EP1350877B1 - Heddle and method of producing the same, shedding mechanism and weaving loom incorporating such a heddle - Google Patents

Abstract

A heddle (1) comprises an eyelet (17) for passing of a warp yarn (4). A zone between the eyelet and first end that is fastened to the drive, has Z-shaped cross-section, with two branches parallel to each other. An Independent claim is also included for manufacturing of heddle comprising rolling or drawing a band or strip of metal, forming two parallel bends defining two branches extending on either side of the median zone of the heddle.

Description

The invention relates to a bar for a loom and a method of manufacturing such a bar. The invention also relates to a shedding device and to a loom incorporating such a bar.

The loom of the loom are generally formed of metallic filiform elements in each of which is formed an eyelet for the passage of a warp yarn. EP-A-0 947 620 discloses a rail in which an eyelet is attached in a notch formed in a filiform element.

In order to limit its bulk in a direction parallel to the weft threads, a rail manufactured in a strip of metal or strip should be oriented with its width parallel to the direction of passage of the warp threads, which would not be compatible with the formation simple of a carnation in such a smooth. Indeed, such an eyelet must have its width generally perpendicular to the direction of passage of the warp son. It is known, for example from FR-A-2 711 679, to locally deform a rail formed in a metal strip so that the branches of an eyelet of such a rail are truncated, in order to give the eyelet a width sufficient. However, because of the movement of vertical oscillations of the healds, the eyelets, which have a greater width than the upper and lower branches of the healds, tend to repel the neighboring son at each pass, resulting in a risk of vibrations of the hips. arches of the harness of a loom equipped with this kind of smooth or damaging warp threads. In addition, such a rail is relatively complex to manufacture and its cost can be prohibitive in the case of a craft comprising a large number of warp son. Finally, it is not certain that this smooth has sufficient bending stiffness to resist properly to the stresses to which it is subjected during weaving, especially in the case where it must be positively controlled as in a known crowd forming assembly of FR-A-2 811 687.

It is these drawbacks that the invention intends to remedy more particularly by proposing a new rail whose shape makes it possible to avoid vibrations in the harness, even though it has excellent mechanical properties.

In this spirit, the invention relates to a smooth according to claim 1 for loom, this lug being formed in a metal strip and comprising a grommet for passing a warp yarn. This rail has, over substantially the entire area between this eyelet and a first end of the rail by which it is coupled to a drive means, a cross section generally Z-shaped, with two substantially parallel branches between they.

Thanks to the invention, a warp passing through the rail can be guided along its direction of progression on the two branches of the rail, but also on the corresponding branches of neighboring rails, over the entire area between the eyelet and the rail. first end of the smooth. Plates according to the invention can therefore be implanted on a loom with a high density, the warp son are not injured in contact with the healds or struck by them since the branches they form serve as means guidance throughout the height of the area defined above. In addition, the cross section in the form of S or Z gives the arm of the invention a good rigidity.

• Elle présente une section transversale sensiblement constante, en S ou en Z, sur la totalité de sa longueur définie entre ses deux extrémités opposées. Ainsi, la lisse constitue un moyen de guidage efficace des fils voisins quelle que soit sa position en hauteur sur un métier. Elle peut en outre être fabriquée de façon relativement simple.
• La lisse est pourvue d'ajours d'allègement dans une zone médiane de la lisse définie, pour l'essentiel, entre les branches. Ces ajours permettent de gagner de la matière et de diminuer l'inertie de la lisse. On peut prévoir qu'ils sont disposés entre l'oeillet et une extrémité libre de la lisse, auquel cas ils ne risquent pas d'influer mécaniquement sur la transmission d'efforts entre un organe d'entraînement et l'oeillet. On peut cependant prévoir que ces ajours sont disposés de part et d'autre de l'oeillet, entre l'oeillet et les extrémités opposées de la lisse, auquel cas l'effet de diminution de l'inertie et de gain de manière est encore plus important.

According to advantageous but not obligatory aspects of the invention, the beam incorporates one or more of the following characteristics:

• It has a substantially constant cross section, S or Z, over its entire length defined between its two opposite ends. Thus, the arm is an effective guide means of neighboring son regardless of its position in height on a loom. It can also be manufactured in a relatively simple way.
• The bar is provided with lightening openings in a median zone of the smooth defined, for the most part, between the branches. These openings help to gain material and reduce the inertia of the smooth. It can be provided that they are arranged between the eyelet and a free end of the beam, in which case they are not likely to affect mechanically the transmission of forces between a drive member and the eyelet. However, it can be provided that these openings are arranged on either side of the eyelet, between the eyelet and the opposite ends of the stringer, in which case the effect of reducing the inertia and gain of manner is still most important.

The invention also relates to a method according to claim 6 for producing a heald as previously described and, more specifically, to a method which comprises a step of rolling or stretching a metal strip, forming two parallel plies defining two branches extending on both sides of a median zone of the arm. Such a method is particularly economical and allows to consider the production of hedges in large series.

The invention also relates to a shedding device for a loom which comprises at least one rail as previously described.

Advantageously, this device also comprises a guide means in translation of the rail, this means being provided with at least one opening section cross-section generally Z-shaped, with two branches generally parallel to each other.

According to another advantageous aspect, one end of each rail is engaged in a sleeve in which is also engaged by the opposite side, a force transmission element in the form of a semi-rigid rod, the sleeve being secured to the rail and the rail. said element, which allows a positive transmission of forces between this element and this smooth. The connection between the sleeve and this element can take place by crimping, reversible or definitive bonding, clipping, form co-operation, brazing, welding and / or elastic binding.

Finally, the invention relates to a loom which comprises a shedding device as previously described. Such a trade is more economical and more reliable than those of the state of the art, in particular because it has less tendency to vibrate.

• la figure 1 est une vue en perspective, avec interruptions, d'une lisse conforme à l'invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue en perspective, avec interruptions et prise selon un autre angle, de la lisse de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 3 est une coupe à plus grande échelle selon la ligne III-III à la figure 1 ;
• la figure 4 est une coupe, à la même échelle que celle de la figure 3, selon la ligne IV-IV à la figure 1 ;
• la figure 5 est une représentation schématique de principe, en coupe transversale, d'un dispositif de formation de la foule incorporant des lisses telles que celle représentée aux figures 1 à 4 ;
• la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un métier à tisser incorporant un dispositif selon la figure 5 et
• la figure 7 est une représentation schématique de principe de lisses selon les revendications 1 à 4 en place dans le dispositif de formation de la foule du métier de la figure 6.

The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of an embodiment of a rail, a device for forming the crowd and of a loom according to its principle, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• Figure 1 is a perspective view, with interruptions, a smooth according to the invention;
• Figure 2 is a perspective view, with interruptions and taken at another angle, of the bar of Figure 1;
• Figure 3 is a section on a larger scale along the line III-III in Figure 1;
• Figure 4 is a section on the same scale as that of Figure 3 along the line IV-IV in Figure 1;
• Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a shedding device incorporating heddles such as that shown in Figures 1 to 4;
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a loom incorporating a device according to FIG. 5 and
• FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the heald principle according to claims 1 to 4 in place in the shedding device of the loom of FIG. 6.

The arm 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is formed in a steel strip by rolling, by means of two rollers which make it possible to crush and deform this strip so as to constitute, on the lateral faces 11 and 12 of the arm 1 , folds 13 and 14 parallel to each other and parallel to a central longitudinal axis XX 'of the rail 1.

The end of the rail 1 is marked with which it can be connected to a semi-rigid rod 2, for example made of carbon, which serves as drive means, as explained below. The connection between the rail 1 and the rod 2 is made by means of a sleeve 3 in which are inserted the end 15 and the lower end 21 of the rod 2, each of these ends 15 and 21 penetrating into the sleeve 3 by one side of it. The ends 15 and 21 may be permanently or reversibly bonded inside the sleeve 3. The ends 15 and 21 may also be crimped, elastically wedged, clipped or immobilized by shape cooperation inside the sleeve 3 Alternatively, the assembly of the sleeve and the end 15 may be made by soldering or welding. The immobilization between the sleeve 3 and at least one of the elements 1 and 2 is advantageously reversible, which allows to consider disassembly of the connection thus made, especially for maintenance operations.

We note 16 the end of the smooth 1 opposite the end 15.

An eyelet 17 is formed in the rail 1 for the passage of a warp 4.

As is clear more particularly from Figure 3, the rail 1 has, in a plane perpendicular to the axis X-X 'cross-section S having a shape generally flattened Z, with two branches 1a and 1b s' extending along directions Y a -Y ' a and Y b -Y' b perpendicular to the axis XX 'and parallel to each other. These branches 1 a and 1 b are connected by a central zone 1 c which extends generally in a direction D perpendicular to the axis XX 'and making an angle α of the order of 45 ° with respect to the directions Y a - Y ' a and Y b -Y' b .

The arm 1 has the section S shown in FIG. 3 over substantially the entire height of a zone Z ₀ between the end 15 and the eyelet 17.

At the eyelet 17 and as shown in FIG. 4, the arm 1 has the same section S generally flattened Z at the level of the section plane of FIG. 3, an opening being provided at the zone 1 c to constitute the eyelet 17.

In practice, the opening 17 is formed by stamping in a direction D 'generally perpendicular to the direction D and, with a straight line Δ perpendicular to the side faces 1 to ₁ , 1 to ₂ , 1 b ₁ and 1 b ₂ of the branches 1 a and 1 b , an angle β substantially equal to the angle α.

The fact that the eyelet 17 is made by stamping in the direction D ', as represented by the arrow F ₁ in FIG. 4, allows its edges 17 to be generally parallel to this direction and that heels 18 are formed on both sides of the opening 17 at the foot of the branches 1a and 1b, thereby maintaining the smooth and formed a good torsional stiffness about the axis X-X ', notwithstanding the completion of the eyelet 17.

Openings 19 are formed in the rail 1 between the eyelet 17 and the end 16. According to a not shown variant of the invention, the corresponding openings could also be formed between the eyelet 17 and the end 15. These openings 19 are made by localized routing of the central zone 1 c and save material during the realization of the smooth 1 and reduce its inertia, which is particularly advantageous since such a smooth is intended to undergo inversions repeated movements and for very brief periods. The openings do not affect the geometry of the edges of the rail 1 which remain formed by the branches 1a and 1b .

At an opening 19, the cross section S of the rail 1 has substantially the same geometry as that shown in FIG. 4. The cross section S of the rail 1 retains the same geometry between the ends 15 and 16, by the way near that openings 17 or 19 are provided in some places.

As is more particularly apparent from FIG. 5, when several heddles in accordance with the invention are juxtaposed in a shedding device, the various warp threads 4 can follow generally parallel paths in a direction represented by the arrow F _2. crossing each eyelet 17 of a heddle 1 and along the branches 1a and 1b of this rail, on either side of the eyelet 17, and the adjacent heddles.

More particularly, if reference is made to the bar 1 shown in the center of FIG. 4 chain associated _one can follow the outer surface 1 ₁ of the leg 1a of the heddle 1 'located at the center of the upper part of Figure 5. The wire 4 ₁ then runs along the inner surface 1 b ₂ of the arm 1 b of the smooth 1 considered and the inner surface 1 to ₂ of the branch 1 has this smooth. The wire 4 ₁ then runs along the outer surface 1 b ₁ of the branch 1 b of the arm 1 '' shown in the center of the lower part of FIG. 5. It is thus understood that the different rails define, between themselves and thanks to their branches 1a and 1b, the paths that can follow the warp son 4. the branches 1a and 1b smooth 1, 1 'and 1''thus serve to guide the warp son such as the wire 4 _1.

Since the cross-section S of the rail 1 is substantially constant between the eyelet 17 and the end 15, the guiding function mentioned with reference to FIG. 5 is kept independently of the height position of the rails 1 of a safety device. formation of the crowd. In other words, the fact that a rail is more or less lifted by the harness does not affect its ability to guide the warp threads through the eyelets of neighboring rails. The warp son are thus subjected to substantially constant efforts, regardless of the height of the stringers, which limits the vibrations in the harness of a loom equipped with such smooth.

Such a loom M is shown schematically in FIG. 6 and comprises a beam 101 and a bobbin 102 between which the warp yarns 4 are circulated. The direction of the picks on the loom M is noted AA ', that is to say the direction of the weft threads.

The loom M also comprises a frame 104 supporting the elements 101 and 102 and a not shown system for passing the picks.

The frame 104 is extended by a superstructure 105 disposed above the main part of the loom M and supporting a device 110 for controlling a set of rods 2 which are arranged in sheaths 22 and which constitute a harness for the loom M For the sake of clarity, only a portion of the sheaths 22 is shown in FIG.

As is more particularly apparent from FIG. 7, where only two rails are shown for the sake of clarity, the various rails 1 are guided in translation along their respective longitudinal axes XX 'inside plastics members 5 resting on rails 6 extending over the loom M in directions generally parallel to the direction A-A '.

The members 5 define two crosspieces 51 and 52 extending one above the other and perpendicular to the direction A-A '. The cross member 51 is provided with openings 53 whose cross section is similar to the section S of the rail 1 which they receive. In the same way, the crosspiece 52 is provided with openings 54 for receiving the lower end of a sheath 22 and for passing a rod 2.

Thus, the openings 53 and 54 make it possible to control and guide the arm 1 represented in the lowest position in FIG. 7 in its vertical oscillation movement, in the direction of its axis X-X ', this movement being represented by the double arrow F ₃ .

When it is necessary to exchange a rail, for example for a maintenance operation, it can be extracted from the member 5, as shown by the arrow F ₄ in Figure 7, crossing the corresponding orifice 54. The assembly made at the sleeve 3 between the rail 1 and the rod 2 is then disassembled before joining the rod with a new rail and set place thereof in the member 5 through the orifices 54 and 53 corresponding.

The smooth according to the invention can be controlled positively by the rod 2, that is to say that it is not necessary to provide an elastic return in the lower part of the craft.

According to a variant not shown of the invention, a smooth 1 can be controlled, positively, from below the sheet of warp yarn 4, in which case its end 15 is located below this sheet while its end 16 protrudes above it. This variant makes it possible to dispense with the super-structure 105 represented in FIG. 6 by integrating the device 110 into the chassis 104.

The invention is applicable, in particular, with any hitch coupled to a drive member by a single end, whether it is an individual control Jacquard type, as known from FR-A-2 811 687, or a dobby type common control, or a smooth controlled by its two ends, Jacquard loom or dobby.

For the purposes of the present invention, a Z-shaped section also covers an S-shaped section. Indeed, the shape of the section is S or Z depending on the direction of observation of this section.

Claims (10)

1. A heald for a loom, said heald being formed from a metal strip comprising an eyelet for a warp thread to pass through, characterised in that it has, over substantially the whole of a zone (Z₀) between said eyelet (17) and a first end (15) by which it is attached to a drive means (2), a cross-section (S) which is overall Z-shaped, with two branches (1a, 1b) which are substantially parallel to each other (Y_a-Y'_a, Y_b-Y'_b).
2. A heald according to Claim 1, characterised in that it has a substantially constant Z-shaped cross-section (S), over its entire length defined between its two opposite ends (15, 16).
3. A heald according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is provided with weight-reduction holes (19) formed in a median zone (1c) of said heald (1), said median zone being defined essentially between said branches (1a, 1b).
4. A heald according to Claim 3, characterised in that said holes (19) are arranged between said eyelet (17) and a free end (16) of said heald (1).
5. A heald according to Claim 3, characterised in that said holes (19) are arranged on either side of said eyelet (17), between said eyelet (17) and the opposite ends (15, 16) of said heald (1).
6. A process for manufacturing a heald according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a stage consisting of rolling or drawing a strip of metal, forming two parallel folds (13, 14) defining two branches (1a, 1b) extending on either side of a median zone (1c) of said heald.
7. A shedding device for a loom, characterised in that it comprises at least one heald (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5.
8. A device according to Claim 7, characterised in that it comprises a means (5) for guiding said heald (1) in translation (F₃), said means being provided with at least one opening (53) having a cross-section which is overall Z-shaped, with two branches which are overall parallel to each other.
9. A device according to one of Claims 7 or 8, characterised in that one end (15) of said heald is engaged in a sleeve (3) in which there is also engaged, by the opposite end, a force transmission element (2), said sleeve being connected integrally to said heald and said element.
10. A loom, characterised in that it comprises a shedding device (1-6; 110) according to one of Claims 7 to 9.

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