1984), Potrykus et al., Mol. Gen. Genet.
  • y4gro/3acter/i/m-mediated transformation is a preferred technique for the transformation of dicotyledons because of its high transformation efficiency and its broad utility with many different species.
  • the many crop species which are routinely transformable by Agrobacterium include tobacco, tomato, sunflower, cotton, oilseed rape, potato, soybean, alfalfa and poplar (EP 0 317 511 (cotton), EP 0 249 432 (tomato), WO 87/07299 ⁇ Brassica), U.S.
  • Patent 4,795,855 (poplar)
  • Agrobacterium transformation typically involves the transfer of the binary vector carrying the foreign DNA of interest (e.g,. pC!B200 or pCIB2001) to an appropriate Agrobacterium strain which may depend on the complement of wr genes carried by the host Agrobacterium strain either on a co-resident plasmid or chromosomally (e.g., strain CIB542 for pCIB200 (Uknes et al., Plant Cell 5:159-169 (1993)).
  • the transfer of the recombinant binary vector, to Agrobacterium is accomplished by a triparental mating procedure using E. coli carrying the recombinant binary vector, a helper E.
  • the recombinant binary vector is transferred to Agrobacterium by DNA transformation (Hofgen & Willmitzer, Nucl. Acids Res. 16, 9877 (1988)).
  • Transformation of the target plant species by recombinant Agrobacterium usually involves co-cultivation of the Agrobacterium with explants from the plant following protocols known in the art. Transformed tissue carrying an antibiotic or herbicide resistance marker present between the binary plasmid T-DNA borders is regenerated on selectable medium.
  • Preferred transformation techniques for monocots include direct gene transfer into protoplasts using PEG or electroporation techniques and particle bombardment into callus tissue. Transformation can be undertaken with a single DNA species or multiple DNA species (i.e. co-transformation) and both these techniques are suitable for use with this invention.
  • Co- transformation may have the advantage of avoiding complex vector construction and of generating transgenic plants with unlinked loci for the gene of interest and the selectable marker, enabling the removal of the selectable marker in subsequent generations, should this be regarded desirable.
  • a disadvantage of the use of co-transformation is the less than 100% frequency with which separate DNA species are integrated into the genome (Schocher et al., Biotechnology 4:1093-1096 (1986)).
  • EP O 292 435, EP O 392 225 and WO 93/07278 describe techniques for the preparation of callus and protoplasts of maize, transformation of protoplasts using PEG or electroporation, and the regeneration of maize plants from transformed protoplasts.
  • Gordon-Kamm, et al., Plant Cell 2:603-618 (1990), and Fromm, et al., Biotechnology 77:194-200 (1993), describe techniques for the transformation of elite inbred lines of maize by particle bombardment.
  • Transformation of rice can also be undertaken by direct gene transfer techniques utilizing protoplasts or particle bombardment.
  • Protoplast-mediated transformation has been described for Japonica-types and Indica-types (Zhange, et al., Plant Cell Rep. 7:739-384 (1988); Shimamoto, et al., Nature 338:274-277 (1989); Datta, et al., Biotechnology 8:736-740 (1990)). Both types are also routinely transformable using particle bombardment (Christou, et al., Biotechnology 9:957-962 (1991)).
  • Patent Application EP 0 332 581 describes techniques for the generation, transformation and regeneration of Pooideae protoplasts. Furthermore, wheat transformation is described in Vasil, et al., Biotechnology 70:667-674 (1992) using particle bombardment into cells of type C long-term regenerable callus, Vasil, et al., Biotechnology 77:1553-1558 (1993) and Weeks, et al,. Plant Physiol. 702:1077-1084 (1993) describe particle bombardment of immature embryos and immature embryo-derived callus.
  • Transformation of monocot cells such as Zea mays is achieved by bringing the monocot cells into contact with a multiplicity of needle-like bodies on which these cells may be impaled, causing a rupture in the cell wall thereby allowing entry of transforming DNA into the cells (ee U.S. Patent 5,302,523). Transformation techniques applicable to both monocots and dicots are also disclosed in the following U.S.
  • Patents 5,240,855 (particle gun); 5,204,253 (cold gas shock accelerated microprojectiles); 5,179,022 (biolistic apparatus); 4,743,548 and 5,1 14,854 (microinjection); and 5,149,655 5,120,657 (accelerated particle mediated transformation); 5,066,587 (gas driven microprojectile accelerator); 5,015,580 (particle- mediated transformation of soy bean plants); 5,013,660 (laser beam-mediated transformation); 4,849,355 and 4,663,292.
  • Plant cells or plant tissue transformed by one of the methods described above are then grown into full plants in accordance with standard techniques.
  • Transgenic seeds can be obtained from transgenic flowering plants in accordance with standard techniques.
  • non-flowering plants such as potato and sugar beets can be propagated by a variety of known procedures. See, e.g., Newell et al. Plant Cell Rep. 70:30-34 (1991) (disclosing potato transformation by stem culture).
  • the vectors were constructed using standard molecular biology techniques (Maniatis et al., 1982, Molecular cloning: a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York).
  • Plasmid pIC1600 ( Figure 2) was generated by simple replacement of small Hindlll- BamHI fragment of pIC1551 (Appendix 1) with the HindIII-BamH1 fragment containing the maize ubiquitin promoter.
  • Vector pIC3714 ( Figure 3) was created as follows.
  • the plasmid plC607 (Appendix 2) was digested with Xho1 and Nco1 , blunt-ended by treatment with Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, and the gel purified large fragment was self-ligated yielding the plasmid pIC3709 (Appendix 3).
  • the large Xba1 - Hpa1 fragment of plC3709 was ligated with small Xba1 - Xho1/Klenow fragment of plC607 producing plC3714.
  • Plasmid plC529 ( Figure 4) was created by replacing 35S promoter of plC08 (Hindi II- Xbal/Klenow fragment) with Hindlll-Xhol fragment of plC09 containing wheat histone H4 promoter (Tabata et al., 1984, Gene, 31 :285-289 ).
  • Plasmid pIC1251 ( Figure 5) was made by ligation of the large Hindlll/Klenow-Kpn1 fragment of plC529 with 1.3 Kb Xhol/Klenow-Kpnl fragment of plC044 (Appendix 4), replacing the wheat histone H4 promoter with the rice actin one (McElroy et al., 1990, Plant Cell, 2:163- 171).
  • Plasmid plC4041 ( Figure 7) was made by co-ligation of 2.6kb Hindlll-Sal1 fragment of plC529, 3.2 KbPvull-Sal1 fragment of plC1251 and gel-purifiedvector pBS(KS+), treated with Hindlll and EcI136ll.
  • Immature seeds of wheat cvs. Chinese Spring and Bobwhite, millet lines PEN3 and HGM100 and maize Hi II were surface-sterilized by immersing into 70% ethanol for 2 min, followed by incubation in 1 % Sodium Hypochlorite solution with shaking at 125 rpm for 20 min and finally by 5 washes in sterile distilled water.
  • Immature embryos (1.0-1.5 mm in length, semitransparent) were isolated aseptically and were placed, with a scutellum side up, on an appropriate culture medium solidified by 0.25% phytagel. Embryos developing compact nodular calli were selected using stereomicroscope and used for bombardment 5-
  • the plasmid constructs plC1251 , plC1600, plC529, plC3714 and plC4041 were purified using Qiagen kits.
  • Microprojectile bombardment was performed utilizing the Biolistic PDS-1000/He Particle Delivery System (Bio-Rad). Immature embryos were pretreated for 4 hours on MS2 medium - supplemented by 0.2M of mannitol and 0.2M of sorbitol. Embryos (50/pIate) placed in the center of the plate to form a circle with a diameter of 10 mm were bombarded at 1100 psi, with the 15 mm distance from a macrocarrier launch point to the stopping screen and 60 mm distance from the stopping screen to a target tissue. The distance between rupture disk and launch point of the macrocarrier was 12 mm. The calli were transferred to MS2 medium 16 hours after treatment and grown in dark for one week.
  • Bio-Rad Biolistic PDS-1000/He Particle Delivery System
  • Leaf samples were homogenized in Eppendorf tubes with a sand powder in 0.3-5.0 ml of hot (55°C) 2x CTAB solution. Equal volume of the CTAB solution and 0.6-10.0 ml of Chloroform- Isoamyl alcohol mixture (24:1 v/v) were added to the extracts. The tubes were incubated on a shaker (Mild Mixer PR-12, TAITEC) at a speed 5 at room temperature for 15-30 min. Phases were separated by centrifugation (3600-15 000 rpm, 20°C, 5 min) and the supernatants were carefully transferred into new tubes with 0.6-10.0 ml isopropanol.
  • TAITEC Chloroform- Isoamyl alcohol mixture
  • DNA pellets (12 000-15 000 rpm, 20°C, 20 min) were washed by 70% ethanol, resuspended in 0.3-1.0 ml TE and RNAse treated for 30 min. After two sequential chloroform extractions DNA samples were pelleted by adding 0.1-0.33 ml of 10 M NH 4 Ac and 0.3-1.0 ml of isopropanol (15 000 rpm, 20°C, 20 min). Pellets were washed by 70% and 99.5% ethanol and redissolved in 20-500 ⁇ l of 0.1 TE.
  • bar primers 5'-ACCATCGTCAACCACTACATCGAG, ⁇ '-AGGCTGAAGTCCAGCTGCCAGA
  • hpt primers 5'-AGACCTGCCTGAAACCGAACTGC, 5'-CACGGCCTCCAGAAGAAGATGTTG
  • the wheat lines carrying chromosomal fragments of maize transferred through site- specific recombination were selected as described in example 2.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de constitution d'une bibliothèque de génomes de fragments de chromosomes d'espèces sauvages incorporés à un génome de plante de culture comportant les étapes suivantes: (1) élaboration de transformants des donneurs et receveurs d'espèces végétales porteurs des gènes hybrides nécessaires à l'échange de fragments de chromosomes médiés par un recombinaison spécifique au niveau du site, le donneur et le receveur étant choisis pour donner une descendance par croisement sexuel ou fusion cellulaire somatique, ou présenter une ségrégation préférentielle, ou être obtenus par triage; (2) induction du croisement des espèces donneuses et receveuses et formation de chromosomes de recombinaison des espèces donneuses et receveuses; et (3) mettant à profit l'instabilité des hybrides entre donneurs et receveurs, sélection de cellules et de plantes de recombinaison du receveur contenant des fragments spécifiques de chromosomes de l'espèce donneuse. L'invention porte également sur des plantes transgéniques, sur des bibliothèques, et sur du matériel de sélection obtenus par lesdits procédés.
EP02754783A 2001-06-29 2002-06-27 Procede de rearrangement controle de fragments de chromosomes en vue de la selection de plantes Withdrawn EP1399573A2 (fr)

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DE10049587A1 (de) 2000-10-06 2002-05-02 Icon Genetics Ag Vektorsystem für Pflanzen
DE10061150A1 (de) 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 Icon Genetics Ag Verfahren und Vektoren zur Erzeugung von transgenen Pflanzen
DE10102389A1 (de) 2001-01-19 2002-08-01 Icon Genetics Ag Verfahren und Vektoren zur Plastidentransformation höherer Pflanzen
DE10114209A1 (de) 2001-03-23 2002-12-05 Icon Genetics Ag Ortsgerichtete Transformation durch Verwendung von Amplifikationsvektoren
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DE10121283B4 (de) 2001-04-30 2011-08-11 Icon Genetics GmbH, 80333 Verfahren und Vektoren zur Amplifikation oder Expression von gewünschten Nucleinsäuresequenzen in Pflanzen
DE10132780A1 (de) 2001-07-06 2003-01-16 Icon Genetics Ag Plastidäre Genexpression über autonom replizierende Vektoren
DE10143237A1 (de) 2001-09-04 2003-03-20 Icon Genetics Ag Herstellung künstlicher interner ribosomaler Eingangsstellenelemente (Ires-Elemente)
DE10143238A1 (de) 2001-09-04 2003-03-20 Icon Genetics Ag Identifizierung eukaryotischer interner Ribosomen-Eingangsstellen (IRES)-Elemente
CN103621405B (zh) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-13 江苏大学 一种诸葛菜人工种子制作方法
CN111387002B (zh) * 2020-04-27 2022-01-11 孔锋 一种树苗根部上浆设备

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