EP1297051A1 - Verbesserter katalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von polytetrahydrofuran - Google Patents
Verbesserter katalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von polytetrahydrofuranInfo
- Publication number
- EP1297051A1 EP1297051A1 EP01960445A EP01960445A EP1297051A1 EP 1297051 A1 EP1297051 A1 EP 1297051A1 EP 01960445 A EP01960445 A EP 01960445A EP 01960445 A EP01960445 A EP 01960445A EP 1297051 A1 EP1297051 A1 EP 1297051A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- support material
- catalytically active
- tio
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 56
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000003797 telogen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
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- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 30
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
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- 235000019647 acidic taste Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
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- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RLJALOQFYHCJKG-FVRNMFRHSA-N (1e,3e,6e,8e)-1,9-diphenylnona-1,3,6,8-tetraen-5-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 RLJALOQFYHCJKG-FVRNMFRHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LJPCNSSTRWGCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloxolane Chemical compound CC1CCOC1 LJPCNSSTRWGCMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCC#CCO DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002761 deinking Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithionous acid Chemical class OS(=O)S(O)=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002921 oxetanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQTJHJVUOOYAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotitanium(2+) dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[N+]([O-])=O DQTJHJVUOOYAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQBSGRWMSNFIPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxane Chemical compound C1COOOC1 KQBSGRWMSNFIPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/30—Tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
- C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
- C08G65/16—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms
- C08G65/20—Tetrahydrofuran
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
- C08G65/266—Metallic elements not covered by group C08G65/2648 - C08G65/2645, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
- C08G65/2666—Hetero polyacids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G65/2693—Supported catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst which contains a catalytically active amount of at least one oxygen-containing molybdenum and / or tungsten compound on an oxidic support material and which, after the precursor compounds of the catalytically active compounds have been applied to the support material or a support material precursor at temperatures of 400 ° C has been calcined to 900 ° C, and a process for its preparation.
- This catalyst is used in processes for the production of polytetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran copolymers and diesters or monoesters of these polymers.
- PTHF Polytetrahydrofuran - hereinafter referred to as PTHF for short - which is also known under the name polyoxybutylene glycol, is used in the plastics and synthetic fibers industry as a versatile intermediate and is used, among other things, for the production of polyurethane, polyester and polyamide elastomers. In addition, it is, optionally in the form of its derivatives, a valuable adjuvant in diverse applications, such as. B. as a dispersant or when decolorizing ("deinking”) of waste paper.
- PTHF is advantageously produced industrially by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran over suitable catalysts.
- reagents are also used, the addition of which enables the control of the chain length of the polymer chains and thus the adjustment of the average molecular weight to the desired value.
- chain termination reagents are also called “telogens”.
- the chain length is controlled by selecting the type and amount of the telogen. By selecting suitable telogens, additional functional groups can be introduced at one end or at both ends of the polymer chain.
- telogens which are mono- or diesters of PTHF are produced.
- telogens not only act as chain terminating reagents, but are also incorporated into the growing polymer chain of PTHF and have the function of a telogen as well as that of a comonomer
- examples of such Comonomers are telogens with two hydroxyl groups, such as the dialcohols, examples of such dialcohols are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-butyn-l, 4-diol, 1,6-hexanediol or low molecular weight PTHF.
- the PTHF can also be chemically modified.
- An example of this is the use of the telogen 2-butyne-1,4-diol, the addition of which leads to the presence of a proportion of CC triple bonds in the polymer chains of the PTHF.
- Such modified PTHF can be further chemically refined by the reactivity of these triple bonds at these points, e.g. B. by hydrogenation of the triple to double bonds, by subsequent polymerisation of other monomers ("props") to adjust the properties of the polymer, crosslinking to form polymers with a comparatively rigid structure or other common measures in polymer chemistry.
- Props monomers
- PTHF tetrahydrofuran z.
- B polymerized in the presence of fluorosulfonic acid to PTHF esters and then hydrolyzed to PTHF.
- tetrahydrofuran is polymerized with acetic anhydride in the presence of acidic catalysts to give PTHF diacetate and then transesterified with methanol to give PTHF.
- by-products such as hydrofluoric acid or methyl acetate are obtained.
- Single-stage processes for the preparation of PTHF are also known, in which the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran with diols, water or low molecular weight PTHF is carried out as a telogen on acidic catalysts.
- the catalyst or the catalyst system can be homogeneous, dissolved in the reaction system, or heterogeneous, largely undissolved catalyst systems can be used.
- DE-A-44 33 606 describes a process for the preparation of PTHF, PTHF diesters of C 2 to C 20 monocarboxylic acids or PTHF monoesters of C to C t o-monocarboxylic acids by the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran over a heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of a the telogenic water, 1,4-butanediol, PTHF with a molecular weight of 200 to 700 daltons, a Cj .
- the catalyst being a supported catalyst which contains a catalytically active amount of an oxygen-containing tungsten or molybdenum compound or mixtures of these compounds on an oxidic support material and after application of the precursor compounds of the oxygen-containing molybdenum and / or tungsten compounds has been calcined at temperatures of 500 ° C to 1000 ° C on the substrate precursor.
- DE-A-196 41 481 discloses a process for the preparation of polytetrahydrofuran, copolymers of tetrahydrofuran and 2-butyn-1,4-diol, diesters of these polymers with C 2 to C 2 o-monocarboxylic acids or monoesters of these polymers with - to C 10 - Monocarboxylic acids from the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran in the presence of one of the telogens water, 1,4-butanediol, 2-butyn-l, 4-diol, polytetrahydrofuran with a molecular weight of 200 to 700 daltons, a - to C 10 -monocarboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid anhydride C 2 - to C 20 -monocarboxylic acids or mixtures of these telogens on a heterogeneous supported catalyst.
- the supported catalyst contains a catalytically active amount of an oxygen-containing molybdenum and / or tungsten compound on an oxidic support material and was calcined after the application of the precursor compounds of the oxygen-containing molybdenum and / or tungsten compounds to the support material precursor at temperatures of 500 ° C. to 1000 ° C. and activated by treatment with a reducing agent before being used as a polymerization catalyst.
- the object of the present invention was to provide a catalyst which has a higher activity than the known catalysts in order to achieve higher polymer yields and / or space-time yields.
- a catalyst which contains a catalytically active amount of at least one oxygen-containing molybdenum and / or tungsten compound on an oxidic support material and which, after the precursor compounds of the catalytically active compounds have been applied to the support material or a support material precursor at temperatures of 400 ° C to 900 ° C has been calcined, the catalyst having a porosity with transport pores each having a diameter of> 25 nm and a volume of these transport pores of at least 50 mm 3 / g.
- the catalyst according to the invention has a molybdenum and / or tungsten content, based on the finished catalyst, of x ⁇ mol (tungsten and / or molybdenum) / m 2 , 10.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 20.9.
- This targeted setting is achieved in that the calcining conditions are adapted to the tungsten and / or molybdenum content of the catalyst.
- the catalyst according to the invention has a BET surface area of 25-200 m 2 / g, preferably 40-150 m 2 / g and particularly preferably 50-120 m 2 / g.
- the oxidic carrier material to which the catalytically active amount of the molybdenum and / or tungsten compound is applied has a BET surface area of 135-220 m 2 / g.
- the BET surface area of the oxidic support material is 170-220 m 2 / g and particularly preferably 190-220 m 2 / g.
- the catalyst according to the invention can have an acidity at pKs ⁇ -3 of at least 10 ⁇ mol / g. If such an oxidic support material is used, the BET surface area of which is in the ranges specified above, even catalysts are obtained whose acidity at pKs ⁇ -3 in the dry state is at least 70 ⁇ mol / g and preferably at least 90 ⁇ mol / g.
- the pKs value was determined using the Hammett titration method.
- Suitable catalytically active compounds are those molybdenum or tungsten compounds which, without the addition of a carrier, are mainly in the form of MoO 3 or WO 3 after prolonged heating to 600 ° C. in moist air, or mixtures of these compounds.
- Examples of the compounds mentioned are all types of tungsten and molybdic acids, such as WO 3 , WO 3 'H 2 O, WO 3 "2H 2 O, meta and paratungstic acid and the isopolyacids and the corresponding analog molybdenum compounds Context to name the heteropolyacids, such as H 3 PW ⁇ 2 O 40 , H SiW ⁇ 2 O 4 o, H GeW ⁇ 2 ⁇ 4 o and correspondingly up to H 6 P 2 W ⁇ 8 O 56 or the corresponding molybdenum compounds and the salts of the acids mentioned above such as the ammonium ortho-, ammonium meta and ammonium paratungstates, the corresponding Molybdenum compounds and reduced tungsten and molybdenum compounds as well as organomolybdenum or tungsten compounds.
- tungsten and molybdic acids such as WO 3 , WO 3 'H 2 O, WO 3 "2H 2 O, meta and paratungstic acid and the isopol
- oxygen-containing tungsten compounds or mixtures of oxygen-containing tungsten compounds with oxygen-containing molybdenum compounds in which the proportion of tungsten compounds predominates. It is particularly preferred to use catalysts whose catalytically active compounds, apart from usual impurities, consist practically only of oxygen-containing tungsten compounds.
- WO 3 tungstic acid and ammonium paratungstate are particularly worth mentioning here.
- Oxidic supports are generally suitable as the support material, for example zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, hafnium oxide, yttrium oxide, iron (III) oxide, aluminum oxide, tin (IV) oxide or mixtures of these oxides.
- zirconium dioxide or titanium dioxide is preferred, titanium dioxide being particularly preferred and titanium dioxide with a proportion of> 65% being particularly suitable in the anatase modification.
- the carrier material can be freshly felled, dried or calcined.
- the respective carrier material can by hydrolysis of the corresponding halides, nitrates, sulfates or alkoxides, for. B. can be obtained from titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanyl chloride, titanyl nitrate, titanium tetrachloride or titanyl sulfate.
- the specification of the catalyst content of catalytically active compounds is based on the trioxides of tungsten and / or molybdenum.
- the catalysts generally contain 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight and particularly preferably 10 to 35% by weight, of the catalytically active compounds, in each case calculated as MoO 3 and / or WO 3 and based on the total weight of the fully calcined and dry catalyst.
- the BET surface area of the finished catalyst exceeds a maximum specific surface area of
- BET [Kat, max] BETrX] / (l ⁇ loss on ignition [X]). (1 - Y) Not.
- X means the oxidic carrier material and Y the oxygen-containing molybdenum and / or tungsten compound, each in g. This calculation is based on the fact that both H 2 O and the oxygen-containing molybdenum and / or tungsten compound that was used occupy the surface of the oxidic carrier material.
- pore formers can be used, such as. B. tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, ammonium nitrate, ammonium formate, ammonium oxalate,
- Guanidinium salts such as gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polymethylene oxide, carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose (sugar) and soluble starch, PTHF, surfactants and sulfonic acids. Tartaric acid, citric acid and oxalic acid, especially oxalic acid, are preferred.
- the content of pore former in% by weight, based on the fully calcined and dry catalyst is given for the purposes of the present invention. Therefore, the sum of the weight percentages of the compounds contained in the catalyst exceeds 100%.
- the catalysts contain up to 200% by weight, preferably up to 100% by weight and particularly preferably up to 60% by weight, of pore formers.
- the catalyst can also contain a sulfur and / or phosphorus compound. Since it is assumed that the sulfur in the catalysts according to the invention is present as sulfate and the phosphorus as phosphate, the proportion of these compounds in the catalyst is calculated as sulfate or phosphate, based on the total weight of the fully calcined and dry catalyst. Thereafter, the catalysts can contain up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight and particularly preferably up to 8% by weight of sulfate and / or phosphate.
- Sources for the corresponding phosphorus and / or sulfur compounds are e.g. As sulfuric acid, soluble sulfates such as ammonium sulfate or ammonium hydrogen sulfate or the corresponding sulfites or hydrosulfites, phosphoric acid, soluble phosphates such as ammonium phosphate or the ammonium hydrogen phosphates or the corresponding phosphites.
- the catalysts can also contain a binder, such as silica sol, clays, boric acid or AlPO 4 .
- the invention also relates to a process for producing a catalyst which contains a catalytically active amount of at least one oxygen-containing molybdenum and / or tungsten compound on an oxidic support material, in which the following steps are carried out:
- catalysts with the specified BET surface area can be prepared by the process according to the invention by freshly precipitated oxidic support material, such as. B. preferably TiO 2 * aq, is not used directly as an oxidic support material for the catalysts to be produced, but is first treated thermally.
- Freshly precipitated oxidic carrier material has a high specific surface. It was found that such a high specific surface area reduces the acidity and activity of the finished catalysts. If the surface of the oxidic carrier material is targeted by thermal treatment, for. B.
- catalysts can be produced which are distinguished by a particular mechanical stability. This mechanical stability could be achieved by carrying out the thermal treatment of the freshly precipitated TiO 2 * aq in order to set a desired BET surface in a water-containing or water-vapor-containing atmosphere.
- the water-containing or steam-containing atmosphere should contain more than 10% by volume, preferably more than 20% by volume and particularly preferably more than 30% by volume of water or water vapor.
- the process can also be carried out under a pressure other than atmospheric pressure.
- the catalytically active compound (s) When carrying out the process according to the invention, it is preferred to apply the catalytically active compound (s) in a molar ratio of carrier material to catalytically active compound of 5.0-7.5, preferably 6.0-7.0.
- the calcination of the catalyst is then preferably carried out stepwise, the catalyst first being calcined at temperatures of 100-600 ° C. and then finally calcined at temperatures up to 900 ° C., preferably up to 700 ° C., to give the finished catalyst.
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of polytetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran copolymers, diesters or monoesters of these polymers by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran in the presence of at least one telogen and / or comonomer using the aforementioned catalyst in one of its embodiments according to the invention, the catalyst for example the likewise claimed manufacturing method has been obtained in one of its configurations according to the invention.
- polytetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran copolymers and polytetrahydrofuran dicarboxylate deserve special mention, and in the production of polytetrahydrofuran the preparation from tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-butanediol or H 2 O as telogen or using short-chain PTHF.
- the polytetrahydrofuran dicarboxylate is prepared from THF and carboxylic anhydride, preferably acetic anhydride. The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of examples.
- the BET surfaces were determined by adsorbing N 2 in accordance with DIN 66131.
- 200 mg of the homogenized sample are mixed with approx. 25 g borax lithium fluoride as a melting agent and melted in a platinum crucible at 1000 ° C.
- the melt is subjected to an X-ray fluorescence analysis.
- the evaluation is done via external calibration with matrix-adapted comparisons.
- the loss on ignition was calculated from the initial weight (m 20 ) and the weight after five hours of annealing at 900 ° C in air (m 90 o) as follows:
- the amount of acidic centers with pKs ⁇ -3 (“acidity”) was determined by titration with pyrazine as the base in absolute toluene as the solvent with dicinnamalacetone (CAS 622-21-9) as an indicator.
- the finely ground catalyst is run at 200 ° C. under the exclusion of light under vacuum ( ⁇ 1 mbar) overnight, then about 50 ml of absolute toluene and 1 mg of dicinnamalacetone (dissolved in 1 ml of absolute toluene) are added under argon.
- the measurement of the cutting hardness was carried out as follows: 25 randomly selected, optically crack-free extrudates with an average length of 2 to 3 times the diameter are successively loaded with increasing force by a cutting edge of 0.3 mm thickness until the respective extrudate is cut. The force required for this is the cutting hardness N.
- the porosity of the catalysts was determined using the mercury intrusion method in accordance with DIN 66133.
- Precipitated TiO 2 * aq with a BET surface area of 275 m 2 / g is calcined in a continuously operated rotary tube with a residence time of approx. 1 h at temperatures from 350 to 500 ° C. in air.
- a uniform material with a defined BET surface area between 135 and 220 m 2 / g is obtained.
- Possible titanium oxides or hydroxides which are suitable as support materials for the preparation of the catalysts according to the invention and have been used optionally, are those which are known as S 150, S 140 and S 240 from Kemira, under the designation P 25 from Degussa, as VKR 611, Hombikat UV100 and Hombifine N from Sachtleben, XT 25376 from Norton, DT 51 from Thann et Mulhouse, and Bayoxide T A-DW-1, Bayoxide T AKl from Bayer, are commercially available. II.2. Zirconium oxides and hydroxides
- zirconium oxides or hydroxides for the preparation of the catalysts according to the invention are S97 / 718 from MEL, D9-89 from BASF, XZ 16052 from Norton and HC 15 from SEPR.
- WO 3 , MoO 3 , H 2 WO and ammonium meta- and paratungstate from HC Starck are used as tungsten or molybdenum compounds.
- the support is soaked in water with the corresponding molybdenum and / or tungsten compound.
- a soluble pore former as exemplified above, can also be added to this impregnation solution.
- a binder in the form of a powder or in the form of a suspension can optionally be added.
- the carrier can also be mixed with the molybdenum and / or tungsten compound and water.
- This can e.g. B. in a pan mill or kneader.
- a water-soluble or insoluble pore former and a binder in the form of a powder or a suspension can be added. This procedure is compared to watering, as under la. described, preferred. III.2. Spray the obtained mash
- An optional intermediate stage is the spraying of the mash thus obtained, the drying and precalcination of the spray material at about 80 to 600 ° C., preferably at 100 to 500 ° C., under oxidizing, inert or reducing, either still or flowing atmosphere oxidizing atmosphere can be air or the like, as inert atmosphere N 2 , Ar, CO 2 and as reducing atmosphere organic compounds in inert gas, CO or H 2 can be used.
- oxidizing atmosphere can be air or the like, as inert atmosphere N 2 , Ar, CO 2 and as reducing atmosphere organic compounds in inert gas, CO or H 2 can be used.
- the next manufacturing step is followed by the rolling or kneading of the catalyst, in which case a water-soluble or insoluble pore former and a binder can optionally be added.
- the catalyst is z. B. deformed by extrusion, extrusion or tableting to shaped bodies such as cylinders, balls, rings, spirals, strands or grit.
- Precalcination can now optionally be carried out at approximately 80 to 600 ° C., preferably at 100 to 500 ° C., under an oxidizing, inert or reducing, respectively still or flowing atmosphere.
- the final calcination is then carried out at 400 to 900 ° C., preferably at 550 to 850 ° C. and particularly preferably at 600 to 800 ° C., again under an oxidizing, inert or reducing, in each case still or flowing atmosphere and using a Gases such as B. given as an example under 2..
- a temperature of 600 to 800 ° C there is a catalyst with a particularly high space-time yield.
- catalysts that have been regenerated by the usual methods, e.g. B. by treatment with solvents, steam or calcining for 0.1 to 10 hours at 300 ° C to 600 ° C in air, CO 2 or a reducing atmosphere, such as H 2 or CO, can be used.
- catalyst powder, shaped bodies and / or catalyst chips can be reused by adding them to the production steps described above.
- This final calcination can optionally be followed by a targeted reduction, as has been described in DE-A-196 41 481.
- the catalyst is prepared analogously to the methods described in DE-A-44 33 606 or DE-A-196 49 803, to which reference is hereby expressly made.
- any THF can be used as a monomer for producing PTHF.
- Suitable telogens in the one-step process are saturated or unsaturated, unbranched or branched alpha, omega-C 2 to C 12 diols, water, polytetrahydrofuran with a molecular weight of 200 to 700 dartons, cyclic ethers or mixtures thereof.
- Carboxylic anhydrides and / or carboxylic anhydride / protonic acid mixtures serve as telogens for the production of PTHF and THF copolymers by the two-stage process.
- Acetic anhydride is particularly preferred.
- the protonic acids are preferably organic and inorganic acids which are soluble in the reaction system.
- Preferred carboxylic acids are aliphatic or aromatic poly- and / or monocarboxylic acids which contain 2 to 12, preferably 1 to 8, carbon atoms.
- Examples of aliphatic carboxylic acids are acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid and pelargonic acid.
- Examples of aromatic carboxylic acids are phthalic acid and naphthalene carboxylic acid. Of these carboxylic acids, acetic acid is preferably used.
- cyclic ethers which can be polymerized to open the ring are preferably three-membered, four- and five-membered rings such as the THF derivatives, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, cyclic ethers such as 1,3-dioxolane, trioxane, oxetane, substituted oxetanes such as 3,3-dimethyloxetane, 1,2-alkylene oxides, for example ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, are suitable, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or 3-methyltetrahydrofuran being particularly preferred.
- the telogen is expediently fed to the polymerization in solution in the THF, a telogen content of 0.04 to 17 mol%, based on tetrahydrofuran, being preferred.
- Comonomers are also expediently fed to the polymerization in solution in THF, the comonomer content being up to 30 mol%, preferably 20 mol%, based on tetrahydrofuran.
- telogen the reaction mixture contains, the lower the average molecular weight of the PTHF or the THF copolymers in question.
- PTHF and THF copolymers with average molecular weights of 650 to 5000 Daltons, preferably from 650 to 3000 Daltons and particularly preferably from 1000 to 3000 Daltons can be produced.
- the polymerization is generally carried out at temperatures from 0 to 80 ° C., preferably at 25 to 75 ° C., and particularly preferably at 40 to 70 ° C.
- the pressure used is generally not critical to the result of the polymerization, which is why work is generally carried out at atmospheric pressure or under the autogenous pressure of the polymerization system.
- the polymerization is advantageously carried out under an inert gas atmosphere.
- inert gases such. B. nitrogen, carbon dioxide or the noble gases are used, nitrogen is preferably used.
- the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of hydrogen at hydrogen pressures of 0.1 to 10 bar.
- the process according to the invention is preferably operated continuously. However, it is also possible to operate the polymerization stage and / or one, more or all of the work-up stages of the process according to the invention batchwise, but preferably at least the polymerization is preferably carried out continuously.
- the reaction can preferably be carried out in conventional reactors or reactor arrangements suitable for continuous processes in suspension or fixed bed mode, in suspension mode for example in loop reactors or stirred reactors, or in fixed bed mode in tubular reactors or fixed bed reactors. Fixed bed mode is preferred.
- the polymerization reactor can be operated in the bottom mode, ie the reaction mixture is conducted from bottom to top, or in the trickle mode, ie reaction mixture is passed through the reactor from top to bottom.
- the starting material mixture (feed) of THF and telogen and / or comonomer is fed continuously to the polymerization reactor, the catalyst loading being 0.05 to 0.8 kg THF / (1 h), preferably 0.1 to 0.6 kg THF / (1 h) and particularly preferably 0.15 to 0.5 kg THF / (1 h).
- the polymerization reactor can be operated in a single pass, that is to say without product recirculation, or in circulation, that is to say the polymerization mixture leaving the reactor is circulated.
- the ratio of circulation to inlet is ⁇ 100: 1, preferably ⁇ 40: 1 and particularly preferably ⁇ 30: 1.
- the molecular weight is determined by determining the hydroxyl number in polytetrahydrofuran.
- the hydroxyl number is understood to mean that amount of potassium hydroxide in mg which is equivalent to the amount of acetic acid bound in the acetylation of 1 g of substance.
- the hydroxyl number is determined by the esterification of the hydroxyl groups present with an excess of acetic anhydride.
- Comparative Example II. 8 The catalyst from Example 7 was additionally calcined at 690 ° C. for 12 hours.
- Table 3 gives the respectively determined ignition losses of the TiO 2 * aq, the temperatures used for the final calcination to the finished catalyst, the maximum BET surface area and the BET surface area of the catalysts thus obtained, and the calculated BET loss, the acidity at pKs ⁇ -3 and the turnover of the PTHF polymerization.
- Example HI.2 Preparation of the catalyst under water vapor atmosphere variant 2a
- the catalyst strands had an average cutting hardness of 34 N and achieved a conversion of 5.2% in the continuous THF polymerization test.
- the catalyst strands had an average cutting hardness of 20 N and achieved a conversion of 6.0% in the continuous THF polymerization test.
- the carrier material TiO 2 * aq was produced according to the invention, but was precalcined according to variant 1 without the addition of water.
- the catalysts produced with this support proved to be mechanically unstable in comparison to the catalysts produced according to variants 2a and 2b
- TiO 2 * aq (78% TiO 2 ) were kneaded with 230 g of ammonium paratungstate (88% WO 3 ), 156 g of oxalic acid and 190 g of H 2 O and shaped into strands with a diameter of 4 mm , These were then calcined gradually at 200 ° C for 2 hours and at 500 ° C for 3 hours and at 575 ° C for 1 hour.
- the catalyst strands had an average cutting hardness of 26 N and achieved a conversion of 3.2% in the continuous THF polymerization test.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10032268 | 2000-07-03 | ||
DE10032267A DE10032267A1 (de) | 2000-07-03 | 2000-07-03 | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polytetrahydrofuran |
DE10032268A DE10032268A1 (de) | 2000-07-03 | 2000-07-03 | Verbesserter Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polytetrahydrofuran |
DE10032267 | 2000-07-03 | ||
DE10105970A DE10105970A1 (de) | 2001-02-09 | 2001-02-09 | Verbesserter Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polytetrahydrofuran |
DE10105970 | 2001-02-09 | ||
PCT/EP2001/007545 WO2002002671A1 (de) | 2000-07-03 | 2001-07-02 | Verbesserter katalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von polytetrahydrofuran |
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EP01960445A Withdrawn EP1297051A1 (de) | 2000-07-03 | 2001-07-02 | Verbesserter katalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von polytetrahydrofuran |
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US (1) | US6870014B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1297051A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004502807A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20030045770A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1451023A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001281937A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2414989A1 (de) |
MY (1) | MY134052A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002002671A1 (de) |
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DE10130782A1 (de) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-02 | Basf Ag | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polytetrahydrofuran |
DE10261484A1 (de) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-01 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Polymerisation cyclischer Ether |
US7557062B2 (en) * | 2003-02-24 | 2009-07-07 | Shell Oil Company | Catalyst composition, its preparation and use |
BRPI0514960A (pt) * | 2004-09-08 | 2008-07-01 | Shell Int Research | composição de catalisador, processos para a preparação da mesma e para converter uma carga de alimentação hidrocarbonácea em materiais com ponto de ebulição mais baixo, e, uso de uma composição de catalisador |
US7491676B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2009-02-17 | Millennium Inorganic Chemicals | High activity titania supported metal oxide DeNOx catalysts |
KR100682515B1 (ko) * | 2005-05-19 | 2007-02-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 메틸벤젠류 부분산화용 촉매의 제조방법 |
DE102005052016B4 (de) * | 2005-10-31 | 2009-05-20 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung poröser Formkörper und Formkörper erhältlich durch das Verfahren |
US7538253B2 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2009-05-26 | Lg Chem Ltd. | Method for preparing catalyst for partial oxidation of methylbenzenes |
WO2010035666A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-01 | Dic株式会社 | ウレタン化反応触媒、及びウレタン化物の製造方法 |
CN102698809A (zh) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-10-03 | 沈阳化工大学 | 一种H3PW12O40/纳米TiO2复合光催化剂的制备方法 |
CN103755944B (zh) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-12-02 | 大连工业大学 | 复合金属氧化物修饰二氧化钛型固体酸的制备方法及其催化聚四氢呋喃醚的合成方法 |
CN108348898A (zh) * | 2015-11-19 | 2018-07-31 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用于制造二醇的催化剂体系和方法 |
CN112169789B (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2023-03-21 | 南京溙科新材料科技有限公司 | 一种三维贯通多级孔道环境催化材料及其制备方法 |
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US4225421A (en) * | 1979-03-13 | 1980-09-30 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for hydrotreating heavy hydrocarbons |
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US4720472A (en) * | 1985-08-08 | 1988-01-19 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Hydrocracking catalyst for middle distillates |
US4769429A (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1988-09-06 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for polymerizing alpha-olefins |
US4810361A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1989-03-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Resid hydrotreating process using lanthana-alumina-aluminum phosphate catalyst |
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2001
- 2001-07-02 KR KR10-2003-7000011A patent/KR20030045770A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-02 WO PCT/EP2001/007545 patent/WO2002002671A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-02 US US10/312,860 patent/US6870014B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-02 EP EP01960445A patent/EP1297051A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-02 MY MYPI20013156 patent/MY134052A/en unknown
- 2001-07-02 CN CN01812288A patent/CN1451023A/zh active Pending
- 2001-07-02 AU AU2001281937A patent/AU2001281937A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-02 JP JP2002507920A patent/JP2004502807A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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JP2004502807A (ja) | 2004-01-29 |
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