EP1306539A2 - Zwei-Zyklen-Heissgasmotor - Google Patents
Zwei-Zyklen-Heissgasmotor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1306539A2 EP1306539A2 EP02023231A EP02023231A EP1306539A2 EP 1306539 A2 EP1306539 A2 EP 1306539A2 EP 02023231 A EP02023231 A EP 02023231A EP 02023231 A EP02023231 A EP 02023231A EP 1306539 A2 EP1306539 A2 EP 1306539A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- compression
- hot gas
- engine according
- expansion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 13
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- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/0435—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines the engine being of the free piston type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
- F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
- F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines
- F02G2244/52—Double acting piston machines having interconnecting adjacent cylinders constituting a single system, e.g. "Rinia" engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
- F02G2244/50—Double acting piston machines
- F02G2244/54—Double acting piston machines having two-cylinder twin systems, with compression in one cylinder and expansion in the other cylinder for each of the twin systems, e.g. "Finkelstein" engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2275/00—Controls
- F02G2275/20—Controls for preventing piston over stroke
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of hot gas engines.
- Hot gas engines based on the Stirling principle are among the oldest heat engines. Basically, with the help of hot gas engines according to the Stirling principle or with it related principles higher efficiency than with steam engines, diesel or gasoline engines can be achieved. With the help of hot gas engines, a working gas heater is created from the outside Heat is supplied without combustion in the cylinder. The possible Use of renewable fuels and continuous combustion ensure in the In connection with the high level of efficiency, environmentally friendly energy efficiency.
- Hot gas engines based on the Stirling principle are of the alpha, beta and gamma type known.
- Alpha type the total working gas volume is determined by moving one Expansion piston and a compression piston affected.
- beta and gamma types a displacer moves in a space of constant volume and only the working piston affects the total gas volume.
- the object of the invention is an improved two-cycle hot gas engine of the alpha type specify that has a simple structure and for permanent operation on different Areas of application can be used flexibly.
- This task is accomplished in a two-cycle hot gas engine with an expansion piston an expansion cylinder component and a compression piston in a compression cylinder component solved according to the invention in that the expansion piston and the compression piston are arranged along a common central axis.
- a major advantage that the invention achieves over the prior art is that an engine structure for a two-cycle hot gas engine from Alpha type was created which, despite its structural simplicity, has a high power density provides.
- the proposed engine has design parallels to the beta type and combines them with the advantages of a double-acting engine of the Alpha type.
- the Pistons working in series ensure a slim gearbox and thus crankcase.
- a common one can be used for the crosshead or profile slide of both connecting rods Use the track.
- Another advantage of the invention is that piston rod bushings a cylinder wall can be realized on the side of the cool compression cylinder part can and are therefore easy to seal.
- phase shift between expansion piston and compression piston can be set as desired.
- the expansion volume can be compared to the compression volume vary
- the symmetry of the expansion and compression pistons can be used excellently for free piston arrangements. This way Build pressure-resistant and completely pressure-tight motors.
- the design of the hot gas engine according to the invention made two counter-rotating possible Cycles allow controllability via a cycle short circuit. Even with unpressurized gear the piston forces are low due to the two opposite cycles.
- the first gas spaces in the Compression cylinder component on an underside of the compression piston and in the expansion cylinder component are formed on an underside of the expansion piston, via a first heater, a first regenerator and a first cooler are connected, and that second gas spaces in the compression cylinder component on an upper side of the compression piston and in the expansion cylinder member on a top of the expansion piston are formed, via a second heater, a second regenerator and a second Cooler connected.
- the working gas connection line from Heater for expansion cylinder component can be used for thermal separation of both components each gas cycle consists in part of a straight tube, defined in terms of dimensions, that works as a pulse tube.
- a compact design of the hot gas engine is in an expedient embodiment supports the invention in that between the expansion cylinder component and the Compression cylinder component, a channel is formed, wherein a piston rod in the channel of the expansion piston is arranged, which is guided pressure-tight through the channel. With the help of the channel, the hydraulic and, if necessary, thermal separation of the Compression and expansion cylinder component.
- a pressure-tight bearing of the piston rod of the expansion piston in the channel is at an advantageous embodiment of the invention in that the channel in one Connection component is formed, which at least a portion of the expansion cylinder component and includes at least a portion of the compression cylinder member. In this way, the channel can be created in a one-piece connecting component.
- An embodiment can be used to support the most compact possible construction of the hot gas engine the invention appropriately provide that the piston rod of the expansion piston is movably inserted through a bore in the compression piston. In this way a piston force transmission of the expansion piston to a transmission can be realized.
- Movement of the compression piston along the piston rod of the expansion piston is made possible in an expedient development of the invention in that the piston rod of the expansion piston is movably guided through the compression piston.
- the piston rod of the expansion piston can expediently be provided movable through an opening in a housing of the compression cylinder component is passed through. In this way it is possible to use the piston rod of the expansion piston to lead to the outside in the region of the compression cylinder component, for example for connecting a connecting rod.
- a space-saving design of the hot gas engine is a further development of the invention allows a piston rod attached to the compression piston to have a Breakthrough, wherein the piston rod of the expansion piston through the opening is passed through.
- Leading out the piston rod of the compression piston and the piston rod together of the expansion piston from the compression cylinder component is in one embodiment advantageously enables the invention in that on the compression piston attached piston rod pressure-tight through the opening in the housing of the compression cylinder component is passed through.
- a direct coupling of the movement of the compression piston to that of the expansion piston and its piston rod is in a preferred embodiment of the invention thereby enables the compression piston to have a cavity in which a attached to the piston rod of the expansion piston movable buffer piston is so that two buffer spaces are formed in the cavity.
- a transmission for power transmission between the piston rod of the expansion piston and the compression piston can be saved in a further development of the invention be that the two buffer spaces are formed in the cavity so that a movement of the Expansion piston and the attached buffer piston in the cavity for gas compression / gas relaxation in the two buffer spaces leads to movement of the compression piston to effect.
- a section of the buffer space shrinks it arises here is an overpressure that pushes the compression piston.
- the other section of the buffer space increases at the same time, so that there is a negative pressure that the compression piston draws.
- the compression piston always moves when the Force that results from the pressure difference between the two buffer space sections is greater is the required compression force.
- a pressure-tight leading the piston rod of the expansion piston out of the compression cylinder component is facilitated in an expedient development of the invention that a portion extending beyond the compression cylinder member the piston rod of the expansion piston in a sealed interior of an extension sleeve is received, the extension sleeve on the outside of the compression cylinder component is appropriate.
- Extension sleeve sealed to the cylinder component using simple means become.
- a distal end of the Piston rod of the expansion piston received in the cavity of the compression piston and that the expansion cylinder component and the compression cylinder component in a linear guide are movably mounted.
- the hollow compression piston only has a pressure-tight piston rod opening on the side facing the expansion piston is.
- the cylinder consisting of expansion and compression cylinder component, can be in one Linear guide can be movably supported. Moves with the expansion piston the cylinder resonates and can do external work with complete pressure tightness.
- heaters and regenerators also move with the cylinder and cooler, what an improved heat transfer in the heaters and coolers can be used.
- the compression piston has a cavity and that the piston rod of the expansion piston through is formed through the cavity, wherein in the cavity on the piston rod of the expansion piston a magnetic piston with magnetic means is arranged, which with further magnetic means interact, and with opposite portions of the magnetic means and the further magnetic means have a similar magnetic polarity.
- a magnetic piston with magnetic means is arranged, which with further magnetic means interact, and with opposite portions of the magnetic means and the further magnetic means have a similar magnetic polarity.
- the necessary phase shift between the expansion piston and Compression pistons easier than in the above-mentioned embodiment with a buffer piston Realize in the compression piston, because only with a very small distance between opposite Sections of the magnetic means and the other magnetic means a repulsive force becomes so large that the movement of the compression piston begins.
- the necessary Compression pressures can be selected by a suitable selection of the magnetic means and the other magnetic means can be set.
- a compact design of the hot gas engine is supported in that the other magnetic means at least partially arranged in the area of the end faces of the compression piston are.
- a compact heater which is a cylindrical designed as an unassembled component Includes base body with a combustion chamber and a heat transfer surface for working gas, wherein the heat transfer surface for working gas in a surface layer of the cylindrical Base body is formed spirally. Due to the spiral surface arrangement can create space-saving and streamlined heat transfer conditions.
- To close the spiral passages and to provide the connections for the working gas can the spiral passages through sleeves shrunk in and onto the cylindrical base body, to which the gas connection pieces are fastened.
- An inner sleeve which also forms the combustion chamber, can be closed on one side and leaves one below defined spiral passage area of the flue gas spiral freely to a turning chamber for the Train flue gas.
- the use of the compact heater for two working gases is a further development of the invention thereby allowing the heat transfer surface for working gas a working gas spiral for a first working gas and at least one of the working gas spiral hydraulic includes separate further working gas spiral for a second working gas. That way a single compact heater for operating the above-described embodiments of the Hot gas engines are used.
- the manufacture of the compact heater is facilitated in a further development of the invention by that the heat transfer surface for working gas on an outer circumference of the cylindrical Basic body is formed.
- the heat transfer surface for combustion air is formed on the outer circumference of the cylindrical base body.
- the heat transfer surface for working gas in an area around the combustion chamber and the heat transfer surface for combustion air in an area above the combustion chamber of the cylindrical base body are arranged so that thermal energy generated in the combustion chamber first the heat transfer surface for working gas and then the heat transfer surface can heat for combustion air. This is done with the help of a fuel Thermal energy generated in the combustion chamber is used efficiently when operating the hot gas engine.
- a preferred development of the invention provides that the cylindrical base body with Help is carried out by two base body components, the two base body components are connected by means of a disk-shaped hole component and the disk-shaped hole component a connection channel for guiding combustion air into the combustion chamber and a flue gas connection channel for connecting heat transfer surfaces for Has flue gas in the two base body components.
- This makes it possible to use one of the two basic body parts a continuous spiral heat transfer surface for to create the combustion air that can be created by rotating, so that the elaborate milling of the heat transfer surface is saved.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a two-cycle hot gas engine with a Cylinder housing 1.
- the cylinder housing 1 there are an expansion piston 2 in an expansion cylinder component 3 and a compression piston 4 in a compression cylinder component 5 arranged.
- the expansion piston 2 and the compression piston 4 are along a common one Center line 6 arranged one behind the other.
- the expansion cylinder component 3 and that Compression cylinder component 5 are connected to one another via a connecting component 7, in which a channel 8 is formed.
- a piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 pressure-tight is a piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 pressure-tight.
- the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 extends through an opening 4 a into the compression piston 4 and through the compression piston 4 and a piston rod 10 of the compression piston 4 therethrough.
- the piston rod 10 of the compression piston 4 is through an opening 11 in the compression cylinder component 5 led outwards. Carrying out the piston rod 10 of the compression piston 4 and the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston mounted therein 2 out of the compression cylinder component 5 is pressure-tight.
- the piston rod 9 of the Expansion piston 2 is guided through an opening 10a in the piston rod 10.
- a connecting rod 12, 13 is coupled, so that the piston rods 9, 10 with a crankshaft 14 are connected.
- first gas spaces GH1 and GK1 are formed on an underside 15 of the compression piston 4 and on an underside 16 of the expansion piston 2, first gas spaces GH1 and GK1 are formed.
- the first gas rooms GH1, GK1 are connected via a first connecting channel 17.
- a first heater 18, a first regenerator 19 and a first cooler 20 are arranged in the connecting channel 17.
- second gas spaces GK2 and GH2 are created, which via a second Connection channel 23 are connected.
- second connection channel 23 there are one second heater 24, a second regenerator 25 and a second cooler 26 are arranged.
- the expansion cylinder component 3 and the expansion piston 2 can be made of a high temperature material his. In this embodiment, can be in a wall 27 of the expansion cylinder component 3 heat pipe and gas channels (not shown in FIG. 1) Heat the gas spaces GH1, GH2 equally isothermally.
- the compression cylinder component 5 can be made of Duran glass, for example.
- the compression piston 4 can expediently be made of graphite.
- FIG 2 shows a schematic representation of a two-cycle hot gas engine, in which for same features the reference numerals used in Figure 1 are used.
- the compression piston 4 has a cavity 30 on.
- a buffer piston 31 is arranged in the cavity 30 and is connected to the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 is formed. With the help of the buffer piston 31 are in the Cavity 30 buffer spaces P1 and P2 created.
- the expansion piston moves 2 the working gas which is located in the buffer spaces P1, P2 is compressed / expanded, which causes an upward or downward movement of the compression piston 4 leads. In this way, the gas spaces GH1, GH2 rush the gas spaces GK1, GK2 in a defined manner Way ahead.
- Magnets 32a-32d stop the compression piston 4 prevented on the housing 33 of the compression cylinder component 5. To this purpose, the magnets 32a and 32b or 32c and 32d each have an opposite magnetic one Polarity on.
- the embodiment shown in FIG to a gearbox for coupling the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 the compression piston 4 can be dispensed with.
- the coupling is done with the help of the buffer piston 31 and the resulting buffer spaces P1, P2.
- the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 is coupled to the connecting rod 13 via a crosshead 34.
- FIG. 3 shows the two-cycle hot gas engine according to FIG. 2, but one over the Compression cylinder component 5 extending end 40 of the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 is received in an extension sleeve 41.
- the extension sleeve 41 is placed pressure-tight on the compression cylinder component 5.
- a magnetic coupling 42 is the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 on an outer guide piston 43 coupled, which slides in a cylinder 44 of the guide piston 43.
- the guide piston 43 in turn is connected to the connecting rod 13.
- the guide piston 43 can be lubricated with its cylinder 44 and similar to a gasoline engine be executed.
- FIG. 4 shows another two-cycle hot gas engine, the same features in FIG Figures 1 to 3 used reference numerals are used.
- the embodiment according to Figure 4 ends a distal end 50 of the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 on the buffer piston 31.
- the hot gas engine according to FIG. 4 does not lead out the piston rod 9 of the expansion piston 2 provided from the compression cylinder component 5. In this way, the cylinder housing 1 completely closed.
- an extension 51 is attached, which in one Part 52 of a linear guide is movably mounted.
- the extension 51 is via the connecting rod 13 connected to the crankshaft 14.
- Another part 53 of the linear guide is in the range of Connection component 7 provided.
- the linear guide ensures a linear movement of the cylinder housing 1.
- the first cooler moves together with the cylinder housing 1 18, the first regenerator 19, the first heater 20, the second cooler 24, the second regenerator 25 and the second heater 26.
- a pulse transmission to initiate the movement of the compression piston 4 takes place as this in connection with the embodiments was described according to Figures 2 and 3, due to the gas compression in the buffer spaces P1, P2.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of a two-cycle hot gas engine with a cylinder housing 100, a compression cylinder component 101 and an expansion cylinder component 102.
- a compression piston 103 is arranged in the compression cylinder component 101 .
- an expansion piston 104 is stored in the expansion cylinder component 102 .
- the compression cylinder member 101 and the expansion cylinder member 102 are connected via a connecting component 105, in which a piston rod 106 of the expansion piston 104 is mounted pressure-tight. There is a seal for sealing 107 provided.
- first and second gas spaces GH1, GK1 and GH2, GK2 formed.
- the first and second gas spaces GH1, GH2, GK1, GK2 each have via connections 108, 109, 110 and 111.
- connections 108-111 are according to the explanations for Figures 1 to 4 heaters, regenerators and coolers (in Figure 5 not shown) coupled.
- the expansion piston 104 is attached using a piston mounting nut 112 held on the piston rod 106. Between a piston clamping plate 113 and the piston mounting nut 112, a tension spring 114 is mounted. Another piston clamping plate 115 is fastened to the piston rod 106 with the aid of a fastening pin 116.
- the hot gas engine 5 a magnetic drive of the compression piston 103 is provided.
- the magnetic Drive comprises a plurality of magnetic means 121, 122, 123.
- the multiple magnetic means 121-123 each have disc-shaped pole plates 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b, 123a, 123b.
- Opposing pole plates, for example pole plates 122b and 123a have the same magnetic polarity, so that repulsive forces act when the one another to move opposite pole plates towards each other. Unleash the repulsive forces a large force effect usually only when the actual approach of the one another opposite pole plates.
- Magnetic means 120, 124, also via pole plates 120a, 124a are provided to stop the compression piston 103 to prevent the compression cylinder member 101.
- the magnets 120-124 can be arranged in a ring with the help of magnetic drums Bar magnets are executed.
- the magnet 122 is on the Piston rod 106 fixed.
- the seals 107, 126-128 are made of Teflon, for example.
- the piston rod 106 of the expansion piston 104 is made of a non-magnetic and electrically poorly conductive material, for example V4A steel.
- the cylinder component is Made in several parts and is held together with the aid of screw connections 129, 130, 131, 132.
- a stroke path S1 of the expansion piston 103 is indicated schematically in FIG. Over a Changing a hollow length H1 of the compression piston 103 and a hollow length H2 of the compression cylinder component 101 can be adjusted such that the Stroke S1 of the expansion piston 103 larger, equal to or smaller than a stroke S2 of the Compression piston 104 is. This allows the compression ratio of the engine and the discontinuous piston movement of the compression piston 103 can be influenced.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of a two-cycle hot gas engine 200 with a Compression cylinder component 201 and an expansion cylinder component 202.
- a cooler 203 has a central axis 204 that is substantially parallel to the central axis 205 another cooler 206 is arranged.
- the central axis 204 of the cooler 203 and the central axis 205 of the further cooler 206 are substantially perpendicular to a central axis 207 of the Compression cylinder component 201 and the expansion cylinder component 202.
- a central axis 208 of a regenerator 209 is substantially parallel to a central axis 210 of another Regenerator 211 and the central axis 207 of the compression cylinder component 201.
- two successive heating spirals 212 and 213 are also shown.
- the two heater spirals 212, 213 can be used as single-pipe heaters with low output or run as a cylindrical canned heater. This gives you the option of using a burner, which is located within the two heating coils 212, 213 lying one behind the other is arranged to heat the gas spaces of both cycles of the engine. In this way, a otherwise the second burner required is saved.
- Figure 7 shows a compact heater 300, which in connection with any hot gas engines can be used, which means that the compact heater 300 is not only related with the two-cycle hot gas engines that can be used advantageously in conjunction have been described with Figures 1 to 6. Also the use for beta and gamma motors is advantageous if the spiral connections are adapted to the motor geometry can.
- the compact heater 300 has a cylindrical sleeve 500 to which a combustion air connection 302, a first working gas connection 303, a second working gas connection 304 and a first working gas outlet 305 is formed. There is a second working gas outlet on a rear side of the compact heater 300 and can therefore not be seen in FIG. 7. At a lower end 306 of the compact heater 300 a burner 307 is connected.
- FIG. 8 shows the compact heater 300 according to FIG. 7 in a section along a line AA ′ in FIG Figure 7.
- a heat transfer surface for combustion air 309 is formed in the form of a channel.
- the Spiral heat transfer surface for combustion air 309 is with the combustion air connection 302 in connection.
- the combustion air passes through the combustion air connection 302 in the spiral heat transfer surface for combustion air 309 and via a connecting pipe 310 into a combustion chamber 311, where by means of the burner 307 a fuel is burned to produce thermal energy. It can be provided connect a fan upstream of the combustion air connection 302 to the combustion air with a predetermined pressure.
- FIG. 9 shows the compact heater 300 according to FIG. 7 in a top view.
- FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 A further compact heater 400 is shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12, with the same being the same Features the same reference numerals as in connection with Figures 7, 8 and 9 be used.
- the two base body components 401 and 402 are by means of a hole component 403 connected with each other.
- FIG. 11 there is a combustion air connection channel in the hole component 403 404 provided, through which the combustion air from the spiral Heat transfer surface for combustion air 309 get into the combustion chamber 311 can.
- the combustion air communication channel 404 takes over in the embodiment 10 to 12, the function of the connecting channel 310 in FIG. 8 the inner circumference 314 of the base body components 401, 402 are two inner sleeves 510, 511 arranged.
- FIG. 12 shows the further compact heater 400 according to FIG. 10 in a top view.
- the spiral design of the heat transfer surfaces in the compact heater 300 as well as the other compact heater 400 is suitable for execution as a single-tube heater. From today's point of view, the compact heater 300 and the further compact heater are manufactured 400 from a high temperature metal is an advantageous solution if the requirements a high temperature resistance, a scale resistance and a sufficient Sealability of the connections are guaranteed.
- the cylindrical one Base body 301 are formed with the help of a casting mold, which is then also the spiral Has heat transfer surfaces.
- suitable wall thicknesses and draft angles of the spiral channels for forming the heat transfer surfaces must be taken into account.
- an operating temperature does not exceed 600 ° C
- production is from Insert material SiMo-alloyed cast iron with spheroidal graphite is a suitable solution.
- a another possibility is to rotate the cylindrical base body 301 and / or milling the spiral channels on the inner and outer circumferences 314, 308 train.
- a cylindrical high-temperature hollow steel can be used here.
- An outer sleeve 500 is shrunk on and closes off the spiral heat transfer surfaces on the outer circumference 308.
- the inner sleeve 510 is shrunk.
- the sleeve 500 is with the connections 302-305 shrunk.
- shrinking is possible because at the compact heater 300 and the further compact heater 400 the heat of the burner 307 is always fed from the inside.
- the tightness is then guaranteed, since there is initially the inner sleeve 510, then the cylindrical base body 301 and finally the outer sleeve Stretch 500.
- a cooling takes place from the outside to the inside and is therefore regarding Tightness of the spiral heat transfer surfaces is also not critical.
- the compact heater 300 and the further compact heater 400 allow a compact one Design of heaters that can be used for any hot gas engine. About that In addition, inexpensive production is made possible in the embodiment described. In addition, favorable heat transfer conditions are formed, but only small ones Pressure drops occur.
- the described with reference to Figures 7 to 12 Design of the heat transfer surface for working gas enables the formation of at least two working gas rooms that are heated with a burner. The use of High temperature casting is possible. If the compact heater 300 and the other compact heater 400 in the upright arrangement shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 10, 11, respectively are used, a direct transfer of the flue gas to the chimney is made possible.
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic illustration of a two-cycle hot gas engine 500, which operates with a work machine 600 is connected, with the same features in FIGS to 5 reference numerals used.
- Two membrane secondary pages 603, 604 are designed as a pump work space. So the pumps Membrane a liquid 605 by opening at least one outlet valve 607 at excess pressure and at least one inlet valve 606 closed and at least one under vacuum Exhaust valve 607 is closed and an inlet valve 606 is opened.
- the two-cycle hot gas engine 500 be an engine with its two working gas chambers, two hydraulically separated membranes 608, 609 or deformable surfaces with 180 ° phase displacement. In this manner the work yield can be doubled and pulse smoothing can be achieved.
- the working gas pressure fluctuations can be carried out without mechanical force transmission
- the engine can be used to run at least one with the working gas diaphragm of a driven machine's machine, which is in the pressure bond on the primary side or to vibrate the piezoelectric surface of a power generator.
- the working machine 600 is a double-acting machine Diaphragm pump, the diaphragm primary sides of which is hydraulically connected to the engine working gas and the pressure fluctuations cause the membranes to vibrate become.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Pulleys (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotors im Querschnitt;
- Figur 2
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotors im Querschnitt, wobei ein Kompressionskolben einen Hohlraum aufweist;
- Figur 3
- den Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Figur 2, wobei ein Ende einer Kolbenstange eines Expansionskolbens in einer Verlängerungshülse aufgenommen ist;
- Figur 4
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotors mit einer Linearführung im Querschnitt;
- Figur 5
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotors mit magnetischem Antrieb im Querschnitt;
- Figur 6
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotors, wobei eine Mittelachse eines Spiralerhitzers parallel zu einer Mittelachse eines Zylinders gebildet ist;
- Figur 7
- einen Kompakterhitzer;
- Figur 8
- den Kompakterhitzer nach Figur 7 im Schnitt entlang einer Linie AA' in Figur 7;
- Figur 9
- den Kompakterhitzer nach Figur 7 in Draufsicht;
- Figur 10
- einen weiteren Kompakterhitzer;
- Figur 11
- den weiteren Kompakterhitzer nach Figur 10 im Schnitt entlang einer Linie BB' in Figur 10;
- Figur 12
- den weiteren Komapaktserhitzer nach Figur 10 in Draufsicht; und
- Figur 13
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotors.
Claims (27)
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor mit einem Expansionskolben (2; 104) in einem Expansionszylinderbauteil (3; 102) und einem Kompressionskolben (4; 103) in einem Kompressionszylinderbauteil (5; 101), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Expansionskolben (2; 104) und der Kompressionskolben (4; 103) entlang einer gemeinsamen Mittelachse (6) angeordnet sind.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Expansionskolben (2; 104) und der Kompressionskolben (4; 103) angeordnet sind, um beim Betrieb fluchtend hintereinander zu arbeiten.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß erste Gasräume (GH1 bzw. GK1), die in dem Kompressionszylinderbauteil (5) auf einer Unterseite (15) des Kompressionskolbens (4) bzw. in dem Expansionszylinderbauteil (3) auf einer Unterseite (16) des Expansionskolbens (2) gebildet sind, über einen ersten Erhitzer (18), einen ersten Regenerator (19) und einen ersten Kühler (20) verbunden sind, und daß zweite Gasräume (GH2 bzw. GK2), die in dem Kompressionszylinderbauteil (5) auf einer Oberseite (21) des Kompressionskolbens (4) bzw. in dem Expansionszylinderbauteil (3) auf einer Oberseite (22) des Expansionskolbens (2) gebildet sind, über einen zweiten Erhitzer (24), einen zweiten Regenerator (25) und einen zweiten Kühler (26) verbunden sind.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Expansionszylinderbauteil (3) und dem Kompressionszylinderbauteil (5) ein Kanal (8) gebildet ist, wobei in dem Kanal (8) eine Kolbenstange (9; 106) des Expansionskolbens (2) angeordnet ist, die druckdicht durch den Kanal (8) hindurch geführt ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kanal (8) in einem Verbindungsbauteil (7; 105) gebildet ist, welches zumindest einen Teilabschnitt des Expansionszylinderbauteils (3; 102) und zumindest einen Teilabschnitt des Kompressionszylinderbauteils (5; 101) umfaßt.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kolbenstange (9; 106) des Expansionskolbens (2; 104) bewegbar durch eine Bohrung (4a) in dem Kompressionskolben (4; 103) in den Kompressionskolben (4; 103) eingeführt ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kolbenstange (9; 106) des Expansionskolbens (2; 104) bewegbar durch den Kompressionskolben (4; 103) hindurch geführt ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kolbenstange (9; 106) des Expansionskolbens (2; 104) bewegbar durch eine Bohrung (11) in einem Gehäuse des Kompressionszylinderbauteils (5; 101) hindurch geführt ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine an dem Kompressionskolben (4) angebrachte Kolbenstange (10) einen Durchbruch (10a) aufweist, wobei die Kolbenstange (9) des Expansionskolbens (2) durch den Durchbruch (10a) hindurch geführt ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach den Ansprüchen 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die an dem Kompressionskolben (4) angebrachte Kolbenstange (10) druckdicht durch die Bohrung (11) im Gehäuse des Kompressionszylinderbauteils (5) hindurch geführt ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kompressionskolben (4; 103) einen Hohlraum (30) aufweist, in welchem ein an der Kolbenstange (9) des Expansionskolbens (2; 104) befestigter Pufferkolben (31) bewegbar angeordnet ist, so daß in dem Hohlraum (30) zwei Pufferräume (P1, P2) gebildet sind.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Pufferräume (P1, P2) in dem Hohlraum (30) so gebildet sind, daß eine Bewegung des Expansionskolbens (2; 104) und des hieran befestigten Pufferkolbens (31) in dem Hohlraum (30) zu einer Gasverdichtung/Gasentspannung eines Arbeitsgases in den zwei Pufferräumen (P1, P2) führt, um eine Bewegung des Kompressionskolbens (4; 103) zu bewirken.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein sich über das Kompressionszylinderbauteil (5) hinaus erstreckender Abschnitt (40) der Kolbenstange (9) des Expansionskolbens (2) in einem abgedichteten Innenraum einer Verlängerungshülse (41) aufgenommen ist, wobei die Verlängerungshülse (41) außen an dem Kompressionszylinderbauteil (5) angebracht ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Druckschwankungen des Arbeitsgases genutzt werden, um mindestens eine mit dem Arbeitsgas primärseitig im Druckverbund stehende Membran einer Arbeitsmaschine, eines Antriebs oder eine piezoleketrische Oberfläche eines Stromerzeugers in Schwingung zu versetzen.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Arbeitsmaschine eine doppeltwirkende Membranpumpe (600) ist, deren Membran-Primärseiten (601, 602) mit dem Arbeitsgas hydraulisch verbunden sind und durch deren Druckschwankungen die Membranen (608, 609) in Schwingung versetzt werden.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Sekundärseiten der Membranpumpe (600) als Pumpenarbeitsräume ausgeführt sind und die Membran eine Flüssigkeit pumpt, indem bei einem Überdruck mindestens ein Auslaßventil (607) geschlossen und ein Einlaßventil (606) geöffnet wird.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein distales Ende (50) der Kolbenstange (9) des Expansionskolbens (2) in dem Hohlraum (30) des Kompressionskolbens (4) aufgenommen ist und daß das Kompressionszylinderbauteil (5) und das Expansionszylinderbauteil (3) in einer Linearführung (52, 53) bewegbar gelagert sind.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kompressionskolben (103) einen Hohlraum (30) aufweist, wobei in dem Hohlraum (30) an der Kolbenstange (106) des Expansionskolbens (104) ein Magnetkolben mit Magnetmitteln (122) angeordnet ist, die mit weiteren Magnetmitteln (121, 123) wechselwirken, und wobei gegenüberliegende Abschnitte (121b, 122a; 122b, 123a) der Magnetmittel (122) und der weiteren Magnetmittel (121, 123) eine gleichartige magnetische Polung aufweisen.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die weiteren Magnetmittel (121, 123) zumindest teilweise im Bereich von Stirnflächen des Kompressionskolbens (103) angeordnet sind.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Kompakterhitzer (300; 400), welcher einen als ungefügtes Bauteil ausgeführten zylindrischen Grundkörper (301) mit einem Brennraum (311) und einer Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Arbeitsgas umfaßt, wobei die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Arbeitsgas in einer Oberflächenschicht des zylindrischen Grundkörpers (301) spiralförmig gebildet ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich einer Oberfläche des zylindrischen Grundkörpers (301) eine jeweilige Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Verbrennungsluft und Rauchgas spiralförmig gebildet ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 20 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Arbeitsgas eine Arbeitsgaspirale für ein erstes Arbeitsgas und mindestens eine von der Arbeitsgasspirale hydraulisch getrennte weitere Arbeitsgasspirale für ein zweites Arbeitsgas umfaßt.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach Anspruch 20 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Arbeitsgas auf einem Außenumfang (308) des zylindrischen Grundkörpers (301) gebildet ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Verbrennungsluft auf dem Außenumfang (308) des zylindrischen Grundkörpers (301) gebildet ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Rauchgas auf einem Innenumfang (314) des zylindrischen Grundkörpers (301) gebildet ist.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Arbeitsgas in einem Bereich um dem Brennraum (311) herum und die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Verbrennungsluft in einem Bereich oberhalb des Brennraums (311) des zylindrischen Grundkörpers (301) so angeordnet sind, daß in dem Brennraum (311) erzeugte Wärmeenergie zunächst die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Arbeitsgas und anschließend die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für Verbrennungsluft erhitzen kann.
- Zwei-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zylindrische Grundkörper (301) mit Hilfe von zwei Grundkörperbauteilen (401; 402) ausgeführt ist, wobei die zwei Grundkörperbauteile (401; 402) mittels eines scheibenförmigen Lochbauteils (403) verbunden sind und das scheibenförmige Lochbauteil (403) einen Verbindungskanal (404) zum Leiten von Verbrennungsluft in den Brennraum (311) sowie einen Rauchgas-Verbindungskanal (405) zum Verbinden von Wärmeübertragungsflächen für Rauchgas in den zwei Grundkörperbauteilen (401; 402) aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10153772 | 2001-10-24 | ||
DE2001153772 DE10153772C1 (de) | 2001-10-24 | 2001-10-24 | 2-Zyklen-Heissgasmotor mit einem Expansionskolben und einem Kompressionskolben die fluchtend in Reihe angeordnet sind |
DE10216190 | 2002-04-05 | ||
DE2002116190 DE10216190C1 (de) | 2001-10-24 | 2002-04-05 | 2-Zyklen-Heißgasmotor mit magnetischem Antrieb des Kompressionskolbens |
DE2002140347 DE10240347B3 (de) | 2001-10-24 | 2002-08-28 | Spiralerhitzer für Heißgasmotoren |
DE10240347 | 2002-08-28 | ||
DE10240750 | 2002-08-29 | ||
DE2002140750 DE10240750C1 (de) | 2001-10-24 | 2002-08-29 | Getriebeloser Heißgasmotor |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1306539A2 true EP1306539A2 (de) | 2003-05-02 |
EP1306539A3 EP1306539A3 (de) | 2003-10-22 |
EP1306539B1 EP1306539B1 (de) | 2006-04-12 |
Family
ID=27438026
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02023231A Expired - Lifetime EP1306539B1 (de) | 2001-10-24 | 2002-10-16 | Zwei-Zyklen-Heissgasmotor |
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Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6968688B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1306539B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003184649A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE323223T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50206371D1 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1057389A1 (de) |
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WO2007072036A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Microgen Energy Limited | A stirling machine |
DE102007053873A1 (de) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Enerlyt Technik Gmbh | Geteilter Kolbenring für Heißgasmotoren mit einer Vorspannung, die bei Betriebstemperatur verschwindet |
DE102009052491A1 (de) | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-12 | Enerlyt Technik Gmbh | Heißgasmotor mit Hochtemperatur- Expansionszylindern und Bornitrid-Dispersionsschicht-Laufflächen |
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WO2006023872A2 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Infinia Corporation | Double acting thermodynamically resonant free-piston multicylinder stirling system and method |
US7690199B2 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2010-04-06 | Altor Limited Lc | System and method for electrically-coupled thermal cycle |
GB0803021D0 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2008-03-26 | Isis Innovation | Linear multi-cylinder stirling cycle machine |
US20100186405A1 (en) * | 2009-01-27 | 2010-07-29 | Regen Power Systems, Llc | Heat engine and method of operation |
US8096118B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2012-01-17 | Williams Jonathan H | Engine for utilizing thermal energy to generate electricity |
JP5487710B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-11 | 2014-05-07 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | スターリングエンジン |
US8726857B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2014-05-20 | Altor Limited Lc | System and method for electrically-coupled heat engine and thermal cycle |
CZ303266B6 (cs) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-07-04 | Libiš@Jirí | Dvojcinný prehánec s oddeleným teplým a studeným prostorem a tepelný stroj s dvojcinným prehánecem |
KR101405194B1 (ko) | 2012-10-24 | 2014-06-13 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 차량용 스털링 냉동기 |
CN105716225B (zh) * | 2014-12-22 | 2020-08-11 | 株式会社堀场Stec | 流体加热器、加热块和汽化系统 |
DE112018002662T5 (de) * | 2017-05-25 | 2020-02-27 | National University Corporation Tokyo University Of Agriculture And Technology | Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung und ofen, der damit versehen ist |
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WO2007072036A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Microgen Energy Limited | A stirling machine |
DE102007053873A1 (de) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Enerlyt Technik Gmbh | Geteilter Kolbenring für Heißgasmotoren mit einer Vorspannung, die bei Betriebstemperatur verschwindet |
DE102009052491A1 (de) | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-12 | Enerlyt Technik Gmbh | Heißgasmotor mit Hochtemperatur- Expansionszylindern und Bornitrid-Dispersionsschicht-Laufflächen |
DE102011103765A1 (de) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Enerlyt Technik Gmbh | Doppelt wirkender Stirlingmotor mit Faltenbalg |
FR3041040A1 (fr) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-17 | Vianney Rabhi | Cylindre detendeur a double effet a support adaptatif |
WO2017046479A1 (fr) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-23 | Vianney Rabhi | Cylindre detendeur a double effet a support adaptatif |
CN108138694A (zh) * | 2015-09-14 | 2018-06-08 | V·拉比 | 具有自适应支撑件的双作用膨胀气缸 |
AU2016321973B2 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2020-07-02 | Vianney Rabhi | Dual-acting expansion cylinder with adaptive support |
CN108138694B (zh) * | 2015-09-14 | 2020-11-06 | V·拉比 | 具有自适应支撑件的双作用膨胀气缸 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE50206371D1 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
HK1057389A1 (en) | 2004-04-02 |
JP2003184649A (ja) | 2003-07-03 |
US6968688B2 (en) | 2005-11-29 |
EP1306539B1 (de) | 2006-04-12 |
US20030074882A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
EP1306539A3 (de) | 2003-10-22 |
ATE323223T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
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