EP1382379B1 - Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Nachlaufströmung eines Wirbelgenerators - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Nachlaufströmung eines Wirbelgenerators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1382379B1
EP1382379B1 EP03405505A EP03405505A EP1382379B1 EP 1382379 B1 EP1382379 B1 EP 1382379B1 EP 03405505 A EP03405505 A EP 03405505A EP 03405505 A EP03405505 A EP 03405505A EP 1382379 B1 EP1382379 B1 EP 1382379B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
vortex
vortex generator
wake
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03405505A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1382379A2 (de
EP1382379A3 (de
Inventor
Peter Dr. Flohr
Ephraim Prof. Dr. Gutmark
Bettina Paikert
Christian Oliver Prof. Dr. Paschereit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Vernova GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1382379A2 publication Critical patent/EP1382379A2/de
Publication of EP1382379A3 publication Critical patent/EP1382379A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1382379B1 publication Critical patent/EP1382379B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4317—Profiled elements, e.g. profiled blades, bars, pillars, columns or chevrons
    • B01F25/43171—Profiled blades, wings, wedges, i.e. plate-like element having one side or part thicker than the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431971—Mounted on the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0436—Operational information
    • B01F2215/044—Numerical composition values of components or mixtures, e.g. percentage of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05B2260/222—Improvement of heat transfer by creating turbulence

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vortex generator in a fluid channel acted upon by a fluid medium and to a method for controlling the wake flow of such a vortex generator.
  • a particular field of application of the invention is the turbulence and mixing of fuel / air mixtures in premix burners.
  • Static mixers for shortening the mixing section of flowing fluid media are known in a variety of designs.
  • a design of such mixers, which permits intensive mixing of flowing fluid media with comparatively low pressure loss, is the subject of EP 0 623 786 or of CH-A-688 868.
  • the static mixers discussed in these documents, hereinafter called vortex generators represent tetrahedron-like bodies which on at least one lateral surface of one of the fluid medium acted upon flow channel are arranged. They comprise three freely flowing, in the flow direction extending active surfaces, a pointing into the flow channel roof surface and two side surfaces. The side surfaces connected to the wall of the flow channel enclose with one another a sweep angle ⁇ , whereas the roof surface extends at an angle of incidence ⁇ to the channel wall.
  • Size and strength of the trailing vortices are functions of the element height h, the element length l, the angle of attack ⁇ and the arrow angle ⁇ . By varying these parameters, this provides a simple means of aerodynamically stabilizing a flow at hand. At relatively large angles of incidence ⁇ and / or arrow angles ⁇ , the vorticity of the trailing vortices increases to such an extent that an area of low flow velocity is formed in the core of which, under varying flow conditions, entails the risk of a collapse of the vortex to form a backflow ,
  • the design of the vortex generators is therefore always a compromise, on the one hand to form the vortex so that in the shortest possible maximum mixing of the components involved, but on the other hand turn the vortex not so strong form that in the core area of low flow velocity or even a return flow. Since the incorporation of these vortex generators into the flow path is an instrumental measure, once installed, these are invariable. This means that an active influence on permanently or temporarily changed flow conditions is not readily possible. Especially when using these vortex generators in modern gas turbine plants for mixing and turbulence of a fuel / air mixture, this behavior can have negative effects on the flame stability and lead to an undesirable shift in the flame position.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and safely exclude the formation of a sudströmzone in the core of the wake, even under changing flow conditions in the flow channel and expand the scope and variability of these vortex generators. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for controlling the wake flow of such vortex generators.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to increase the axial velocity in the vortex core by deliberately introducing an axial impulse into the core flow of the wake vortex.
  • this axial pulse is introduced by introducing an at least approximately aligned in the flow direction secondary flow in the immediate region of the core flow.
  • one of the components to be mixed is introduced as secondary flow into the flow channel. It has proved to be advantageous in this case to introduce the secondary flow via outlet openings on the vortex generator into the core flow of the wake vortex.
  • the outlet openings of the secondary medium in the region of the side surfaces of the vortex generator or at the downstream edge are arranged.
  • the outlet opening is arranged in half chord length of the side surface below the trailing edge.
  • the secondary flow can be introduced from a single opening on the vortex generator in the core flow or from a number of outlet openings, which are aligned with the vortex core.
  • the cooling bores arranged at or near the vortex generators in a targeted manner for introducing an additional axial momentum. This can be achieved be such that a part of the cooling holes is modified so that an increased axial momentum is introduced into the core flow of the trailing vortices.
  • the outlet openings are configured according to their geometry, for example with regard to their orientation and / or their throughput.
  • the inventive measures are readily suitable as a retrofit measure for retrofitting already installed vortex generators according to the prior art by introducing appropriate outlet openings and means are provided for supplying a secondary fluid in the hollow interior of the vortex generators.
  • Vortex generators which are already equipped for cooling or admixing purposes with means for supplying a secondary fluid and with outlet openings, can be retrofitted by a modified design of the geometry of the outlet openings (Fig.4b, 5b).
  • the invention allows to react actively to temporarily or permanently changed flow conditions.
  • the mass flow of the secondary flow is very low. It is in the range between 0.1% and 5%, in particular between 0.5% and 1.5%, based on the total mass flow.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show in principle the mode of operation of a vortex generator (2) acted upon by a flow (1) according to the prior art.
  • a vortex generator (2) has three freely flowing, in the flow direction surfaces, two side surfaces (3) and (4) and perpendicular to a roof surface (5), wherein the side surfaces (3) and (4) has a right triangle and the roof surface (5) form an isosceles triangle.
  • the side surfaces (3) and (4) are substantially perpendicular to the channel wall (6), without this being a mandatory requirement, and are preferably fixed gas-tight with one of its sides Kathetencount to the channel wall (6).
  • the symmetry axis of the vortex generators (2) is aligned parallel to the flow direction.
  • the vortex generator (2) may also be provided with a bottom surface by means of which it is fixed in a suitable manner to the channel wall (6).
  • a floor surface is not related to the operation of the vortex generator.
  • the operation of the vortex generator (2) is substantially as set forth below.
  • a channel flow (1) flows to the vortex generator (2) and is deflected by the roof surface (5). Due to the sudden cross-sectional widening when overflowing the trailing edges (9) and (10) forms a pair of counter-rotating trailing vortices (11) whose axes are in the axis of the main flow.
  • Vorticity and swirl number are significantly determined by the angle of attack ⁇ and the arrow angle ⁇ . With increasing angles, the vorticity and swirl number are increased and in the core of the trailing vortices an area of lower axial velocity forms immediately behind the vortex generator (2) (dark areas in Figure 2), which can lead to a "vortex breakdown".
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in a highly schematic way the basic principle of the solution described.
  • an axial pulse for influencing the core flow is introduced into the trailing vortex (11).
  • an additional pulse is generated by a secondary flow (13) in the vicinity of the vortex core, which is drawn by the inductive effect of the swirl flow in the region of the vortex core.
  • the vortex (11) stabilizes and the wake flow is accelerated.
  • the vortex breakdown slows down and shifts downstream.
  • the vortex generator (2) is equipped with at least one outlet opening (12) for a fluid medium in the area of the side face (3).
  • the outlet opening (12) is arranged and aligned, for example at half chord length below the outflow edge (9), so that the exiting fluid jet (13) penetrates into the core flow of the wake vortex (11) and reinforces the axial velocity in this area.
  • the location of vortex breakdown is shifted downstream.
  • FIG 5 an alternative possibility for introducing a secondary flow is shown schematically. Thereafter, the at least one outlet opening (12) for introducing the secondary flow in the region of the downstream butt edge (7) of the vortex generator (2) is arranged. This may be a circular outlet opening (12) at half the height of the vortex generator (2), a number of such Openings in this area or a slot-shaped outlet opening (12).
  • FIG. 7 shows that, despite acceleration of the vortex core, the vortex strength is not weakened.
  • the mass-average vorticity strength downstream of the vortex generator actually increases by up to 50%.
  • the Varinate A represents the reference case of a vortex generator, which is set so strong that forms an area of low flow velocity in the wake.
  • Variations B and C represent the conditions in a vortex generator according to the invention, in which a secondary current in half chord length of a side surface (variant B) or at the downstream butt edge (variant C) is applied.
  • the vortex generators (2) shown here symmetrically and parallel to the flow direction.
  • This spin-like vortex (11) are generated.
  • the vortex generator (2) instead of a pair of opposing vortices (11), only one trailing vortex is used (11) generated on the swept side. As a result, the main flow (1) is forced to spin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
EP03405505A 2002-07-20 2003-07-07 Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Nachlaufströmung eines Wirbelgenerators Expired - Lifetime EP1382379B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10233111 2002-07-20
DE10233111 2002-07-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1382379A2 EP1382379A2 (de) 2004-01-21
EP1382379A3 EP1382379A3 (de) 2004-05-12
EP1382379B1 true EP1382379B1 (de) 2007-05-30

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EP03405505A Expired - Lifetime EP1382379B1 (de) 2002-07-20 2003-07-07 Verfahren zur Kontrolle der Nachlaufströmung eines Wirbelgenerators

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20040037162A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP1382379B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP2004069061A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE10330023A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US8186942B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-05-29 United Technologies Corporation Nacelle assembly with turbulators
US8192147B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-06-05 United Technologies Corporation Nacelle assembly having inlet bleed
US8282037B2 (en) 2007-11-13 2012-10-09 United Technologies Corporation Nacelle flow assembly

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JP6377569B2 (ja) * 2015-04-28 2018-08-22 住友金属鉱山株式会社 流体吹込装置及びこれを用いた化学反応装置
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CN108121864B (zh) * 2017-12-15 2021-05-25 北京理工大学 一种基于涡流发生器的端壁横向二次流控制方法
CN108536907B (zh) * 2018-03-01 2021-11-30 华北电力大学 一种基于简化动量定理的风电机组远场尾流解析建模方法
CN108629461B (zh) * 2018-05-14 2021-11-12 华北电力大学 一种基于简化动量定理的近场尾流预测模型
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US8282037B2 (en) 2007-11-13 2012-10-09 United Technologies Corporation Nacelle flow assembly
US8596573B2 (en) 2007-11-13 2013-12-03 United Technologies Corporation Nacelle flow assembly
US9004399B2 (en) 2007-11-13 2015-04-14 United Technologies Corporation Nacelle flow assembly
US8186942B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-05-29 United Technologies Corporation Nacelle assembly with turbulators
US8192147B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-06-05 United Technologies Corporation Nacelle assembly having inlet bleed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50307355D1 (de) 2007-07-12
DE10330023A1 (de) 2004-02-05
JP2004069061A (ja) 2004-03-04
EP1382379A2 (de) 2004-01-21
EP1382379A3 (de) 2004-05-12
US20040037162A1 (en) 2004-02-26

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