EP2144263B1 - Elektrogeräte unter einer Metallhülle mit reduziertem Spannungsgradienten - Google Patents

Elektrogeräte unter einer Metallhülle mit reduziertem Spannungsgradienten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2144263B1
EP2144263B1 EP20090164735 EP09164735A EP2144263B1 EP 2144263 B1 EP2144263 B1 EP 2144263B1 EP 20090164735 EP20090164735 EP 20090164735 EP 09164735 A EP09164735 A EP 09164735A EP 2144263 B1 EP2144263 B1 EP 2144263B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deflector
jacket
switchgear apparatus
grading shield
free end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20090164735
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2144263A1 (de
Inventor
André Cimala
Gwenaël Marquezin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP2144263A1 publication Critical patent/EP2144263A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2144263B1 publication Critical patent/EP2144263B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7069—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by special dielectric or insulating properties or by special electric or magnetic field control properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates mainly to medium, high or very high voltage electrical equipment in a metal casing filled with a dielectric fluid, gaseous hexafluoride type (SF 6 ), and more particularly to metal-enclosed electrical equipment fitted with protective caps. fragrances to control electrical gradients.
  • SF 6 gaseous hexafluoride type
  • the metal casing of metal-enclosed electrical equipment such as power or current transformers, armored circuit breakers and metal-encased substations, with moving or stationary parts, is connected to the earth and therefore has a potential equal to 0 V.
  • the conductive part of the electrical equipment is several hundred kilovolts and is isolated from the outer casing by a dielectric fluid, type SF 6 gas or liquid such as oil.
  • This corona shield surrounds the high or medium voltage conductor, and is at a given distance therefrom, this distance depending on the need to pass a tool for mounting or maintenance between the corona shield and the high or medium voltage conductor and / or the presence of connecting rods for moving a moving part.
  • the known fender covers have large radii on the inner part of the tip.
  • the distance between the casing and the outer periphery of the corona shield is limited to a minimum value. Therefore, increasing the curvature of the outer portion of the mouthpiece involves increasing the radius of the envelope.
  • the document US 6,831,828 discloses a metal-enclosed connection apparatus comprising composite corona shields consisting of a metal cylindrical cap and a dielectric material coating covering the entire cap of the corona shield, which coating extends from the inner portion from cylinder to part external. This coating eliminates the tip effect at the tip.
  • this hood has a major disadvantage, which is that of the appearance of a triple point facing the casing of the apparatus at the junction between the metal deflector cover, the coating of dielectric material and the dielectric gas. If a metal particle is near the triple point, there is a high risk of priming. This triple point is also a source of partial discharges.
  • a cylindrical protective cover designed to surround an electrical conductor, comprising an element of electrical insulating material bordering the inner portion or the outer portion of the cap of the corona shield, without cover the free end of the hood.
  • the electrical insulating element has the effect of separating the equipotential lines from each other at the tip of the corona shield, due to the difference in permittivity between the insulating material of the insert element and the fluid dielectric, which decreases the gradients in this area, and therefore reduces the risk of priming at the tip.
  • a hybrid anti-horn cover comprising means for deflecting the equipotential lines at the tip of the corona shield, ie where the risks associated with the appearance of an arc ignition are high.
  • the main subject of the present invention is therefore an electrical equipment in a metal enclosure comprising a vessel filled with a dielectric fluid, a live electrical conductor arranged inside the vessel, at least one deflection shield surrounding at least one portion of the live conductor, said corona shield having a cylindrical metal shell surrounding said conductor and at least one free end, said corona shield also having at least one equipotential line baffle of dielectric material bordering at least the inner periphery or the outer periphery of said envelope of said corona shield and protruding from said casing on the side of the free end, said insulating member not being in contact with the free end of the corona shield.
  • the deflector is disposed on the outer periphery when it is the inner part of the electrical equipment is the most loaded, for example in the case of crossings.
  • the corona shield may have two free ends each provided with a deflector of equipotential lines.
  • it may comprise two corona shields.
  • the deflector (s) is or are connected to the casing of the corona shield in an area upstream of the first curved surface.
  • the deflector (s) is or have the shape of a cylinder provided with a base at one end housed inside or outside the envelope of the corona cover and whereby the deflector (s) is (or are) attached to the envelope.
  • the free end (s) of the envelope (s) of the corona cover (s) is (or are) formed (s) towards the interior of a first curved surface having a first radius and towards the outside a second curved surface having a second radius, the first and second radii being connected in a closed plane curve, the deflector is then advantageously contained in an imaginary cylinder whose surface follows said closed planar curve.
  • the free end (s) of the envelope (s) of the corona cover (s) is (or are) formed towards the inside of a first surface. curve having a first radius and outwardly a second curved surface having a second radius, the first and second spokes connecting in a closed planar curve, the deflector being disposed outside an imaginary cylinder whose surface follows said closed planar curve.
  • the deflector (s) has (have) the shape of a cylinder and comprises (s) a transverse platform covering the end of said cylinder protruding from the envelope.
  • the deflector (s) has (or has) the form of a torus split along a circle, covering the free end or the free ends of the envelope of the corona shield, and covering a portion of the outer periphery of the envelope, the torus being kept at a distance from the outer periphery of the envelope.
  • the deflector (s) has (or have) the shape of a half-torus covering the free end or the free ends of the envelope of the corona shield.
  • the electrical conductor may comprise at least two contacts, at least one of which is movable relative to the other so as to interrupt the passage of the current, so as to form a switch.
  • the material of the deflector (s) is, for example polyepoxide, Araldite ® type, PVC, high density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy, methyl methacrylate, polyacetal, polyamide or polycarbonate.
  • the deflector has, for example a permittivity greater than 1, for example greater than or equal to 1.5.
  • the deflector may be molded onto or adhered to the envelope of the discharge shield.
  • the present invention applies to any electrical apparatus comprising an outer envelope or tank and internal elements under tension, and for which there is a voltage difference between the outer shell and the internal elements, the live elements being surrounded by a or several shields.
  • the electrical equipment to which the invention applies may be power transformers, current transformers, electrical equipment with busbars, with or without moving parts, and any switch intended to interrupt a medium, high or very low current. high tension.
  • FIG. 1 a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen comprising electrically live conductors 2, 4 extending along a longitudinal axis X, a metal vessel 6 sealingly confining the electrical conductors 2, 4 in a closed volume 8, this volume 8 is filled with an electrical insulating fluid.
  • This fluid can be gaseous, it can usually be sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) or can be liquid, for example oil.
  • SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • the tank 6 is connected to ground, so it is at a zero potential.
  • the conductive elements 2, 4 are intended to conduct the electric current in normal operation and to interrupt it in the event of an incident. For this, the conductive elements 2, 4 are able to be distant from each other by a sufficient distance. It is expected that one of the two elements 2, 4 is axially movable in order to deviate from the other conductive element. In this case, it is the conductive element 2.
  • the circuit breaker also comprises a first 10 and a second 12 corona shield.
  • the corona shields are made of electrically conductive material, for example metallic.
  • the first corona shield 10 covers for example a control mechanism (not shown) for moving the movable conductive member 2
  • the second corona shield 12 covers for example protruding elements, and may form spikes.
  • the corona shields 10, 12 are cylindrical in shape with a circular cross-section, but this is in no way limiting, cylindrical caps with square, prismatic, elliptical or even no axis of symmetry.
  • covers 10, 12 are electrically connected to the electrical conductors 2, 4, and therefore are at the same potential as the conductive elements.
  • Outbreak shields at the potential of the outer casing 6 are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the first corona shield 10 loosely surrounds the movable conductive member 2 and extends over at least a portion of the length of the movable conductive member 2.
  • the cover has a proximal end 10.2 free and a distal end 10.1 fixed on a longitudinal end 14 of the circuit breaker forming a bottom. so that no passage exists between the distal end 10.1 and the conductor 2.
  • the second corona shield 12 surrounds with play the fixed conductive element 4 and extends over at least part of the length of the fixed conductive element 4.
  • the second corona shield 12 has a proximal end 12.2 free and a distal end 12.1 fixed on a longitudinal end 16 of the circuit breaker forming a bottom so that no passage exists between the distal end 12.1 and the driver 4.
  • the corona shield 12 is of conventional type and widely known in the state of the art.
  • the equipotential lines 26 tend to surround the proximal end or tip of the corona shield, to cause an increase in the voltage gradient in this area, and thus to increase the risk of priming.
  • the corona shield 10 is an exemplary embodiment of a hood according to the present invention, it comprises a conductive metal casing 18 of cylindrical shape surrounding with clearance the conductive element and an element of electrical insulating material 20 fixed at the level of the proximal end 10.2 of the cover, on an inner periphery 18.1 of the conductive envelope.
  • This insulating element 20 has a cylindrical shape substantially corresponding to that of the inner periphery of the envelope 18 and protrudes axially from the proximal end 18.2 of the envelope towards the central zone of the volume 8.
  • the insulating element has an L-shaped longitudinal section, the short branch 22 of which is fixed by its free end to the inner periphery 18.1 of the envelope 18 of the corona shield 10 and the long branch 24. extends axially toward the central zone of the volume 8, and the insulating element 20 is not in contact with the downstream zone of the tip 18.2 in the direction of the arrow 26.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the quantity of material required to make the deflector.
  • Electrical equipment comprising at least one deflector in contact with substantially all the inner part of the cover is not beyond the scope of the present invention.
  • This element has the effect of separating the equipotential lines from each other and thereby reduce the voltage gradients. This element deviates these lines of field, and will be designated later deflector.
  • the voltage gradient is equal to the ratio of the voltage difference between two equipotential lines and the distance between these two lines. Consequently, a separation of the equipotential lines causes a reduction of the voltage gradient at this point. This lowering of the gradient takes place at the proximal end of the hood, and therefore reduces the risk of booting at the end of the hood.
  • the proximal end of the envelope 18, seen in section, is delimited by an internal radius R 1 and by an external radius Re connecting along a closed flat curve C, which is, in the case of a tube, a circle.
  • the deflector is limited inside a cylinder whose curve is the curve C.
  • the topography of the equipotential lines is represented in the case of a classic corona shield, such as the cover 12. It can be seen that the equipotential lines in this case are narrower at the proximal end 12.2, the voltage gradient is therefore higher, which is particularly visible on the Figure 4B , where the electric fields 28 'of surface are represented.
  • the maximum value of the voltage gradient obtained by means of the invention ( figure 3A ) is 28.73 KV / mm for a deflector with a dielectric permittivity of 4.
  • the gradient can reach 30.36 kV / mm. Consequently, thanks to the invention, it is possible to reduce the value of the maximum voltage gradient by at least 5%, without increasing the size of the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker comprises two different corona shields, but it is understood that it could include two corona shields according to the present invention depending on the structure of the circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 2 On the figure 2 a second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a movable conductive element 2, a fixed conductive element 4, a vessel 6 connected to ground, and two corona shields 110, 112 each surrounding a conductive element 2, 4 respectively.
  • the corona shields are not fixed on axial bottoms of the circuit breaker, a passage then exists between the conductive elements 2, 4 and the distal and proximal ends of each of the hoods respectively.
  • a peak effect depending on the gaps between the covers and the conductive elements, may occur at both the distal end and the proximal end of each hood.
  • the clearance between the conductive element and the cover is small enough to prevent the appearance of a peak effect, we can omit to put a deflector on this end.
  • the spacing amplitude of the equipotential lines is proportional to the dielectric permittivity of the deflector.
  • the deflector has a permittivity greater than 1 advantageously greater than or equal to 1, 5. In addition the effect of the deflector only increases with the permittivity.
  • the deflector may be made for example of polyepoxide, Araldite® type, rigid PVC, flexible PVC, high density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene type Teflon®, epoxy, methyl methacrylate type Plexiglas®, polyacetal Delrin type ®, polyamide (Nylon® type 6/6), Rilsan (type 11), polycarbonate type Makrolon®, and more generally any dielectric material already used in medium, high and very high voltage electrical equipment.
  • the corona shield according to the present invention may for example be obtained by molding the Araldite® baffle directly on the cap tip.
  • the deflector can be glued to the corona shield or even simply screwed on.
  • FIG 7 another embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen comprising two pairs of conductive elements 102, 104 and 102 ', 104' and surrounding each of the conductors, three corona shields 110, 110 ', 110 '', the cover 110 'being common to the contacts 102 and 104'.
  • Each cover has a pair of deflectors 120, 120 ', 120''respectively.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5C other examples of embodiment of the corona cover according to the present invention can be seen.
  • the deflector 220 comprises a cylinder 220.2, a base 220.1 and a platform 220.3 at the proximal end of the deflector, the platform 220.3 extending radially outwardly.
  • the deflector 320 has substantially the shape of a torus covering the proximal end of the envelope without coming into contact therewith.
  • the toroid has a circular slot 320.1, the radially inner edge 320.2 of which is attached to the inner periphery of the casing of the cover and whose radially outer edge 320.3 is opposite the outer periphery of the cover without coming into contact therewith.
  • the deflector 420 is formed by a half-torus, the radially inner periphery 420.1 is fixed to the inner periphery of the casing and the radially outer periphery 420.2 is disposed substantially facing the proximal end of the casing, remotely of it.
  • FIG. 6A another example of a corona shield according to the present invention with a hexagonal section may be seen comprising a cover 518 and a deflector 520 both of hexagonal section.
  • FIG. 6B another example of a corona cover according to the present invention of ellipsoidal section comprising an envelope 618 and a baffle 620 both of ellipsoidal section can be seen.
  • the envelope and the deflector do not have the same section, for example one of the sections is hexagonal and the other circular.
  • the baffle is disposed inside the cover and borders its inner periphery.
  • the deflector is disposed outside the hood and borders its outer periphery, this, for example in the case where the inner part is the most loaded, which can be the case on crossings. Consequently, electrical equipment comprising at least one corona shield provided with a deflector bordering the outer periphery does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
  • the baffle according to the present invention also has the advantage of being machined to allow the passage of locally insulating parts inside the cover. These machining can have sharp angles without these disturbing the operation of the equipment, i.e. without being the place of phenomenon peak effect. The possibility of making such machining is indeed very advantageous, since such machining is not conceivable directly in the metal spill guard. The addition of the deflectors therefore disturbs the normal operation of the apparatus.
  • the insulating rod acts on the equipotential lines in the same way as the deflector, and further reduces the voltage gradient at the end of the hood.
  • the corona shield according to the present invention makes it possible to reduce the voltage gradients on the corona shields while retaining the same dimensions of the corona shield and the tank cap.
  • the baffle does not require modifying the shape of the existing bumper covers, the invention can therefore be very easily applied without generating significant development cost.
  • the deflector does not increase the outer diameter of the corona shield.
  • the present invention also has the advantage of making it possible to increase the outer radius Re of the proximal end of the casing of the corona cover opposite the tank without increasing the outside diameter of the cap. This makes it possible to lower the maximum voltage gradient significantly and thus to reduce the inside radius of the hood.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Gas Isolierte Schaltanlage, enthaltend einen Behälter (6), der mit einem dielektrischen Medium gefüllt ist, einen spannungsführenden, elektrischen Leiter (2, 4), der innerhalb des Behälters (6) angeordnet ist, zumindest eine Entladungsschutzkappe (12), die zumindest einen Abschnitt des spannungsführenden Leiters (2, 4) umgibt, wobei die Entladungsschutzkappe (12, 112) und zumindest ein freies Ende und eine zylinderförmige Metallkapsel (18) aufweist, die den Leiter umgibt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entladungsschutzkappe (12, 112) auch zumindest einen Deflektor (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) für Äquipotentiallinien aus dielektrischem Material aufweist, der zumindest an den Innenumfang oder an den Außenumfang der Kapsel (18.1) der Entladungsschutzkappe angrenzt und von der Kapsel auf der Seite des freien Endes vorspringt, wobei der Deflektor (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) nicht mit dem freien Ende (18.2) der Kapsel der Entladungsschutzkappe (12, 112) in Kontakt steht.
  2. Schaltanlage nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Entladungsschutzkappe (112) zwei freie Enden aufweist, die jeweils mit einem Deflektor (120) für Äquipotentiallinien versehen sind.
  3. Schaltanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, enthaltend zwei Entladungsschutzkappen.
  4. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der bzw. die Deflektor(en) an die Kapsel der Entladungsschutzkappe in einem Bereich angeschlossen ist / sind, welcher der ersten gekrümmten Fläche vorgelagert ist.
  5. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der bzw. die Deflektor(en) die Form eines Zylinders hat / haben, der mit einem Sockel (22) an einem Ende versehen ist, das innerhalb oder außerhalb der Kapsel (18) der Entladungsschutzkappe (12) aufgenommen ist und mit welchen der bzw. die Deflektor(en) (20) an die Kapsel (19) befestigt ist / sind.
  6. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das bzw. die freien Enden der Kapsel der Entladungsschutzkappe bzw. Entladungsschutzkappen zur Innenseite einer ersten gekrümmten Fläche ausgebildet ist/sind, die einen ersten Radius (Ri) aufweist, sowie zur Außenseite einer zweiten gekrümmten Fläche, die einen zweiten Radius (Re) aufweist, wobei der erste und der zweite Radius (Ri, Re) entlang einer geschlossenen, ebenen Kurve (C) sich aneinander anschließen, wobei der Deflektor (20, 120) in einem imaginären Zylinder enthalten ist, dessen Fläche der geschlossenen, ebenen Kurve folgt.
  7. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das bzw. die freien Enden der Kapsel der Entladungsschutzkappe bzw. Entladungsschutzkappen zur Innenseite einer ersten gekrümmten Fläche ausgebildet ist / sind, die einen ersten Radius (Ri) aufweist, sowie zur Außenseite einer zweiten gekrümmten Fläche, die einen zweiten Radius (Re) aufweist, wobei der erste und der zweite Radius (Ri, Re) entlang einer geschlossenen, ebenen Kurve (C) sich aneinander anschließen, wobei der Deflektor (20, 120) außerhalb eines imaginären Zylinders enthalten ist, dessen Fläche der geschlossenen, ebenen Kurve folgt.
  8. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der bzw. die Deflektoren (220) die Form eines Zylinders hat / haben und eine Plattform (220.3) aufweist / aufweisen, welche das Ende des Zylinders (220.1) überdeckt, das von der Kapsel vorspringt.
  9. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der bzw. die Deflektoren (320) die Forms eines Torus hat/haben, der entlang eines Kreises gespalten ist, das freie Ende bzw. die freien Enden der Kapsel (18) der Entladungsschutzkappe überdeckt und einen Teil des Außenumfangs der Kapsel überdeckt, wobei der Torus auf Abstand von dem Außenumfang der Kapsel gehalten wird.
  10. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der bzw. die Deflektoren (420) die Form eines Halbtorus hat / haben, der das freie Ende bzw. die freien Enden der Kapsel (18) der Entladungsschutzkappe überdeckt.
  11. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei der elektrische Leiter zumindest zwei Kontaktstücke (2, 4) aufweist, von denen zumindest eines gegenüber dem anderen beweglich ist, so dass der Stromdurchfluss unterbrochen wird, so dass ein Schalter gebildet wird.
  12. Schaltanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei der bzw. die Deflektoren (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) aus Polyepoxid vom Typ Araldite®, PVC, Polyethylen hoher Dichte, Polytetrafluorethylen, Epoxid, Methylmethacrylat, Polyacetal, Polyamid oder aus Polykarbonat hergestellt ist / sind.
  13. Schaltanlage nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Deflektor eine Permittivität von über 1, beispielsweise über oder gleich 1,5, hat.
  14. Schaltanlage nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Deflektor an die Kapsel der Entladungsschutzkappe angeformt oder auf diese aufgeklebt ist.
EP20090164735 2008-07-10 2009-07-07 Elektrogeräte unter einer Metallhülle mit reduziertem Spannungsgradienten Not-in-force EP2144263B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0854721A FR2933806B1 (fr) 2008-07-10 2008-07-10 Appareillage electrique sous enveloppe metallique a gradient de tension reduit.

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2144263A1 EP2144263A1 (de) 2010-01-13
EP2144263B1 true EP2144263B1 (de) 2014-11-26

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2966972B1 (fr) 2010-10-27 2013-07-19 Areva T & D Sas Appareillage electrique sous enveloppe metallique comportant au moins un capot pare-effluve assurant des echanges convectifs

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB587491A (en) * 1944-10-05 1947-04-28 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to a.c. electric circuit-breakers of the gas-blast type
JPH0364817A (ja) * 1989-08-01 1991-03-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 高電圧真空絶縁容器
DE19519992C2 (de) * 1995-05-24 2002-03-21 Siemens Ag Schaltstrecke für einen mit einem Löschgas arbeitenden Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter
JP3860553B2 (ja) 2002-11-19 2006-12-20 三菱電機株式会社 ガス絶縁開閉装置

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EP2144263A1 (de) 2010-01-13
FR2933806B1 (fr) 2010-09-03

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