Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/22—Electrodes
  • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/22—Electrodes
  • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
  • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
  • H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/22—Electrodes
  • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
  • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
  • H01G11/40—Fibres
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/22—Electrodes
  • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
  • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
  • H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
  • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
  • H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
  • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
  • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
  • H01M4/806—Nonwoven fibrous fabric containing only fibres
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
  • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/22—Electrodes
  • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
  • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
  • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
  • H01M4/72—Grids
  • H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity

Definitions

• the invention relates to a layer electrode for electrochemical components with a large number of fibers.
• the invention relates to a capacitor with the layer electrode.
• electrochemical double-layer capacitors are known, the electrodes of which are activated carbon cloths.
• the known cloths consist of threads that are cross-woven. Weaving the towels is an expensive process, which makes them difficult to manufacture.
• the known carbon sheets have the disadvantage that they have a relatively large thickness between 250 microns and 600 microns. With a fixed capacitor volume, this means that only a small number of electrode layers can be introduced into the capacitor volume. With this number of electrode layers, there is also the one available for contacting the carbon cloths with the AI conductors
• the production of the cloths from interwoven threads has the disadvantage that the density of carbon is relatively low due to the cavities formed during the weaving, which means that the volume-related capacity of a capacitor made from the cloths is relatively low.
• the aim of the present invention is therefore to provide layer electrodes for electrochemical components which have a rings have layer thickness and which are inexpensive to produce.
• the invention specifies a layer electrode for electrochemical components which contains a multiplicity of fibers, all of which run at least in sections in a preferred direction next to one another and in which the fibers are connected to one another by adhesion.
• the layer electrode according to the invention has the advantage that it is possible to dispense with the weaving of fibers or threads due to the fibers running side by side in a single preferred direction. As a result, the layer electrode according to the invention is inexpensive to produce. Since the fibers are also connected to one another by adhesion, it is no longer necessary to superimpose and interweave fibers to produce the cohesion of the elements of the layer electrode, as a result of which it is possible to use much smaller layer thicknesses for the layer electrode, namely layer thicknesses between 10 and 500 ⁇ m.
• the fibers can be activated carbon fibers, which are present as a strand (also known as "tow”).
• the number of layer electrodes that can be introduced into a capacitor with a given capacitor volume increases. Since the area available for contacting the layer electrode is predetermined by the area of the layer thickness, and since the totality of the contact resistances for a capacitor can be represented by a parallel connection of individual contact resistances, which each represent individual layer electrodes, the contact resistance and thus the ohmic losses of a capacitor decrease with increasing number of layer electrodes.
• the adhesion of the fibers to one another can be created, for example, by piercing a strand of fibers from needles with barbs transverse to the fiber direction. After pulling out such needles again, some fiber sections deviate from the preferred direction and are hooked together. This creates the mechanical cohesion within the layer electrode.
• the proportion of fibers having fiber sections deviating from the preferred direction is a maximum of 20%, so that the fiber strand differs significantly from a nonwoven, where the individual fibers have no preferred direction.
• a number of fibers can be stranded together and thus form a yarn.
• This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the mechanical cohesion transverse to the preferred direction is improved in comparison to the non-stranded fibers.
• the embodiment of the layer electrode according to the invention has the further advantage that it enables an increased material density compared to fibers that are woven together, as a result of which electrochemical double-layer capacitors produced with the layer electrode can have an increased capacitance.
• the fibers used are preferably plastics which are converted to carbon fibers by pyrolysis (also known as carbonization) and subsequent activation of the surface.
• the fibers can be sewn with a sewing thread either before pyrolysis and activation of the plastic raw material or only after activation. All materials that do not impair the electrical properties of the electrochemical component are suitable as materials for the sewing thread.
• the electrochemical component is an electrochemical double-layer capacitor, polypropylene, polyethylene or Teflon, for example, are suitable as sewing thread.
• sewing threads with a thickness between 10 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m are preferably used.
• the sewing thread can consist of a single fiber or a thread.
• the cohesion of the fibers within the layer electrode can also be promoted in that a material which promotes adhesion between the fibers is applied to the surface of the layer electrode.
• the adhesion of the material mediating between the fibers can be introduced into the layer electrode in places.
• the cohesion of the fibers in the layer electrode can be produced or produced by polymer additives.
• Possible polymer additives are, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl difluoride and tetrafluoropolyethylene.
• the polymer additives are preferably added with a weight fraction between 2 and 20% based on the carbon content of the layer electrode.
• the use of a metal as the material mediating the adhesion between the fibers has the advantage that it can simultaneously be used for contacting the layer electrode.
• Metals such as aluminum or copper, can also be brought onto or into the layer electrode by flame spraying, arc spraying or vapor deposition. It is also possible to press a layer electrode into a foil made of softened metal, which can be caused by electrical heating, convection heat, radiant heat or also induction heat or heating with adjacent heating surfaces or
• Heating rollers is heated.
• Plastics which contain Cg rings can be used particularly advantageously as the raw material for the fibers. These plastics can be pyrolyzed by heating in the absence of air or in an atmosphere with a low oxygen content, so that they are almost completely in Convert carbon. This process is also known as carbonization.
• the surface of the fibers can be activated by etching processes. The etching can be carried out by gas treatment, for example using CO2 or H2O, and also chemically or electrochemically. By activating the fibers, the surfaces of the fibers are greatly enlarged. For example, a specific surface area of 3000 m 2 / g can be generated from a specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g.
• phenol aldehyde fibers cellulose fibers, pitch, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives or else polyacrylonitrile can be used as raw materials for the fibers.
• the invention also specifies an electrochemical capacitor which contains a capacitor winding with two layer electrodes according to the invention.
• the layer electrodes are impregnated with an ion-containing liquid and separated from one another by a separating layer.
• the separating layer electrically isolates the layer electrodes from one another and is permeable to the ions and the liquid.
• Each of the layer electrodes is connected to a contacting layer, which allow the layer electrodes to be electrically contacted via an external connection of the capacitor.
• the capacitor In this case, the winding can in particular be designed as a layer stack of pairs of electrode layers lying one above the other.
• the contacting layers can have connection lugs which are led out of the layer stack on one side and contacted with an external connection of the capacitor.
• Figure 1 shows an example of a layer electrode according to the invention in a perspective view.
• Figure 2 shows an example of a first embodiment of the mechanical stabilization of a layer electrode in plan view.
• Figure 3 shows an example of a further embodiment of the mechanical stabilization of a layer electrode in a schematic cross section.
• FIG. 4 shows a layer electrode according to the invention, on the surface of which a material that promotes adhesion between the fibers is applied in a schematic cross section.
• FIG. 5 shows an example of a capacitor winding of a capacitor in a schematic cross section.
• FIG. 1 shows a layer electrode according to the invention with fibers 1 running in a preferred direction.
• the preferred direction is marked with the arrow.
• Each fiber 1 is in direct contact with an adjacent fiber 1, which is particularly advantageous for the material density.
• FIG. 2 shows * the cohesion between fibers 1, as indicated by a deviation from the preferred direction (by an arrow characterized) extending fiber sections 2, which are hooked together, is produced.
• the fibers 1 are twisted into a yarn 5.
• FIG. 3 shows fibers 1 of a thickness D which lie next to one another in a single layer and which are sewn together by means of a sewing thread 3.
• the sewing thread 3 can be significantly thinner than the fibers 1, whereby the sewing of the fibers 1 does not result in a significant increase in layer thickness for the layer electrode. It should be noted that the distance between the fibers is shown enlarged for the purpose of explaining the sewing.
• FIG. 4 shows a layer electrode 6, which is produced from a strand of adjacent fibers 1 according to FIG. 1 by spot-coating an aluminum metal on the surface, which forms a material 4 that mediates the adhesion between the fibers 1.
• the vapor deposition may only take place in places, otherwise the fibers would have a too small free and thus active surface.
• the layer thickness d of the layer electrode 6 is 50 ⁇ m in the example according to FIG. 4. Fibers 1 with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m were used.
• FIG. 5 shows the part of a layer winding of an electrochemical double-layer capacitor with layer electrodes 6, which are separated from one another by a separating layer 7.
• the layer electrodes 6 are impregnated with an electrolyte.
• the insulating separating layer 7 is permeable to the ions of the ion-containing electrolyte.
• the electrode layers 6 can be electrically contacted laterally by means of the contacting layers 8, in particular by means of their contact tabs 9 projecting beyond the layer electrodes 6.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
• Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7678609

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2001
  • 2001-03-23 DE DE2001114107 patent/DE10114107A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2002
  • 2002-02-12 US US10/472,742 patent/US20040241411A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-02-12 AU AU2002242628A patent/AU2002242628A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-02-12 EP EP02708238A patent/EP1370488A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-02-12 WO PCT/DE2002/000507 patent/WO2002078023A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2002-02-12 CN CNA028070887A patent/CN1610647A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-02-12 JP JP2002575969A patent/JP2004527118A/ja not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events