EP1349650A2 - Mikroreaktor für reaktionen zwischen gasen und flüssigkeiten - Google Patents
Mikroreaktor für reaktionen zwischen gasen und flüssigkeitenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1349650A2 EP1349650A2 EP01958021A EP01958021A EP1349650A2 EP 1349650 A2 EP1349650 A2 EP 1349650A2 EP 01958021 A EP01958021 A EP 01958021A EP 01958021 A EP01958021 A EP 01958021A EP 1349650 A2 EP1349650 A2 EP 1349650A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plates
- fluid guide
- reaction
- plate
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)Cl JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960005215 dichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPLNLPEMYXKEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzyl-2-fluoropyridine Chemical compound C1=NC(F)=CC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 HTPLNLPEMYXKEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBOLXXRVIFGDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzylpyridine Chemical compound C=1C=NC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 DBOLXXRVIFGDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXPBPZVDLVXJKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydrazinylaniline Chemical compound NNC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 TXPBPZVDLVXJKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMVPXBDOWDXXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 KMVPXBDOWDXXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007045 Balz-Schiemann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B1/00—Devices without movable or flexible elements, e.g. microcapillary devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00783—Laminate assemblies, i.e. the reactor comprising a stack of plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
- B01J2219/00835—Comprising catalytically active material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00873—Heat exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
- B01J2219/00952—Sensing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
- B01J2219/00952—Sensing operations
- B01J2219/00954—Measured properties
- B01J2219/00959—Flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
- B01J2219/00952—Sensing operations
- B01J2219/00954—Measured properties
- B01J2219/00961—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
- B01J2219/00952—Sensing operations
- B01J2219/00954—Measured properties
- B01J2219/00966—Measured properties pH
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
- F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a microreactor for carrying out chemical reactions between a reaction partner in fluid form and a reaction partner in gaseous form.
- microreactor represents a miniaturized reaction system for ner driving technology and chemical process technology.
- Microreactors are known, for example, from EP 0 688 242 and US 5,811,062. These microreactors are constructed from a large number of stacked and interconnected platelets, on the surfaces of which there are micromechanically produced structures which, in their interaction, form horizontal reaction spaces in order to carry out the desired chemical reactions.
- German patent application DE 41 28 827 describes a process for catalyzed
- the falling film reactor consists of a bundle of vertical tubes, on the inside of which an uninterrupted liquid film of reactants and product flows down under the influence of gravity.
- the outside diameter of the pipes is 28-65cm, the length is up to 6m.
- a typical ⁇ TO liquid falling film (33 kg / h lauryl alcohol, 180 ° C) has a thickness of approximately 300 ⁇ m.
- Thick falling films as described in DE 41 28 827, have the following disadvantages:
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a reactor system which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above of a conventional downpipe reactor.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a reactor for carrying out a continuous chemical reaction between a liquid and a gas, in which the reaction rate and the selectivity of the reaction are increased by better control of reaction parameters such as film thickness, reaction / contact time and temperature ,
- the microreactor according to the invention is intended to enable exact temperature control of the reaction processes, to ensure rapid mixing of the reactants and to reduce the risk potential of highly exothermic or explosive reactions by means of a small internal volume.
- the microreactor should also be inexpensive to manufacture so that it can be used in a one-way system if necessary.
- the different elements of the microreactor should be able to be combined as required.
- the free scalability of the amount of material converted should be achieved by internal parallelization, that is to say by combining any number of identical modules into a common reactor block.
- the various components should be able to be connected to one another in a detachable or non-detachable manner.
- the invention thus relates to a microreactor for carrying out chemical reactions between a reaction partner in fluid form and a reaction partner in gaseous form, optionally in the presence of a solid catalyst, the chemical process taking place in rooms which are formed by two or more essentially plane-parallel plates or layers , wherein at least one of these plates or layers represents a fluid guide plate (1) which is structured and / or arranged such that the fluid reactant only due to the influence of gravity and / or capillary forces in at least one essentially uninterrupted capillary thread along the surface this plate or layer flows and thereby comes into contact with the gaseous reactant and reacts.
- the fluid guide plate is preferably arranged essentially perpendicular to the horizontal.
- fluid form encompasses both reactants that occur even in a liquid state of aggregation and reactants that are used in a mixture with a fluid diluent.
- mixture with a diluent includes solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
- the fluid reactant is used in the form of a solution or suspension.
- reactant includes pure substances or mixtures which contain the starting materials, i.e. reactants.
- the shape of the microreactor according to the invention is not critical per se.
- the individual plates or layers can be in any suitable geometric shape. They are preferably square or rectangular.
- microstructured areas in which the fluid reaction partner is brought into contact with the gaseous reaction partner are essential for the microreactor according to the invention.
- the dimensions of the structures on the surface of the fluid guide plate (1) must be selected so that the fluid reaction partner can pass them easily due to gravity and / or capillary forces.
- the structures must be small enough to take advantage of the inherent advantages of microreaction technology, namely excellent heat control, laminar flow, diffusive mixing and low internal volume.
- the structures are therefore in one dimension less than 1000 ⁇ m, preferably less than 800 ⁇ m, in particular less than 600 ⁇ m.
- the dimension, in particular the length and arrangement, of the fluid guide plate (1) can be adapted to the respective reaction conditions, such as reaction speed, viscosity of the fluid reaction partner, etc.
- sensors are to be installed in the microreactor, in particular for detecting the temperature, the pressure, if appropriate the flow rate and the volume flow.
- the sensors are connected to control loops in order to control and regulate the operating sequence if necessary.
- Fig. 1 shows a fluid guide plate (1) in a schematic representation, and an enlarged detail thereof.
- Fig. 2 shows a microreactor according to the invention consisting of five structured plates with feed and discharge lines.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through an arrangement of three microreactors according to the invention connected in parallel.
- Fig. 4 shows the structure of a fluid guide plate (1) from two elements, a rust-shaped element (41) and an unstructured element (42) in a schematic representation.
- the central component of the microreactor is a fluid guide plate (1, Fig. 1).
- the plate holds the reacting liquid on its surface in special capillary grooves using capillary forces. It has a thickness (la) of 120 ⁇ m to 4000 ⁇ m, preferably 200 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m. It contains open capillary grooves in which liquid threads are created.
- These capillary grooves have a width (lb) of 20 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 50 ⁇ m to 1500 ⁇ m, in particular 100 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m and a depth (lc) of 20 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, in particular 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the webs (ld) between two adjacent capillary grooves have a width of 5 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, preferably of 20 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, in particular 30 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the invention further relates to a process for producing a structured fluid guide plate (1) for a microreactor according to the invention.
- the structuring can be carried out by etching, laser and water jet cutting and drilling, stamping and embossing, milling, planing, micro-spark erosion, deep drawing, stamping and drilling, injection molding and sintering as well as a LIGA process and combinations thereof.
- a rust-shaped plate (41) is applied to a second, unstructured plate (42) (FIG. 4), and the composite is optionally coated with a catalytically active material.
- the invention furthermore relates to a fluid guide plate (1) with a wall thickness of 120 ⁇ m to 4000 ⁇ m, preferably 200 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m for a microreactor according to the invention, consisting essentially of two plane-parallel elements fastened to one another, a.
- the first element (41) has a wall thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, in particular 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, and a rust-shaped structure with a plurality of webs arranged in parallel, which are located between two webs arranged orthogonally to the same Extend wall thickness, wherein the openings between the parallel webs have a width of 20 microns to 2000 microns, preferably 100 microns to 250 microns, in particular 150 microns to 200 microns and the parallel bars have a width of 5 microns to 250 microns, preferably from 20 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, in particular 30 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the second element (42) is an unfructured, flat plate of the same length and
- Width as the first element (41) and has a thickness of 20 microns to 3980 microns.
- the fluid guide plate (1) generally has a length of 2 to 50 cm, preferably 4 to 40 cm, in particular 5 to 25 cm and a width of 5 to 25 cm, preferably 6 to 20, in particular 7 to 15 cm.
- the microreactor according to the invention consists of five structured plates, a base plate (22), an intermediate plate (6), and a cover plate (12) and two fluid guide plates (1).
- the two fluid guide plates (1) are each installed between two of these plates and are on sealed on the back, for example by O-rings.
- the feed lines (2), (8) and (15) are also preferably sealed by O-rings.
- the fluid guide plate (1) rests on an intermediate plate (6) or the base plate (22) through which the fluid reactant is fed to the reactor via the feed line. This is connected to a bore (3) which opens into the distribution channel (4), which ensures uniform flow distribution. A flow restriction is provided between the distribution channel (4) or the liquid collection channel (7) and the reaction chamber (5).
- Such a constriction can e.g. B. can be achieved in that the mil osfrukturierter fluid guide plate (1) is pressed against the intermediate plate (6) and the resulting microchannels throttle the flow of the fluid reactant. After the liquid has passed this constriction, it comes into contact with the gaseous reactant. This contact lasts as long as the fluid reaction partner runs down the microcapillary grooves of the fluid guide plate (1).
- the gaseous reaction partner flows in an analogous manner via the gas guide line (8) and the branching bore (9) into the gas distribution channel (10). These holes can be closed on the outer wall of the housing by means of screws (14).
- the flow path of the gas is provided with narrow points (11) which are formed by the fluid guide plate (1) and an intermediate plate (6) and / or the cover plate (12).
- the reaction chamber (5) is designed with a correspondingly larger width than the microchannels on the fluid guide plate (1). This could have an unfavorable effect on the mass transfer in the gas phase. Therefore, the reaction chamber (5) is preferably equipped with ramps (13), which are arranged in particular offset from one another, which improve the mass transfer.
- the liquid and gas are fed and distributed via horizontal distribution channels and can be from the same side or from the opposite side of the Reactor.
- the liquid and gaseous components of the reaction mixture can be discharged together or separately from one another via horizontal channels.
- the webs (18) serve to deflect the re-actuating element 11. So pressures from 10 "3 bar to 300 bar, preferably 1 to 10 bar can be applied.
- the reaction conditions can be checked via sensors.
- the liquid reaction mixture flows through branches (3) to the individual reactor units.
- a uniform distribution of the flow over the entire width of the fluid guide plate (1) can be achieved in several ways:
- This bottleneck can be formed by:
- a further pressure loss barrier is preferably attached to the lower end of the capillary thread in order to ensure a uniform flow also for the liquid discharge. This prevents the reaction chamber (5) from being flooded and ensures a uniform distribution of the residence time of the liquid in the microreactor according to the invention.
- the pressure loss barriers perform another function. At the same time, they ensure that the contact between liquid and gas only extends to the temperature-controlled area.
- the reaction gas enters the reactor unit via the bore (9) which branches off from the reaction gas supply (8). From there, the gas flows into the gas distribution channel (10), which together with the constriction (11) ensures uniform distribution over the width of the fluid guide plate (1).
- the constriction (11) causes a higher pressure loss than the gas distribution channel (10), so that the gas flows away everywhere with the same amount per unit length.
- the following options can also be implemented for generating a gas-side flow uniform distribution: a. narrow constrictions between the gas distribution channel (10) and the reaction chamber (5); b. a porous or otherwise gas permeable material instead of discrete openings; c. a bifurcation network instead of the combination of gas distribution channel and flow resistance towards the reaction chamber.
- a further uniform distribution collector is preferably attached to the lower outlet from the reaction chamber (5) in order to ensure a uniformly distributed, homogeneous flow field in the lower part of the reaction chamber (5).
- the liquid and gas phases are removed separately. However, if extremely short dwell times of the liquid phase are desired, the two phases can be discharged together. In order to ensure adequate mass transfer in the gas phase in the event of a required minimum conversion, the residence time of the reaction gas in the reaction chamber should be sufficiently long. As a result, the width of the gas space can be up to 10 mm. Experience has shown that diffusion in such wide channels alone is not strong enough to enable each reactant molecule to make contact with the liquid phase. In order to intensify the mass transfer, special ramps (13) are attached to the side of the reaction chamber (5) opposite the fluid guide plate (1). They cause the flow boundary layer near the wall to be directed away from the wall in the direction of the microcapillary plate. In order to intensify this effect, they are usually staggered.
- the capillary thread thickness and the microstructuring of the fluid guide plate (1) significantly influence the mass transfer.
- the mean capillary thread thickness is adjusted according to the liquid load and the liquid properties (such as density, viscosity etc.). The higher the throughput selected, the greater the thread thickness and thus the path that the reactants have to cover diffusively in the liquid.
- the rear side of the fluid guide plate (1) can be cooled or heated, a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium flowing in channels of 0.5 to 2 mm in width.
- the supply of the heat transfer medium takes place via a feed line (15) and bores (16) which branch off to the individual reaction plates (1).
- the heat transfer medium is removed via the heat transfer manifold (19), bores (20) and the outlet line (21).
- the interaction of the heat transfer channel (17) with the heat transfer channels (23) results in a good uniform flow distribution of the
- Heat transfer medium in particular if the supply line (15) and the outlet line (21) are arranged diagonally in the intermediate plate (6), which was not shown in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity.
- Temperature control of the reaction layer is possible from the rear by means of liquid or gaseous media in a temperature range from -80 ° C to +500 ° C, preferably from - 60 ° C to +300 ° C.
- Tempering media can also be a solid, for example an electrically heated block or a Peltier element, used as the tempering element.
- a reactor is created by combining a base plate (22) with a fluid guide plate (1) and a cover plate (12).
- An additional reactor module is created by adding an intermediate plate (6) and a further fluid guide plate (1).
- 3 shows the parallelization of three microcapillary reactors. The liquid and gaseous reactants are each fed via a common feed line and distributed evenly among the individual reaction units. The liquid or gaseous phases collected are also discharged via a common line. This creates a modular reaction system with a freely scalable number of intermediate plates (6) and fluid guide plates (1).
- the individual plates or layers can be held together by screw connections or clamp presses when it comes to a detachable connection. Welding, bonding, gluing, soldering or riveting can also be used if such a reaction system is not to be changed after assembly.
- the invention further relates to a process for producing a microreactor according to the invention for carrying out chemical reactions, which comprises the following steps: a. Manufacture of plates or layers, the surfaces of which are processed with micro and / or precision engineering in such a way that they can be combined with another plate or layer
- steps (a) and or (b) can be carried out by etching, laser and water jet cutting and drilling, stamping and embossing, milling, planing, micro-spark erosion, deep drawing, stamping and drilling, injection molding and sintering, and a LIGA process and with combinations of the same.
- the fluid guide plates (1) in step (b) are preferably produced from two elements. Openings instead of notches are produced on a first plate (41), so that a rust is formed. This is applied to a second, non-structured plate (42).
- the two elements can be made of the same or different materials.
- the layers must be stacked on top of one another in such a way that, on the one hand, the fluid guides and partitions are completely preserved. Secondly, there must be a completely liquid and gas tight connection between the individual layers.
- the materials from which the panels are made primarily depend on the materials to be processed and chemical processes.
- the materials suitable for chemistry are metal, glass, ceramic, plastic and semiconductor building materials, as well as combinations of these materials.
- the following materials are preferably used: graphite, ceramic, plastics, catalytically active materials, stainless steel or tantalum. Combinations of different materials are possible.
- catalytically active metals form or are applied to the material of the fluid guide plate (1), e.g. by vapor deposition or coating.
- the invention provides a modular, miniaturized reaction system that is suitable due to its microstructure for carrying out reactions in which at least one fluid reaction partner is implemented with at least one gaseous reaction partner and that by implementing a variable number of intermediate plates (6 ) and fluid guide plates (1) allow a free scalability of the quantity.
- the microreactor system according to the invention has a number of advantages which are of great importance for carrying out such reactions and which are not found in conventional microreactors or downpipe reactors: a.
- the thin layer thicknesses that can be achieved in the microreactors according to the invention improve the diffusive mixing over the liquid layer cross section.
- the invention therefore furthermore relates to a process, in particular a continuous process, for carrying out chemical reactions between a reaction partner in fluid form and a gaseous reaction partner in spaces formed by two or more plates or layers of a microreactor according to the invention to form one or more gaseous, liquid, dissolved and / or suspended reaction products, characterized in that the fluid reaction partner only flows due to the influence of gravity and / or capillary forces in at least one essentially uninterrupted capillary thread along the surface of at least one plate or layer while contacting and reacting with the gaseous reactant.
- the at least two reactants are reacted in the presence of at least one diluent in a microreactor according to the invention.
- Preferred diluents are optionally halogenated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2,2-trifluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzene, toluene or chlorobenzene; or ethers such as, for example, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran; Ketones or amides such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone; or alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol; or acetonitrile or water or mixtures of these
- reactions according to the invention are reductions of reducible chemical compounds with gaseous hydrogen, in particular catalytic hydrogenations of organic nitro compounds.
- Amines are often obtained by reducing nitro compounds. Catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen using a heterogeneous catalyst is often the only practicable, as gentle method. There are some problems with conventional operation in a shaking reactor, stirred tank or in an autoclave:
- microreactor according to the invention offers the following advantages:
- the heat of reaction is dissipated very quickly and fewer side reactions occur, i.e. selectivity is increased.
- the end product is obtained in a purer form.
- halogenations of halogenatable chemical compounds with gaseous chlorine or fluorine in particular the chlorination of aliphatic carboxylic acids and the fluorination of aromatics.
- Chlorination of acetic acid is carried out conventionally in bubble column reactors.
- monochloroacetic acid produces over 3% dichloroacetic acid. This has to be separated using complex and expensive reprocessing processes.
- the proportion of 1,1-dichloroacetic acid can be reduced to below 0.05%.
- Direct fluorinations with elemental fluorine are the alternative options for the selective fluorination of aromatics for the Balz-Schiemann reaction and the Halex process.
- the main problems are the high reactivity of elementary fluorine, which adds non-specific substitution to the aromatics, and the high exothermic nature of reactions with elemental fluorine, which makes these reactions difficult to control.
- Driving with microcapillary reactors enables optimal temperature control and thus high selectivity with minimal risk.
- alkoxylations especially the ethoxylation of alkoxylatable chemical compounds, in particular the reaction of carboxylic acids, phenols and alcohols with gaseous epoxides.
- Various catalysts are used in the ethoxylation of fatty alcohols or fatty acids.
- Alkoxylations for example the ethoxylation of fat derivatives, are carried out with basic catalysts (for example alkali hydroxides) which are as inexpensive as possible.
- reaction of fatty alcohols, especially lauryl alcohol, with ethylene oxide in the microcapillary reactor according to the invention provides the following advantages:
- processes according to the invention are oxidations of oxidizable chemical compounds with gaseous oxygen or ozone, in particular melt oxidation of polyethylene waxes, reactions with phosgene and reactions with hydrocyanic acid.
- the reaction is carried out in a microreactor according to FIG. 3. There will be 9
- Intermediate plates (6) are used, i.e. a 10-fold parallel arrangement.
- the base plate (12), cover plate (22) and intermediate plates (6) consist of graphite, the fluid guide plate
- (1) consists of graphite with a palladium coating.
- Fluid guide plate length 15 cm, width 10 cm, thickness 300 ⁇ m,
- Capillary grooves width 200 ⁇ m, depth 80 ⁇ m, ridges: width 35 ⁇ m
- the solution is at 50 ° C with a flow rate of 5 ml / min
- the product l-ethoxalyl-2 (4-aminophenyl) hydrazine is obtained in quantitative yield.
- the reaction is carried out in a microreactor according to FIG. 3. There will be 4
- Fluid guide plate length 30 cm, width 10 cm, thickness 2000 ⁇ m,
- Capillary grooves width 1500 ⁇ m, depth 300 ⁇ m,
- Acetic acid and 15 mol% acetyl chloride are continuously fed together to a microcapillary reactor.
- a throughput of 45 g / min of liquid is set.
- the temperature is adjusted to 180 ° C.
- chlorine gas is passed through in direct current in such a way that the proportion of chlorine in the exhaust gas flow falls below 0.1%.
- the exhaust gas and the product are led together from the microcapillary reactor into a separating tank, where the liquid and gaseous phases are separated.
- acid chlorides and anhydrides still present in the liquid crude acid are converted to the free acids.
- the hydrogen chloride formed is removed.
- the proportion of monochloroacetic acid in the liquid reaction product is about 85%.
- the unreacted acetic acid (11-12%) is distilled off at 150 mbar and 80 ° C.
- the proportion of dichloroacetic acid is less than 0.05%. Further cleaning is therefore not necessary.
- the reaction is carried out in a microreactor according to FIG. 2, although no intermediate plates (6) are used.
- the base (12) and cover plates (22) and the fluid guide plate (1) consist of a nickel-copper alloy (M? «E // - metal). dimensions
- Fluid guide plate length 5 cm, width 7 cm, thickness 200 ⁇ m, capillary grooves: width 100 ⁇ m, depth 50 ⁇ m, ridges: width 40 ⁇ m
- the reactions are carried out in a microreactor according to FIG. 2, but no intermediate plates (6) are used.
- the bottom, cover and fluid guide plates are made of steel. dimensions
- Fluid guide plate length 20 cm, width 10 cm, thickness 300 ⁇ m,
- Capillary grooves width 200 ⁇ m, depth 70 ⁇ m, ridges: width 30 ⁇ m
- Lauryl alcohol with 1% by weight catalyst (NaOH, dissolved in lauryl alcohol) is continuously fed to a microcapillary reactor. A throughput of 2 g / min of liquid is set. Gaseous ethylene oxide is passed through countercurrent at an overpressure of 1 bar. The reaction product is removed and the catalyst is filtered off.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10036602A DE10036602A1 (de) | 2000-07-27 | 2000-07-27 | Mikroreaktor für Reaktionen zwischen Gasen und Flüssigkeiten |
| DE10036602 | 2000-07-27 | ||
| PCT/EP2001/008622 WO2002009866A2 (de) | 2000-07-27 | 2001-07-25 | Mikroreaktor für reaktionen zwischen gasen und flüssigkeiten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1349650A2 true EP1349650A2 (de) | 2003-10-08 |
Family
ID=7650404
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01958021A Withdrawn EP1349650A2 (de) | 2000-07-27 | 2001-07-25 | Mikroreaktor für reaktionen zwischen gasen und flüssigkeiten |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7247276B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1349650A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10036602A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002009866A2 (de) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2002009866A2 (de) | 2002-02-07 |
| US7247276B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
| WO2002009866A3 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
| DE10036602A1 (de) | 2002-02-14 |
| US20040156762A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
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