Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C53/14—Twisting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
  • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
  • B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
  • Y10T428/2931—Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
  • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
  • Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
  • Y10T428/2976—Longitudinally varying

Definitions

• the invention relates to a reinforcing bar for mineral building materials, in particular for concrete, and a method for its production.
• Components such as B. ceilings or beams must absorb pressure, tensile and shear forces. For this reason, such components are usually made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete. Concrete is subjected to pressure and steel to tension. The bars or necessary for the reinforcement or reinforcement of the concrete. Up to now, wires have mainly been made from steel. Steel has the advantage that it is chemically compatible with concrete. A disadvantage, however, is the susceptibility to corrosion due to rust formation. If rust occurs, the concrete flakes off the reinforcing bar, which can lead to damage and destruction. This requires constant inspection and repair of reinforced concrete structures.
• the object of the invention is to develop a reinforcing bar for mineral building materials, in particular for concrete, which is easy to manufacture and securely anchored in the building material and which can be transported and assembled without risk of damage.
• the combinations of features specified in claims 1 and 15 are proposed.
• Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the dependent claims.
• the reinforcing rod is formed by a fiber-reinforced plastic strand which has a central elongated strand core and a plurality of strand ribs which are arranged at an angular distance from one another and which extend over the length of the strand core and which protrude in cross-section in a star or cross shape the core axis are continuously helically twisted.
• the strand ribs expediently project over the core surface by at least one rib width corresponding to the core diameter.
• the helical winding of the strand ribs results in a form-fitting anchoring of the reinforcing bars in the concrete.
• the reinforcing fibers are designed as longitudinal fibers that run continuously along the strand and are aligned axially parallel in the core area and in the rib area in the upward direction of the strand ribs.
• the individual reinforcing fibers formed as longitudinal fibers in the rib region expediently run at a constant distance from the core axis.
• the strand is additionally reinforced with transverse or circumferential fibers, at least in the area of the strand ribs.
• the transverse fibers prevent the grooves between the strand ribs from buckling or sagging when the reinforcing bars are stacked on top of one another during transport and when walking on. Due to the helically twisted strand ribs, contact points are formed at sufficiently short intervals when the bars are layered one on top of the other, which ensure that no deformation occurs under load. The latter is also in the assembled state important if the reinforcing bars are laid criss-cross.
• the transverse fibers in the reinforcing bars have the function of tensile reinforcement
• the transverse fibers have the function of kink reinforcement.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the strand ribs are arranged at equal angular distances from one another and that the strand ribs are twisted with a constant pitch. In principle, however, it is also possible to twist the strand ribs along the strand with a variable pitch.
• the pitch angle of the strand ribs relative to the core axis can be set and optimized within relatively wide limits. It is expediently between 15 and 75 °, preferably 30 to 50 °.
• the longitudinal and transverse fibers suitably form a woven or non-woven fabric.
• the reinforcing fibers are advantageously selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, high-strength polyethylene fibers, basalt fibers, natural fibers or from a mixture of these fibers. Because of the chemical compatibility with concrete, the reinforcing fibers are expediently chosen as carbon fibers near the surface of the strand, while the cheaper glass fibers and the like can also be used in deeper layers of the interior of the strand.
• the plastic matrix of the strand can consist of a thermosetting polymer material, preferably from the group of epoxy resin, polyester resin, vinyl resin.
• the plastic matrix made of a thermoplastic, preferably from the group polyamide (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate ( PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyetherimide (PEI), styrene polymer (ABS), polyether ether ketones (PEEK).
• the method for producing the reinforcing bars according to the invention essentially consists in twisting and cutting a fiber-reinforced plastic strand with a star-shaped or cruciform cross-section in a helical manner.
• a prefabricated, plate, tape or tube-shaped starting material made of fiber-reinforced plastic is formed, preferably folded, to form a cross-shaped or star-shaped strand, and then twisted and cured helically. It is particularly advantageous if the sheet, strip or hose material containing a thermoplastic as a binder matrix is shaped into the fiber-reinforced plastic strand under the action of pressure and heat. At least two layers of different fiber materials can be used in the production of the fiber reinforcement in the plate, tape or tube-shaped starting material, an outer layer advantageously consisting of carbon fibers.
• Fig. 1a and b a cross-section reinforcing bar before and after the helical twist in a graphical
• Fig. 2a to c a plate or ribbon-shaped starting material (Fig. 2a) and a tubular starting material (Fig. 2b) for Production of a cross-shaped twisted reinforcing bar (Fig. 2c) in a diagrammatic, partially broken representation.
• the reinforcing bars shown in the drawing are intended for the reinforcement of concrete components.
• the reinforcing rod 10 consists of a fiber-reinforced strand of plastic which has a central, elongated strand core 12 and a plurality of strand ribs 14 which are arranged at an angular distance from one another over the length of the strand core and which project in a star or cross shape in cross section.
• the starting product is, for example, the strand structure 10 ′ shown in FIG. 1 a, the strand ribs 14 of which are twisted helically around the core axis 16 in the same direction and with the same pitch to form the reinforcement rod shown in FIG. 1 b.
• Some of the reinforcing fibers are designed as longitudinal fibers 18. In the end product according to FIG.
• the longitudinal fibers 18 in the core region run parallel to the core axis 16, while in the region of the strand ribs 14 they are aligned parallel to the ribs, that is to say in the direction of slope of the strand ribs 14.
• the individual longitudinal fibers 18 in the rib region have a constant distance from the core axis 16 over their entire length.
• the longitudinal fibers 18 within the reinforcing rod 10 have the primary task of absorbing tensile forces.
• the twisting of the strand ribs 14 results in a stable positive fit within the concrete, which despite the otherwise smooth surface of the reinforcing bar prevents the reinforcing bar 10 from being released from the bond with the surrounding concrete.
• the reinforcing fibers 20 runs essentially transversely to the longitudinal fibers 18 within the strand structure. This is also the case in the region of the strand ribs 14.
• the cross fibers 20 form a kink reinforcement, the transverse forces acting on the reinforcing bar 10 can absorb to reduce the risk of kinking.
• the pitch angle of the strand ribs 14 is approximately 30 to 40 ° relative to the core axis 16. Since a total of four strand ribs are provided here, when the reinforcing bars are stacked on top of one another, there are sufficiently short support lengths between two support points, which counteract a load or when a deflection is caused.
• FIG. 2a to c indicate schematically that for the production of the reinforcing bars with a cross-shaped cross-section, plate-like or band-shaped starting material 10 "(FIG. 2a) or tubular starting material 10 '" (FIG. 2b) can also be used.
• the plate-like or band-shaped starting material 10 ′′ There are various possibilities for the production of the plate-like or band-shaped starting material 10 ′′.
• roll trusion process individual threads, fabrics or scrims are pre-impregnated and passed through a roller press. A thin strip is produced which is still relevant for the purposes relevant here This is why several tapes have to be placed on top of one another and connected to one another by heating and fusing. Tapes with different reinforcing inserts such as carbon fiber or glass can also be used.
• the tapes prefabricated in this way are finally heated, folded into a cross and
• One disadvantage of this procedure is the relatively slow production speed, and only high-quality thermoplastics, such as polyamides, can be used for the binder matrix.
• plate material Another possibility for the production of plate material is that prefabricated fabrics and scrims are impregnated with a binder and fed to a double belt press.
• the fabrics or scrims can be combined from different fibers and made of relatively thick be educated.
• the result is an endless plate material 10 ", which can be deformed and twisted, for example, into the desired cross shape at elevated temperature.
• Thermoplastic from the group polyamide (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyetherimide can be used as binders (PEI), styrene polymer (ABS), polyether ether ketones (PEEK)
• PA polyamide
• PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
• PPS polyphenylene sulfide
• PP polypropylene
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PBT polybutylene terephthalate
• PES polyetherimide
• the material is first heated up in the double belt press and gradually cooled over the length of the press, so that material that has already hardened comes out at the end in the high production speed, including the variability in the fibers and in the binder materials allow cost optimization.
• impregnated continuous fibers are pulltruded over a mandrel. This can be done in several stages, and a cross winding can also be applied after each process stage.
• a tube 10 '"with longitudinal and transverse fibers is obtained, the fibers also being able to be made of different materials, such as carbon fibers on the outside and glass on the inside.
• the tube is then subsequently heated, pressed to the cross and twisted.
• impregnated braided hoses made of the desired fiber material can also be used for the manufacture of the hoses.
• Braided hoses are first produced in the form of a fiber hose in braiding machines and subsequently impregnated with the binder. The impregnated tube is then pressed again in a cross shape and twisted. In principle, it is also possible to first deform the braided hoses in a cross shape and only then to impregnate them.
• the invention relates to a reinforcing bar for mineral building materials, in particular for concrete.
• the reinforcing rod 10 according to the invention consists of a fiber-reinforced strand made of plastic, which has a central, elongated strand core 12 and a plurality of strand ribs 14 which extend over the length of the strand core and are arranged at an angular distance from one another and have a star-shaped or cruciform cross section and which extend around the core axis 16 are helically twisted.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
• Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-02-21 DE DE10108357A patent/DE10108357A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
  • 2002-01-09 EP EP02712807A patent/EP1364094A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-01-09 US US10/468,677 patent/US7045210B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-01-09 WO PCT/EP2002/000119 patent/WO2002066762A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2002-01-09 CN CNB028053397A patent/CN1262719C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-01-09 JP JP2002566058A patent/JP2004526887A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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