EP1330534A1 - Verfahren zur gewinnung von 12-hydroxystearinsäure - Google Patents
Verfahren zur gewinnung von 12-hydroxystearinsäureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1330534A1 EP1330534A1 EP01992491A EP01992491A EP1330534A1 EP 1330534 A1 EP1330534 A1 EP 1330534A1 EP 01992491 A EP01992491 A EP 01992491A EP 01992491 A EP01992491 A EP 01992491A EP 1330534 A1 EP1330534 A1 EP 1330534A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- castor oil
- acid
- lipase
- hydroxystearic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
- C12P7/6418—Fatty acids by hydrolysis of fatty acid esters
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of 12-hydroxystearic acid extraction and relates to a method for extracting 12-hydroxystearic acid from a native fat or oil, in particular from castor oil.
- 12-hydroxystearic acid is a C-18 fatty acid that is derived from ricinoleic acid and has the chemical formula C18H36O3. They are colorless crystals at room temperature.
- the 12-hydroxystearic acid is used in the form of its salts, the 12-hydroxystearates, as an intermediate for the production of plastic or as an ingredient in cosmetic products.
- Castor oil has been described as the starting compound for the production of 12-hydroxystearic acid. Depending on its origin, raw castor oil contains between 87 and 91% ricinoleic acid in the form of glycerides, 2% stearic and palmitic acid, 4-5% oleic acid and 4-5% linoleic acid. The acids are in the form of their glycerides.
- the castor oil is obtained by cold pressing the seeds of the castor bean, Ricinus communis.
- reaction conditions of a conventional fat cleavage process cannot be used to obtain the 12-hydroxystearic acid because the ricinoleic acid and the 12-hydroxystearic acid are destroyed under the conditions.
- the castor oil is first hydrogenated chemically via a heterogeneous metal catalytic reaction and this hardened oil is then chemically split by an alkaline ester cleavage and then neutralized by acid, so that 12-hydroxystearic acid is obtained.
- Lipase-catalyzed cleavage of castor oil is also known from the scientific literature. However, the work there cannot be transferred to technical applications.
- the use of a lipase from a pathogenic organism (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is described (Sharon et al. Indian. J. Expl. Biol., 1999, 37, 481ff).
- lipases from the pig pancreas are also used (Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 1992, 56, 1490ff), which would result in a loss of the "kosher" certification of the system or the by-product glycerol.
- the object of the present patent application was to develop a large-scale process with which it is possible to use 12-hydroxystearic acid in high yields and with high purity from a native fat, effectively, economically, in a few reaction steps, largely avoiding toxicologically and ecologically questionable reaction steps or produce oil.
- Another object of the present patent application was to provide a process for the production of 12-hydroxystearic acid, in which ricinoleic acid is accessible as an intermediate.
- the invention relates to a process for the recovery of 12-hydroxystearic acid and its salts from a native fat or oil, in particular from castor oil, characterized in that a) in a first step the native fat or oil is hydrolyzed under the catalytic action of one or more enzymes is at a temperature between 15 and 50 ° C, wherein ricinoleic acid is formed, b) the resulting glycerol and the enzyme are separated, c) the hydrolyzate is catalytically hydrogenated, d) the product thus obtained is made up.
- the order of the reaction steps is therefore essential to the invention.
- the enzymatic hydrolysis of the native fat or oil is to be carried out and then, after separating off the catalyst and the resulting glycerol, the products obtained are hydrogenated, the hydrogenation of the ricinoleic acid to the 12-hydroxystearic acid being feasible. This process leads to a product with very low odor and very low color intensity.
- the term native fat or oil is understood to mean all fats and oils which have a ricinoleic acid glyceride content of more than 50%.
- it is castor oil.
- castor oil, castor oil, castor oil or castor oil is synonymous with the term castor oil.
- the salts of 12-hydroxystearic acid are to be understood as the metal salts.
- it concerns the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts.
- reaction conditions according to the invention in reaction step a) of the enzymatic catalysis depend on the optimal reaction range of the selected enzymes.
- these are conditions in which, among other things, the reaction temperature is chosen between 15 and 50 ° C., preferably a temperature between 20 and 40 ° C., in particular a temperature of 35 ° C.
- the enzymatic catalysts to be used in step a) are selected from the group of hydrolases, especially the ester hydrolases, which are also referred to as lipases. It is in accordance with the invention preferred lipases to lipases from Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus species, Penicillium camenbertii, Pseudomonas cepacia, Candida Iipolytica, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium roqueforti, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus niveus, Mucor javanicus, Rhizomucor miehei and Thermomyces lanugenosus, in particular the lipase from Aspergillus oryzea or Thermomyces lanugenosus. Aspergillus oryzea, Bacillus species Rhizopus arrhizus or Thermo
- the lipases to be used according to the invention can be used alone or in combination with several enzymes, the combination of two enzymes being particularly preferred. These combinations preferably consist of lipases in which, on the one hand, the lipases specifically catalyze a 1,3-specific cleavage of glycerides, these are also referred to as 1,3-specific lipases, and other lipases which specifically mono- (2) -glyceride Catalyze cleavage.
- the selection can be optimized in individual cases so that, in the best case, none of the lipases used forms unwanted by-products of ricinoleic acid (dimers or lactones) via transesterification.
- the lipases from Thermomyces lanugenosus or Aspergillus oryzae or Rhizopus arrhizus are preferably combined with monoglyceride-specific Penicillium camenbertii or Bacillus species lipase.
- the lipases from Thermomyces lanugenosus with Penicillium camenbertii lipase are particularly preferably used.
- the enzymes to be used according to the invention can be used in various forms. In principle, all dosage forms of enzymes customary for the person skilled in the art can be used.
- the enzymes are preferably immobilized in pure form or as a technical enzyme preparation and / or used in solution, in particular in aqueous solution.
- the enzymes to be used according to the invention are used in an amount of 0.002 to 0.505% by weight, based on the total amount of native fat or oil used.
- the amount to be used is 0.002 to 0.140% by weight, and an amount of 0.0520 to 0.1004% by weight is particularly preferred.
- the use of 0.004 to 0.5% by weight of an aqueous solution based on the total amount of native fat or oil used is preferred.
- the use of 0.004 to 0.02% by weight of an aqueous solution of Penicillium camenbertii and / or 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of an aqueous solution of Thermomyces lanugenosus is particularly preferred.
- the proportion of active enzyme in the respective technical enzyme preparations varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. However, the proportion is on average 10% active enzyme
- Suitable buffers may be used as further reaction components.
- Suitable buffers for the purposes of the invention are those which can buffer lipase-catalyzed fat cleavage. These are buffer systems that must not destroy the lipase catalyst and must not impair its activity. These include, for example, the phosphate buffer or the carbonate buffer.
- the phosphate buffer is particularly preferred.
- the buffer to be used according to the invention is used in an amount of 0.01 to 0.2% by weight, based on the total amount of native fat or oil, and an amount of 0.01 to 0.05% is particularly preferred. -%. However, cleavage in the unbuffered system is particularly preferred.
- the degree of hydrolysis under the conditions mentioned is between 90 and 98%.
- the glycerol formed during the hydrolysis has to be separated off.
- the enzyme catalyst used must be separated.
- all possible separation processes can be used for separating the glycerol and the enzyme catalysts used, by means of which the compounds and catalysts mentioned can be separated off; preference is given to separating them by heating the reaction mixture to 70 ° C.-90 ° C.
- Separation by a phase separation is particularly preferred. This phase separation is achieved by gravity and the difference in density of the hydrolyzate mixture. In one possible embodiment it is in the separation process around centrifugation.
- the centrifugation is preferably carried out continuously at 800 revolutions per minute and at a pressure of 1.2 to 1.3 bar over a period of 6 hours.
- reaction step a) and reaction step b) can be repeated several times, depending on the desired degree of hydrolysis, before the hydrolyzate is hydrogenated. A one-time repetition is preferred. This leads to a degree of hydrolysis of 99.5 - 100% if the conditions mentioned are met.
- the majority of the hydrolyzate obtained after reaction steps a) and b) consists of ricinoleic acid.
- the ricinoleic acid content depends on the quality of the castor oil used and the degree of hydrolysis.
- the castor oil obtained is hydrogenated to obtain the 12-hydroxystearic acid in a next reaction step.
- all catalysts which are possible for hydrogenation can be used as the catalyst for hydrogenating ricinoleic acid.
- two types of catalysis can be used in the hydrogenation according to the invention.
- a catalyst which is insoluble in the reaction medium and on the surface of which the actual catalysis is brought about by the adsorption and desorption equilibrium of the compound to be hydrogenated and of the hydrogen.
- Precious metals such as Pt, Pd and Rh or other transition metals such as Mo, W, Cr are preferred as catalysts, preferably Fe, Co and Ni, either individually or in a mixture or to increase the activity and stability on supports such as activated carbon, aluminum oxide or diatomaceous earth applied.
- Ni or Raney nickel, Pd bound to activated carbon, metallic Pt, platinum and zinc oxide are preferred for the purposes of the invention.
- d. H. catalysts soluble in the reaction medium are transition metal complexes, the preferred representative of which is the Wilkinson catalyst [chlorotris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium].
- the catalysts are heterogeneous catalysts.
- a Ni catalyst or a Pd catalyst is particularly preferred, the Pd being adsorbed on activated carbon.
- the hydrogenation according to the invention is carried out at a temperature of 70 to 150 ° C., preferably at 90 to 130 ° C., in particular at 120 ° C.
- the hydrogenation is carried out at a pressure of the hydrogen gas between 1 to 300 bar, preferably between 5 and 50 bar, in particular at 20 bar.
- the catalyst for hydrogenation is used in an amount of 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of native fat or oil used, particularly preferably an amount of 0.4 to 2% by weight. %.
- the product obtained is subjected to packaging without further treatment and processing.
- Spray drying is preferably used as the packaging method.
- all other manufacturing methods for solids that can be melted can be used, such as, for example, processing via cutting and shearing mills, granulators, pelletizing rollers and scale rollers.
- the product obtained is largely odorless and largely colorless, which cannot be achieved to the extent possible by the methods from the prior art. Furthermore, the product obtained is essentially free of by-products such as mono-, di- or triglycerides.
- the present invention includes the knowledge that the sequence of the process steps and the combination of an enzymatic and a chemical catalysis has developed a process with which it is possible to produce ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid with high purity economically and ecologically from castor oil.
- the ricinoleic acid obtained by the process according to the invention and the 12-hydroxystearic acid obtained are suitable for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, in lubricants, in textile auxiliaries and for the production of plastics.
- Example 1 Screening of different lipases for their hydrolysis activity with castor oil as a substrate
- the combination of Thermomyces lanugenosus and Penicilium camenbertii lipase is particularly preferred for the splitting of castor oil, since this lipase combination has a synergistic hydrolysis effect.
- Rhizopus niveus in combination with Thermomyces lanugenosus lipase is preferred as a further lipase.
- the particularly preferred lipase combination (Thermomyces lanugenosus + Penicilium camenberti) determined in experiment 2 is intended to determine the optimal mixing ratio of the enzymes.
- the emulsions were separated at different reaction times by centrifugation (5 min, 13000 rpm) and examined for acid formation by gas chromatography.
- the experiment shows that a ratio of Thermomyces lanugenosus Lipase (Lipozym TL) and Penicilium camenbertii Lipase (Lipase G, Amano Pharmaceuticals) of about 25: 1 based on the weight of the commercially available enzyme preparations is a preferred enzyme ratio.
- An increase in the lipase G fraction increases the formation of free acid only insignificantly, whereas a decrease in the lipase G fraction leads to a deterioration in the formation of free acid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10054480 | 2000-11-03 | ||
| DE10054480A DE10054480A1 (de) | 2000-11-03 | 2000-11-03 | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von 12-Hydroxystearinsäure |
| PCT/EP2001/012360 WO2002036796A1 (de) | 2000-11-03 | 2001-10-25 | Verfahren zur gewinnung von 12-hydroxystearinsäure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1330534A1 true EP1330534A1 (de) | 2003-07-30 |
Family
ID=7662008
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01992491A Withdrawn EP1330534A1 (de) | 2000-11-03 | 2001-10-25 | Verfahren zur gewinnung von 12-hydroxystearinsäure |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040014184A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1330534A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004512839A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1473199A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2002221750A1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0114333A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10054480A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002036796A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102503807A (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2012-06-20 | 山西宏远科技股份有限公司 | 蓖麻酸一步法连续反应生产12—羟基硬脂酸的方法 |
| CN104946692B (zh) * | 2015-06-10 | 2018-08-31 | 文水县国华油脂有限公司 | 氢化蓖麻油生物水解法制作12-羟基硬脂酸工艺 |
| CN108239663B (zh) * | 2016-12-23 | 2022-07-08 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | 一种酶法水解高熔点油脂的方法 |
| CN109957459B (zh) * | 2017-12-26 | 2023-04-07 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | 制备脂肪酸的方法及通过该方法获得的脂肪酸 |
| SG10201900696YA (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-08-28 | Wilmar International Ltd | A process for hydrolyzing oil with high melting point by lipase |
| DE102019110921A1 (de) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | Fuchs Petrolub Se | Schmierfette umfassend Metallseifen und Metallkomplexseifen auf Basis von R-10-Hydroxyoctadecansäure |
| KR102675517B1 (ko) * | 2022-01-07 | 2024-06-14 | 진태원 | 천연 피마자오일 유도체를 이용한 고성능 냄새제거제의 조성물 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61139396A (ja) * | 1984-12-11 | 1986-06-26 | New Japan Chem Co Ltd | リパ−ゼによるオキシステアリン酸の製造方法 |
-
2000
- 2000-11-03 DE DE10054480A patent/DE10054480A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-10-25 BR BR0114333-6A patent/BR0114333A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-10-25 WO PCT/EP2001/012360 patent/WO2002036796A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-25 AU AU2002221750A patent/AU2002221750A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-25 CN CNA01818328XA patent/CN1473199A/zh active Pending
- 2001-10-25 JP JP2002539541A patent/JP2004512839A/ja active Pending
- 2001-10-25 US US10/415,784 patent/US20040014184A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-25 EP EP01992491A patent/EP1330534A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0236796A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040014184A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
| WO2002036796A1 (de) | 2002-05-10 |
| DE10054480A1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
| AU2002221750A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| CN1473199A (zh) | 2004-02-04 |
| JP2004512839A (ja) | 2004-04-30 |
| BR0114333A (pt) | 2003-10-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20030425 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SCHOERKEN, ULRICH Inventor name: WEISS, ALBRECHT Inventor name: BOTH, SABINE Inventor name: KRANZ, SABINE Inventor name: YUEKSEL, LEVENT Inventor name: FIEG, GEORG Inventor name: OTTO, RALF |
|
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE FR LI NL |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: COGNIS IP MANAGEMENT GMBH |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20060503 |