EP1376634B1 - Vakuumröhre für elektrisches Schutzgerät wie z.B. einen Schalter oder einen Lastschalter - Google Patents

Vakuumröhre für elektrisches Schutzgerät wie z.B. einen Schalter oder einen Lastschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1376634B1
EP1376634B1 EP03354060A EP03354060A EP1376634B1 EP 1376634 B1 EP1376634 B1 EP 1376634B1 EP 03354060 A EP03354060 A EP 03354060A EP 03354060 A EP03354060 A EP 03354060A EP 1376634 B1 EP1376634 B1 EP 1376634B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shield
contact
contacts
cartridge according
vacuum cartridge
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03354060A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1376634A1 (de
Inventor
Serge Schneider Electric Industries SAS Olive
Hans Schneider Electric SAS Schellekens
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter for an electrical protection device such as a switch or a circuit breaker, said bulb comprising a substantially cylindrical envelope closed by two bottoms, two contacts extending axially inside the envelope, at least one said movable contact, is connected to a control mechanism and is slidably mounted between a closed position of the contacts allowing the passage of current and a position in which the contacts are separated and form an electric arc between them, and means for producing an axial magnetic field in the arc formation zone.
  • a vacuum circuit breaker of the kind mentioned above is described in the documents From 19603158 FR 2.682.808 or FR 2,726,396 of the plaintiff. In this type of circuit breaker, the vacuum bulbs have under high currents, a breaking capacity which is limited by the following phenomenon.
  • the arc causes liquid material from the molten contact to the edge of the contacts.
  • This very hot liquid material (about 2000 °) is at the edge of the contacts at the time of the cut.
  • the recovery voltage imposed by the network is established between the two contacts.
  • the electric field generated by this voltage is maximum at the edges of the contacts. This causes the following undesirable phenomena. Firstly, while cooling, the liquid constantly emits metal vapors as well as gases. These emissions create a high gas density atmosphere which, in an environment normally under high vacuum, has a reduced dielectric strength. Second, the electric field, present just above the liquefied and very hot material, generates the emission of electrons by a thermo-electric mechanism.
  • the bulbs of the kind previously mentioned further comprise a metal screen acting as wall of the envelope.
  • This screen is connected to one of the contacts, usually in fixed contact, and secondarily produces a strengthening of the electric field created at the mobile contact.
  • the bulb is considered to be asymmetrical. The electric field is more intense at the edges of the moving contact than at the edges of the fixed contact.
  • the fixed contact is subjected to a negative voltage rather than the moving contact.
  • the hot material emits more electrons because of the presence of the reinforced electric field, which increases the risk of rebooting.
  • This asymmetry in terms of geometry also results in an asymmetry in terms of breaking capacity, the difference being of the order of 15% for a nominal current of 25 kAeff.
  • the present invention solves these problems and proposes a vacuum bulb with improved breaking capacity and whose breaking behavior is more symmetrical.
  • the ampoule made according to the invention can also be reduced in size.
  • the subject of the present invention is a vacuum interrupter according to claim 1.
  • the aforementioned screen is used to drive at least part of the current.
  • said screen comprises slots arranged such that said screen constitutes a coil.
  • the aforementioned screen is electrically connected to said contact and is sufficiently separated from said contact so that the liquid flowing on the contact surface of said contact can not reach said screen.
  • the aforementioned screen is present all around said contact.
  • the screen is shaped so as to create between said screen and said contact a ditch having a width of between 0.5 mm and 4 mm.
  • the aforementioned ditch has a depth of about 5 mm.
  • the edge of the aforementioned screen is substantially at the same level as the contact pad, or is slightly less than the height of the height of the contact pad.
  • the aforementioned screen has a semi-annular shape and is fixed on the lower part of the movable contact.
  • the screen is made of the same material as the contact, for example copper.
  • the screen is made of a refractory material such as SiC.
  • the aforementioned screen is mounted around the moving contact.
  • said bulb comprises another said second screen, said screen being intended to protect the envelope of the metallization by the arc vapor and secondarily producing an increase in the value of the electric field on said contact.
  • said second screen is mounted between the so-called first screen and the envelope E of the bulb A.
  • the or each contact comprises at least one slot passing through said contact, said slots being arranged to receive the aforementioned liquid and to facilitate its flow.
  • said bulb comprises a so-called third screen, made of a conductive material, said screen being located inside the envelope E at the right of the separation interval of the contacts and being electrically connected to one contacts, said screen being located around the contacts at a predetermined position according to the position of the current leads so that when the arc tends to deviate from the aforementioned interval, this arc is placed between the contacts and the screen .
  • the inclination of the slots in the contacts is opposite to the inclination of the slots in the screen so that the liquid flowing through the slots of the contacts can not flow through the slots of the screen.
  • a vacuum bulb A intended in particular to be integrated in a medium voltage electrical circuit breaker in order to achieve the breaking of an electric circuit in the event of a fault or during a command of voluntary opening of the electric circuit.
  • This vacuum bulb A comprises a cylindrical envelope E closed by two bottoms 1.2 inside which are housed two arcing contacts 3,4, respectively a fixed arcing contact 3 and a movable arcing contact 4
  • This movable contact 4 is mechanically connected via an actuating rod 5 to a control device (not shown), said rod 5 being connected to said device by a 5a of its ends and being secured to the contact moving bow 4 by its opposite end 5b.
  • This control device is able to move the aforementioned rod 5 and the movable contact 4 in translation inside the envelope E between two positions respectively a closed position of the contacts corresponding to a normal operation of the apparatus and a position opening or separation of the contacts after the appearance of a fault in the electrical circuit to be protected or during a voluntary opening command of the electrical circuit.
  • an internal turn 6, 7 is mounted behind each of the contacts 3, 4, said turns 6, 7 constituting a means for producing an axial magnetic field capable of effecting a diffusion of the arc. created between the contacts after the separation of the contacts during the break.
  • a metal screen 9 is mounted around the end 5b of the actuating rod 5 connected to the moving contact 4, said screen 9 and a part of another screen 1 being located around the moving contact 4 and producing an increase in the electric field created at the moving contact during the break.
  • a vacuum interrupter A according to an embodiment no longer part of the invention and further comprising elements mentioned above, a screen 11 for reducing the electric field to the edges of the contact 4.
  • This screen 11, semi form -annual is disposed around the periphery of the movable contact 4, and has two circular edges 11a, 11b of different diameters.
  • This screen 11 is connected electrically in contact with moving arc 4 by its lower circular edge 11b and is sufficiently separated from said contact 4 so that the liquid, flowing over the contact surface under the arc pressure, can not reach said screen 11.
  • a ditch 14 is thus created between the contact 4 and the screen 11, said ditch 14 having a depth of 5 mm and a width of between 0.5 and 4 mm.
  • the shape of the screen 11 is such that the value of the electric field at the edges of the contact 4 is substantially reduced.
  • the edge 11a of said screen 11 is flush with the contact pad or is at a height slightly less than that of the contact pad, the difference being between 0 and 5 mm when the screen 11 is slightly set back by relative to the contact 4.
  • the screen 11 must have good thermal resistance, because projections of drops from the contact 4 may subject it to thermal shock.
  • the screen 11 is preferably made of copper orbien in the same material as the contact 4.
  • this screen 11 may be made of a refractory material such as SiC, with the exception of insulators.
  • the breaking capacity of the bulb A of this figure is 20% higher than that of the figure 1 .
  • the protective screen 11 according to the invention substantially reduces the distance between the movable contact 4 and the metal envelope E. Thus, despite the fact that the screen 11 substantially reduces this distance, a net increase in the power of cut as indicated by curve 2 on the figure 7 , while curve 1 represents the behavior of a bulb of the prior art.
  • This curve represents on the ordinate the cutoff power P in percentage, and on the abscissa, the distance 1 from the screen relative to the wall in mm.
  • the screen 11 because of the screen 11, the distance between the movable contact 4 and the wall of the envelope E has been reduced and is now 9 mm whereas it was initially 13 mm.
  • the screen 11 thus has a very high electric field which does not degrade the breaking power.
  • the screen 11 is arranged around the movable contact 4, as illustrated on the figures 2 , 3 , but another screen can also be placed, in addition to the first, around the fixed contact 3.
  • This screen 11 can also be used advantageously in bulbs of the symmetrical type with floating screen as shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • This bulb has indeed, for each of the contacts 3,4, an internal coil 6,7 located behind the contact 3,4, a metal screen 8,9 here in the form of a cup extending in the vicinity of the wall of the envelope, between the inner coil 6,7 and the envelope, and two screens 10,11 according to the invention respectively arranged around the fixed contact 3 and around the moving contact 4.
  • the contacts are provided with slots 12 as described in the French patent application FR 2 808 617 . These slots 12 are made in the contacts 3,4 so as to receive and facilitate the flow of the contact liquid towards the surfaces under the contact surfaces, the liquid coming from the melting of the contact material under the effect of the concentration of the arc during the cut.
  • slots 12 make it possible to increase the contact surface between the arcing contacts 3,4 and the liquid so as to create concealed surfaces for the arc but accessible to the liquid.
  • This arrangement has the effect of accelerating the cooling of said contact material despite the concentration of the arc during the cut. With these provisions, it elapses more time before the liquid reaches the edges of the contacts 3a, 4a. Thus, the liquid reaches the edges of the contacts 3a, 4a at a time when the current values are very high.
  • the movable contact 4 is provided with a screen 11 according to the invention.
  • the bulb described in this figure comprises, at each of the contacts 3,4, a ring 15,16 placed above the ditch 13,14 separating the screen 10,11 and the contact 3,4. With this arrangement, the liquid can flow freely through the slots 12.
  • the breaking capacity is increased, the value of this increase can be up to 60% of the breaking capacity associated with a bulb according to the figure 1 .
  • this physical continuity can also be achieved with rings having a reduced diameter, which are no longer in contact with the screen.
  • This physical continuity can also be achieved by means of studs or sectors of rings.
  • the screen could be of a shape other than semi-annular, for example rectangular etc ...
  • the invention may also be advantageously implemented in an ampoule as described in the patent FR 2,745,118 .
  • said bulb further comprises another screen made of conductive material and electrically connected to one of the contacts, said screen being located inside the envelope to the right of the separation interval of the contacts and located around the contacts at a predetermined position according to the position of the current leads so that when the arc tends to deviate from the aforementioned range, this arc is placed between the contacts and the 'screen.
  • the switch of this embodiment has an improved breaking capacity, this breaking capacity can be obtained by producing a smaller magnetic field and the ability to hold the permanent current is increased.
  • the use of a screen according to the invention in such a switch makes it possible to further increase the breaking capacity.
  • On the figure 9 we see another embodiment of the invention, in which the screen is used to drive part of the current.
  • the screen with the slots thus fulfills three functions which are respectively to prevent splashes of liquid metal, to mechanically support the contact ring and the current conductor and to strengthen or create the axial magnetic field between the contacts.
  • the figure 8 illustrates the relationship between the breaking capacity c and the diameter of the contacts d for an ampoule according to the invention and for a bulb according to the prior art.
  • the current c in k A eff is represented on the ordinate, while on the abscissa is represented the diameter d of the contacts in mm.
  • the points represented by squares represent values obtained with a conventional bulb having an outer turn (12kv).
  • the points represented by triangles represent values obtained with a bulb having an inner turn (24kv).
  • the circles correspond to demonstrated values.
  • the dark line represents the limit for a bulb of the conventional type using an axial field while the light line represents the limit for a bulb according to the invention. It can thus be seen on this curve that the values of the breaking capacity for the same contact diameter are greater in the case of an ampoule according to the invention than those for an ampoule according to the prior art. As a result, the same value of breaking capacity can be obtained with a contact diameter value decreased by one third.
  • the bulb according to the invention has a more symmetrical behavior cut, especially when the bulb is of the type having slots. Thus, the dielectric strength after the cut does not vary substantially with the polarity of the recovery voltage.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Vakuumschaltröhre (A) für eine elektrische Schutzeinrichtung wie beispielsweise einen Lastschalter oder Leistungsschalter, welche Schaltröhre ein annähernd zylindrisches, durch zwei Böden verschlossenes Gehäuse, zwei axial im Inneren dieses Gehäuses angeordnete Kontakte, von denen mindestens der eine, als bewegbar bezeichnete Kontakte mit einem Antriebsmechanismus verbunden ist und zwischen einer Einschaltstellung der Kontakte, die einen Stromfluss erlaubt, und einer Stellung verschoben werden kann, in der die Kontakte voneinander getrennt sind und ein Lichtbogen zwischen ihnen abbrennt, sowie ein Mittel zur Erzeugung eines axialen Magnetfelds in der Lichtbogenzone umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltröhre eine, um jeden der Kontakte (3, 4) herum geführte leitende Abschirmung (10, 11) umfasst, welche Abschirmung so ausgebildet und angeordnet ist, dass sie in der Lage ist, das elektrische Feld aufzunehmen, das durch die nach der Abschaltung vom Netz verursachte wiederkehrende Spannung erzeugt wird, und so das elektrische Feld im Randbereich des genannten Kontakts (3, 4) beträchtlich zu reduzieren, sowie dadurch, dass in der Einschaltstellung der materielle Übergang an den Kontakten (3, 4) durch einen Ring (15), durch Ringsegmente oder durch Stifte gewährleistet wird, die an der Kontaktfläche eines der Kontakte (3) ausgebildet sind und jeweils einem Ring (16), Ringsegmenten oder Stiften gegenüberliegen, die an der Kontaktfläche des anderen Kontakts (4) ausgebildet sind, wobei die genannten Ringe (15, 16), Ringsegmente oder Stifte oberhalb des zwischen der Abschirmung und dem zugeordneten Kontakt (3, 4) ausgebildeten Spalts (13, 14) angeordnet sind.
  2. Schaltröhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Abschirmung (10, 11) dazu dient, mindestens einen Teil des Stroms zu leiten.
  3. Schaltröhre nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Abschirmung (10, 11) Schlitze (18) aufweist, die so ausgelegt sind, dass die genannte Abschirmung (11) eine Spule bildet.
  4. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Abschirmung (11) elektrisch mit dem genannten Kontakt (3, 4) verbunden und in einem ausreichend großen Abstand zu diesem Kontakt (3, 4) angeordnet ist, damit die über die Kontaktfläche des genannten Kontakts (3, 4) laufende Flüssigkeit nicht bis an die genannte Abschirmung (11) gelangen kann.
  5. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Abschirmung (11) um den gesamten Umfang des genannten Kontakts (3, 4) herum geführt ist.
  6. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abschirmung (11) so ausgebildet ist, dass zwischen der genannten Abschirmung (11) und dem genannten Kontakt (3, 4) ein Spalt (14) mit einer Breite zwischen 0,5 und 4 mm vorhanden ist.
  7. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der genannte Spalt (14) eine Tiefe von etwa 5 mm aufweist.
  8. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der obere Rand (11a) der genannten Abschirmung (11) annähernd mit dem Kontaktplättchen (3,4) fluchtet oder seine Höhe geringfügig niedriger ist als die Höhe dieses Kontaktplättchen (3,4).
  9. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Abschirmung (11) halbringförmig ausgebildet und an der Unterseite des bewegbaren Kontakts (3, 4) befestigt ist.
  10. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abschirmung (11) aus dem gleichen Material wie der Kontakt (3, 4), beispielsweise aus Kupfer, besteht.
  11. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abschirmung (11) aus einem Hochtemperaturwerkstoff wie zum Beispiel SiC besteht.
  12. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Abschirmung (11) um den bewegbaren Kontakt (3, 4) herum angeordnet ist.
  13. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine als zweite Abschirmung bezeichnete weitere Abschirmung (8, 9, 1) umfasst, welche Abschirmung (8, 9) dazu dient, das Gehäuse vor dem Niederschlag von durch den Lichtbogen erzeugten Metalldämpfen zu schützen und darüber hinaus eine Verstärkung des elektrischen Feldes am genannten Kontakt (3, 4) zu bewirken.
  14. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Abschirmung (8, 9) zwischen der als erste Abschirmung bezeichneten Abschirmung (10, 11) und dem Gehäuse E der Schaltröhre A angeordnet ist.
  15. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kontakt bzw. jeder Kontakt (3, 4) mindestens einen, den genannten Kontakt (3, 4) durchsetzenden Schlitz (12) aufweist, wobei die genannten Schlitze (12) so ausgebildet sind, dass sie die genannte Flüssigkeit aufnehmen und ihren Abfluss erleichtern (3, 4).
  16. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine als dritte Abschirmung bezeichnete, weitere Abschirmung umfasst, die aus einem leitenden werkstoff besteht und im Inneren des Gehäuses E in Höhe der Trennzone der Kontakte (3, 4) angeordnet und elektrisch mit einem der Kontakte (3, 4) verbunden ist, wobei die genannte Abschirmung in einer bestimmten, von der Lage der Stromzuführungen abhängenden Lage um die Kontakte herum geführt ist, derart dass der Lichtbogen bei dem Versuch, die genannte Trennzone zu verlassen, in den Bereich zwischen die Kontakte (3, 4) und die Abschirmung geführt wird.
  17. Vakuumschaltröhre nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 3 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neigung der in den Kontakten (3, 4) ausgebildeten Schlitze (12) der Neigung der in der Abschirmung (11) ausgebildeten Schlitze (18) entgegengerichtet ist, derart dass die durch die Schlitze (18) in den Kontakten abfließende Flüssigkeit nicht durch die in der Abschirmung (11) ausgebildeten Schlitze (18) fließen kann.
EP03354060A 2002-06-27 2003-06-19 Vakuumröhre für elektrisches Schutzgerät wie z.B. einen Schalter oder einen Lastschalter Expired - Lifetime EP1376634B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0208033A FR2841682B1 (fr) 2002-06-27 2002-06-27 Ampoule a vide pour un appareil de protection electrique tel un interrupteur ou un disjoncteur
FR0208033 2002-06-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1376634A1 EP1376634A1 (de) 2004-01-02
EP1376634B1 true EP1376634B1 (de) 2008-12-17

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EP03354060A Expired - Lifetime EP1376634B1 (de) 2002-06-27 2003-06-19 Vakuumröhre für elektrisches Schutzgerät wie z.B. einen Schalter oder einen Lastschalter

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Country Link
US (1) US6762388B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1376634B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1312714C (de)
AT (1) ATE418151T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60325300D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2316709T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2841682B1 (de)

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DE102004031887B3 (de) * 2004-06-30 2006-04-13 Siemens Ag Schaltkontakt für Vakuumschaltröhren
CN101894706A (zh) * 2010-04-15 2010-11-24 北京双杰电气股份有限公司 双断口真空灭弧室
CN102254734B (zh) * 2011-06-30 2013-10-16 西安交通大学 高电压单断口真空灭弧室
US9177742B2 (en) * 2011-10-18 2015-11-03 G & W Electric Company Modular solid dielectric switchgear
KR101992736B1 (ko) 2015-04-22 2019-06-26 엘에스산전 주식회사 진공 인터럽터의 접점부
FR3056822B1 (fr) * 2016-09-28 2018-10-12 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Ampoule a vide pour appareil de connexion electrique
CN107863266A (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-03-30 国网青海省电力公司 配电用真空开关的灭弧室结构及其设计方法
CN109841452B (zh) * 2017-11-28 2022-08-19 天津平高智能电气有限公司 一种真空灭弧室及其触头屏蔽结构
DE102018200450A1 (de) * 2018-01-12 2019-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre
WO2020218137A1 (ja) * 2019-04-23 2020-10-29 三菱電機株式会社 真空バルブ

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Publication number Publication date
EP1376634A1 (de) 2004-01-02
CN1312714C (zh) 2007-04-25
US20040000536A1 (en) 2004-01-01
CN1469405A (zh) 2004-01-21
US6762388B2 (en) 2004-07-13
ES2316709T3 (es) 2009-04-16
FR2841682B1 (fr) 2004-12-10
FR2841682A1 (fr) 2004-01-02
ATE418151T1 (de) 2009-01-15
DE60325300D1 (de) 2009-01-29

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