EP2144263B1 - Electrical switchgear in a metal enclosure with reduced voltage gradient - Google Patents

Electrical switchgear in a metal enclosure with reduced voltage gradient Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2144263B1
EP2144263B1 EP20090164735 EP09164735A EP2144263B1 EP 2144263 B1 EP2144263 B1 EP 2144263B1 EP 20090164735 EP20090164735 EP 20090164735 EP 09164735 A EP09164735 A EP 09164735A EP 2144263 B1 EP2144263 B1 EP 2144263B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deflector
jacket
switchgear apparatus
grading shield
free end
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP20090164735
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2144263A1 (en
Inventor
André Cimala
Gwenaël Marquezin
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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Publication of EP2144263A1 publication Critical patent/EP2144263A1/en
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Publication of EP2144263B1 publication Critical patent/EP2144263B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7069—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by special dielectric or insulating properties or by special electric or magnetic field control properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates mainly to medium, high or very high voltage electrical equipment in a metal casing filled with a dielectric fluid, gaseous hexafluoride type (SF 6 ), and more particularly to metal-enclosed electrical equipment fitted with protective caps. fragrances to control electrical gradients.
  • SF 6 gaseous hexafluoride type
  • the metal casing of metal-enclosed electrical equipment such as power or current transformers, armored circuit breakers and metal-encased substations, with moving or stationary parts, is connected to the earth and therefore has a potential equal to 0 V.
  • the conductive part of the electrical equipment is several hundred kilovolts and is isolated from the outer casing by a dielectric fluid, type SF 6 gas or liquid such as oil.
  • This corona shield surrounds the high or medium voltage conductor, and is at a given distance therefrom, this distance depending on the need to pass a tool for mounting or maintenance between the corona shield and the high or medium voltage conductor and / or the presence of connecting rods for moving a moving part.
  • the known fender covers have large radii on the inner part of the tip.
  • the distance between the casing and the outer periphery of the corona shield is limited to a minimum value. Therefore, increasing the curvature of the outer portion of the mouthpiece involves increasing the radius of the envelope.
  • the document US 6,831,828 discloses a metal-enclosed connection apparatus comprising composite corona shields consisting of a metal cylindrical cap and a dielectric material coating covering the entire cap of the corona shield, which coating extends from the inner portion from cylinder to part external. This coating eliminates the tip effect at the tip.
  • this hood has a major disadvantage, which is that of the appearance of a triple point facing the casing of the apparatus at the junction between the metal deflector cover, the coating of dielectric material and the dielectric gas. If a metal particle is near the triple point, there is a high risk of priming. This triple point is also a source of partial discharges.
  • a cylindrical protective cover designed to surround an electrical conductor, comprising an element of electrical insulating material bordering the inner portion or the outer portion of the cap of the corona shield, without cover the free end of the hood.
  • the electrical insulating element has the effect of separating the equipotential lines from each other at the tip of the corona shield, due to the difference in permittivity between the insulating material of the insert element and the fluid dielectric, which decreases the gradients in this area, and therefore reduces the risk of priming at the tip.
  • a hybrid anti-horn cover comprising means for deflecting the equipotential lines at the tip of the corona shield, ie where the risks associated with the appearance of an arc ignition are high.
  • the main subject of the present invention is therefore an electrical equipment in a metal enclosure comprising a vessel filled with a dielectric fluid, a live electrical conductor arranged inside the vessel, at least one deflection shield surrounding at least one portion of the live conductor, said corona shield having a cylindrical metal shell surrounding said conductor and at least one free end, said corona shield also having at least one equipotential line baffle of dielectric material bordering at least the inner periphery or the outer periphery of said envelope of said corona shield and protruding from said casing on the side of the free end, said insulating member not being in contact with the free end of the corona shield.
  • the deflector is disposed on the outer periphery when it is the inner part of the electrical equipment is the most loaded, for example in the case of crossings.
  • the corona shield may have two free ends each provided with a deflector of equipotential lines.
  • it may comprise two corona shields.
  • the deflector (s) is or are connected to the casing of the corona shield in an area upstream of the first curved surface.
  • the deflector (s) is or have the shape of a cylinder provided with a base at one end housed inside or outside the envelope of the corona cover and whereby the deflector (s) is (or are) attached to the envelope.
  • the free end (s) of the envelope (s) of the corona cover (s) is (or are) formed (s) towards the interior of a first curved surface having a first radius and towards the outside a second curved surface having a second radius, the first and second radii being connected in a closed plane curve, the deflector is then advantageously contained in an imaginary cylinder whose surface follows said closed planar curve.
  • the free end (s) of the envelope (s) of the corona cover (s) is (or are) formed towards the inside of a first surface. curve having a first radius and outwardly a second curved surface having a second radius, the first and second spokes connecting in a closed planar curve, the deflector being disposed outside an imaginary cylinder whose surface follows said closed planar curve.
  • the deflector (s) has (have) the shape of a cylinder and comprises (s) a transverse platform covering the end of said cylinder protruding from the envelope.
  • the deflector (s) has (or has) the form of a torus split along a circle, covering the free end or the free ends of the envelope of the corona shield, and covering a portion of the outer periphery of the envelope, the torus being kept at a distance from the outer periphery of the envelope.
  • the deflector (s) has (or have) the shape of a half-torus covering the free end or the free ends of the envelope of the corona shield.
  • the electrical conductor may comprise at least two contacts, at least one of which is movable relative to the other so as to interrupt the passage of the current, so as to form a switch.
  • the material of the deflector (s) is, for example polyepoxide, Araldite ® type, PVC, high density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy, methyl methacrylate, polyacetal, polyamide or polycarbonate.
  • the deflector has, for example a permittivity greater than 1, for example greater than or equal to 1.5.
  • the deflector may be molded onto or adhered to the envelope of the discharge shield.
  • the present invention applies to any electrical apparatus comprising an outer envelope or tank and internal elements under tension, and for which there is a voltage difference between the outer shell and the internal elements, the live elements being surrounded by a or several shields.
  • the electrical equipment to which the invention applies may be power transformers, current transformers, electrical equipment with busbars, with or without moving parts, and any switch intended to interrupt a medium, high or very low current. high tension.
  • FIG. 1 a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen comprising electrically live conductors 2, 4 extending along a longitudinal axis X, a metal vessel 6 sealingly confining the electrical conductors 2, 4 in a closed volume 8, this volume 8 is filled with an electrical insulating fluid.
  • This fluid can be gaseous, it can usually be sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) or can be liquid, for example oil.
  • SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • the tank 6 is connected to ground, so it is at a zero potential.
  • the conductive elements 2, 4 are intended to conduct the electric current in normal operation and to interrupt it in the event of an incident. For this, the conductive elements 2, 4 are able to be distant from each other by a sufficient distance. It is expected that one of the two elements 2, 4 is axially movable in order to deviate from the other conductive element. In this case, it is the conductive element 2.
  • the circuit breaker also comprises a first 10 and a second 12 corona shield.
  • the corona shields are made of electrically conductive material, for example metallic.
  • the first corona shield 10 covers for example a control mechanism (not shown) for moving the movable conductive member 2
  • the second corona shield 12 covers for example protruding elements, and may form spikes.
  • the corona shields 10, 12 are cylindrical in shape with a circular cross-section, but this is in no way limiting, cylindrical caps with square, prismatic, elliptical or even no axis of symmetry.
  • covers 10, 12 are electrically connected to the electrical conductors 2, 4, and therefore are at the same potential as the conductive elements.
  • Outbreak shields at the potential of the outer casing 6 are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the first corona shield 10 loosely surrounds the movable conductive member 2 and extends over at least a portion of the length of the movable conductive member 2.
  • the cover has a proximal end 10.2 free and a distal end 10.1 fixed on a longitudinal end 14 of the circuit breaker forming a bottom. so that no passage exists between the distal end 10.1 and the conductor 2.
  • the second corona shield 12 surrounds with play the fixed conductive element 4 and extends over at least part of the length of the fixed conductive element 4.
  • the second corona shield 12 has a proximal end 12.2 free and a distal end 12.1 fixed on a longitudinal end 16 of the circuit breaker forming a bottom so that no passage exists between the distal end 12.1 and the driver 4.
  • the corona shield 12 is of conventional type and widely known in the state of the art.
  • the equipotential lines 26 tend to surround the proximal end or tip of the corona shield, to cause an increase in the voltage gradient in this area, and thus to increase the risk of priming.
  • the corona shield 10 is an exemplary embodiment of a hood according to the present invention, it comprises a conductive metal casing 18 of cylindrical shape surrounding with clearance the conductive element and an element of electrical insulating material 20 fixed at the level of the proximal end 10.2 of the cover, on an inner periphery 18.1 of the conductive envelope.
  • This insulating element 20 has a cylindrical shape substantially corresponding to that of the inner periphery of the envelope 18 and protrudes axially from the proximal end 18.2 of the envelope towards the central zone of the volume 8.
  • the insulating element has an L-shaped longitudinal section, the short branch 22 of which is fixed by its free end to the inner periphery 18.1 of the envelope 18 of the corona shield 10 and the long branch 24. extends axially toward the central zone of the volume 8, and the insulating element 20 is not in contact with the downstream zone of the tip 18.2 in the direction of the arrow 26.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the quantity of material required to make the deflector.
  • Electrical equipment comprising at least one deflector in contact with substantially all the inner part of the cover is not beyond the scope of the present invention.
  • This element has the effect of separating the equipotential lines from each other and thereby reduce the voltage gradients. This element deviates these lines of field, and will be designated later deflector.
  • the voltage gradient is equal to the ratio of the voltage difference between two equipotential lines and the distance between these two lines. Consequently, a separation of the equipotential lines causes a reduction of the voltage gradient at this point. This lowering of the gradient takes place at the proximal end of the hood, and therefore reduces the risk of booting at the end of the hood.
  • the proximal end of the envelope 18, seen in section, is delimited by an internal radius R 1 and by an external radius Re connecting along a closed flat curve C, which is, in the case of a tube, a circle.
  • the deflector is limited inside a cylinder whose curve is the curve C.
  • the topography of the equipotential lines is represented in the case of a classic corona shield, such as the cover 12. It can be seen that the equipotential lines in this case are narrower at the proximal end 12.2, the voltage gradient is therefore higher, which is particularly visible on the Figure 4B , where the electric fields 28 'of surface are represented.
  • the maximum value of the voltage gradient obtained by means of the invention ( figure 3A ) is 28.73 KV / mm for a deflector with a dielectric permittivity of 4.
  • the gradient can reach 30.36 kV / mm. Consequently, thanks to the invention, it is possible to reduce the value of the maximum voltage gradient by at least 5%, without increasing the size of the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker comprises two different corona shields, but it is understood that it could include two corona shields according to the present invention depending on the structure of the circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 2 On the figure 2 a second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a movable conductive element 2, a fixed conductive element 4, a vessel 6 connected to ground, and two corona shields 110, 112 each surrounding a conductive element 2, 4 respectively.
  • the corona shields are not fixed on axial bottoms of the circuit breaker, a passage then exists between the conductive elements 2, 4 and the distal and proximal ends of each of the hoods respectively.
  • a peak effect depending on the gaps between the covers and the conductive elements, may occur at both the distal end and the proximal end of each hood.
  • the clearance between the conductive element and the cover is small enough to prevent the appearance of a peak effect, we can omit to put a deflector on this end.
  • the spacing amplitude of the equipotential lines is proportional to the dielectric permittivity of the deflector.
  • the deflector has a permittivity greater than 1 advantageously greater than or equal to 1, 5. In addition the effect of the deflector only increases with the permittivity.
  • the deflector may be made for example of polyepoxide, Araldite® type, rigid PVC, flexible PVC, high density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene type Teflon®, epoxy, methyl methacrylate type Plexiglas®, polyacetal Delrin type ®, polyamide (Nylon® type 6/6), Rilsan (type 11), polycarbonate type Makrolon®, and more generally any dielectric material already used in medium, high and very high voltage electrical equipment.
  • the corona shield according to the present invention may for example be obtained by molding the Araldite® baffle directly on the cap tip.
  • the deflector can be glued to the corona shield or even simply screwed on.
  • FIG 7 another embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen comprising two pairs of conductive elements 102, 104 and 102 ', 104' and surrounding each of the conductors, three corona shields 110, 110 ', 110 '', the cover 110 'being common to the contacts 102 and 104'.
  • Each cover has a pair of deflectors 120, 120 ', 120''respectively.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5C other examples of embodiment of the corona cover according to the present invention can be seen.
  • the deflector 220 comprises a cylinder 220.2, a base 220.1 and a platform 220.3 at the proximal end of the deflector, the platform 220.3 extending radially outwardly.
  • the deflector 320 has substantially the shape of a torus covering the proximal end of the envelope without coming into contact therewith.
  • the toroid has a circular slot 320.1, the radially inner edge 320.2 of which is attached to the inner periphery of the casing of the cover and whose radially outer edge 320.3 is opposite the outer periphery of the cover without coming into contact therewith.
  • the deflector 420 is formed by a half-torus, the radially inner periphery 420.1 is fixed to the inner periphery of the casing and the radially outer periphery 420.2 is disposed substantially facing the proximal end of the casing, remotely of it.
  • FIG. 6A another example of a corona shield according to the present invention with a hexagonal section may be seen comprising a cover 518 and a deflector 520 both of hexagonal section.
  • FIG. 6B another example of a corona cover according to the present invention of ellipsoidal section comprising an envelope 618 and a baffle 620 both of ellipsoidal section can be seen.
  • the envelope and the deflector do not have the same section, for example one of the sections is hexagonal and the other circular.
  • the baffle is disposed inside the cover and borders its inner periphery.
  • the deflector is disposed outside the hood and borders its outer periphery, this, for example in the case where the inner part is the most loaded, which can be the case on crossings. Consequently, electrical equipment comprising at least one corona shield provided with a deflector bordering the outer periphery does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
  • the baffle according to the present invention also has the advantage of being machined to allow the passage of locally insulating parts inside the cover. These machining can have sharp angles without these disturbing the operation of the equipment, i.e. without being the place of phenomenon peak effect. The possibility of making such machining is indeed very advantageous, since such machining is not conceivable directly in the metal spill guard. The addition of the deflectors therefore disturbs the normal operation of the apparatus.
  • the insulating rod acts on the equipotential lines in the same way as the deflector, and further reduces the voltage gradient at the end of the hood.
  • the corona shield according to the present invention makes it possible to reduce the voltage gradients on the corona shields while retaining the same dimensions of the corona shield and the tank cap.
  • the baffle does not require modifying the shape of the existing bumper covers, the invention can therefore be very easily applied without generating significant development cost.
  • the deflector does not increase the outer diameter of the corona shield.
  • the present invention also has the advantage of making it possible to increase the outer radius Re of the proximal end of the casing of the corona cover opposite the tank without increasing the outside diameter of the cap. This makes it possible to lower the maximum voltage gradient significantly and thus to reduce the inside radius of the hood.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE ET ART ANTÉRIEURTECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART

La présente invention se rapporte principalement à un appareillage électrique moyenne, haute ou très haute tension sous enveloppe métallique remplie d'un fluide diélectrique, type hexafluorure gazeux (SF6), et plus particulièrement à des appareillages électriques sous enveloppe métallique munis de capots pare-effluves permettant de contrôler les gradients électriques.The present invention relates mainly to medium, high or very high voltage electrical equipment in a metal casing filled with a dielectric fluid, gaseous hexafluoride type (SF 6 ), and more particularly to metal-enclosed electrical equipment fitted with protective caps. fragrances to control electrical gradients.

L'enveloppe métallique des appareillages électriques sous enveloppe métallique, tels que les transformateurs de puissance ou de courant, les disjoncteurs blindés et les postes sous enveloppes métalliques, avec des pièces mobiles ou fixes, est reliée à la terre et a donc un potentiel égal à 0 V.The metal casing of metal-enclosed electrical equipment, such as power or current transformers, armored circuit breakers and metal-encased substations, with moving or stationary parts, is connected to the earth and therefore has a potential equal to 0 V.

La partie conductrice de l'appareillage électrique se trouve à plusieurs centaines de kilovolts et est isolée de l'enveloppe extérieure par un fluide diélectrique, type gaz SF6 ou liquide comme de l'huile.The conductive part of the electrical equipment is several hundred kilovolts and is isolated from the outer casing by a dielectric fluid, type SF 6 gas or liquid such as oil.

Il existe donc des gradients de tension importants au sein de l'appareillage électrique. Plus particulièrement, au niveau des zones présentant une forme acérée ou plus généralement en pointe, il apparaît un effet de pointe, c'est-à-dire qu'au niveau de la pointe le champ électrique tend vers l'infini, ce qui va contribuer à l'ionisation du gaz et ainsi à l'amorçage d'un éventuel arc électrique.There are therefore significant voltage gradients in the electrical equipment. More particularly, at the level of the zones having a sharp shape or more generally in tip, it appears a peak effect, that is to say that at the point of the point the electric field tends towards infinity, this which will contribute to the ionization of the gas and thus the initiation of a possible electric arc.

Pour cela, il est connu de disposer autour des conducteurs haute ou moyenne tension au niveau des ces zones acérée des capots pare-effluves de forme cylindrique recouvrant ces zones et en contact avec celles-ci, pour éviter cet effet de pointe. Le capot est réalisé en métal et est à la tension de l'appareillage électrique. Les capots pare-effluves recouvrent en particulier les mécanismes destinés à déplacer un contact mobile, ces mécanismes comprenant de bielles, ou tout élément formant une saillie risquant de provoquer un amorçage du fait du champ électrique important au niveau de cette saillie.For this, it is known to dispose around the high or medium voltage conductors in these sharp zones cylindrical shields cored cylindrical covering these areas and in contact therewith, to avoid this peak effect. The hood is made of metal and is at the voltage of the electrical equipment. The corona shields cover in particular the mechanisms for moving a movable contact, these mechanisms comprising connecting rods, or any element forming a projection may cause a priming due to the large electric field at this projection.

Ce capot pare-effluve entoure le conducteur haute ou moyenne tension, et se trouve à une distance donnée de celui-ci, cette distance dépendant de la nécessité de faire passer un outillage pour le montage ou la maintenance entre le capot pare-effluve et le conducteur haute ou moyenne tension et/ou la présence de bielles pour le déplacement d'une partie mobile.This corona shield surrounds the high or medium voltage conductor, and is at a given distance therefrom, this distance depending on the need to pass a tool for mounting or maintenance between the corona shield and the high or medium voltage conductor and / or the presence of connecting rods for moving a moving part.

Or, du fait de l'existence d'un tel jeu entre le capot et le conducteur haute ou moyenne tension, plus particulièrement entre l'embout du capot pare-effluve, les lignes d'équipotentielles ont tendance à pénétrer dans cet espace libre entre l'embout et le conducteur haute ou moyenne tension, à entourer l'embout du capot pare-effluve, se concentrant ainsi autour de l'embout du capot pare-effluve, un effet de pointe peut alors apparaître et provoquer l'amorçage d'un arc électrique.However, because of the existence of such a clearance between the cover and the high or medium voltage conductor, more particularly between the cap of the corona cover, the equipotential lines tend to penetrate into this free space between the nozzle and the high or medium voltage conductor, to surround the tip of the corona shield, thus concentrating around the tip of the corona shield, a peak effect can then appear and cause the priming of an electric arc.

Par conséquent, plus l'espace entre le conducteur haute et moyenne tension et le capot pare-effluve est important plus le gradient de tension autour de l'embout du capot est difficile à maîtriser.Therefore, the larger the gap between the high and medium voltage conductors and the corona shield, the greater the voltage gradient around the hood tip is difficult to control.

Or, cette distance ne peut être réduite ou alors de manière non significative pour supprimer le risque d'amorçage.However, this distance can not be reduced or so insignificantly to eliminate the risk of priming.

Afin de réduire les gradients de tension entre l'embout des capots pare-effluves et l'enveloppe, il est envisageable d'augmenter le rayon de courbure de l'embout du capot, diminuant ainsi l'effet de pointe. Cependant, les capots pare-effluves connus présentent des rayons importants sur la partie interne de l'embout. Or, la distance entre l'enveloppe et la périphérie extérieure du capot pare-effluve est limitée à une valeur minimale. Par conséquent, une augmentation de la courbure de la partie externe de l'embout implique d'augmenter le rayon de l'enveloppe. Or, on cherche à limiter l'encombrement global des appareillages électriques.In order to reduce the voltage gradients between the tip of the corona shields and the casing, it is possible to increase the radius of curvature of the hood tip, thus reducing the peak effect. However, the known fender covers have large radii on the inner part of the tip. However, the distance between the casing and the outer periphery of the corona shield is limited to a minimum value. Therefore, increasing the curvature of the outer portion of the mouthpiece involves increasing the radius of the envelope. However, it seeks to limit the overall size of electrical equipment.

Par conséquent, la conception actuelle des capots pare-effluves impose des limites physiques aux valeurs minimales des gradients de tension.Therefore, the current design of the corona shields imposes physical limits on the minimum values of the voltage gradients.

Le document US 6 831 828 décrit un appareillage de connexion sous enveloppe métallique comportant des capots pare-effluves composites constitués d'un capot cylindrique métallique et d'un revêtement en matériau diélectrique recouvrant tout l'embout du capot pare-effluve, ce revêtement s'étendant de la partie interne du cylindre à la partie externe. Ce revêtement permet de supprimer l'effet de pointe au niveau de l'embout.The document US 6,831,828 discloses a metal-enclosed connection apparatus comprising composite corona shields consisting of a metal cylindrical cap and a dielectric material coating covering the entire cap of the corona shield, which coating extends from the inner portion from cylinder to part external. This coating eliminates the tip effect at the tip.

Cependant ce capot a un inconvénient majeur, qui est celui de l'apparition d'un point triple faisant face à l'enveloppe de l'appareillage au niveau de la jonction entre le capot pare-effluve métallique, le revêtement en matériau diélectrique et le gaz diélectrique. Si une particule métallique se trouve à proximité du point triple, il y a un fort risque d'amorçage. Ce point triple est également source de décharges partielles.However, this hood has a major disadvantage, which is that of the appearance of a triple point facing the casing of the apparatus at the junction between the metal deflector cover, the coating of dielectric material and the dielectric gas. If a metal particle is near the triple point, there is a high risk of priming. This triple point is also a source of partial discharges.

C'est par conséquent un but de la présente invention d'offrir un capot pare-effluve permettant d'abaisser à des valeurs minimales les gradients de tension existants entre la partie conductrice et l'enveloppe, afin d'offrir un appareillage électrique de fonctionnement sûr et d'encombrement limité.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a corona shield for lowering to minimum values the voltage gradients existing between the conductive portion and the casing, to provide electrical operating apparatus. safe and limited space.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

Le but énoncé ci-dessus est atteint par un capot pare-effluve de forme cylindrique destiné à entourer un conducteur électrique, comportant un élément en matériau isolant électrique bordant la partie interne ou la partie externe de l'embout du capot pare-effluve, sans recouvrir l'extrémité libre du capot.The purpose stated above is achieved by a cylindrical protective cover designed to surround an electrical conductor, comprising an element of electrical insulating material bordering the inner portion or the outer portion of the cap of the corona shield, without cover the free end of the hood.

L'élément isolant électrique a pour effet d'écarter les lignes équipotentielles les unes des autres au niveau de l'embout du capot pare-effluve, du fait de la différence de permittivité entre la matière isolante électrique de l'élément rapporté et le fluide diélectrique, ce qui diminue les gradients au niveau de cette zone, et donc réduit les risques d'amorçage au niveau de l'embout.The electrical insulating element has the effect of separating the equipotential lines from each other at the tip of the corona shield, due to the difference in permittivity between the insulating material of the insert element and the fluid dielectric, which decreases the gradients in this area, and therefore reduces the risk of priming at the tip.

En d'autres termes, on réalise un capot pare-effluve hybride, comportant des moyens pour dévier les lignes équipotentielles au niveau de l'embout du capot pare-effluve, i.e. à l'endroit où les risques liés à l'apparition d'un amorçage d'arc électrique sont élevés.In other words, there is provided a hybrid anti-horn cover, comprising means for deflecting the equipotential lines at the tip of the corona shield, ie where the risks associated with the appearance of an arc ignition are high.

La présente invention a alors principalement pour objet un appareillage électrique sous enveloppe métallique comportant une cuve remplie d'un fluide diélectrique, un conducteur électrique sous tension disposé à l'intérieur de la cuve, au moins un capot pare-effluve entourant au moins une portion du conducteur sous tension, ledit capot pare-effluve comportant une enveloppe métallique de forme cylindrique entourant ledit conducteur et au moins une extrémité libre, ledit capot pare-effluve comportant également au moins un déflecteur de lignes équipotentielles en matériau diélectrique bordant au moins la périphérie intérieure ou la périphérie extérieure de ladite enveloppe dudit capot pare-effluve et faisant saillie de ladite enveloppe du côté de l'extrémité libre, ledit élément isolant n'étant pas en contact avec l'extrémité libre du capot pare-effluve.The main subject of the present invention is therefore an electrical equipment in a metal enclosure comprising a vessel filled with a dielectric fluid, a live electrical conductor arranged inside the vessel, at least one deflection shield surrounding at least one portion of the live conductor, said corona shield having a cylindrical metal shell surrounding said conductor and at least one free end, said corona shield also having at least one equipotential line baffle of dielectric material bordering at least the inner periphery or the outer periphery of said envelope of said corona shield and protruding from said casing on the side of the free end, said insulating member not being in contact with the free end of the corona shield.

Le déflecteur est disposé sur la périphérie extérieure lorsque c'est la partie intérieure de l'appareillage électrique est la plus chargée, par exemple dans le cas de traversées.The deflector is disposed on the outer periphery when it is the inner part of the electrical equipment is the most loaded, for example in the case of crossings.

Le capot pare-effluve peut comporter deux extrémités libres munies chacune d'un déflecteur de lignes équipotentielles.The corona shield may have two free ends each provided with a deflector of equipotential lines.

Suivant la structure de l'appareillage électrique, celui-ci peut comporter deux capots pare-effluves.Depending on the structure of the electrical equipment, it may comprise two corona shields.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, le ou les déflecteur(s) est ou sont raccordés à l'enveloppe du capot pare-effluve dans une zone en amont de la première surface courbe.In an exemplary embodiment, the deflector (s) is or are connected to the casing of the corona shield in an area upstream of the first curved surface.

Dans un autre exemple de réalisation, le ou les déflecteur(s) a ou ont la forme d'un cylindre muni d'une embase à une extrémité logée à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe du capot pare-effluve et par laquelle le ou les déflecteur(s) est (ou sont) fixé(s) à l'enveloppe.In another embodiment, the deflector (s) is or have the shape of a cylinder provided with a base at one end housed inside or outside the envelope of the corona cover and whereby the deflector (s) is (or are) attached to the envelope.

La ou les extrémité(s) libres de l'enveloppe du ou des capot(s) pare-effluve est (ou sont) formée(s) vers l'intérieur d'une première surface courbe présentant un premier rayon et vers l'extérieur une deuxième surface courbe présentant un deuxième rayon, les premier et deuxième rayons se raccordant selon une courbe plane fermée, le déflecteur est alors avantageusement contenu dans un cylindre imaginaire dont la surface suit ladite courbe plane fermée.The free end (s) of the envelope (s) of the corona cover (s) is (or are) formed (s) towards the interior of a first curved surface having a first radius and towards the outside a second curved surface having a second radius, the first and second radii being connected in a closed plane curve, the deflector is then advantageously contained in an imaginary cylinder whose surface follows said closed planar curve.

Dans un autre exemple de réalisation, la ou les extrémité(s) libre(s) de l'enveloppe du ou des capot (s) pare-effluve est (ou sont) formée(s) vers l'intérieur d'une première surface courbe présentant un premier rayon et vers l'extérieur une deuxième surface courbe présentant un deuxième rayon, les premier et deuxième rayons se raccordant selon une courbe plane fermée, le déflecteur étant disposé à l'extérieur d'un un cylindre imaginaire dont la surface suit ladite courbe plane fermée.In another exemplary embodiment, the free end (s) of the envelope (s) of the corona cover (s) is (or are) formed towards the inside of a first surface. curve having a first radius and outwardly a second curved surface having a second radius, the first and second spokes connecting in a closed planar curve, the deflector being disposed outside an imaginary cylinder whose surface follows said closed planar curve.

Dans une variante de réalisation, le ou les déflecteur(s) a (ont) la forme d'un cylindre et comporte(nt) une plateforme transversale recouvrant l'extrémité dudit cylindre faisant saillie de l'enveloppe.In an alternative embodiment, the deflector (s) has (have) the shape of a cylinder and comprises (s) a transverse platform covering the end of said cylinder protruding from the envelope.

Dans une autre variante de réalisation, le ou les déflecteurs a (ou ont) la forme d'un tore fendu le long d'un cercle, recouvrant l'extrémité libre ou les extrémités libres de l'enveloppe du capot pare-effluve, et recouvrant un partie de la périphérie externe de l'enveloppe, le tore étant maintenu à distance de la périphérie externe de l'enveloppe.In another variant embodiment, the deflector (s) has (or has) the form of a torus split along a circle, covering the free end or the free ends of the envelope of the corona shield, and covering a portion of the outer periphery of the envelope, the torus being kept at a distance from the outer periphery of the envelope.

Dans une autre variante de réalisation, le ou les déflecteur(s) a (ou ont) la forme d'un demi-tore recouvrant l'extrémité libre ou les extrémités libres de l'enveloppe du capot pare-effluve.In another variant embodiment, the deflector (s) has (or have) the shape of a half-torus covering the free end or the free ends of the envelope of the corona shield.

Le conducteur électrique peut comporter au moins deux contacts dont un au moins est mobile par rapport à l'autre de manière à interrompre le passage du courant, de sorte à former un interrupteur.The electrical conductor may comprise at least two contacts, at least one of which is movable relative to the other so as to interrupt the passage of the current, so as to form a switch.

Le matériau du ou des déflecteur(s) est, par exemple en polyépoxyde, de type Araldite ®, en PVC, en polyéthylène haute densité, en polytétrafluoéthylène, en époxy, en méthacrylate de méthyle, en polyacétale, en polyamide ou en polycarbonate.The material of the deflector (s) is, for example polyepoxide, Araldite ® type, PVC, high density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy, methyl methacrylate, polyacetal, polyamide or polycarbonate.

Le déflecteur a, par exemple une permittivité supérieure à 1, par exemple supérieure ou égale à 1,5.The deflector has, for example a permittivity greater than 1, for example greater than or equal to 1.5.

Le déflecteur peut être moulé sur l'enveloppe du capot pare-effluve ou collé sur celle-ci.The deflector may be molded onto or adhered to the envelope of the discharge shield.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre et des dessins en annexe, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale schématique d'un exemple de réalisation d'un disjoncteur selon la présente invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale schématique d'un autre exemple de réalisation d'un disjoncteur selon la présente invention,
  • les figures 3A et 3B sont des vues agrandies d'un exemple d'un embout d'un capot pare-effluve selon la présente invention sur lesquelles sont représentés les lignes équipotentielles et les champs électriques en surface respectivement,
  • les figures 4A et 4B sont des vues agrandies d'un embout d'un capot pare-effluve de l'état de la technique sur lesquelles sont représentés les lignes équipotentielles et les champs électriques en surface respectivement,
  • les figures 5A à 5C sont des représentations schématiques de détail de capot pare-effluve selon différents exemples de réalisation,
  • les figures 6A et 6B sont des vues d'une extrémité longitudinale de capots pare-effluves selon différents exemples de réalisation,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en coupe longitudinale partielle d'un autre disjoncteur entier selon la présente invention comportant trois capots pare-effluve.
The present invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows and the attached drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention,
  • the figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention,
  • the Figures 3A and 3B are enlarged views of an example of a tip of a corona shield according to the present invention on which are represented the equipotential lines and the electric fields at the surface respectively,
  • the Figures 4A and 4B are enlarged views of a tip of a corona shield of the state of the art on which are represented the equipotential lines and the electric fields on the surface respectively,
  • the FIGS. 5A to 5C are schematic representations of the detail of the corona cover according to various embodiments,
  • the Figures 6A and 6B are views of a longitudinal end of corona shields according to various embodiments,
  • the figure 7 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of another complete circuit breaker according to the present invention comprising three corona shields.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

La description qui va suivre va porter principalement sur un disjoncteur sous enveloppe métallique afin d'expliquer l'invention, et ceci à des fins de simplicité et de clarté, mais il est bien entendu que la présente invention s'applique à tout appareillage électrique moyenne, haute ou très haute tension sous enveloppe métalliques.The following description will focus on a circuit breaker in a metal envelope to explain the invention, and this for the sake of simplicity and clarity, but it is understood that the present invention applies to any electrical equipment average , high or very high voltage in metal casings.

La présente invention s'applique à tout appareillage électrique comportant une enveloppe externe ou cuve et des éléments internes sous tension, et pour lesquels il existe une différence de tension entre l'enveloppe externe et les éléments internes, les éléments sous tension étant entourés par un ou plusieurs capots pare-effluves.The present invention applies to any electrical apparatus comprising an outer envelope or tank and internal elements under tension, and for which there is a voltage difference between the outer shell and the internal elements, the live elements being surrounded by a or several shields.

Les appareillages électriques auxquels s'appliquent l'invention peuvent être des transformateurs de puissance, des transformateurs de courant, des appareillages électriques avec jeux de barres, avec ou sans pièces mobiles, et tout interrupteur destiné à interrompre un courant sous moyenne, haute ou très haute tension.The electrical equipment to which the invention applies may be power transformers, current transformers, electrical equipment with busbars, with or without moving parts, and any switch intended to interrupt a medium, high or very low current. high tension.

Sur la figure 1, on peut voir une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un exemple de réalisation d'un disjoncteur selon la présente invention comportant des conducteurs électriques 2, 4 sous tension s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal X, une cuve métallique 6 confinant de manière étanche les conducteurs électriques 2, 4 dans un volume clos 8, ce volume 8 est rempli d'un fluide isolant électrique. Ce fluide peut être gazeux, de manière courante il peut s'agir d'hexafluorure de soufre (SF6) ou peut être liquide, par exemple de l'huile.On the figure 1 , a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen comprising electrically live conductors 2, 4 extending along a longitudinal axis X, a metal vessel 6 sealingly confining the electrical conductors 2, 4 in a closed volume 8, this volume 8 is filled with an electrical insulating fluid. This fluid can be gaseous, it can usually be sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) or can be liquid, for example oil.

La cuve 6 est reliée à la masse, elle est donc à un potentiel nul.The tank 6 is connected to ground, so it is at a zero potential.

Dans cet exemple, nous considérons que les différentes pièces décrites ont une forme de révolution autour de l'axe X, mais ceci n'est en aucun cas limitatif, et toute pièce ayant une autre forme entre dans le cadre de la présente invention.In this example, we consider that the various parts described have a shape of revolution around the X axis, but this is in no way limiting, and any part having another form is within the scope of the present invention.

Les éléments conducteurs 2, 4 sont destinés à conduire le courant électrique en fonctionnement normal et à l'interrompre en cas d'incident. Pour cela, les éléments conducteurs 2, 4 sont aptes à être éloignés l'un de l'autre d'une distance suffisante. On prévoit qu'un des deux éléments 2, 4 est mobile axialement afin de s'écarter de l'autre élément conducteur. Dans ce cas, il s'agit de l'élément conducteur 2.The conductive elements 2, 4 are intended to conduct the electric current in normal operation and to interrupt it in the event of an incident. For this, the conductive elements 2, 4 are able to be distant from each other by a sufficient distance. It is expected that one of the two elements 2, 4 is axially movable in order to deviate from the other conductive element. In this case, it is the conductive element 2.

Le disjoncteur comporte également un premier 10 et un deuxième 12 capot pare-effluve. Les capots pare-effluves sont réalisés en matériau conducteur électrique, par exemple métallique. Le premier capot pare-effluve 10 recouvre par exemple un mécanisme de commande (non représenté) de déplacement de l'élément conducteur mobile 2, et le deuxième capot pare-effluve 12 recouvre par exemple des éléments en saillie, et susceptibles de former des pointes.The circuit breaker also comprises a first 10 and a second 12 corona shield. The corona shields are made of electrically conductive material, for example metallic. The first corona shield 10 covers for example a control mechanism (not shown) for moving the movable conductive member 2, and the second corona shield 12 covers for example protruding elements, and may form spikes.

Dans l'exemple représenté, les capots pare-effluve 10, 12 sont de forme cylindrique à section circulaire, mais cela n'est en aucun cas limitatif, on pourrait prévoir des capots cylindrique à section carré, prismatique, elliptique, ou même ne présentant pas d'axe de symétrie.In the example shown, the corona shields 10, 12 are cylindrical in shape with a circular cross-section, but this is in no way limiting, cylindrical caps with square, prismatic, elliptical or even no axis of symmetry.

Nous considérons également que les capots 10, 12 sont électriquement reliés aux conducteurs électriques 2, 4, et donc se trouvent au même potentiel que les éléments conducteurs. Des capots pare-effluves au potentiel de l'enveloppe externe 6 entrent également dans le cadre de la présente invention.We also consider that the covers 10, 12 are electrically connected to the electrical conductors 2, 4, and therefore are at the same potential as the conductive elements. Outbreak shields at the potential of the outer casing 6 are also within the scope of the present invention.

Le premier capot pare-effluve 10 entoure avec jeu l'élément conducteur mobile 2 et s'étend sur une partie au moins de la longueur de l'élément conducteur mobile 2.The first corona shield 10 loosely surrounds the movable conductive member 2 and extends over at least a portion of the length of the movable conductive member 2.

Nous désignerons dans la suite de la description, toute extrémité longitudinale orientée du côté d'une zone centrale du volume 8, par extrémité proximale, et toute extrémité orientée en éloignement de cette zone centrale, par extrémité distale.In the remainder of the description, reference will be made to any longitudinal end oriented on the side of a central zone of volume 8, by a proximal end, and any end oriented away from this central zone, by distal end.

Dans cet exemple de réalisation, le capot comporte une extrémité proximale 10.2 libre et une extrémité distale 10.1 fixée sur une extrémité longitudinale 14 du disjoncteur formant un fond de sorte qu'aucun passage n'existe entre l'extrémité distale 10.1 et le conducteur 2.In this embodiment, the cover has a proximal end 10.2 free and a distal end 10.1 fixed on a longitudinal end 14 of the circuit breaker forming a bottom. so that no passage exists between the distal end 10.1 and the conductor 2.

Le deuxième capot pare-effluve 12 entoure avec jeu l'élément conducteur fixe 4 et s'étend sur une partie au moins de la longueur de l'élément conducteur fixe 4.The second corona shield 12 surrounds with play the fixed conductive element 4 and extends over at least part of the length of the fixed conductive element 4.

Dans cet exemple de réalisation, le deuxième capot pare-effluve 12 comporte une extrémité proximale 12.2 libre et une extrémité distale 12.1 fixée sur une extrémité longitudinale 16 du disjoncteur formant un fond de sorte qu'aucun passage n'existe entre l'extrémité distale 12.1 et le conducteur 4.In this embodiment, the second corona shield 12 has a proximal end 12.2 free and a distal end 12.1 fixed on a longitudinal end 16 of the circuit breaker forming a bottom so that no passage exists between the distal end 12.1 and the driver 4.

Le capot pare-effluve 12 est de type classique et largement connu de l'état de la technique.The corona shield 12 is of conventional type and widely known in the state of the art.

Comme on peut le voir, sur la figure 3A, du fait de l'existence d'un passage entre le capot pare-effluve 10 et l'élément conducteur 2, ce passage étant par exemple prévu pour la mise en place du mécanisme de commande de l'élément mobile 2, les lignes équipotentielles 26 ont tendance à entourer l'extrémité proximale ou embout du capot pare-effluve, à provoquer une augmentation du gradient de tension dans cette zone, et donc à augmenter le risque d'amorçage.As can be seen, on the figure 3A , because of the existence of a passage between the corona shield 10 and the conductive element 2, this passage being for example provided for the introduction of the control mechanism of the movable element 2, the equipotential lines 26 tend to surround the proximal end or tip of the corona shield, to cause an increase in the voltage gradient in this area, and thus to increase the risk of priming.

Le capot pare-effluve 10 est un exemple de réalisation d'un capot selon la présente invention, celui-ci comporte une enveloppe métallique conductrice 18 de forme cylindrique entourant avec jeu l'élément conducteur et une élément en matériau isolant électrique 20 fixé au niveau de l'extrémité proximale 10.2 du capot, sur une périphérie intérieure 18.1 de l'enveloppe conductrice.The corona shield 10 is an exemplary embodiment of a hood according to the present invention, it comprises a conductive metal casing 18 of cylindrical shape surrounding with clearance the conductive element and an element of electrical insulating material 20 fixed at the level of the proximal end 10.2 of the cover, on an inner periphery 18.1 of the conductive envelope.

Cet élément isolant 20 présente une forme cylindrique correspondant sensiblement à celle de périphérie intérieure de l'enveloppe 18 et fait saillie axialement de l'extrémité proximale 18.2 de l'enveloppe en direction de la zone centrale du volume 8.This insulating element 20 has a cylindrical shape substantially corresponding to that of the inner periphery of the envelope 18 and protrudes axially from the proximal end 18.2 of the envelope towards the central zone of the volume 8.

Dans l'exemple représenté, l'élément isolant présente une section longitudinale en forme de L dont la branche courte 22 est fixée par son extrémité libre à la périphérie intérieure 18.1 de l'enveloppe 18 du capot pare-effluve 10 et la branche longue 24 s'étend axialement vers la zone centrale du volume 8, ainsi l'élément isolant 20 n'est pas en contact avec la zone aval de la pointe 18.2 dans le sens de la flèche 26. Cette réalisation permet de réduire la quantité de matière requise pour fabriquer le déflecteur.In the example shown, the insulating element has an L-shaped longitudinal section, the short branch 22 of which is fixed by its free end to the inner periphery 18.1 of the envelope 18 of the corona shield 10 and the long branch 24. extends axially toward the central zone of the volume 8, and the insulating element 20 is not in contact with the downstream zone of the tip 18.2 in the direction of the arrow 26. This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the quantity of material required to make the deflector.

Un appareillage électrique comportant au moins un déflecteur en contact avec pratiquement toute la partie interne du capot ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention.Electrical equipment comprising at least one deflector in contact with substantially all the inner part of the cover is not beyond the scope of the present invention.

Cet élément a pour effet d'écarter les lignes équipotentielles les unes des autres et, par là, de réduire les gradients de tension. Cet élément dévie ces lignes de champ, et sera désigné par la suite déflecteur.This element has the effect of separating the equipotential lines from each other and thereby reduce the voltage gradients. This element deviates these lines of field, and will be designated later deflector.

Sur la figure 3A est représentée la topographie des lignes équipotentielles obtenue grâce à la présente invention. Sur la figure 3A, on constate que grâce à la présence du déflecteur 20, les lignes équipotentielles 26 sont écartées les unes des autres dans le déflecteur 20.On the figure 3A The topography of the equipotential lines obtained by virtue of the present invention is represented. On the figure 3A it can be seen that, thanks to the presence of the deflector 20, the equipotential lines 26 are spaced from each other in the deflector 20.

Nous rappelons que le gradient de tension est égal au rapport de la différence de tension entre deux lignes équipotentielles et de la distance entre ces deux lignes. Par conséquent, un écartement des lignes équipotentielles provoque une réduction du gradient de tension à cet endroit. Cet abaissement du gradient a lieu au niveau de l'extrémité proximale du capot, et réduit donc les risques d'amorçage en bout de capot.We recall that the voltage gradient is equal to the ratio of the voltage difference between two equipotential lines and the distance between these two lines. Consequently, a separation of the equipotential lines causes a reduction of the voltage gradient at this point. This lowering of the gradient takes place at the proximal end of the hood, and therefore reduces the risk of booting at the end of the hood.

L'extrémité proximale de l'enveloppe 18, vue en coupe, est délimitée par un rayon interne Ri et par un rayon externe Re se reliant le long d'une courbe C plane fermée, qui est, dans le cas d'un tube, un cercle. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le déflecteur est limité à l'intérieur d'un cylindre dont la courbe est la courbe C.The proximal end of the envelope 18, seen in section, is delimited by an internal radius R 1 and by an external radius Re connecting along a closed flat curve C, which is, in the case of a tube, a circle. In a particularly advantageous manner, the deflector is limited inside a cylinder whose curve is the curve C.

Sur la figure 3B, sont représentés les champs électriques 28 en surface correspondant à la répartition des lignes équipotentielles représentées sur la figure 3A.On the figure 3B , are represented the electric fields 28 at the surface corresponding to the distribution of the equipotential lines represented on the figure 3A .

A titre de comparaison, sur la figure 4A est représentée la topographie des lignes équipotentielles dans le cas d'un capot pare-effluve classique, comme le capot 12. On constate que les lignes équipotentielles dans ce cas sont plus resserrées au niveau de l'extrémité proximale 12.2, le gradient de tension est donc plus élevé, ce qui est particulièrement visible sur la figure 4B, où sont représentés les champs électriques 28' de surface.For comparison, on the Figure 4A the topography of the equipotential lines is represented in the case of a classic corona shield, such as the cover 12. It can be seen that the equipotential lines in this case are narrower at the proximal end 12.2, the voltage gradient is therefore higher, which is particularly visible on the Figure 4B , where the electric fields 28 'of surface are represented.

A titre d'exemple, dans le cas d'une tension de tenue au choc de foudre de 2100 kV, la valeur maximale du gradient de tension obtenue grâce à l'invention (figure 3A) est de 28,73 KV/mm pour un déflecteur dont la permittivité diélectrique est égale à 4. Dans le cas d'un capot pare-effluve classique, le gradient peut atteindre 30,36 kV/mm. Par conséquent, grâce à l'invention, on peut réduire d'au moins 5 % la valeur du gradient de tension maximal, et ceci sans augmenter l'encombrement du disjoncteur.By way of example, in the case of a 2100 kV lightning impulse voltage, the maximum value of the voltage gradient obtained by means of the invention ( figure 3A ) is 28.73 KV / mm for a deflector with a dielectric permittivity of 4. In the case of a conventional corona shield, the gradient can reach 30.36 kV / mm. Consequently, thanks to the invention, it is possible to reduce the value of the maximum voltage gradient by at least 5%, without increasing the size of the circuit breaker.

Dans l'exemple représenté, le disjoncteur comporte deux capots pare-effluves différents, mais il est bien entendu qu'il pourrait comporter deux capots pare-effluves selon la présente invention en fonction de la structure du disjoncteur.In the example shown, the circuit breaker comprises two different corona shields, but it is understood that it could include two corona shields according to the present invention depending on the structure of the circuit breaker.

Par ailleurs, un appareillage électrique ne comportant qu'un capot pare-effluve entre également dans le cadre de la présente invention.Furthermore, electrical equipment having only a corona shield also falls within the scope of the present invention.

Sur la figure 2, on peut voir un deuxième exemple de réalisation d'un disjoncteur selon la présente invention.On the figure 2 a second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen.

Les références de la figure 1 seront utilisées pour désigner des éléments identiques ou similaires du disjoncteur de la figure 2.The references of the figure 1 will be used to designate identical or similar elements of the circuit breaker of the figure 2 .

Le disjoncteur comporte un élément conducteur mobile 2, un élément conducteur fixe 4, une cuve 6 reliée à la masse, et deux capots pare-effluves 110, 112 entourant chacun un élément conducteur 2, 4 respectivement.The circuit breaker comprises a movable conductive element 2, a fixed conductive element 4, a vessel 6 connected to ground, and two corona shields 110, 112 each surrounding a conductive element 2, 4 respectively.

A la différence du premier exemple de la figure 1, les capots pare-effluves ne sont pas fixés sur des fonds axiaux du disjoncteur, un passage existe alors entre les éléments conducteurs 2, 4 et les extrémités distale et proximale de chacun des capots respectivement.Unlike the first example of the figure 1 , the corona shields are not fixed on axial bottoms of the circuit breaker, a passage then exists between the conductive elements 2, 4 and the distal and proximal ends of each of the hoods respectively.

Dans cette configuration, un effet de pointe, en fonction des jeux entre les capots et les éléments conducteurs, peut apparaître au niveau à la fois de l'extrémité distale et de l'extrémité proximale de chaque capot. Pour cela, on prévoit dans l'exemple représenté de disposer un déflecteur 120, à chacune des extrémités distale et proximale pour écarter les lignes équipotentielles. Cependant, si au niveau d'une des extrémités du capot, le jeu entre l'élément conducteur et le capot est suffisamment faible pour éviter l'apparition d'un effet de pointe, on peut omettre de mettre un déflecteur sur cette extrémité.In this configuration, a peak effect, depending on the gaps between the covers and the conductive elements, may occur at both the distal end and the proximal end of each hood. For this, provision is made in the example shown to have a deflector 120 at each of the distal and proximal ends to separate the equipotential lines. However, if at one of the ends of the cover, the clearance between the conductive element and the cover is small enough to prevent the appearance of a peak effect, we can omit to put a deflector on this end.

L'amplitude d'écartement des lignes équipotentielles est proportionnelle à la permittivité diélectrique du déflecteur. Le déflecteur a une permittivité supérieure à 1 avantageusement supérieure ou égale à 1, 5. De plus l'effet du déflecteur ne fait qu'augmenter avec la permittivité.The spacing amplitude of the equipotential lines is proportional to the dielectric permittivity of the deflector. The deflector has a permittivity greater than 1 advantageously greater than or equal to 1, 5. In addition the effect of the deflector only increases with the permittivity.

Le déflecteur peut être réalisé par exemple en polyépoxyde, de type Araldite®, en PVC rigide, en PVC souple, en polyéthylène haute densité, en polytétrafluoéthylène de type Téflon®, en époxy, en méthacrylate de méthyle type Plexiglas®, en polyacétale type Delrin®, en polyamide (Nylon® type 6/6), en Rilsan (type 11), en polycarbonate type Makrolon®, et plus généralement en tout matériau diélectrique déjà utilisé dans les appareillages électriques moyenne, haute et très haute tension.The deflector may be made for example of polyepoxide, Araldite® type, rigid PVC, flexible PVC, high density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene type Teflon®, epoxy, methyl methacrylate type Plexiglas®, polyacetal Delrin type ®, polyamide (Nylon® type 6/6), Rilsan (type 11), polycarbonate type Makrolon®, and more generally any dielectric material already used in medium, high and very high voltage electrical equipment.

On peut également envisager de réaliser le déflecteur en araldite chargée, ou en Epoxy chargé avec du ZnO en charge.One can also consider making the deflector charged araldite, or Epoxy loaded with ZnO load.

Le capot pare-effluve selon la présente invention peut par exemple être obtenu par moulage du déflecteur en Araldite® directement sur l'embout du capot. Le déflecteur peut être collé sur le capot pare-effluve ou même simplement vissé.The corona shield according to the present invention may for example be obtained by molding the Araldite® baffle directly on the cap tip. The deflector can be glued to the corona shield or even simply screwed on.

Celui-ci peut même emmanché à force dans le capot.It can even forced into the hood.

Sur la figure 7, on peut voir un autre exemple de réalisation d'un disjoncteur selon la présente invention comportant deux paires d'éléments conducteurs 102, 104 et 102', 104' et entourant chacun des conducteurs, trois capots pare-effluves 110, 110', 110'', le capot 110' étant commun aux contacts 102 et 104'. Chaque capot comporte une paire de déflecteurs 120, 120', 120'' respectivement.On the figure 7 another embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the present invention can be seen comprising two pairs of conductive elements 102, 104 and 102 ', 104' and surrounding each of the conductors, three corona shields 110, 110 ', 110 '', the cover 110 'being common to the contacts 102 and 104'. Each cover has a pair of deflectors 120, 120 ', 120''respectively.

Sur les figures 5A à 5C, on peut voir d'autres exemples de réalisation de capot pare-effluve selon la présente invention.On the FIGS. 5A to 5C other examples of embodiment of the corona cover according to the present invention can be seen.

Sur la figure 5A, le déflecteur 220 comporte un cylindre 220.2, une embase 220.1 et une plateforme 220.3 au niveau de l'extrémité proximale du déflecteur, la plateforme 220.3 s'étendant radialement vers l'extérieur.On the Figure 5A , the deflector 220 comprises a cylinder 220.2, a base 220.1 and a platform 220.3 at the proximal end of the deflector, the platform 220.3 extending radially outwardly.

Sur la figure 5B, le déflecteur 320 a sensiblement la forme d'un tore recouvrant l'extrémité proximale de l'enveloppe sans entrer en contact avec celle-ci. Le tore comporte une fente 320.1 circulaire, dont le bord radialement intérieur 320.2 est fixé à la périphérie interne de l'enveloppe du capot et dont le bord radialement extérieur 320.3 est en regard de la périphérie externe du capot sans entrer en contact avec celle-ci. Ainsi un jeu est ménagé entre la face intérieure du tore et l'enveloppe, formant ainsi une coquille.On the Figure 5B , the deflector 320 has substantially the shape of a torus covering the proximal end of the envelope without coming into contact therewith. The toroid has a circular slot 320.1, the radially inner edge 320.2 of which is attached to the inner periphery of the casing of the cover and whose radially outer edge 320.3 is opposite the outer periphery of the cover without coming into contact therewith. Thus a game is formed between the inner face of the torus and the envelope, thus forming a shell.

Sur la figure 5C, le déflecteur 420 est formé par un demi-tore, la périphérie radialement intérieure 420.1 est fixée à la périphérie interne de l'enveloppe et la périphérie radialement extérieure 420.2 est disposée sensiblement en regard de l'extrémité proximale de l'enveloppe, à distance de celle-ci.On the Figure 5C , the deflector 420 is formed by a half-torus, the radially inner periphery 420.1 is fixed to the inner periphery of the casing and the radially outer periphery 420.2 is disposed substantially facing the proximal end of the casing, remotely of it.

Sur la figure 6A, on peut voir un autre exemple de capot pare-effluve selon la présente invention à section hexagonale comportant un capot 518 et un déflecteur 520 tous deux de section hexagonale.On the Figure 6A another example of a corona shield according to the present invention with a hexagonal section may be seen comprising a cover 518 and a deflector 520 both of hexagonal section.

Sur la figure 6B, on peut voir un autre exemple de capot pare-effluve selon la présente invention de section ellipsoïdale comportant une enveloppe 618 et un déflecteur 620 tous deux de section ellipsoïdale.On the Figure 6B another example of a corona cover according to the present invention of ellipsoidal section comprising an envelope 618 and a baffle 620 both of ellipsoidal section can be seen.

On pourrait prévoir que l'enveloppe et le déflecteur n'aient pas la même section, par exemple l'une des sections est hexagonale et l'autre circulaire.It could be expected that the envelope and the deflector do not have the same section, for example one of the sections is hexagonal and the other circular.

Dans les exemples représentés, le déflecteur est disposé à l'intérieur du capot et borde sa périphérie intérieure. Cependant, on peut envisager que le déflecteur soit disposé à l'extérieur du capot et borde sa périphérie extérieure, ceci, par exemple dans le cas où c'est la partie intérieure qui est la plus chargée, ce qui peut être le cas sur des traversées. Par conséquent un appareillage électrique comportant au moins un capot pare-effluve muni d'un déflecteur bordant la périphérie extérieure ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention.In the examples shown, the baffle is disposed inside the cover and borders its inner periphery. However, it is conceivable that the deflector is disposed outside the hood and borders its outer periphery, this, for example in the case where the inner part is the most loaded, which can be the case on crossings. Consequently, electrical equipment comprising at least one corona shield provided with a deflector bordering the outer periphery does not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Le déflecteur selon la présente invention présente par ailleurs l'avantage de pouvoir être usiné pour permettre le passage localement de pièces isolantes à l'intérieur du capot. Ces usinages peuvent présenter des angles vifs sans que ceux-ci ne perturbent le fonctionnement de l'appareillage, i.e. sans être le lieu de phénomène à effet de pointe. La possibilité de réaliser de tels usinages est effectivement très avantageux, puisque de tels usinages ne sont pas concevables directement dans le capot pare-effluve métallique. L'ajout des déflecteurs ne perturbe donc par le fonctionnement normal de l'appareillage.The baffle according to the present invention also has the advantage of being machined to allow the passage of locally insulating parts inside the cover. These machining can have sharp angles without these disturbing the operation of the equipment, i.e. without being the place of phenomenon peak effect. The possibility of making such machining is indeed very advantageous, since such machining is not conceivable directly in the metal spill guard. The addition of the deflectors therefore disturbs the normal operation of the apparatus.

Par exemple, on peut prévoir de faire passer une bielle isolante sous le capot pare-effluve juste en dessous du capot métallique, celle-ci traversant la matière isolante du déflecteur. Avantageusement, la bielle isolante agit sur les lignes équipotentielles de la même façon que le déflecteur, et réduit encore le gradient de tension en bout de capot.For example, it is expected to pass an insulating rod under the corona cover just below the metal cap, the latter through the insulating material of the baffle. Advantageously, the insulating rod acts on the equipotential lines in the same way as the deflector, and further reduces the voltage gradient at the end of the hood.

Le capot pare-effluve selon la présente invention permet de réduire les gradients de tension sur les capots pare-effluves tout en conservant les mêmes dimensions de capot pare-effluve et de cuve.The corona shield according to the present invention makes it possible to reduce the voltage gradients on the corona shields while retaining the same dimensions of the corona shield and the tank cap.

Par ailleurs, le déflecteur n'impose pas de modifier la forme des capots pare-effluves existants, l'invention peut donc être très facilement appliquée sans engendrer de coût de développement important.Moreover, the baffle does not require modifying the shape of the existing bumper covers, the invention can therefore be very easily applied without generating significant development cost.

Par ailleurs, le déflecteur n'augmente pas le diamètre extérieur du capot pare-effluve.Furthermore, the deflector does not increase the outer diameter of the corona shield.

La présente invention présente également l'avantage de permettre d'augmenter le rayon extérieur Re de l'extrémité proximale de l'enveloppe du capot pare-effluve en regard de la cuve sans augmenter le diamètre extérieur du capot. Ceci permet de baisser le gradient de tension maximal significativement et donc de réduire le rayon intérieur du capot.The present invention also has the advantage of making it possible to increase the outer radius Re of the proximal end of the casing of the corona cover opposite the tank without increasing the outside diameter of the cap. This makes it possible to lower the maximum voltage gradient significantly and thus to reduce the inside radius of the hood.

A l'inverse, on peut également réduire la distance entre la cuve et le capot pare-effluve en réduisant le diamètre de la cuve et en conservant un diamètre de capot fixé, sans augmenter les risques d'amorçage. L'encombrement de l'appareillage électrique est alors réduit tout en offrant une qualité de fonctionnement équivalente à celle des appareillages de type connu plus encombrants.Conversely, it is also possible to reduce the distance between the tank and the corona cover by reducing the diameter of the tank and maintaining a fixed hood diameter, without increasing the risks of priming. The size of the electrical equipment is then reduced while providing an equivalent quality of operation to that of larger known type of equipment.

Claims (14)

  1. Gas insulated switchgear apparatus having a chamber (6) filled with a dielectric fluid, a live conductor (2, 4) disposed inside the chamber (6), at least one grading shield (12) surrounding at least a portion of the live conductor (2, 4), said grading shield (12, 112) comprising a cylindrical metal jacket (18) surrounding said conductor and having at least one free end, characterized in that said grading shield (12, 112) further includes at least one deflector (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) for deflecting equipotential lines and made of dielectric material, said at least one deflector bounding at least the outer periphery of said jacket (18.1) of said grading shield and projecting from said jacket (18) on the same side as the free end, said deflector (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) being out of physical contact with the free end (18.2) of the jacket of the grading shield (12, 112).
  2. Switchgear apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the grading shield (112) has two free ends, each with a deflector (120) for deflecting equipotential lines.
  3. Switchgear apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, having two grading shields.
  4. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the or each deflector meets the jacket g of said grading shield in a zone upstream of the first curved surface.
  5. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the or each deflector is in the form of a cylinder having a base portion (22) and an end portion fitted on the inside or the outside of the jacket (18) of said grading shield (12) by means of which the or each deflector (20) is secured to the jacket (18).
  6. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims to 5, wherein the or each free end of the jacket of the or each said grading shield has, on the inside, a first curved surface having a first radius (Ri), and, on the outside, a second curved surface having a second radius (Re), the first and second radii (Ri, Re) being joined together to define a closed flat curve (C), the deflector (20, 120) being contained in an imaginary cylinder the surface of which follows said closed flat curve.
  7. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims to 5, wherein the or each free end of the jacket of the or each said grading shield has, on the inside, a first curved surface having a first radius (Ri), and, on the outside, a second curved surface having a second radius (Re), the first and second radii (Ri, Re) being joined together to define a closed flat curve (C), the deflector (20, 120) being disposed on the outside of an imaginary cylinder the surface of which follows said closed flat curve.
  8. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the or each deflector (220) is in the form of a cylinder and includes a flat flange (220.3) overlying the end of said cylinder (220.1) that projects from the jacket.
  9. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the or each deflector (320) is in the form of a torus slotted along a circle, the torus overlying the or each free end of the jacket (18) of said grading shield, and further overlying a portion of the outer periphery of the jacket, the torus being held away from the outer periphery of the jacket.
  10. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the or each deflector (420) is in the form of a half-torus overlying the or each free end of the jacket (18) of said grading shield.
  11. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said conductor includes at least two contacts (2, 4), at least one of which is movable relative to the other whereby to interrupt the flow of current, so constituting a switch.
  12. Switchgear apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein the or each deflector (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) is made of polyepoxide, of the ARALDITE (Registered Trade Mark) type, or of PVC, or of high density polyethylene, or polytetrafluorethylene, or epoxy, or methyl methacrylate, or polyacetal, or polyamide, or polycarbonate.
  13. Switchgear apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the deflector has a permittivity greater than 1, being for example greater than or equal to 1.5.
  14. Switchgear apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the deflector is molded, or adhesively bonded, on the jacket of said grading shield.
EP20090164735 2008-07-10 2009-07-07 Electrical switchgear in a metal enclosure with reduced voltage gradient Not-in-force EP2144263B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0854721A FR2933806B1 (en) 2008-07-10 2008-07-10 ELECTRICAL DEVICE UNDER METAL ENVELOPE WITH REDUCED VOLTAGE GRADIENT.

Publications (2)

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EP2144263A1 EP2144263A1 (en) 2010-01-13
EP2144263B1 true EP2144263B1 (en) 2014-11-26

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EP20090164735 Not-in-force EP2144263B1 (en) 2008-07-10 2009-07-07 Electrical switchgear in a metal enclosure with reduced voltage gradient

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EP (1) EP2144263B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2933806B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2966972B1 (en) 2010-10-27 2013-07-19 Areva T & D Sas METALLIC ENVELOPE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE PARE-EFFLUVE HOOD PROVIDING CONVICTIVE EXCHANGES

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB587491A (en) * 1944-10-05 1947-04-28 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to a.c. electric circuit-breakers of the gas-blast type
JPH0364817A (en) * 1989-08-01 1991-03-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp High voltage vacuum insulation vessel
DE19519992C2 (en) * 1995-05-24 2002-03-21 Siemens Ag Switching section for a high-voltage circuit breaker working with an extinguishing gas
JP3860553B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2006-12-20 三菱電機株式会社 Gas insulated switchgear

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FR2933806B1 (en) 2010-09-03
EP2144263A1 (en) 2010-01-13

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