EP1360758A2 - Schaltungsanordnung zur bereitstellung einer exponentiellen vorverzerrung für einen einstellbaren verstärker - Google Patents
Schaltungsanordnung zur bereitstellung einer exponentiellen vorverzerrung für einen einstellbaren verstärkerInfo
- Publication number
- EP1360758A2 EP1360758A2 EP02708188A EP02708188A EP1360758A2 EP 1360758 A2 EP1360758 A2 EP 1360758A2 EP 02708188 A EP02708188 A EP 02708188A EP 02708188 A EP02708188 A EP 02708188A EP 1360758 A2 EP1360758 A2 EP 1360758A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diode
- transistor
- current
- differential amplifier
- circuit arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G7/00—Volume compression or expansion in amplifiers
- H03G7/06—Volume compression or expansion in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
- H03F1/3211—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion in differential amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45076—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier
- H03F3/4508—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier using bipolar transistors as the active amplifying circuit
- H03F3/45098—PI types
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/372—Noise reduction and elimination in amplifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45471—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the CSC comprising one or more extra current sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45498—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the CSC comprising only resistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/45—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers
- H03F2203/45654—Indexing scheme relating to differential amplifiers the LC comprising one or more extra diodes not belonging to mirrors
Definitions
- Circuit arrangement for providing exponential predistortion for an adjustable amplifier
- the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for providing exponential predistortion for an adjustable amplifier.
- Amplifiers for example power amplifiers or low-noise amplifiers, as are usually used in high-frequency technology, normally have an adjustable gain.
- the characteristic with which the gain can be set can be required as linear or as a so-called dB-linear characteristic.
- a dB-linear characteristic is characterized in that the output power P Q ut i n dBmW is proportional to the control voltage U con t ol on the input side, according to the formula
- the output power is directly proportional to the control voltage, not proportional in a logarithmic ratio.
- the control voltage must therefore be pre-distorted in a stage upstream of the amplifier in order to obtain a dB-linear characteristic.
- the basic circuit for generating an exponential predistortion specified in the document cited above has the disadvantage that the ideally calculated, exponential transfer function changes due to process tolerances to which the components required for implementation are subject, as well as due to temperature changes in the operation of the circuit.
- the specified circuit requires a relatively large number of components and a large transistor area connected to it. The large number of transistors required also has the disadvantage that only moderate noise properties of the overall circuit can be achieved.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a circuit for providing exponential predistortion for an adjustable amplifier which is improved with regard to tolerances due to production and temperature.
- the object is achieved with a circuit arrangement for providing exponential pre-distortion for an adjustable amplifier
- the controlled currents being a common mode current for setting the operating point of the diodes and a differential
- a first differential amplifier with a first transistor whose control input is connected to the first diode and with a second transistor whose control input is connected to the second diode
- the ratio of the effective transistor areas of second to first transistor is equal to the ratio of the effective diode areas of the second diode to the first diode.
- the circuit described has two diodes of different sizes, which are followed by a differential amplifier with two transistors of different sizes.
- the larger of the two diodes is connected to the larger transistor, while the smaller diode is connected to the smaller transistor.
- the diodes are driven with currents which comprise a common mode current for setting the operating point of the diodes and a differential current which carries the actual useful signal.
- output currents are available for driving an amplifier with the asymmetrical predistortion that can be generated with the circuit described. With the asymmetrical predistortion and the asymmetrical differential amplifier, a dB-linear transfer function is approximated with the present circuit.
- the area ratio of the first to the second diode and of the first to the second transistor can be adapted to the respective requirements, as described in more detail below. Since the circuit described can be implemented with a small number of components, it can be implemented with good noise properties. In addition, the circuit described is insensitive to process technology and temperature fluctuations.
- diodes Since the diodes have different areas, there is an asymmetry in the diode voltages. These diode voltages are used to control a differential amplifier, at the output of which the desired, predistorted input signal for an amplifier is present as a differential current.
- the diodes can be transistors, which are connected as diodes.
- a second, voltage-controlled differential amplifier is provided for current control of the first and second controlled current paths with a first output which is connected to the first diode and with a second output which is connected to the second diode.
- a control signal present as a differential voltage signal, for regulating the output power of an amplifier can be converted into the necessary control currents for controlling the diode current paths.
- the second differential amplifier therefore works as a voltage-current converter.
- the second differential amplifier comprises two bipolar transistors, the emitter connections of which are connected to one another via a resistor to provide negative feedback.
- the negative feedback of the second differential amplifier can be particularly advantageous if its deflection in the small signal range exceeds a range in which a sufficiently good linearization is present even without negative feedback.
- the controlled currents of the first and second current paths are proportional to the differential input voltages.
- the ratio of the effective transistor areas and the ratio of the effective diode areas to one another is set in each case by connecting a plurality of components of the same type in parallel.
- effective area ratios of the transistors or diodes to one another of 2: 1, 3: 1, 3: 2 etc. can be produced. Since components of the same type are used in both current branches, a particularly good pairing can be achieved.
- the first diode comprises a parallel connection of two diodes, which are each identical to the second diode
- the first transistor comprises a parallel connection of two transistors, which are each identical to the second transistor, so that each gives an area ratio of 2: 1.
- an area ratio of 2: 1 results in a dB-linear transfer function in the circuit described for providing exponential predistortion for a linear preamplifier.
- an area ratio of 3: 1 is set by connecting three components or three transistors in parallel. Overcompensation of this type may be desirable, depending on the application of the circuit for providing predistortion.
- the first transistor of the first differential amplifier is directly connected to the first diode on the control side and the second transistor of the first differential amplifier is connected directly to the second diode on the control side.
- the potential at the diode connections, which are connected to the control inputs of the transistors, controls the differential amplifier as a function of the currents flowing through the diodes.
- Load diode provided.
- the predistorted current that can be derived from the first differential amplifier is fed into the load diodes. characterizes in order to compensate for the characteristic of a differential amplifier that can be connected for the gain variation, for example a current rocker.
- a current rocker is connected on the output side to the first differential amplifier, the control inputs of which are connected to the load diodes and an electrical load, for example an antenna or a matching network, can be connected to the output side.
- an electrical load for example an antenna or a matching network
- a high-frequency signal for example, can be fed to the current rocker at an input, which signal is amplified in accordance with the desired target gain applied.
- this is designed using " bipolar circuit technology " .
- FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a circuit according to the invention for predistortion of a control signal using a simplified circuit diagram
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit according to FIG. 1, which is further simplified for the mathematical description of the circuit
- FIG. 3 shows the transmission behavior of the predistortion in FIG. 1 which can be achieved with a circuit according to FIG
- FIG. 4 shows the transmission behavior of the circuit described for providing exponential predistortion with a logarithmically scaled abscissa
- FIG. 5 the derivation of the family of curves of the transfer function for various parameter values of the area ratio
- FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention on the basis of a simplified equivalent circuit diagram
- FIG. 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention in a further development of the circuit according to FIG. 1, with a current rocker and connected electrical load.
- FIG. 1 shows a first differential amplifier T3, T4 with current branches connected on the control side, each of which comprises a diode and a voltage-controlled bipolar transistor T1, T2.
- a differential input voltage Uj n , U ⁇ n can be supplied to the transistors designed as NPN bipolar transistors T1, T2 and forming a negative feedback differential amplifier, that is to say at their base connection.
- This control voltage is used to set the variable gain of an amplifier.
- the emitter connections of the transistors T1, T2, which form the second differential amplifier, are connected to one another to form the negative feedback via a resistor R1. Furthermore, the emitter connections are each connected to a reference potential connection GND via a current source II, 12.
- the transistors T1, T2 are each connected to a supply potential connection VCC via a diode D1, D2. The first shows
- the potential which arises on the cathode side at the diodes D1, D2 due to the currents controlled in the current branches serves to control the first differential amplifier T3, T4.
- This comprises a first transistor T3, which is connected on the control side to the cathode terminal of the first diode D1, and a second transistor T4, which is connected on the control side to the cathode terminal of the second diode D2.
- the transistors T3, T4 are directly connected to one another on the emitter side. It is important to note with the first differential amplifier T3, T4 that the area ratio of the second transistor T4 to the first transistor T3 is equal to the area ratio C of the second diode D2 to the first diode Dl.
- the common emitter node of the transistors T3, T4 is connected to a current source 13, which supplies an operating point current I ⁇ .
- the diodes D1, D2 are implemented as transistors, which are connected as diodes, and which are of the type of transistors T3, T4 of the first differential amplifier, the currents in the current sources 11, 12 of the first and second result Current paths to half the working point current Ij ⁇ / 2.
- the output of the circuit described for providing an exponential pre-distortion which is a current output, is connected to the collector connections of the transistors T3, T4 of the first differential amplifier and is designated I 0 ut ' ⁇ outx.
- the circuit described according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 has a good pairing of the diode and transistor components used and no sensitivity to temperature changes in operation or process technology tolerances during production.
- FIG. 2 shows a simplified circuit diagram according to FIG. 1 for the calculation or mathematical modeling of the circuit according to the invention.
- the induced by the second differential amplifier Tl, T2 current Ij_ n through the diodes Dl, D2, which is interpreted as a push-pull signal, located as an additional power source fourteenth This results in a current flow through the first diode Dl of] ⁇ -Iin and through the second diode D2 the current results
- the differential output current Iciff / which results from the difference between the output currents I Q ut ' ⁇ outx at the output of the circuit according to FIG. 2 depends in particular on the current densities of the diodes D1, D2 and the differential amplifier transistors T3, T4 of the first differential amplifier and can be derived as follows: Because of the interconnection according to FIG. 2 of the diodes and transistors with one another and because of the different area ratio, the current densities Ig of the diodes are:
- Is2 equal to the current density of the second diode D2 and Isl equal to the current density of the first diode Dl.
- IS3 equal to current density of the first differential amplifier transistor T3
- IS4 equal to current density of the second differential amplifier transistor T4.
- the diodes Dl, D2 are flowed through by currents Ici and Ic. Beitsticianström from the input current I-j_ and the n Ar I ⁇ of the diodes Dl, D2, see FIG 2, it follows for the currents through the diodes Dl, D2:
- the factor m is the exponential factor available in the diode model and can be assumed to be 1.
- the operating point current Ij ⁇ is used here as a standardization variable. It is also assigned the value 1. If one assumes an input voltage U d for a differential amplifier, the following is obtained for the differential current I ⁇ iff at the output:
- Figure 3 shows the transmission behavior of the predistortion, that is, the differential current I ⁇ iff a function of the output current E n Ij_ n.
- Input current Ij_ n and differential current Iciff are plotted normalized case, the normalized sizes are characterized by an upper line.
- FIG. 4 also shows a parameter study of the function of the differential current as a function of the input current for various parameter values for the area ratio C, but in a semi-logarithmic representation, the differential current and input current being shown in a suitable standardization.
- FIG. 4 shows the overall transmission behavior of the circuit according to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 5 describes, likewise suitably standardized, the derivation of the differential current function as a function of the input current.
- FIG. 6 shows a further, simplified circuit diagram of a circuit according to the invention for providing exponential predistortion for a linear amplifier with two controlled current paths, each of which comprises a diode D1, D2, and a differential amplifier T3, T4 connected to it, which is connected to one another via the diodes Dl, D2 is controlled as a function of the diode voltages which set the controlled diode currents.
- the area ratio C of the second diode D2 to the first diode D1 is equal to the area ratio of the second transistor T4 to the first transistor T3 of the first differential amplifier.
- the first and second diodes D1, D2 are each connected to a current Source I ', I2' connected, which is connected to the reference potential connection GND, and on the other hand connected to a control input of the first differential amplifier T3, T4, as already described for FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the current source I ⁇ ' supplies a current I] ⁇ -Iir ⁇ which corresponds to the difference between the operating point current 1 ⁇ of the diodes and the input current I j _ n according to FIG. 2
- the second current source I2' just supplies the sum Ik + ⁇ -in from operating point current I] ⁇ of the diodes and input current Ij_ n of the simplified circuit diagram according to FIG. 2.
- the two diodes Dl, D2 have different sizes, the larger diode Dl with the larger transistor Tl and the smaller diode D2 with the smaller transistor T4 is connected.
- the diodes Dl, D2 are driven with the described currents Ik-Iin, Ik + Iin. These currents include a differential current for driving the diodes X ⁇ n and a common mode current Ij ⁇ for setting the operating point of the diodes.
- the output of the differential amplifier delivers output currents Io t '-'- outx' which show a transmission behavior with predistortion with respect to the input signal of the circuit.
- FIG. 7 finally shows a further development of the circuit from FIG. 1 with a current rocker T5, T7 and an electrical load R2.
- the electrical load R2 can be an antenna or a matching network, for example.
- a diode D3, D4 is connected as a load diode to the collector connections of the differential amplifier transistors T3, T4 of the first differential amplifier, into which the generated, pre-distorted current is impressed.
- a high-frequency input signal to be amplified which can be supplied as current I ⁇ p on the emitter side to the current rocker T6, T7, which is formed in bipolar circuit technology, can now be output voltage Uj_ n , Uj_ nx dB-linear can be varied.
- the source for the high-frequency signal Ip to be amplified is shown as a current source 16 and can be designed, for example, as a low-noise amplifier, low noise amplifier or as a power amplifier, power amplifier with open collector output.
- All of the exemplary embodiments shown of the present circuit for providing an exponential preamplification for a linear amplifier have in common that they can be constructed with a small number of components and thus have good noise properties. Furthermore, the characteristic of the desired, exponentially distorted transfer function is largely independent of temperature fluctuations in the circuit during operation and of process parameter fluctuations in the production of such a circuit.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10106388A DE10106388C2 (de) | 2001-02-12 | 2001-02-12 | Schaltungsanordnung zur Bereitstellung einer exponentiellen Vorverzerrung für einen einstellbaren Verstärker |
| DE10106388 | 2001-02-12 | ||
| PCT/DE2002/000328 WO2002071597A2 (de) | 2001-02-12 | 2002-01-30 | Schaltungsanordnung zur bereitstellung einer exponentiellen vorverzerrung für einen einstellbaren verstärker |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1360758A2 true EP1360758A2 (de) | 2003-11-12 |
Family
ID=7673713
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02708188A Withdrawn EP1360758A2 (de) | 2001-02-12 | 2002-01-30 | Schaltungsanordnung zur bereitstellung einer exponentiellen vorverzerrung für einen einstellbaren verstärker |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6788145B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1360758A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP3850799B2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10106388C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002071597A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7118273B1 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2006-10-10 | Transmeta Corporation | System for on-chip temperature measurement in integrated circuits |
| EP2078337B1 (de) * | 2006-10-25 | 2015-07-01 | Nxp B.V. | Bestimmung der lastimpedanz auf dem chip einer hf-schaltung |
| JP2018198355A (ja) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-12-13 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 電力増幅回路 |
| FR3098896B1 (fr) | 2019-07-18 | 2021-07-30 | Naval Group | Projectile sous-marin, ensemble et procede de lancement associes |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4156283A (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1979-05-22 | Tektronix, Inc. | Multiplier circuit |
| US4075574A (en) * | 1975-10-16 | 1978-02-21 | Tektronix, Inc. | Wideband differential amplifier |
| US5065053A (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-11-12 | Digital Equipment Corporation Of Canada, Ltd. | Exponential function circuitry |
| DE4329896A1 (de) * | 1993-09-04 | 1995-03-09 | Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Verstärkerstufe mit einer dB-linearen Ausgangsspannung |
| JPH09238032A (ja) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-09 | Nec Corp | Otaおよびバイポーラマルチプライヤ |
| JP3022388B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-28 | 2000-03-21 | 日本電気株式会社 | トランスリニアマルチプライヤ |
-
2001
- 2001-02-12 DE DE10106388A patent/DE10106388C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-30 WO PCT/DE2002/000328 patent/WO2002071597A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-01-30 JP JP2002570394A patent/JP3850799B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-01-30 EP EP02708188A patent/EP1360758A2/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-08-12 US US10/639,400 patent/US6788145B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02071597A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10106388A1 (de) | 2002-08-29 |
| WO2002071597A2 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
| US20040032298A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
| DE10106388C2 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
| JP2004519176A (ja) | 2004-06-24 |
| JP3850799B2 (ja) | 2006-11-29 |
| WO2002071597A3 (de) | 2003-07-17 |
| US6788145B2 (en) | 2004-09-07 |
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