EP1285150A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer dampfturbine mit mehreren stufen im leerlauf oder schwachlastbetrieb - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer dampfturbine mit mehreren stufen im leerlauf oder schwachlastbetriebInfo
- Publication number
- EP1285150A1 EP1285150A1 EP01933992A EP01933992A EP1285150A1 EP 1285150 A1 EP1285150 A1 EP 1285150A1 EP 01933992 A EP01933992 A EP 01933992A EP 01933992 A EP01933992 A EP 01933992A EP 1285150 A1 EP1285150 A1 EP 1285150A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stage
- steam
- enthalpy
- mass flow
- load
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
- F01D19/02—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/10—Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for operating a steam turbine with several stages in idle or low-load operation, all stages being acted upon by steam. It further relates to a device for distributing steam to individual stages of a steam turbine in idle or low-load operation, in particular for carrying out the method mentioned.
- start times of steam turbines must be continuously reduced. Shorter start times can only be achieved if as large a flow as possible is applied to all stages at the same time. Only by applying this can the preheating of the steam turbine required for the shortest possible starting time be achieved.
- mass flow By applying the mass flow, however, the power generated by the turbine must not exceed the idle load. If the idle load is exceeded, there may be uncontrolled increases in the speed of the steam turbine. The total mass flow that can be supplied is therefore limited.
- the high-pressure stage HP stage
- high ventilation capacities occur on the exhaust side in idle or low-load operation. These high ventilation capacities lead to high steam side temperatures.
- a large part of the mass flow must therefore be supplied to the HD stage in order to prevent impermissibly high temperatures.
- the low pressure stage LP stage
- the medium pressure stage MD stage also requires part of the mass flow.
- both the HD stage and the LP stage are subjected to the required high mass flow, the total power generated is significantly above the idle power. An attempt was therefore made to set the distribution of the mass flows in advance so that an idle operation was made possible.
- the mass flows through the HD stage and the MD-ND stage were distributed so that the power did not exceed the required idle power. Only overheating of the HD stage was avoided by monitoring the temperature occurring on the exhaust side. Only a small mass flow was left to the MD-ND stage. If the mass flow for the MD-ND stage was not sufficient or the temperature on the exhaust side of the HD stage exceeded a predetermined value, partial rapid closing of the HD stage was triggered. Therefore, at least the HD level was only insufficiently preheated. Due to this insufficient preheating, the start time was inevitable.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a device which enable good preheating of all stages of a steam turbine without exceeding the idle load or the low-load operating load.
- this object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the impact of a stage is chosen such that this stage delivers as little power as possible.
- steam can be applied to all stages of the steam turbine. The loading takes place in such a way that one stage delivers as little power as possible. This stage therefore generates little power, so that the remaining stages can be subjected to a comparatively large mass flow. All stages are therefore reliably preheated so that short start times can be achieved.
- the enthalpy of the steam as it enters this stage and the enthalpy of the steam as it exits this stage are advantageously determined and the enthalpy difference between the inlet and the outlet is minimized.
- the power delivered by a stage is directly proportional to the enthalpy difference. By minimizing the enthalpy difference, the power output can be minimized with the same or even increased mass flow.
- the temperature of the steam when entering this stage and the temperature of the steam when leaving this stage are measured and the enthalpy difference between the inlet and outlet is determined, in particular calculated, from this.
- the temperature of the steam is easy to measure, so that the measurement effort is reduced.
- the pressure drop between the entry into this step and the exit from this step is also advantageously measured and taken into account when calculating the enthalpy difference between the entry and the exit.
- the enthalpy of the steam flowing through the stage depends on both the pressure and the temperature. By taking pressure and temperature into account, the enthalpy difference can be determined more precisely, in particular calculated, than by taking temperature alone into account.
- the enthalpy of the steam as it enters this stage and the enthalpy of the steam as it exits this stage are measured.
- W099 / 15887 relates to a measurement and calculation method for determining the enthalpy of wet steam. To take a sample, a partial volume flow of the wet steam is combined with a reference gas to form a mixture, so that the liquid components of the partial volume flow evaporate completely.
- the enthalpy of the reference gas and the enthalpy of the mixture are determined on the basis of measured physical quantities, and the enthalpy of wet steam is calculated from this.
- the disclosure of W099 / 15887 and DE-AS 10 46 068 should be expressly included in the content of the present application.
- the mass flow supplied to this stage is changed to minimize the enthalpy difference.
- the mass flow supplied In the front part of this stage, the mass flow supplied generates power through expansion. The mass flow is compressed again on the exhaust steam side and thus consumes power. By changing the mass flow supplied, a balance can be found between the two processes and the enthalpy difference can be minimized.
- this level is advantageously regulated in such a way that this level does not deliver any power. This requires that the enthalpy difference between inlet and outlet be regulated to zero. The mass flow flowing through this stage therefore does not provide any power and is only used for preheating. The further stages of the steam turbine can then be subjected to the complete mass flow in order to overcome the idle load. It will therefore All stages are subjected to the maximum mass flow and optimally preheated. The start times can thus be significantly reduced.
- the device has a first measuring point for detecting the enthalpy of the mass flow supplied to a stage, a second measuring point for detecting the enthalpy of the mass flow emerging from this stage, a comparison unit for determining the Enthalpy differe z and has a unit for adjusting the mass flow supplied to this stage.
- the device according to the invention enables the enthalpy difference to be determined either by directly measuring the enthalpies present in each case or by measuring parameters relevant to the enthalpy, such as pressure and temperature.
- the enthalpy difference determined can be regulated via the unit for setting the supplied mass flow.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a steam turbine
- Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the HD stage in a second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a steam turbine 10 with an HD stage 11 and a combined MD-ND stage 12.
- the stages 11, 12 are connected to one another via a shaft 13 which drives a generator 14 for generating electrical current.
- the shaft 13 and the generator 14 can be forth shown device are decoupled from each other.
- a steam generator 15 is used to generate the steam required for operation and idling.
- a condenser 16 is provided downstream of the MD-ND stage 12 for condensing the escaping steam.
- the condensate is returned to the steam generator 15 via pumps 17, an MD / LP preheater 18 and two HP preheaters 19, 20.
- an intermediate superheating 21 and a feed water preheating A, B, C, D, n are provided.
- the components mentioned and their function are known to the person skilled in the art, so that a more detailed explanation is dispensed with.
- the steam generator 15 provides a mass flow m.
- the mass flow m is divided upstream of the HD stage 11.
- a first mass flow m x is fed to the HD stage 11, while the remaining mass flow m 2 is led past the HD stage 11 directly to the reheat 21.
- a mass flow m 2 is applied to the MD-ND stage 12.
- the remaining mass flow rn is passed past the MD-ND stage 12 directly to the condenser 16.
- Valves 22, 23, 24 are used to set the mass flows m x , m 3.
- the mass flows m 2 , n ⁇ 4 result automatically from the setting of the mass flows m lr m 3 .
- a first measuring point 25 is provided upstream of the HD stage 11 and a second measuring point 26 is provided downstream.
- the temperature Ti of the mass flow m x entering the HD stage 11 as steam is measured at the measuring point 25.
- a temperature measurement is carried out downstream at the measuring point 26, a temperature T 2 , the evaporated temperature of the HP stage 11, being determined there.
- the pressure difference ⁇ p between the measuring points 25, 26 is advantageously determined by suitable, not specified pressure measuring devices.
- the measured temperatures Ti, T 2 and the measured pressure difference ⁇ p are fed to a controller 27, which calculates the enthalpy difference ⁇ h between the measuring points 25, 26.
- the valve 22 is actuated so that the mass flow m is regulated in dependence on the calculated enthalpy difference ⁇ h.
- This balance for the HP stage 11 is essentially achieved in that the evaporation temperature T 2 is kept at a value by the control circuit 27, which ensures enthalpy-dependent valve trimming, which corresponds to the throttled live steam temperature.
- T 2 evaporation temperature
- the throttling effect (throttling effect) of the valve 22 is used specifically to set the desired temperatures T 1, T 2 .
- a calculation of the enthalpy difference ⁇ h is not only understood to mean the actual calculation of this enthalpy difference ⁇ h, but also any other suitable procedure with which the enthalpy difference ⁇ h is minimized can. For example, a comparison can be made with a table programmed into the controller 27.
- the controller 27 therefore controls the mass flow m 3 through the MD / LP stage 12 via the valve 23 in accordance with a predetermined idle load and that generated by the HP stage 11 Power. To increase the accuracy, further measuring points for detecting temperature and / or pressure can be provided downstream of the reheat or at other suitable positions.
- Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the HD stage 11 with the associated control of the mass flow m.
- the enthalpy hi, h 2 is measured directly at the measuring points 25, 26 and then the enthalpy difference ⁇ h is formed in the controller 27.
- the valves 22, 23 are controlled by the controller 27.
- the power P provided by the HD stage 11 is minimized and at the same time the mass flow m 3 through the MD / ND stage 12 is maximized.
- the application of the HD stage according to the invention takes place in such a way that as little and advantageously no power P is emitted.
- the method enables all stages 11, 12 to be acted upon with the maximum possible mass flow m, m 3 . As a result, good preheating of all stages 11, 12 and thus short starting times are achieved. Exceeding the idle load and an impermissible increase in the speed of the steam turbine 10 are reliably avoided.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01933992A EP1285150B1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer dampfturbine mit mehreren stufen im leerlauf oder schwachlastbetrieb |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00111692 | 2000-05-31 | ||
EP00111692 | 2000-05-31 | ||
EP01933992A EP1285150B1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer dampfturbine mit mehreren stufen im leerlauf oder schwachlastbetrieb |
PCT/EP2001/005747 WO2001092689A1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer dampfturbine mit mehreren stufen im leerlauf oder schwachlastbetrieb |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1285150A1 true EP1285150A1 (de) | 2003-02-26 |
EP1285150B1 EP1285150B1 (de) | 2006-07-12 |
Family
ID=8168882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01933992A Expired - Lifetime EP1285150B1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer dampfturbine mit mehreren stufen im leerlauf oder schwachlastbetrieb |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7028479B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1285150B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4707927B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1318737C (de) |
DE (1) | DE50110456D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001092689A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1575154A1 (de) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-09-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbosatz |
EP1744020A1 (de) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Starten einer Dampfturbinenanlage |
EP1775431A1 (de) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Aufwärmen einer Dampfturbine |
JP4621597B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-20 | 2011-01-26 | 株式会社東芝 | 蒸気タービンサイクル |
US7632059B2 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2009-12-15 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for detecting undesirable operation of a turbine |
JP4240155B1 (ja) * | 2008-03-06 | 2009-03-18 | 三浦工業株式会社 | 蒸気システム |
EP2194320A1 (de) * | 2008-06-12 | 2010-06-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers sowie Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger |
JP5193021B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-25 | 2013-05-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 蒸気タービン試験設備、低負荷試験方法、及び負荷遮断試験方法 |
DE102009004173B4 (de) * | 2009-01-09 | 2017-01-05 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Dampfturbine und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Dampfturbine |
US8662820B2 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2014-03-04 | General Electric Company | Method for shutting down a turbomachine |
US20120151918A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-21 | General Electric Company | Method for operating a turbomachine during a loading process |
US8857184B2 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2014-10-14 | General Electric Company | Method for starting a turbomachine |
US9080466B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2015-07-14 | General Electric Company | Method and system for controlling a valve of a turbomachine |
EP2469047B1 (de) * | 2010-12-23 | 2016-04-20 | Orcan Energy AG | Wärmekraftwerk sowie Verfahren zur Steuerung, Regelung und/oder Überwachung einer Vorrichtung mit einer Expansionsmaschine |
ITMI20110498A1 (it) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-09-29 | Stamicarbon | Metodo per l avviamento di un impianto termico a ciclo combinato per la produzione di energia elettrica da una condizione di impianto fermo ad una condizione di impianto in marcia. |
EP2642084A1 (de) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-25 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Ventilanordnung für die Regelung der Dampfzufuhr zu einer geothermischen Dampfturbine |
WO2013144006A2 (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Combined cycle power plant and method for operating such a combined cycle power plant |
DE102012209139A1 (de) | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Solaranlage |
EP2738360B1 (de) | 2012-12-03 | 2019-06-12 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Heizanordnung für eine Dampfturbine in einem Kraftwerk |
JP5397560B1 (ja) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-01-22 | 富士電機株式会社 | 抽気蒸気タービン発電設備の保安運転方法および装置 |
EP2918792A1 (de) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dampfkraftanlage mit Spindelleckdampfleitung |
BE1021896B1 (nl) | 2014-05-19 | 2016-01-25 | Atlas Copco Airpower Naamloze Vennootschap | Werkwijze voor het laten expanderen van een gasdebiet en inrichting daarbij toegepast |
DE102014211976A1 (de) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Anfahren eines Dampfturbinensystems |
US10577962B2 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2020-03-03 | General Electric Company | Turbomachine temperature control system |
JP7026520B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-30 | 2022-02-28 | 三菱重工コンプレッサ株式会社 | タービン用の弁装置、タービン、およびそれらの製造方法 |
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DE920548C (de) * | 1952-07-11 | 1954-11-25 | Licentia Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Erhoehung der Temperatur der Einstroemteile einer Dampfturbine waehrend des Sparbetriebes |
DE1046068B (de) | 1957-05-22 | 1958-12-11 | Licentia Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Verbesserung der Zwischenueberhitzung und der Speisewasservorwaermung in Dampfkraftanlagen, insbesondere solchen mit Heizdampf- bzw. Fabrikationsdampfabgabe |
US3173654A (en) * | 1962-03-14 | 1965-03-16 | Burns & Roe Inc | Temperature control of turbine blades on spinning reserve turbines |
US4258424A (en) * | 1972-12-29 | 1981-03-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | System and method for operating a steam turbine and an electric power generating plant |
US4166221A (en) * | 1978-02-09 | 1979-08-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Overspeed protection controller employing interceptor valve speed control |
JPS5810103A (ja) * | 1981-07-10 | 1983-01-20 | Hitachi Ltd | タービン起動方法 |
US4402183A (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1983-09-06 | General Electric Company | Sliding pressure flash tank |
JPS60119304A (ja) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-06-26 | Toshiba Corp | 蒸気タ−ビン |
US4891948A (en) * | 1983-12-19 | 1990-01-09 | General Electric Company | Steam turbine-generator thermal performance monitor |
JPS6165003A (ja) * | 1984-09-04 | 1986-04-03 | Hitachi Ltd | タービン制御装置 |
US4589255A (en) | 1984-10-25 | 1986-05-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Adaptive temperature control system for the supply of steam to a steam turbine |
US5018356A (en) | 1990-10-10 | 1991-05-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Temperature control of a steam turbine steam to minimize thermal stresses |
US5333457A (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1994-08-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Operation between valve points of a partial-arc admission turbine |
DE4438835C2 (de) * | 1994-10-24 | 1997-06-05 | Ver Energiewerke Ag | Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Bildung eines Signals zum Hochfahren des Hochdruckteiles einer Dampfturbine |
DE19742138C1 (de) | 1997-09-24 | 1999-03-11 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Enthalpie von Naßdampf |
-
2001
- 2001-05-18 EP EP01933992A patent/EP1285150B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-18 US US10/296,822 patent/US7028479B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-18 DE DE50110456T patent/DE50110456D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-18 CN CNB018103685A patent/CN1318737C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-18 JP JP2002500074A patent/JP4707927B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-18 WO PCT/EP2001/005747 patent/WO2001092689A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0192689A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1432099A (zh) | 2003-07-23 |
CN1318737C (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
JP4707927B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
US7028479B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 |
WO2001092689A1 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
JP2003535251A (ja) | 2003-11-25 |
DE50110456D1 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
EP1285150B1 (de) | 2006-07-12 |
US20040088984A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
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