EP1330579A1 - Batiment a faible consommation d'energie - Google Patents

Batiment a faible consommation d'energie

Info

Publication number
EP1330579A1
EP1330579A1 EP01992813A EP01992813A EP1330579A1 EP 1330579 A1 EP1330579 A1 EP 1330579A1 EP 01992813 A EP01992813 A EP 01992813A EP 01992813 A EP01992813 A EP 01992813A EP 1330579 A1 EP1330579 A1 EP 1330579A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
low
energy building
building according
energy
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01992813A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sabine Helmet-Hruschka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hochtief Fertigteilbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Hochtief Fertigteilbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hochtief Fertigteilbau GmbH filed Critical Hochtief Fertigteilbau GmbH
Publication of EP1330579A1 publication Critical patent/EP1330579A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F24F5/005Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using energy from the ground by air circulation, e.g. "Canadian well"
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7679Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40Geothermal heat-pumps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54Free-cooling systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/90Passive houses; Double facade technology

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low-energy building, in particular a passive building, with thermal insulation.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a low-energy building, in particular a passive house building, which can be produced inexpensively.
  • thermal insulation surrounds wall surfaces, roof surfaces and the floor surface essentially as a closed shell from the outside. Because the thermal insulation surrounds the house from the outside, it is possible to attach the thermal insulation to the low-energy building at low cost. The entire house is packed with thermal insulation, so to speak. In addition, the normally thermal bridging connection points at the corners and edges of the building are not a problem.
  • Thermal insulation can be realized with conventional insulation materials, with insulation thicknesses of 30 cm and more preferably being implemented at least in the outer wall and roof area.
  • vacuum insulation can also be used, with which the entire thickness of the insulation material can be reduced with the same heat transfer coefficient. It is important to ensure that the building is sealed as airtight as possible by the thermal insulation.
  • thermal bridges play a major role in conventional thermal insulation materials. These thermal bridges result from the fact that air flows around, around and through insulating materials and components.
  • the so-called blower door measurement technology is usually used to check the airtightness of the thermal insulation.
  • the blower generates a pressure difference between the interior of the building and the external environment, which is detected with the aid of a differential pressure measuring device.
  • the volume flow required to maintain a given pressure difference is a measure of the airtightness of the thermal insulation.
  • the application of the thermal insulation from the outside according to the invention has the additional advantage that points at which the airtightness is not optimal can be easily identified and eliminated even in a late stage shortly before the building is completed.
  • the arrangement of the thermal insulation according to the invention provides further cost advantages, since the wall surface which belongs to at least two row houses does not have to be insulated ,
  • a whole series of terraced houses are arranged side by side, which together form the low-energy building according to the invention, so that only the outer walls of the low-energy building but not the outer walls of the terraced houses, which abut adjacent terraced houses, must be insulated.
  • this floor slab extends over at least two terraced houses, but preferably over all row houses, so that the floor slab of the low-energy building can be insulated in one piece without the risk of thermal bridges.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment provides that there is no foundation below the base plate, but only the thermal insulation. It has been shown that the heat transfer between the substrate and the floor slab otherwise contributes significantly to the energy requirements of the building and can be significantly reduced by this measure. Pointed support loads are avoided due to the continuous base plate.
  • the base plate lies only on a possibly pre-compacted flat surface. The support loads are distributed over the entire floor slab, so that damage to the thermal insulation by point support loads is excluded.
  • the base plate is expediently applied to a compacted bed so that the thermal insulation is between the base plate and the bed.
  • the arrangement according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to insulate a whole row of neighboring terraced houses from below, continuously and without any thermal bridge.
  • a mineral plaster which preferably consists of a reinforcing compound, glass fiber fabric, bitumen paint, plaster base and / or top coat, is applied to the outside of the thermal insulation of the wall surface.
  • roof tiles are arranged on the outside of the thermal insulation of the roof surface, which are preferably hung in the insulation. This measure can further reduce the manufacturing costs of the low-energy building, since no additional fastening slats need to be present on the thermal insulation by hanging the roof tiles in the thermal insulation.
  • At least one heating water tank is provided, which is preferably arranged in the attic.
  • the heating water tank which in a practical embodiment for a family home has a volume between 200 and 1000 l, preferably between 400 and 800 l, particularly preferably about 500 l, is used for energy storage. Heat energy or heating energy required in the building is taken from the heating water tank, while excess energy, which may be supplied from outside, is stored in the heating water tank.
  • the building consists of several self-contained units, e.g. B. terraced houses, there can either be a common heating water storage tank for all units or a separate heating water storage tank for each unit, the latter variant being advantageous to enable the most individual possible temperature control for all units.
  • the heating water tank expediently has insulation which is preferably more than 5 cm, particularly preferably about 10 cm thick. This ensures that the heat energy stored in the heating water tank can be stored over a very long period of time, so that the heat energy stored in warm days can be used in cold days.
  • Heating Water which is located in an essentially closed circuit, is advantageously provided as the storage medium for the heating water storage. This has the advantage that the heating water tank can be used not only for the production of (domestic) hot water, but also for the production of, for example, warm air.
  • At least one solar collector is advantageously provided, which is preferably arranged on the south-facing side wall and / or the roof surface.
  • the very low energy requirements of the low-energy building or the passive house can be covered almost exclusively by a solar collector.
  • the solar collector preferably has a solar storage circuit which, in the preferred embodiment, is separate from the heating water storage circuit.
  • As a storage medium for the solar storage circuit expediently come frost-proof media with a high
  • the solar storage circuit is advantageously connected to the heating water storage via a heat exchanger. This makes it possible to transfer the energy absorbed by the solar collector into the energy circuit of the heating water tank.
  • the heating water storage tank thus functions as a long-term storage tank for solar heat and serves to bridge so-called "solar failure days". The low-energy building can thus be heated with solar energy even on days when, due to the weather, there is almost no heating of the solar storage circuit.
  • a solar collector is primarily understood to mean a system that converts incident sunlight into thermal energy. Of course, however, a photovoltaic system can be used successfully instead or in combination.
  • the solar collector system consists of flat-plate collectors, preferably with a selective tinox coating.
  • the solar collectors are preferably built into the roof and particularly preferably extend essentially over the entire width of the building. As a result, the solar collectors are less noticeable and a uniform optical effect is achieved.
  • the fact that the solar collectors are integrated in the roof means that there is no need for roof tiles in the area of the solar collectors, so that the costs of the low-energy building are further minimized.
  • An embodiment is particularly preferred in which the solar collector system extends essentially in the form of a band, preferably on the ridge of the roof.
  • a conventional heating system which can be connected to the heating water tank if required. If, especially in cold winter days, the thermal energy stored in the heating water tank is not sufficient to keep the internal temperature in the low-energy building at a desired level, energy can be supplied to the heating water tank using the heating system.
  • the heating system is advantageously designed as a district heating system. This district heating system, for example, supplies several low-energy buildings with thermal energy.
  • the district heating system can also be arranged in just one residential unit or at any central location, so that all residential units in the low-energy building can be supplied by the district heating system if required. Due to the very low heating requirements of the low-energy building according to the invention, it is possible to deviate from the usual heating load calculation according to DIN 4701. The heat can be distributed in the building using many different systems. Air heating with a ventilation system is particularly preferred. As a result, the heating of the low-energy building can be implemented very inexpensively.
  • the ventilation system preferably has air channels for exhaust air and outside air and / or for supply and exhaust air.
  • Supply and exhaust air is understood to be the air that is supplied to and removed from the individual rooms in the building by the ventilation system.
  • Exhaust air or outside air is understood to be that air which is discharged from the building (exhaust air) or which is supplied to the building from outside (outside air).
  • a supply air outlet is preferably arranged in the majority of the rooms, preferably only one exhaust air intake being provided on each floor.
  • the exhaust air intake is expediently arranged in those rooms which, due to their intended use, can be particularly odor-laden. If, for example, there is a kitchen on the floor in question, the exhaust air intake should, if possible, be arranged in the kitchen in order to prevent odors that usually occur during cooking from being passed through the other rooms.
  • a counterflow heat exchanger is preferably provided for transferring part of the thermal energy in the exhaust air to the supply air. Furthermore, a counterflow heat exchanger can be provided for transferring part of the thermal energy in the exhaust air to the outside air.
  • the outside air is led through the geothermal heat exchanger so that the outside air is preheated to around + 8 ° C in winter.
  • the geothermal heat exchanger ensures that the outside air is cooled to around + 8 ° C before it enters the building.
  • the geothermal heat exchanger therefore serves as a kind of natural air conditioning.
  • the low-energy building advantageously has windows with triple glazing. This triple glazing ensures that radiant heat can be transferred into the building through direct sunlight, but heat transfer from the inside to the outside is practically prevented.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a low-energy building with a basement
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a low-energy building without a basement
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a low-energy building with several houses
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged detail of the base plate of the low-energy building from FIGS. 1 to 3,
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the heating and ventilation system
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the roof with a solar collector system
  • Figure 7 is a rear view of the low energy building according to the invention.
  • Figure 8 is a detailed view of a door with ventilation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the low-energy building 1 according to the invention. It can be clearly seen that the entire building is surrounded by thermal insulation 2. This applies not only to the wall and roof surfaces, but also to the floor slab 3. The low-energy building therefore has no conventional foundation, but the base plate 3 is placed directly on the thermal insulation 2, which in turn rests on a correspondingly pre-compacted surface.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment without a basement is shown in FIG.
  • the entire building 1 is surrounded by thermal insulation 2.
  • the base plate 3 is here at the level of the ground floor.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged detail of the base plate.
  • the floor slab 3 lies on the thermal insulation 2.
  • the floor structure in the embodiment shown is composed from top to bottom, ie from the inside out, as follows.
  • the top layer is the carpet 9.
  • a layer of cement screed 8 is arranged below the carpet, which in turn lies on a film 7.
  • the base plate 3 is provided under the film, an impact sound insulation and / or a further insulation plate optionally being able to be provided.
  • a further film 7 is arranged, under which the actual thermal insulation 2 is located. This in turn lies on a cleanliness layer 4, which is delimited at the bottom by a further film.
  • a compressed bed 5 which here consists of a capillary-breaking bed. A foundation is not required.
  • the heart of the heating system is the heating storage unit 12 with a heating water storage 14, preferably arranged in the attic, which in the embodiment shown has a capacity of approximately 500 l.
  • the heating water tank 14 is very well insulated. Heating water is provided as the storage medium, not domestic water. The water stored in the heating water storage 14 can therefore be fed directly into the radiator.
  • a hot water heat exchanger 20 is provided for generating hot service water, which in the embodiment shown is integrated in the storage jacket of the heating water storage 14.
  • the hot water heat exchanger 20 is fed with warm heating water from the heating water tank 14.
  • a circulation line 22 is also provided, by means of which the warm water can circulate in the building via a circuit.
  • the heating water tank 14 is loaded with heat primarily with the aid of the solar installation unit 13, which is connected to a solar collector 16.
  • the solar collector has its own storage circuit 17, 17 'with a storage tank 15.
  • the solar storage circuit is connected to the heating water storage 14 via the heat exchanger 18.
  • Thermal energy is fed from the solar collector 16 via the feed line 17 into the heat exchanger 18 and via the discharge line 17 'to the solar collector 16 again.
  • a solar control unit 29 can separate the solar storage circuit from the heating water storage if the temperature in the solar storage circuit is below a certain agreed, preferably adjustable, limit temperature.
  • a district heating system 19 is also provided, which can heat the heating water tank 14 if necessary.
  • the district heating boiler can be located outside the building.
  • the heating water tank 14 is connected to the ventilation heating register 27 and static radiators 28. In the embodiment shown, only a static radiator is provided in the bathroom, since a slightly elevated temperature is often desired in the bathroom compared to the other rooms.
  • the ventilation heating register 27 is controlled via the ventilation control 23, to which an air duct temperature sensor 24, an outside temperature sensor 25 and a remote control with a room sensor are connected.
  • the ventilation system consists of a central ventilation heating register with controller 23, the air ducts for outside, exhaust, supply and exhaust air, the geothermal heat exchanger and a control unit 23.
  • the ventilation heating register 27 works exclusively with exhaust air and outside air. There is no air recirculation here. In other words, there is no closed air circuit.
  • a cross-counterflow heat exchanger is provided, which transfers the heat contained in the exhaust air to the supply air. In the embodiment shown, at least 85% of the heat contained in the exhaust air is transferred to the supply air. This makes it possible, for example, to achieve a supply air temperature of approx. 18 ° C at a room temperature of 20 ° C.
  • a bypass flap is provided, by means of which the supply air temperature can be controlled according to the user's wishes. This also allows cooling via the ventilation system. If the supply air temperature is too low, a heating valve opens and the heating register 27 heats the air to a maximum of approx. 40 ° C.
  • the supply air is channeled.
  • the channels are made of sheet metal and not insulated, so that part of the heat is supplied to the individual rooms via thermal radiation. This means that the air cools down to a maximum temperature of 30 ° C within the sheet metal channels. The maximum air temperature of 30 ° C emerges from the supply air outlets and immediately mixes with the room air. Because of the relatively small temperature difference between the supply air and the indoor climate, you don't feel any "warm air draft".
  • the central ventilation unit 27 has regulated direct current fans with extremely low power consumption.
  • the air ducts are large in size, so that low pressure losses and only negligible flow noises occur.
  • a standard fabric filter and optionally an electrostatic filter are installed in the ventilation system, so that the supply air is in any case cleaner than the outside is air.
  • the air volume that is circulated by the ventilation system can preferably be switched in several stages using a remote control. It is envisaged that the outside air will be sucked in via an earth heat exchanger. This serves on the one hand to gain heat in winter, since the air drawn in has a temperature of around + 8 ° C and on the other hand to cool the air in summer.
  • the geothermal heat exchanger is an advantage because the heat exchanger in the ventilation system is prevented from icing up by damp and very cold air in winter.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the arrangement of the solar collector on the roof.
  • the collector is integrated in the roof, i. H. is not placed on the roof tiles as in conventional arrangements.
  • the wooden planks 32 can be seen, which extend over the entire width of the collector.
  • the collector 16 is provided at the top and bottom with an upper plate 31 or lower plate 33.
  • the concrete roof tile 30 is arranged so that it extends over the top plate 31. It can be clearly seen in FIG. 7 that the solar collector 16, which is designed here as a flat roof collector, extends essentially over the entire width of the low-energy building.
  • FIG. A door 34 can be seen which separates two rooms.
  • the supply air is discharged via the supply air duct 35, which is arranged behind a suspended ceiling 36, via the supply air outlet 37 into the space on the left in the figure. So that the air can get from the supply air outlet to the exhaust air intake, which is arranged in the room on the right in the figure, an opening with a soundproofing plate is provided above the door 34. This ensures that, even when the door 34 is closed, no high pressure difference can occur between adjacent rooms in the building.
  • the soundproofing plate is preferably designed such that air can pass through the opening; However, light and sound can be reliably sealed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un bâtiment à faible consommation d'énergie, notamment un bâtiment passif, comprenant une isolation thermique. L'objectif de la présente invention est de pouvoir produire de manière économique un bâtiment à faible consommation d'énergie, notamment un bâtiment passif. A cette fin, ladite isolation thermique (2) entoure de l'extérieur, sensiblement sous forme de gaine close, des surfaces des parois, des surfaces du toit et la surface du sol.
EP01992813A 2000-11-03 2001-11-05 Batiment a faible consommation d'energie Withdrawn EP1330579A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10054607A DE10054607A1 (de) 2000-11-03 2000-11-03 Niedrigenergiegebäude
DE10054607 2000-11-03
PCT/DE2001/004108 WO2002036896A1 (fr) 2000-11-03 2001-11-05 Batiment a faible consommation d'energie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1330579A1 true EP1330579A1 (fr) 2003-07-30

Family

ID=7662083

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01992813A Withdrawn EP1330579A1 (fr) 2000-11-03 2001-11-05 Batiment a faible consommation d'energie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1330579A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002215836A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10054607A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002036896A1 (fr)

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CN112144921A (zh) * 2020-09-09 2020-12-29 湖南汇渠建筑科技有限公司 一种预制装配式建筑

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MX2012013153A (es) 2012-10-04 2014-04-28 M3 System Llc Una casa ecologica mejorada.
CN111305377A (zh) * 2020-03-06 2020-06-19 河北省建筑科学研究院有限公司 一种装配式钢结构超低能耗建筑处理方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002036896A1 (fr) 2002-05-10
AU2002215836A1 (en) 2002-05-15
DE10054607A1 (de) 2002-05-08

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