EP1379615B1 - Hydraulische flüssigkeiten mit verbessertem korrosionsschutz - Google Patents
Hydraulische flüssigkeiten mit verbessertem korrosionsschutz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1379615B1 EP1379615B1 EP02759789A EP02759789A EP1379615B1 EP 1379615 B1 EP1379615 B1 EP 1379615B1 EP 02759789 A EP02759789 A EP 02759789A EP 02759789 A EP02759789 A EP 02759789A EP 1379615 B1 EP1379615 B1 EP 1379615B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- motor vehicles
- triazole
- tolutriazole
- brake fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical class C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RMFWVOLULURGJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-7h-purine Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=C2NC=NC2=N1 RMFWVOLULURGJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VQNDBXJTIJKJPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=NNN=C21 VQNDBXJTIJKJPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Chloro-1H-purine Chemical compound ClC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GOILPRCCOREWQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-7h-purine Chemical compound COC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GOILPRCCOREWQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FAIXYKHYOGVFKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Kinetin Natural products N=1C=NC=2N=CNC=2C=1N(C)C1=CC=CO1 FAIXYKHYOGVFKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QANMHLXAZMSUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N kinetin Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2N=CNC=2C=1NCC1=CC=CO1 QANMHLXAZMSUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001669 kinetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102100024737 Deoxynucleotidyltransferase terminal-interacting protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101000626071 Homo sapiens Deoxynucleotidyltransferase terminal-interacting protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCO COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNYRFEPBTVGZDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5S,6S-epoxy-15R-hydroxy-ETE Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCO ZNYRFEPBTVGZDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl undecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJMRCNBBTPROCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-[2-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OCCOCCOC(C)(C)C RJMRCNBBTPROCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZETIVVHRRQLWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 ZETIVVHRRQLWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical class C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZDVMKLYUKZMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCN DZDVMKLYUKZMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylphosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(=O)OC KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OOSPDKSZPPFOBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)O OOSPDKSZPPFOBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZPMZMCZAGFKOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(O)(=O)OC(C)C WZPMZMCZAGFKOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CZHYKKAKFWLGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP([O-])OC CZHYKKAKFWLGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(O)=O ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPPQHRDVPBTVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(O)(O)=O QPPQHRDVPBTVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940083251 peripheral vasodilators purine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003007 phosphonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/78—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
- C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
Definitions
- Brake fluids for motor vehicles are subject to very high requirements in terms of their chemical and physical properties. According to the existing standards and specifications for brake fluids from the US Department of Transportation in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard FMVSS No. 116 and the standard SAE J 1704 issued by the Society of Automotive Engineers, modern brake fluids should on the one hand have high dry boiling points (reflux boiling points, dry [Equilibrium reflux boiling point, "ERBP”]) and high wet boiling points (reflux boiling points, moist ["wet ERBP”]) have, on the other hand, also have a viscosity that changes only little within a wide temperature range.
- ERBP Equilibrium reflux boiling point
- 1H-1,2,3-triazoles such as 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole or 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole as corrosion inhibitors in hydraulic fluids or brake fluids has long been known, for example from EP-A 028 789 (1) and EP-A 454 110 (2).
- hydraulic fluids are recommended that contain a combination of 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole or its derivatives such as 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazuol and 1H-1,2,4-triazole or whose Contain derivatives in a weight ratio of 1: 4 to 4: 1 as a corrosion inhibitor system.
- hydraulic fluids are also given in Tables 1 to 4 of (3) which contain 1H-1,2,4-triazole alone in concentrations of 0.15% by weight; however, their corrosion-preventing effect is only acceptable with copper.
- the brake fluids for motor vehicles known in the prior art are, however, still in need of improvement with regard to their properties and in particular with regard to corrosion protection.
- the object was therefore to provide hydraulic fluids which in particular meet the above-mentioned requirements for improved corrosion protection in metals and non-ferrous metals.
- the brake fluids according to the invention for motor vehicles preferably contain 0.005 to 0.10% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 0.08% by weight, in particular 0.005 to 0.06% by weight, of component (a).
- the brake fluids according to the invention for motor vehicles contain component (a) as the sole corrosion inhibitor based on triazoles.
- component (a) as the sole corrosion inhibitor based on triazoles.
- triazoles such as 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole or hydrogenated 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole are excluded here, and inorganic and / or organic corrosion inhibitors of a different structure can be excluded however, be present.
- the brake fluids according to the invention for motor vehicles contain up to 10% by weight, in particular up to 5% by weight, of one or more further corrosion inhibitors (b), with 1H-1,2,3 -Benzotriazole and / or 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole and / or their derivatives, the weight ratio of 1H-1,2,4-triazole to the 1H-1,2,3-triazoles mentioned is greater than 4: 1 must be.
- b further corrosion inhibitors
- Further corrosion inhibitors (b) are especially alkali metal salts of phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid, fatty acids such as caprylic, lauric, palmitic, stearic or oleic acid and their alkali metal salts, esters of phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid such as ethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, isopropyl phosphate, Diisopropyl phosphate, butyl phosphite or dimethyl phosphite, optionally ethoxylated mono- and dialkylamines and their salts with mineral and fatty acids, e.g.
- ethoxylated alkanolamines e.g. mono-, di- or triethanolamine, N, N'- Di-n-butylaminoethanol or 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol, cyclohexylamine, benzimidazole and hydrogenated tolutriazole and also nitroaromatics
- the cited corrosion inhibitors (b) are preferably present in amounts of 0.001 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.001 to 5% by weight, in the hydraulic fluids according to the invention, in particular brake fluids for motor vehicles.
- the brake fluids according to the invention for motor vehicles contain, in addition to 1H-1,2,4-triazole (a), as additional corrosion inhibitors (b) 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, one or more compounds from the group benzimidazole, hydrogenated 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole, purine, adenine, 6-chloropurine, 2,6-dichloropurine, 6-methoxypurine, 1H-1,2,3-triazolo (4, 5B) pyridine, 6-histaminopurine and 6-furfurylaminopurine and optionally further corrosion inhibitors other than (a).
- the purine derivatives mentioned are described as non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitors for hydraulic fluids or brake fluids in German patent application Az. P 100 26 010.1.
- the present invention relates to brake fluids for motor vehicles which contain the stated components (a) and optionally (b) as corrosion inhibitors.
- the brake fluids according to the invention for motor vehicles contain, in addition to components (a) and optionally (b), also 0.1 to 97% by weight, in particular 30 to 97% by weight, especially 50 to 97% by weight , one or more polyglycol ethers and / or their boric acid esters.
- Suitable polyglycol ethers are above all ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers with up to 6 ethylene oxide units and with up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, such as, for example, methyl diglycol, methyl triglycol, butyl triglycol or methyl tetraglycol.
- Ethylene glycol or propylene glycol dialkyl ethers with up to 6 alkylene oxide units and each with up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radicals are also suitable, for example triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, Butyl diglycol tert-butyl ether or dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- Suitable boric acid esters of the polyglycol ethers mentioned or of other polyglycol ethers are in particular in the documents EP-B 013 925 (cyclic bis-boric acid esters), DE-C 28 04 535 (nitrogen-containing boric acid esters), DE-A 24 38 038 (boric acid-alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether esters ) and DE-B 17 68 933 (boric acid tris-alkoxyalkyl ester).
- the brake fluids according to the invention for motor vehicles can also contain, as the main component, those based on carboxylic acid esters, mineral oils or silicone oils.
- the brake fluids according to the invention for motor vehicles contain, in addition to components (a) and optionally (b), also 0.1 to 50% by weight, in particular 1 to 40% by weight, especially 5 to 30% by weight. %, one or more polyglycols.
- Suitable polyglycols here are above all higher-boiling reaction products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide with water or diols; in particular, corresponding reaction products of mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with water are used.
- the number of alkylene oxide units in such polyglycols is usually 2 to 10.
- the effect of these high-boiling polyglycols is that of a lubricant, which is essentially due to an improvement in the temperature-viscosity behavior.
- the polyglycols give the low-viscosity polyglycol ethers sufficient viscosity at high temperatures and thus ensure adequate lubrication. Sufficient lubrication is therefore necessary in the components of the motor vehicle brake system, since rubber or elastomers must slide on metal there with as little wear as possible.
- Further components and auxiliaries in the brake fluids according to the invention for motor vehicles can be customary antioxidants such as phenothiazine and / or those based on phenol, and customary defoamers.
- the brake fluids according to the invention can contain the cyclic carboxylic acid derivatives listed in WO 00/65001, which are suitable as components for lowering the low-temperature viscosity in the presence of water.
- Brake fluids for motor vehicles meet the requirements mentioned above and that, in particular, generally good corrosion behavior compared to the state of the art, i.e. improved corrosion protection for metals such as iron, steel, tinplate, cast iron (gray cast iron), lead, tin, chromium, zinc, aluminum, Magnesium and their alloys and in the case of soldering metals, for example soldering tin, and in the case of non-ferrous metals such as copper and their alloys, for example brass.
- metals such as iron, steel, tinplate, cast iron (gray cast iron), lead, tin, chromium, zinc, aluminum, Magnesium and their alloys and in the case of soldering metals, for example soldering tin, and in the case of non-ferrous metals such as copper and their alloys, for example brass.
- Brake fluids for motor vehicles are their favorable low-temperature viscosity, good water compatibility, a gentle pH value, good cold, high temperature and oxidation stability as well as good chemical stability, good behavior (i.e. good compatibility) with materials such as rubbers, plastics, glue joints , Fiber, elastomer and rubber seals and similar materials as well as good lubricating properties.
- brake fluids BF 1 (ERBP: 267 ° C, wet ERBP: 173 ° C, kinematic viscosity at -40 ° C: 676 cSt) and BF 2 (ERBP: 263 ° C, wet ERBP: 181 ° C, kinematic viscosity at -40 ° C: 850 cSt) with 0.05% by weight of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole as non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor in each case
- the brake fluids BF 1a, BF 1b, BF 1c and BF 2a were tested.
- the motor vehicle brake fluids used had the following compositions: BF 1: 55.00 wt% Methyl triglycol borate, 43.44 wt% Mixture of methyl triglycol, methyl tetraglycol, butyl triglycol and methyl diglycol, 1.51 wt% Mixture of 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol, phenothiazine and a phosphoric acid ester 0.05 wt% 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole BF 2: 68.00 wt% Methyl triglycol borate, 28.84 wt% Mixture of methyl triglycol, methyl diglycol, butyl diglycol and diglycol, 3.11% by weight Mixture of 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol, hydroxyanisole and a phosphonic acid derivative 0.05 wt% 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole.
- the brake fluids BF 1a and BF 2a according to the invention differ from BF 1 and BF 2 only in that they contain the same amount of 1H-1,2,4 instead of 0.05% by weight of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole -Triazole contained; the inventive brake fluid BF 1b contained 0.04% by weight 1H-1,2,4-triazole and 0.01% by weight adenine instead of 0.05% by weight 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole; the inventive brake fluid BF 1c contained 0.07% by weight 1H-1,2,4-triazole instead of 0.05% by weight 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole (but only 54.98% by weight % Methyl triglycol borate).
- Table 1 Cu content [mg / kg] Cu sheet, appearance Liquid, appearance PH value BF 1 (comparison): 24 strong covering cloudy, precipitates 7.4 BF 1a: 29 blank, no coating amber, clear 7.6 BF 1b: 34 blank, no coating amber, clear 7.6 BF 1c: 18th blank, no coating amber, clear 7.5 BF 2 (comparison): 10 strong covering cloudy, precipitates 7.6 BF 2a: 30th blank, no coating amber, clear 7.7
- the formulations according to the invention not only offer very good copper corrosion protection with a low Cu content in the test fluid, but also produce a coating-free metal surface and no sedimentation in the brake fluid.
- Table 2 The results after the corrosion test according to SAE J 1704 (Jan. 97) are shown in Table 2 below.
- Table 2 metal BF 2a weight change [mg / cm 2 ] BF 1d (comparison) change in weight [mg / cm 2 ]
- Gray cast iron +0.05 +0.02 Brass 0.00 0.00 copper - 0.05 - 0.11 zinc +0.05 +0.04
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10117647A DE10117647A1 (de) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-04-09 | Hydraulische Flüssigkeiten mit verbessertem Korrosionsschutz |
DE10117647 | 2001-04-09 | ||
PCT/EP2002/003671 WO2002081604A1 (de) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-04-03 | Hydraulische flüssigkeiten mit verbessertem korrosionsschutz |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1379615A1 EP1379615A1 (de) | 2004-01-14 |
EP1379615B1 true EP1379615B1 (de) | 2004-12-29 |
Family
ID=7680939
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP02759789A Expired - Lifetime EP1379615B1 (de) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-04-03 | Hydraulische flüssigkeiten mit verbessertem korrosionsschutz |
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US (1) | US20040116306A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1379615B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4116445B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100861969B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1312261C (ja) |
AR (1) | AR033453A1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE286112T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002308121B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0208415A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2442697C (ja) |
CZ (1) | CZ299651B6 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE10117647A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2235077T3 (ja) |
HU (1) | HUP0303757A2 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA03007944A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO325635B1 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL197796B1 (ja) |
PT (1) | PT1379615E (ja) |
SK (1) | SK286828B6 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002081604A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA200308690B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
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KR20080025192A (ko) * | 2005-07-01 | 2008-03-19 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. | 저점도 기능성 유체 |
US20070093395A1 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-04-26 | Habeeb Jacob J | Antiwear inhibiting and load enhancing additive combinations for lubricating oils |
US7535673B2 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2009-05-19 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V. | Fluid dynamic bearing comprising a lubricating fluid having tolutriazole |
US8357642B2 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2013-01-22 | Chiyoda Chemical Co., Ltd. | Functional fluid |
US10669503B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2020-06-02 | Jon A. Petty | Corrosion inhibiting hydraulic fluid additive |
CA2939801A1 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2015-09-03 | Jon A. Petty | Corrosion inhibiting hydraulic fluid additive |
CN107557121A (zh) * | 2017-08-15 | 2018-01-09 | 杭州天汇精细化工有限公司 | 一种汽车制动液及其生产方法 |
CN111676082A (zh) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-18 | 江苏龙蟠科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于esp汽车控制系统的制动液及其制备方法 |
US11788026B2 (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2023-10-17 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Hydraulic fluid |
US12018224B2 (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2024-06-25 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Hydraulic fluid |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2945094A1 (de) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-05-21 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Hydraulische fluessigkeit mit verbesserten eigenschaften |
DE4013243A1 (de) * | 1990-04-26 | 1991-10-31 | Hoechst Ag | Gegen metallkorrosion inhibierte bremsfluessigkeiten auf der basis von glykolverbindungen |
GB2272000B (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1997-03-26 | Castrol Ltd | A method of inhibiting corrosion |
US6158491A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 2000-12-12 | Cookson Group Plc | Process for the corrosion protection of copper or copper alloys |
FR2733509B1 (fr) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-07-04 | Bp Chemicals Snc | Composition d'antigel et fluide aqueux comprenant la composition |
US6074992A (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-06-13 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Functional fluid compositions |
GB9924358D0 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 1999-12-15 | Brad Chem Technology Ltd | Corrosion inhibiting compositions |
DE10026010A1 (de) * | 2000-05-25 | 2001-11-29 | Basf Ag | Hydraulische Flüssigkeiten mit verbessertem Korrosionsschutz für Buntmetalle |
-
2001
- 2001-04-09 DE DE10117647A patent/DE10117647A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2002
- 2002-04-03 WO PCT/EP2002/003671 patent/WO2002081604A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-04-03 BR BR0208415-5A patent/BR0208415A/pt active Search and Examination
- 2002-04-03 ES ES02759789T patent/ES2235077T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-03 DE DE50201902T patent/DE50201902D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-03 AU AU2002308121A patent/AU2002308121B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-04-03 HU HU0303757A patent/HUP0303757A2/hu unknown
- 2002-04-03 US US10/469,770 patent/US20040116306A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-03 KR KR1020037013131A patent/KR100861969B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-03 EP EP02759789A patent/EP1379615B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-03 JP JP2002579971A patent/JP4116445B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-03 CA CA2442697A patent/CA2442697C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-03 AT AT02759789T patent/ATE286112T1/de active
- 2002-04-03 MX MXPA03007944A patent/MXPA03007944A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-04-03 SK SK1192-2003A patent/SK286828B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-03 CN CNB028079027A patent/CN1312261C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-03 AR ARP020101223A patent/AR033453A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-04-03 PT PT02759789T patent/PT1379615E/pt unknown
- 2002-04-03 PL PL367159A patent/PL197796B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-03 CZ CZ20032736A patent/CZ299651B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
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2003
- 2003-10-08 NO NO20034495A patent/NO325635B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-11-07 ZA ZA200308690A patent/ZA200308690B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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HUP0303757A2 (hu) | 2004-03-01 |
KR100861969B1 (ko) | 2008-10-08 |
US20040116306A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
MXPA03007944A (es) | 2004-04-02 |
BR0208415A (pt) | 2004-03-30 |
NO325635B1 (no) | 2008-06-30 |
SK11922003A3 (sk) | 2004-02-03 |
NO20034495L (no) | 2003-10-08 |
JP4116445B2 (ja) | 2008-07-09 |
NO20034495D0 (no) | 2003-10-08 |
ATE286112T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
DE10117647A1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
CN1312261C (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
PT1379615E (pt) | 2005-04-29 |
CA2442697C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
AU2002308121B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
PL367159A1 (en) | 2005-02-21 |
PL197796B1 (pl) | 2008-04-30 |
KR20030087063A (ko) | 2003-11-12 |
EP1379615A1 (de) | 2004-01-14 |
ZA200308690B (en) | 2004-11-08 |
CA2442697A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
JP2004523641A (ja) | 2004-08-05 |
WO2002081604A1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
CZ20032736A3 (cs) | 2003-12-17 |
DE50201902D1 (de) | 2005-02-03 |
CN1501971A (zh) | 2004-06-02 |
SK286828B6 (sk) | 2009-06-05 |
CZ299651B6 (cs) | 2008-10-01 |
AR033453A1 (es) | 2003-12-17 |
ES2235077T3 (es) | 2005-07-01 |
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