EP1330595B1 - Filtres a particules pour la purification des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne - Google Patents

Filtres a particules pour la purification des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1330595B1
EP1330595B1 EP01983647A EP01983647A EP1330595B1 EP 1330595 B1 EP1330595 B1 EP 1330595B1 EP 01983647 A EP01983647 A EP 01983647A EP 01983647 A EP01983647 A EP 01983647A EP 1330595 B1 EP1330595 B1 EP 1330595B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
filter body
ignitors
igniters
filter according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01983647A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1330595A2 (fr
Inventor
Sébastien BARDON
Craig Willkens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
Publication of EP1330595A2 publication Critical patent/EP1330595A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1330595B1 publication Critical patent/EP1330595B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/10—Residue burned
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of ceramic igniters for the regeneration of particulate filters for purifying the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines fitted to motor vehicles.
  • Porous honeycomb structures are used as filter bodies for the filtration of particles emitted by diesel vehicles.
  • these filtering bodies are ceramic (cordierite, silicon carbide, etc.). They can be monolithic or consist of different blocks. In the latter case, the blocks are assembled together by bonding with a ceramic cement. The whole is then machined to give it the desired section, round or ovoid in general.
  • the filter body may comprise a plurality of channels, closed at one or the other of their ends, which may have, in cross section, different shapes and diameters and is inserted into a metal envelope, for example as described in FR-A-2 789 327.
  • soot accumulates in the channels of the filter body, in particular on the upstream face, which increases the pressure drop due to the filter body and thus reduces the engine performance. For this reason, the filter body must be regenerated regularly (eg every 500 kilometers).
  • Regeneration consists of oxidizing soot. To do this, it is necessary to heat as the soot self-ignition temperature is of the order of 600 ° C under conventional operating conditions while the temperature of the exhaust gas is only the order of 300 ° C. It is possible, however, to add additives to the fuel that catalyze the soot oxidation reaction and lower the autoignition temperature by about 150 ° C. The heating may concern the exhaust gas, the filter body or even the soot directly. Different techniques have been developed but they require a lot of energy and are very often difficult to control.
  • a recent and advantageous approach is to heat locally (in front of the filter body) so as to initiate combustion which then spreads gradually to the entire filter body.
  • This type of technique is for example described in FR-A-2,771,449 or DE-A-19530749.
  • the means for heating the particles deposited on the filter body are connected to a source of electrical energy supply to the vehicle and consist, for example, of glow plugs for diesel engine.
  • FIG. 2 of FR-A-2 771 449 clearly shows that it is not possible to place these heating means in direct contact with the soot and even less in the core of the filter body. Moreover, it is found that the presence of these heating means makes a number of channels of the filter body inaccessible to the exhaust which greatly reduces its effectiveness. On the other hand, the energy consumed is important and, as the rise in temperature is rather slow, the regeneration system therefore has a poor response time.
  • the invention aims to satisfy this need.
  • the subject of the invention is a particulate filter for purifying the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, comprising a filtering body and heating means for said filtering body, characterized in that said means comprise at least one hot-point type ceramic igniter.
  • Hot-spot ceramic igniters are commercially available and are small parts which, when traversed by an electric current, are locally raised to a very high temperature (1200 to 1400 ° C) for ignition of gas. These parts are used in some household appliances such as gas stoves, for example, to light the burners. These igniters are usually made of a highly resistive ceramic material such as silicon carbide, sometimes mixed with other ceramic components.
  • ceramic hot spot igniters consume little energy since they have a small surface to be heated and the ceramic materials used are perfectly adapted. Thus, they can be powered by the energy source (s) of the vehicle on which the filter is mounted.
  • each igniter makes possible the simultaneous use of several igniters as tests have shown.
  • the number of igniters can be more or less important depending on their characteristics and the type of filter on which they are used.
  • the small size of the igniters allows a very precise positioning. This may be advantageous in particular to cover well areas where it is known that the regeneration is poor in conventional systems, usually at the periphery of the filter body.
  • the small size of these heat sources also makes it possible to get as close as possible to the filter body; one can even have a point of contact between the hot spot of the igniter and the filter body or the soot deposited on its surface.
  • said filter body comprises a plurality of filter blocks assembled via at least one bonding zone, also called “assembly joint", at least one of said igniters being disposed in the thickness of said zone.
  • the invention finally relates to a device according to claim 10.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show a filter comprising a filter body 1 housed in a metal casing 2.
  • the filter body 1 consists of blocks bonded to each other and pierced with multiple channels as will be seen better in Figure 2b.
  • the exhaust gases arrive via the inlet 4.
  • four ceramic hot spot igniters 3 pass through the metal shell 2. They are positioned in orthogonal planes in pairs and either obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the filter ( Figure 1a) or perpendicular to this axis ( Figure 1b) by ensuring that the hot spot 3 'of each igniter is located near immediate upstream face of the filter body. The radiation and the emission of heat thus make it possible to ignite the soot and to initiate their combustion by propagation in all the filtering body.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate an embodiment in which the igniters are carried by a ring 5 disposed in the metal casing 2 just in front of the filtering body 1.
  • a ceramic cement of the same type as that used to glue the different blocks of channels constituting the filter body.
  • This ring 5 may be made of the same material as the filter body and has the same section. In this example, it is a circular section as shown in Figure 2b.
  • Four ceramic igniters 3 are distributed equiangularly around the inner periphery of the ring 5 for example as best shown in FIG. 2b.
  • This embodiment has several advantages over those of FIGS. 1a and 1b.
  • this embodiment has the additional advantage of not affecting at all the operation of the filter. Indeed, the igniters being positioned opposite bonding areas 6, this avoids clogging channels.
  • This embodiment relates to a filter whose filter body consists of the assembly of different blocks of square section but the principle of mounting igniters on a separate support of the filter body and contiguous thereto could apply to other designs of filter bodies.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b also illustrate an embodiment in which a ring 5 "has been inserted into the metal casing 2 in front of the filtering body 1.
  • the ring circumscribes a support grid 8 made of the same material as the ring and In the intersections 9 of the grid are fixed four ceramic igniters 3 oriented perpendicularly to the grid and inserted inside channels of the filtering body As previously, a few sections of the grid have been schematized in the background. channels 7.
  • FIG. 4 shows the upstream face of a filtering body 1 housed in a metal casing 2.
  • the filtering body consists of blocks bonded to each other according to bonding zones 6.
  • the schematization followed the same rules as for the figures 2b and 3b.
  • the upstream face of the filter body has been machined at the location of the bonding areas 6 so as to form recesses in which are embedded the ceramic igniters 3. These can be glued or not on the face filter body.
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment in which the casing and the filter body are drilled to provide bores in which the ceramic igniters 3 are inserted. With this embodiment, it avoids heating the gas flow and all the heat energy is transmitted to the soot.
  • ceramic igniters operate under these particular conditions of use. Indeed, they are commonly used to ignite a gas that surrounds them, and in the new application present, they are most often in contact with solid particles to ignite, or in direct contact or through an adhesive with the ceramic filter. This contact changes the operation of the igniters: with equivalent energy supplied, the operating temperature will be lower. In this application it will be of the order of 1000 ° C whereas the igniters conventionally used, are brought to temperatures of the order of 1200 to 1400 ° C. However, if we wanted, we could bring more energy and thus reach higher temperatures. These temperature levels suggest that the transmission of heat is mainly by emission.
  • the soot does not necessarily accumulate homogeneously, for example accumulating preferentially in the area of the filter body located near its longitudinal axis.
  • the soot combustion thus causes a temperature rise in the core of the filter body 1 greater than that in the peripheral areas.
  • the heterogeneity of the temperatures in the filter body 1 produces high thermomechanical stresses, which can be at the origin of cracks decreasing the service life of the particulate filter.
  • the filter according to the present invention makes it possible to establish and maintain a substantially homogeneous temperature in the filter body 1.
  • the device represented in FIG. 7 comprises igniters 3a, 3b and 3c connected to a computer 18 via electrical wires 20a, 20b and 20c, respectively, and evaluation means 22 of the heat stresses. in the filter body 1.
  • the evaluation means 22 are able to inform the computer 18.
  • the evaluation means 22 may comprise means for measuring the temperature gradients within the filter body 1, for example temperature sensors arranged in the filter body 1, and means for deriving the thermomechanical stresses. They may also include modeling means capable of evaluating these gradients and / or thermomechanical stresses, for example as a function of the vehicle running time.
  • the computer 18 Upon receipt of information "i" alerting it to the presence and position of unacceptable local thermomechanical stresses, for example because they exceed a predetermined threshold, the computer 18 sends an ignition current to one or several lighters 3a-3c so as to cause the heating of the relatively cold areas affected by these constraints.
  • the heating reduces the temperature gradient and, as a result, the intensity of the thermomechanical stresses.
  • the hot-spot ceramic igniters 3a-3c can advantageously be introduced into the thickness of the bonding zones.
  • igniters in and / or near the filter body could be done in various other ways, taking advantage of the small size of the ceramic igniters used in the invention.
  • igniters for reasons of simplification, we have only represented igniters in the form of rods, but it would be possible to use igniters having other shapes and dimensions adapted to the use for the regeneration of the filters according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
EP01983647A 2000-10-31 2001-10-29 Filtres a particules pour la purification des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP1330595B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0013998 2000-10-31
FR0013998A FR2816002B1 (fr) 2000-10-31 2000-10-31 Filtres a particules pour la purification des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne comportant des allumeurs ceramiques
PCT/FR2001/003358 WO2002036941A2 (fr) 2000-10-31 2001-10-29 Filtres a particules pour la purification des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1330595A2 EP1330595A2 (fr) 2003-07-30
EP1330595B1 true EP1330595B1 (fr) 2006-05-03

Family

ID=8855956

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01983647A Expired - Lifetime EP1330595B1 (fr) 2000-10-31 2001-10-29 Filtres a particules pour la purification des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US6989048B2 (xx)
EP (1) EP1330595B1 (xx)
JP (1) JP2004522887A (xx)
CN (1) CN1471611A (xx)
AR (1) AR034420A1 (xx)
AT (1) ATE325259T1 (xx)
AU (2) AU1508402A (xx)
BR (1) BR0115040A (xx)
CA (1) CA2426574C (xx)
DE (1) DE60119362T2 (xx)
DK (1) DK1330595T3 (xx)
ES (1) ES2262691T3 (xx)
FR (1) FR2816002B1 (xx)
PL (1) PL361029A1 (xx)
PT (1) PT1330595E (xx)
RU (1) RU2266411C9 (xx)
WO (1) WO2002036941A2 (xx)
ZA (1) ZA200304232B (xx)

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FR2835565B1 (fr) * 2002-02-05 2004-10-22 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches Procede de gestion de moyens de decolmatage d'un filtre a particules
FI20031207A (fi) * 2003-05-13 2005-02-08 Hydrocell Ltd Oy Suodatusmenetelmä ja suodatinlaite
JP4461778B2 (ja) * 2003-11-19 2010-05-12 日本電気株式会社 携帯端末機器
FR2874964B1 (fr) * 2004-09-06 2009-05-29 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches Structure de filtration des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne et ligne d'echappement associee
FR2874963B1 (fr) * 2004-09-06 2008-03-14 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches Structure de filtration des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne et ligne d'echappement associee
FR2876731A1 (fr) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-21 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches Structure de filtration des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne et ligne d'echappement associee
US20060084477A1 (en) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-20 Mobile (R&D) Ltd. Custom navigation menu for a mobile device
US7931715B2 (en) * 2007-02-12 2011-04-26 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. DPF heater attachment mechanisms
US7862635B2 (en) * 2007-02-12 2011-01-04 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Shielded regeneration heating element for a particulate filter
US7594940B2 (en) * 2007-06-08 2009-09-29 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Electrically heated particulate filter diagnostic systems and methods
US8112990B2 (en) * 2007-09-14 2012-02-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Low exhaust temperature electrically heated particulate matter filter system
US8156737B2 (en) 2007-09-18 2012-04-17 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Elevated exhaust temperature, zoned, electrically-heated particulate matter filter
EP2078834B1 (en) * 2008-01-10 2014-06-04 Haldor Topsoe A/S Method and system for purification of exhaust gas from diesel engines
KR101401529B1 (ko) * 2008-04-23 2014-06-17 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 배기가스 저감장치 및 그 제어방법
EP2172271B1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2018-08-29 General Electric Technology GmbH A method and a device for controlling the power supplied to an electrostatic precipitator
JP5426408B2 (ja) * 2009-09-18 2014-02-26 本田技研工業株式会社 エアクリーナ装置
ES2394411B1 (es) * 2009-11-24 2013-12-05 Eusebio Moro Franco Equipo para depuracion de aire
DE102010013990A1 (de) 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Verfahren und Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung zur Regeneration einer Abgasreinigungskomponente
US8726642B2 (en) * 2011-11-22 2014-05-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrically heated particulate filter restrike methods and systems
CN106321195A (zh) * 2015-06-17 2017-01-11 杨琦 一种柴油汽车金属颗粒捕集器的再生方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2816002B1 (fr) 2003-06-20
DK1330595T3 (da) 2006-08-14
DE60119362D1 (de) 2006-06-08
US6989048B2 (en) 2006-01-24
ES2262691T3 (es) 2006-12-01
RU2266411C9 (ru) 2006-04-20
CN1471611A (zh) 2004-01-28
JP2004522887A (ja) 2004-07-29
WO2002036941A3 (fr) 2003-04-24
FR2816002A1 (fr) 2002-05-03
PL361029A1 (en) 2004-09-20
AU2002215084B2 (en) 2005-11-24
CA2426574A1 (en) 2002-05-10
CA2426574C (en) 2008-08-26
DE60119362T2 (de) 2007-05-10
PT1330595E (pt) 2006-08-31
AR034420A1 (es) 2004-02-25
ATE325259T1 (de) 2006-06-15
EP1330595A2 (fr) 2003-07-30
WO2002036941A2 (fr) 2002-05-10
RU2266411C2 (ru) 2005-12-20
AU1508402A (en) 2002-05-15
BR0115040A (pt) 2004-02-03
ZA200304232B (en) 2004-08-27
US20040025500A1 (en) 2004-02-12

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