EP1275774B1 - Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'une calandre et calandre - Google Patents

Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'une calandre et calandre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1275774B1
EP1275774B1 EP02014376A EP02014376A EP1275774B1 EP 1275774 B1 EP1275774 B1 EP 1275774B1 EP 02014376 A EP02014376 A EP 02014376A EP 02014376 A EP02014376 A EP 02014376A EP 1275774 B1 EP1275774 B1 EP 1275774B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roll
calender
offset
roller
oscillation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02014376A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1275774A1 (fr
Inventor
Eva Dr.-Ing. Scheideler
Rolf Dr.-Ing. Van Haag
Robert Dipl.-Ing. Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Publication of EP1275774A1 publication Critical patent/EP1275774A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1275774B1 publication Critical patent/EP1275774B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/0073—Accessories for calenders
    • D21G1/008—Vibration-preventing or -eliminating devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a calender with a stack of rolls comprising two end rolls and, between them, a plurality of center rolls abutting one another in a press direction, at least one roll having an elastic surface. Furthermore, the invention relates to a calender with a roll stack, which has two end rolls and between them a plurality of center rolls and a press direction, wherein at least one roll has an elastic surface.
  • Such calenders are used in particular for calendering paper or board webs.
  • the invention will be described below with reference to the treatment of a paper web. However, it is equally applicable to other webs where similar problems occur.
  • the paper web When satinizing a paper web, the paper web is passed through the calender and into nips between a hard and a soft roll, i. a roller with an elastic surface, are formed, with increased pressure and optionally also subjected to elevated temperature.
  • calenders newer design for example, the "Janus” calenders, rollers are used, which are covered with a plastic covering. It can now be observed that in many cases, after a certain period of operation, horizontal stripes occur on the paper web. Once these streaks become visible, the paper web is useless and forms reject. The causes of this so-called barring formation are currently not fully understood. But it is believed that these are effects of a vibrational phenomenon. Vibrations are virtually unavoidable in a calender.
  • the soft roll In barring formation, the soft roll is changed on its elastic surface. It has not yet been clarified how this change looks exactly. Currently, the following possibilities are assumed: The roll gets a ripple on the surface, ie a mountain and valley structure, the roll becomes qualitativekkig or the roller gets in the circumferential direction alternately zones of different surface quality, such as different roughness. Regardless of the specific type of change, the barring formation shows periodic, axially extending strips on the circumference of the roll. Corresponding strips then show up on the paper web, wherein at the latest from the becoming visible of the strip, the paper web is to be considered as a committee.
  • a method for vibration reduction of the rolls within a calender is known from US 5,961,899.
  • the vibrations are recorded with a vibration sensor and it takes place with the aid of these measurement data, a control of actuators such that they generate a counter-vibration. This results in a weakened overall vibration.
  • WO 99/25921 A discloses a method for monitoring the surface quality of a material web, for example a paper web, which is guided through the nip of a calender. About vibration sensors, the vibrations of individual rollers or the entire system are detected and processed in an evaluation. As a result, surface damage to the soft rolls can be detected early and the production of a resulting defective material web can be avoided. Since the condition of the soft rolls is thus monitored, the replacement intervals for the soft rolls do not need to be predetermined, but are determined individually. Thus, the life of the soft rolls is fully utilized.
  • the invention is based, to increase the service life of such a roller the task.
  • This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned above in that it continuously determines a vibration at least one roller and makes a roller displacement transversely to the press direction in response to the vibration.
  • a stack of rolls which is formed from a plurality of rolls, has a multiplicity of natural frequencies. This does not mean the natural frequencies of the individual rolls per se, such as bending natural frequencies, but the natural vibration modes which result from the oscillating roll masses on the spring and damper systems of the interposed plastic linings of the "soft" rolls.
  • a running calender generates exciter forces, whose frequencies are from the multiple of the Assemble roller speeds. These excitation forces can be due to inhomogeneities, anisotropies or geometrical errors (roundness).
  • paper thickness variations of the calender passing through the paper web can stimulate the roll stack. A paper web entering the calender is still very rough before the smoothing process. In addition, a paper web is never free of basis weight or thickness variations.
  • the closest to the natural frequency integer multiples of the rolling rotational frequency are impressed as a pattern on the rollers. This results in a feedback of the oscillation.
  • the oscillations then increase exponentially. They express themselves on the one hand in an increased sound level (up to more than 120 dB (A)) and on the other hand in periodic thickness variations of the continuous paper web. In practice, different periods are observed, in which form these feedback phenomena, which are expressed in Barrings. Most days or weeks pass before this phenomenon has grown so strongly that it disturbs the production process.
  • the roll offset is taken when the vibration contains a frequency that corresponds to one of a plurality of default frequencies.
  • the vibration that is detected will usually contain a wide spectrum of frequencies that have a variety of causes. Not to neglect here is the influence of the paper web, which has a certain surface roughness after leaving the paper machine and thus provides an excitation for the vibrations. From However, the frequencies are only a few frequencies critical. It is therefore sufficient if one carries out a frequency analysis of the oscillation and "looks" to see if the critical frequencies are included. Given these critical frequencies, they are referred to as "default frequencies.”
  • an offset is made when the fraction of the frequency exceeds a predetermined amplitude.
  • Even critical frequencies are not always disturbing from the beginning. They are just a warning signal when they are small in amplitude. It is now possible to provide a certain tolerance threshold and to make an offset only when a predetermined amplitude is exceeded. Although it is risked that barring patterns begin to form. However, the operation of the calender is then changed less often, which further disturbances are kept small.
  • each default frequency there is a wavelength corresponding to an integer fraction of the circumference of a roll.
  • this is a wave pattern in which the wavelength is an integer fraction of the roll circumference.
  • barring patterns where an integer multiple of the wavelength is exactly the size of the Roller results this extinction is not given. But you can assign each of these barring pattern a specific frequency, which depends, inter alia, on the peripheral speed of the respective roller. In this way, it is relatively easy to calculate the default frequencies.
  • the vibration is determined at least on each center roller and limits the default frequencies to wavelengths that occur at the corresponding roller.
  • This procedure has several advantages. First, the vibration that occurs on a roller, with substantially lower attenuations directly on this roller is removable than other rollers. The information about the roll oscillation is therefore available immediately. On the other hand, one must observe a much smaller number of default frequencies. This is especially true when the rolls of the roll stack have different circumferences. However, this situation usually occurs, in particular if one or more rollers with elastic coverings have already been reworked once. In this case, one reduces the processing effort, since only less information must be evaluated. The regulation can then be faster.
  • the roller is offset by a distance that depends on the wavelength of the frequency. Since the wavelength of the barring pattern is known via the determined frequency, it is now possible to evaluate this information and offset the roller transversely to the press direction by an amount into which this wavelength information flows. It can be achieved that at certain Offset stretching an education of the Barring pattern is reversed. In the case of deviating offset sections, further formation of the barring pattern can at least be inhibited.
  • the offset is limited to relatively short path length differences between a quarter and a half wavelength, then one has a correspondingly small offset of the roller transversely to the press direction and still obtains the advantageous effect that the barring patterns regress or at least do not pronounce further ,
  • the roller is offset by a distance that is in the range of one-eighth to one-quarter wavelength. This applies to center rolls in which the roll surface passes through two nips in one revolution. In order to cause a path length difference on the surface between two nips of a quarter or a half wavelength, it is then only necessary to offset the roller by half of the path length difference. Then, on the one side of the roll, the path length difference is twice the Roller offset increases while it is reduced on the other side of the roller by twice the offset distance. So if you want to change the path length difference by a quarter wavelength, only an offset movement of one-eighth wavelength is required. The displacement movement is therefore limited to a length of the order of 10 mm.
  • the object is achieved in a calender of the type mentioned above in that at least one roller, a vibration receiving device is arranged, which is connected to a controller which is connected to a perpendicular to the press direction adjusting at least one roller.
  • the vibration receiving device is connected to a frequency analysis device.
  • the frequency analyzer determines which frequencies are contained in the vibration. As stated above, not all frequencies are critical. So you can limit the activity of the controller to certain frequencies.
  • the vibration absorption device preferably has a plurality of vibration sensors; which are aligned in different directions. You can thereby summarize the information to be evaluated. Vibrations having, for example, their principal vibration direction parallel to the axial direction of the rolls are less critical to barring formation than vibrations directed radially to the roll axis.
  • At least the center rollers are arranged on levers and the adjustment acts on the lever. This is a relatively simple measure to effect the offset of the respective roller perpendicular to the press direction.
  • the adjusting drive has an eccentric bush, in which a bearing point of the lever is arranged.
  • a bearing point of the lever By rotating the eccentric bushing about an axis which is parallel to the roll axis, a bearing point of the lever, for example the pivot point, relative to the press direction can be changed.
  • the lever is mounted in a sliding block, which has a linear drive.
  • the linear drive initially causes a translational displacement of the sliding block, for example by means of a threaded spindle.
  • the sliding block takes with it the lever, so that the roller can finally be moved again perpendicular to the press direction.
  • the lever is designed to be variable in length.
  • a design can be realized, for example, by a telescopic or prismatic guide in which two components of the lever are displaced relative to each other.
  • a hinge connection is provided with a tilting drive. This can be adjusted relatively accurately offset movements of the roller.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a calender 1 with two end rolls 2, 3, which are formed as deflection rolls, and three center rolls 4 - 6, which together form a roll stack.
  • the roll stack has a roll plane 7, in which the axes of all rolls 2-6 lie, when the rolls 2-6 are arranged exactly one above the other.
  • this roll level 7, for the purposes of the following description, also the press direction, i. the direction in which the rollers 2 - 6 are pressed against each other.
  • the calender is shown only schematically, such as a drive 8, or omitted entirely, such as means for heating individual rolls.
  • the two end rollers 2, 3 and the middle roller 5 have an elastic coating 9, which is shown exaggeratedly thick.
  • vibration sensor 20, 21, 22 are arranged, which determine a vibration of the center rollers 4-6.
  • the vibration sensors 20 - 22 are preferably arranged on the bearing 23, more precisely on the bearing housing 24.
  • the vibration sensors 20 detect vibrations in the vertical direction
  • the vibration sensor 21 vibrations perpendicular to the roll plane i. the plane through the center axes of the (unseated) rollers 2-6
  • the vibration sensor 22 vibrations in the axial direction In general, it can be said that the vibration sensors 20-22 can detect basically any direction of vibration as long as the directions are orthogonal to one another.
  • the vibration sensor 20 - 22 are connected to a controller 25, which in turn acts on an adjustment 26.
  • the controller 25 also has a frequency analysis device 27, which may be coupled to a comparator, not shown, and a threshold value element.
  • the frequency analyzer 27 determines, from the vibrations picked up by the vibration pickups 20-22, the amplitude component which can be assigned to a frequency (or a narrow frequency range). If the amplitude of a frequency exceeds a predetermined threshold or threshold and this frequency can be considered critical because it is related to a wavelength whose integer multiple is the size of the corresponding one Roller corresponds, then the adjusting drive 26 is put into operation to adjust the corresponding roller across the press direction. This is shown schematically in Fig. 1 for the middle roller 5. However, it is obvious that basically all rollers 2 - 6 can be adjusted.
  • Fig. 3 Shown in Fig. 3 are the roller 5, the overlying roller 4 and the underlying roller 6. With exaggerated amplitude different reference ripples are shown, namely a ripple, in which seven waves run around the circumference of the roller 5, one with eight Waves and one with nine waves.
  • the controller 25 has now determined that a critical frequency, either before from empirical values predetermined or determined in any other way, occurs with a predetermined amplitude, then it is to be expected that this frequency also has a certain wavelength ⁇ belongs, with which the barring pattern on the surface of the roller pronounced.
  • the roller 5 is then displaced with respect to the roller plane 7, ie with respect to the nips 11, 12, so that the distance between the two nips 11, 12 increases by half a wavelength ⁇ / 2 on one side and by half on the other side Wavelength ⁇ / 2 is reduced.
  • the new barring pattern may have one wavelength of U / (n ⁇ 1). But until such a new barring pattern is so pronounced that it bothers, some time passes.
  • the aim here is a phase shift by the controller 25, which is closer to ⁇ / 2.
  • the risk which is associated with a phase shift of ⁇ / 2, namely that after erasing the initial pattern a new pattern is pronounced, is counteracted by the regulation.
  • Fig. 4 now shows various ways to effect the roll offset.
  • the explanation is made in all cases by the example of the center roller 5, which is mounted in a bearing housing 30, which is located at the front end of a lever 31.
  • the lever 31 is mounted with a bearing point 32 in an eccentric bushing 33.
  • the eccentric bushing 33 When the eccentric bushing 33 is rotated, the position of the roller 5 changes in the horizontal direction.
  • the lever 31 is mounted in a sliding block 34 which can be moved in a housing 35 by a linear drive 36, which is shown only schematically, in the housing 35.
  • the linear drive can be realized for example as a threaded spindle. Even with a threaded spindle relatively accurate adjustment movements are possible.
  • the lever 31 is formed variable in length, which is represented by a double arrow 37.
  • the lever 31 may, for example, have a telescopic or a prismatic guide.
  • the drive of the two mutually displaceable parts of the lever can also be done via a threaded spindle (not shown).
  • the bearing housing 30 is connected via a rotary joint 38 with the lever 31.
  • the pivot 38 is disposed at the lower end of a mounting plate 39, which in turn is secured to the lever 31.
  • An attachment at the top is of course also possible.
  • a schematically illustrated tilting drive 40 is provided to tilt the bearing housing 30 relative to the lever 31 by a defined amount.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'une calandre comprenant un empilement de cylindres qui présente deux cylindres d'extrémité et entre eux plusieurs cylindres intermédiaires, qui s'appliquent les uns contre les autres dans une direction de presse, au moins un cylindre présentant une surface élastique, caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine en continu, pour au moins un cylindre, une oscillation et l'on effectue un décalage du cylindre transversalement à la direction de presse en fonction de l'oscillation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue le décalage du cylindre lorsque l'oscillation présente une fréquence qui correspond à l'une de plusieurs fréquences prédéfinies.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue un décalage du cylindre lorsque la proportion avec la fréquence dépasse une amplitude prédéterminée.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que pour chaque fréquence prédéfinie, il existe une longueur d'onde qui correspond à une fraction entière de la périphérie d'un cylindre.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on détecte l'oscillation au moins sur chaque cylindre intermédiaire et on limite les fréquences prédéfinies aux longueurs d'ondes qui se produisent sur le cylindre correspondant.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on déplace le cylindre d'une distance qui dépend de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on déplace le cylindre d'une distance à laquelle il se produit une différence de longueur de distance entre deux lignes de contact, qui se trouve dans la plage d'un quart à une moitié de la longueur d'onde.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on déplace le cylindre d'une distance qui se situe dans la plage d'un huitième à un quart de la longueur d'onde.
  9. Calandre (1) comprenant un empilement de cylindres qui présente deux cylindres d'extrémité (2, 3) et entre eux plusieurs cylindres intermédiaires (4, 5, 6) ainsi qu'un dispositif de presse, au moins un cylindre (5) présentant une surface élastique, caractérisée en ce qu'on dispose sur au moins un cylindre (4 - 6) un dispositif d'enregistrement des oscillations (20 - 22) qui est connecté à un régulateur (25) qui est connecté à un entraînement de réglage (26) d'au moins un cylindre (5) agissant perpendiculairement au sens de la presse.
  10. Calandre selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif d'enregistrement des oscillations (20 - 22) est connecté à un dispositif d'analyse de fréquence (27).
  11. Calandre selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif d'enregistrement des oscillations (20 - 22) présente plusieurs enregistreurs d'oscillations qui sont orientés dans différentes directions.
  12. Calandre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif d'enregistrement des oscillations est disposé au moins sur chaque cylindre intermédiaire (3 - 5).
  13. Calandre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins les cylindres intermédiaires (3 - 5) sont disposés sur des leviers (31) et l'entraînement de réglage (26) agit sur le levier (31).
  14. Calandre selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que l'entraînement de réglage présente une douille excentrée (33) dans laquelle est disposé un point d'appui (32) du levier (31).
  15. Calandre selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le levier (31) est monté dans un coulisseau (34) qui présente un entraînement linéaire (36).
  16. Calandre selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le levier (31) est réalisé de manière variable en longueur.
  17. Calandre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisée en ce que l'on prévoit entre le levier (31) et un logement de palier (30) une connexion articulée (38) avec un entraînement de basculement (40).
EP02014376A 2001-07-12 2002-06-28 Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'une calandre et calandre Expired - Lifetime EP1275774B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10133888 2001-07-12
DE10133888A DE10133888C1 (de) 2001-07-12 2001-07-12 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kalanders und Kalander

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1275774A1 EP1275774A1 (fr) 2003-01-15
EP1275774B1 true EP1275774B1 (fr) 2007-01-03

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EP02014376A Expired - Lifetime EP1275774B1 (fr) 2001-07-12 2002-06-28 Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'une calandre et calandre

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US (1) US6857356B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1275774B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2393248C (fr)
DE (2) DE10133888C1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI20030377A0 (fi) * 2003-03-13 2003-03-13 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä kalanteroinnissa ja kalanteri
DE10343980B4 (de) * 2003-09-19 2005-08-18 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Kalander
FI115984B (fi) * 2003-11-27 2005-08-31 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä ja järjestely värähtelyn estämiseksi moninippikalanterissa tai -kalanteriryhmässä
FI117301B (fi) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-31 Metso Paper Inc Rainankäsittelykoneen telan laakerointi ja menetelmä telavärähtelyn vaimentamiseksi
FI118812B (fi) 2006-02-01 2008-03-31 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä kalanterin välitelan värähtelyn ominaistaajuuden hallitsemiseksi ja värähtelyn vaimennin
FI119335B (fi) 2007-09-28 2008-10-15 Metso Paper Inc Monitelakalanteri
FI119851B (fi) 2007-09-28 2009-04-15 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä kuiturainakoneen jaksollisen värähtelyn vaimentamiseksi
JP5123654B2 (ja) * 2007-12-11 2013-01-23 住友化学株式会社 押出樹脂板の製造方法
DE102010002703A1 (de) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Metso Paper, Inc. Anordnung und Verfahren zur Regelung einer Kraft in einem Spalt zwischen zwei Walzen

Family Cites Families (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3044392A (en) * 1959-07-10 1962-07-17 Kimberly Clark Co Papermaking machine
NL299751A (fr) * 1962-10-26
FI64902C (fi) * 1976-03-30 1984-02-10 Wiik & Hoeglund Foerfarande foer kompensering av valsboejningen i en kalander
US4348952A (en) * 1981-01-19 1982-09-14 Usm Corporation Cross axis mechanism
US4516491A (en) * 1983-09-30 1985-05-14 Usm Corporation Roll cross-axis mechanism
GB2161105B (en) * 1984-07-04 1988-06-15 Fred Whitehead Calendar or roll assembly
DE4314653C2 (de) * 1993-05-04 1997-01-30 Troester Maschf Paul Mehrzweckkalander
DE19601293C2 (de) 1996-01-16 1999-09-16 Voith Sulzer Finishing Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Materialbahn
US5961899A (en) * 1997-07-15 1999-10-05 Lord Corporation Vibration control apparatus and method for calender rolls and the like
JP4243426B2 (ja) * 1997-11-17 2009-03-25 メトソ ペーパ、 インコーポレイテッド 紙用カレンダにおけるニップ通過面の汚染および／または損傷の検出方法
DE19815339A1 (de) * 1998-04-06 1999-10-14 Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh Walzenmaschine und Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb
DE19832067B4 (de) * 1998-07-16 2005-04-21 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Kalander für Bahnen aus Papier oder ähnlichem Material
DE10008800B4 (de) * 2000-02-25 2005-10-27 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kalanderwalze und Kalanderwalze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50209131D1 (de) 2007-02-15
DE10133888C1 (de) 2002-11-28
US20030024415A1 (en) 2003-02-06
EP1275774A1 (fr) 2003-01-15
CA2393248C (fr) 2007-12-18
CA2393248A1 (fr) 2003-01-12
US6857356B2 (en) 2005-02-22

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