EP1376634A1 - Vakuumröhre für elektrisches Schutzgerät wie z.B. einen Schalter oder einen Lastschalter - Google Patents

Vakuumröhre für elektrisches Schutzgerät wie z.B. einen Schalter oder einen Lastschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1376634A1
EP1376634A1 EP03354060A EP03354060A EP1376634A1 EP 1376634 A1 EP1376634 A1 EP 1376634A1 EP 03354060 A EP03354060 A EP 03354060A EP 03354060 A EP03354060 A EP 03354060A EP 1376634 A1 EP1376634 A1 EP 1376634A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screen
contact
contacts
bulb according
vacuum bulb
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03354060A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1376634B1 (de
Inventor
Serge Schneider Electric Industries SAS Olive
Hans Schneider Electric SAS Schellekens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP1376634A1 publication Critical patent/EP1376634A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1376634B1 publication Critical patent/EP1376634B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vacuum bulb for a protective device electrical such as a switch or a circuit breaker, said bulb comprising an envelope of substantially cylindrical shape closed by two bottoms, two contacts extending axially inside the envelope, of which at least one said mobile contact, is connected to a control mechanism and is slidably mounted between a closed position of contacts allowing the passage of current and a position in which the contacts are separated and form an electric arc between them, as well as a means of producing a axial magnetic fields in the arc formation zone.
  • a vacuum circuit breaker of the kind mentioned above is described in document FR 2 682 808 or FR 2 726 396 of the applicant.
  • the vacuum bulbs have under strong currents a power of cut that is limited by the following phenomenon.
  • the arc drives liquid material from the molten contact to the edge of the contacts.
  • This very hot liquid material (about 2000 °) is at the edge of the contacts at the time of the cut.
  • the recovery voltage imposed by the network is established between the two contacts.
  • the field electrical generated by this voltage is maximum at the edges of the contacts. This generates the following undesirable phenomena.
  • the electric field present just above the liquified and very hot material, generates the emission of electrons by a thermo-electric mechanism. These free electrons ionize steam and gas. These two combined phenomena then lead to reboots and the failure of the bulb in cut.
  • the electric field may deform the surface of the liquid further increasing the electric field further. This is a harmful phenomenon which self-amplifies and can lead to a reboot.
  • some of the bulbs of the kind previously mentioned, as described in document FR 2 726 396 also comprise a metal screen acting as a wall of the envelope.
  • This screen is connected to one of the contacts, most often to the fixed contact, and secondarily produces a strengthening of the electric field created at the contact mobile.
  • the bulb is considered to be asymmetrical.
  • the electric field is more intense at the edges of the moving contact than at the edges of the contact fixed.
  • the dielectric strength after the cutoff is more or less good.
  • the present invention solves these problems and proposes a vacuum bulb with power of improved cutoff and whose cut-off behavior is more symmetrical.
  • the bulb performed according to the invention can also be reduced in size.
  • the subject of the present invention is a vacuum bottle of the kind previously mentioned, this bulb being characterized in that it comprises at least one screen conductor mounted around the periphery of at least one of the contacts, said screen being shaped and arranged to support the electric field from the voltage of recovery imposed by the network after the cut and thereby significantly reduce the electric field at the edge of the contact.
  • the aforementioned screen is electrically connected to said contact and sufficiently separated from said contact for the liquid flowing over the surface of contact of said contact can not reach said screen.
  • a gap separates the surface touch contact of the edge of said screen.
  • the aforementioned screen is present all around said contact.
  • the aforementioned screen has a semi-annular shape and is fixed on the lower part of the moving contact.
  • the bulb comprises, for one or each contact, a screen said first having the previously mentioned features taken alone or in combination, as well as a so-called second screen, mounted between the so-called first screen and the envelope of the bulb, said second screen being intended to protect the envelope of the metallization by the arc vapor and secondarily producing an increase in the value of the field on said contact.
  • the physical continuity is achieved on the contacts in closed position in a place where contact wear is minimal.
  • the physical continuity is achieved by means of a rings, ring sectors or pads arranged on the contact surface of one of the contacts and located respectively facing a ring, ring sectors, or pads arranged on the contact surface of the other of the contacts.
  • these rings, sectors of rings or studs are located above the aforesaid ditch (s) separating the screen (s) from the first one (s) of the associated contact (s).
  • This vacuum bulb A comprises a cylindrical envelope E closed by two funds 1,2 inside which are housed two arcing contacts 3,4, respectively a contact of fixed arc 3 and a movable arcing contact 4.
  • This movable contact 4 is mechanically connected by via an actuating rod 5 to a control device (not shown), said rod 5 being connected to said device by a 5a of its ends and being secured to the movable arc contact 4 by its opposite end 5b.
  • This control device is suitable for move the aforementioned rod 5 and the movable contact 4 in translation inside the envelope E between two positions respectively a closing position of the contacts corresponding to normal operation of the apparatus and an open or separation of the contacts after the occurrence of a fault in the electrical circuit to be protected or during a voluntary opening command of the electrical circuit.
  • an internal coil 6,7 is mounted at the rear of each of the contacts 3,4, said turns 6,7 constituting a means for producing an axial magnetic field capable of producing a diffusion of the arc created between the contacts after the separation of the contacts during the break.
  • a metal screen 9 is mounted around the end 5b of the rod actuator 5 connected to the movable contact 4, said screen 9 and part of another screen 1 being located around the moving contact 4 and producing an increase in the electric field created at the mobile contact during the break.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a vacuum interrupter A according to the invention further comprising elements mentioned above, a screen 11 for reducing the electric field at the edges of the contact 4.
  • This screen 11 of semi-annular shape, is arranged all around the periphery of the movable contact 4, and has two circular edges 11a, 11b of diameters different.
  • This screen 11 is electrically connected to the movable arcing contact 4 by its edge lower circular 11b and is sufficiently separated from said contact 4 for the liquid, flowing over the contact surface under the arc pressure, can not reach said 11.
  • a ditch 14 is thus created between the contact 4 and the screen 11, said ditch 14 having a depth of 5mm and a width of between 0.5 and 4 mm.
  • the shape of the screen 11 is such that the value of the electric field at the edges of the contact 4 is substantially reduced.
  • the edge 11a of said screen 11 is flush with the contact patch or is at a height slightly less than that of the contact patch, the difference being between 0 and 5 mm when the screen 11 is slightly behind the contact 4.
  • the screen 11 must have a good thermal resistance, because projections of drops from the contact 4 may subject him to thermal shock.
  • the screen 11 is preferably made of copper oubien in the same material as the contact 4.
  • this screen It may be made of a refractory material such as SiC, with the exception of insulators.
  • the breaking capacity of the bulb A of this figure is 20% higher than that of the FIG. 1.
  • the protective screen 11 substantially reduces the distance between the mobile contact 4 and the metal shell E.
  • curve 1 represents the behavior of a bulb of the prior art.
  • This curve represents in fact ordinate the breaking power P in percentage, and on the abscissa, the distance 1 of the screen relative to the wall in mm.
  • the distance between the movable contact 4 and the wall of the envelope E has been reduced and is now 9 mm while it was initially 13 mm.
  • the screen 11 thus presents a field very high electrical that does not degrade the breaking power.
  • the screen 11 is arranged around the movable contact 4, as illustrated on the figures 2,3, but another screen can also be placed, in addition to the first, around the fixed contact 3.
  • This screen 11 can also be used advantageously in bulbs of the type symmetrical with floating screen as shown in Figure 4.
  • This bulb presents in effect, for each of the contacts 3,4, an internal turn 6,7 located behind the contact 3,4, a metal screen 8,9 here cup-shaped extending in the vicinity of the wall of the envelope, between the internal coil 6, 7 and the envelope, and two screens 10, 11 according to the invention disposed respectively around the fixed contact 3 and around the movable contact 4.
  • the invention is implemented in a bulb A in which the contacts are provided with slots 12 as described in the French patent application FR 2 808 617. These slots 12 are made in the contacts 3,4 so as to receive and facilitate the flow of the contact liquid towards the surfaces below the surfaces of the contact, the liquid resulting from the melting of the contact material under the effect of concentration of the arc during the cut. These slots 12 make it possible to increase the surface contact between the arcing contacts 3,4 and the liquid so as to create hidden surfaces for the bow but accessible to the liquid. This provision has the effect of accelerating the cooling said contact material despite the concentration of the arc during the cut.
  • the movable contact 4 is provided with a screen 11 according to the invention.
  • the advantageous effects associated with the screen 11 surrounding the contact 4 are are reinforced by the presence of the slots 12 in the contacts 3,4, since the liquid on the one hand, does not reach the screen 11, and moreover reaches later the edges of contacts 3a, 4a.
  • FIG. 6 shows a bulb A comprising an outer turn 17 and comprising in addition to two rings 15,16 for achieving physical continuity between the two 3,4 contacts in closed position.
  • the contacts 3,4 of the bulb A of the preceding figure present a more wear important than the standard bulbs for the following reasons: the liquid created during the cut, does not stagnate on the surface and the increase in breaking power makes it grow still more this erosion. It is then advantageous to separate the place where is realized the physical continuity in the closed position of the contacts 3,4, allowing the conduction of the current, from the location on the contacts with maximum wear. But it is known that the axial magnetic field created by the outer and inner turns stabilizes the arc well and rather, drive him to where he is strongest, at least for strong currents. It is in these places the erosion will be the highest. It is then advantageous to realize the physical continuity elsewhere. This physical continuity can be achieved by means of several pieces may take the form of a ring 15,16.
  • the bulb described in this figure comprises, at each of the contacts 3,4, a ring 15,16 placed at above the ditch 13,14 separating the screen 10,11 and the contact 3,4.
  • the liquid can flow freely through the slots 12.
  • the power is increased, the value of this increase of up to 60% of the breaking capacity associated with a bulb according to Figure 1.
  • the screen could be of a shape other than semi-annular, for rectangular example etc ...
  • the invention can also be implemented advantageously in a light bulb as described in patent FR 2 745 118.
  • said bulb further comprises another screen made of conductive material and electrically connected to one of the contacts, said screen being located at the inside of the envelope to the right of the separation interval of the contacts and located around the contacts in a predetermined position according to the position of the leads of current so that when the arc tends to deviate from the above-mentioned interval, this arc is between the contacts and the screen.
  • the switch of this embodiment has a power of improved cutoff, this cutoff power can be obtained by producing a field less magnetic and whose ability to hold the permanent current is increased.
  • the inclination of the slots in the turn formed by the screen is opposite to the inclination of the slots in the contact.
  • the first ones are used to generate the fields axial magnet while the latter serve to drain the liquid (molten metal).
  • the slots in the screen do not leave pass projections of liquid.
  • the screen with the slots thus fulfills three functions which are respectively to avoid splashes of liquid metal, to support mechanically the contact ring and the current conductor and strengthen or create the field axial magnetic contact between the contacts.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the relationship between breaking capacity c and contact diameter d for a bulb according to the invention and for a bulb according to the prior art.
  • the current c in k A eff is represented on the ordinate, while on the abscissa is represented the diameter d of contacts in mm.
  • the dots represented by squares represent values obtained with a conventional bulb with an outer turn (12kv).
  • the points represented by triangles represent values obtained with a light bulb having an inner turn (24kv). Circles correspond to values demonstrated.
  • the dark line represents the limit for a bulb of the classic type using an axial field while the light line represents the limit for a bulb according to the invention.
  • the values of the power of cut for the same contact diameter are greater in the case of a bulb according to the invention to those concerning a bulb according to the prior art.
  • the same value of power Cutoff can be achieved with a contact diameter value decreased by one third.
  • the ampoule according to the invention has a more symmetrical behavior in cut, especially when the bulb is of the type having slots. So, the outfit dielectric after the cutoff hardly varies with the polarity of the voltage of recovery.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP03354060A 2002-06-27 2003-06-19 Vakuumröhre für elektrisches Schutzgerät wie z.B. einen Schalter oder einen Lastschalter Expired - Lifetime EP1376634B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0208033 2002-06-27
FR0208033A FR2841682B1 (fr) 2002-06-27 2002-06-27 Ampoule a vide pour un appareil de protection electrique tel un interrupteur ou un disjoncteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1376634A1 true EP1376634A1 (de) 2004-01-02
EP1376634B1 EP1376634B1 (de) 2008-12-17

Family

ID=29717121

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03354060A Expired - Lifetime EP1376634B1 (de) 2002-06-27 2003-06-19 Vakuumröhre für elektrisches Schutzgerät wie z.B. einen Schalter oder einen Lastschalter

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6762388B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1376634B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1312714C (de)
AT (1) ATE418151T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60325300D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2316709T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2841682B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107863266A (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-03-30 国网青海省电力公司 配电用真空开关的灭弧室结构及其设计方法
FR3056822A1 (fr) * 2016-09-28 2018-03-30 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Ampoule a vide pour appareil de connexion electrique

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004031887B3 (de) * 2004-06-30 2006-04-13 Siemens Ag Schaltkontakt für Vakuumschaltröhren
CN101894706A (zh) * 2010-04-15 2010-11-24 北京双杰电气股份有限公司 双断口真空灭弧室
CN102254734B (zh) * 2011-06-30 2013-10-16 西安交通大学 高电压单断口真空灭弧室
US9177742B2 (en) * 2011-10-18 2015-11-03 G & W Electric Company Modular solid dielectric switchgear
KR101992736B1 (ko) 2015-04-22 2019-06-26 엘에스산전 주식회사 진공 인터럽터의 접점부
CN109841452B (zh) * 2017-11-28 2022-08-19 天津平高智能电气有限公司 一种真空灭弧室及其触头屏蔽结构
DE102018200450A1 (de) * 2018-01-12 2019-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre
JP7109659B2 (ja) * 2019-04-23 2022-07-29 三菱電機株式会社 真空バルブ

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2410350A1 (fr) * 1977-11-23 1979-06-22 Hazemeijer Bv Contacteurs sous vide pour haute tension
JPS63160122A (ja) * 1986-12-24 1988-07-02 株式会社明電舎 真空インタラプタ
US4982059A (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-01-01 Cooper Industries, Inc. Axial magnetic field interrupter
JPH04101315A (ja) * 1990-08-17 1992-04-02 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 真空バルブ
DE19603158A1 (de) * 1996-01-19 1997-07-24 Fachhochschule Fuer Technik Un Hochspannungs-Vakuumschalter
EP1037233A2 (de) * 1999-03-18 2000-09-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Schaltanlage

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FR1480001A (de) * 1965-05-28 1967-07-27
US3851203A (en) * 1973-07-30 1974-11-26 Gen Electric Vacuum arc devices with improved arcing shields
US4661666A (en) * 1985-05-28 1987-04-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum interrupter
CN85202098U (zh) * 1985-06-07 1986-04-23 西安高压电器研究所 一种用于真空断路器的纵磁场触头
EP0740321A3 (de) * 1995-04-26 1998-04-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Elektrode für Vakuumlastschalter
DE19519078A1 (de) * 1995-05-18 1996-11-21 Mueller Ottmar Prof Dr Ing Hab Hochspannungs-Vakuumschalter
FR2745118B1 (fr) * 1996-02-16 1998-04-03 Schneider Electric Sa Interrupteur ou disjoncteur a vide
US5793008A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-08-11 Eaton Corporation Vacuum interrupter with arc diffusing contact design
CN1056463C (zh) * 1997-11-05 2000-09-13 西安交通大学 真空灭弧室用拐臂式二极纵向磁场电极
FR2808617B1 (fr) * 2000-05-02 2002-06-28 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Ampoule a vide notamment pour un appareil de protection electrique tel un interrupteur ou un disjoncteur
KR100386845B1 (ko) * 2000-10-16 2003-06-09 엘지산전 주식회사 종자계 방식 진공인터럽터용 전극구조

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2410350A1 (fr) * 1977-11-23 1979-06-22 Hazemeijer Bv Contacteurs sous vide pour haute tension
JPS63160122A (ja) * 1986-12-24 1988-07-02 株式会社明電舎 真空インタラプタ
US4982059A (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-01-01 Cooper Industries, Inc. Axial magnetic field interrupter
JPH04101315A (ja) * 1990-08-17 1992-04-02 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 真空バルブ
DE19603158A1 (de) * 1996-01-19 1997-07-24 Fachhochschule Fuer Technik Un Hochspannungs-Vakuumschalter
EP1037233A2 (de) * 1999-03-18 2000-09-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Schaltanlage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 336 (E - 1237) 21 July 1992 (1992-07-21) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3056822A1 (fr) * 2016-09-28 2018-03-30 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Ampoule a vide pour appareil de connexion electrique
CN107863266A (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-03-30 国网青海省电力公司 配电用真空开关的灭弧室结构及其设计方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6762388B2 (en) 2004-07-13
EP1376634B1 (de) 2008-12-17
CN1469405A (zh) 2004-01-21
CN1312714C (zh) 2007-04-25
DE60325300D1 (de) 2009-01-29
US20040000536A1 (en) 2004-01-01
FR2841682B1 (fr) 2004-12-10
ES2316709T3 (es) 2009-04-16
ATE418151T1 (de) 2009-01-15
FR2841682A1 (fr) 2004-01-02

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