EP1272803B1 - Kühler und verfahren zum kühlen von heissem schüttgut - Google Patents
Kühler und verfahren zum kühlen von heissem schüttgut Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1272803B1 EP1272803B1 EP01929549A EP01929549A EP1272803B1 EP 1272803 B1 EP1272803 B1 EP 1272803B1 EP 01929549 A EP01929549 A EP 01929549A EP 01929549 A EP01929549 A EP 01929549A EP 1272803 B1 EP1272803 B1 EP 1272803B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conveying elements
- bulk material
- transport direction
- groups
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
- F27D15/02—Cooling
- F27D15/0206—Cooling with means to convey the charge
- F27D15/0213—Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cooler for cooling hot Bulk material according to the preamble of claim 1 and, a method of cooling hot bulk material according to The generic concept of claim 9.
- the bulk material For cooling of hot bulk material, such as Cement clinker, the bulk material is on one of cooling gas flowed through cooling grille. During transport from the beginning of the radiator to the end of the radiator, the bulk material flows through cooling gas and thereby cooled.
- a cooler From DE 878 625 a cooler according to the preamble of claim 1 known.
- the conveying elements described there are formed by rods that are above a fixed grate are arranged and in Extend longitudinally parallel to the grate plane.
- the Rods are with a suitable movement mechanism connected, in the transport direction of the bulk material allows a reciprocating motion. moreover are provided on the rods suitable projections, to support the promotion effect.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, the Radiator according to the preamble of claim 1 or the Method according to the preamble of claim 9 with regard to the conveying effect.
- the cooler according to the invention for cooling hot Bulk material has a fixed, permeable by cooling gas Ventilation bottom for holding the bulk material as well as above the aeration floor. and movable conveying elements for transporting the Bulk goods up.
- the conveyor elements driving transport mechanisms can be coupled together and they are in at least two groups provided in the transport direction of the Bulk goods together and opposite to the transport direction be operated separately.
- the common Pre-stroke of the conveyor elements in the transport direction moves can be.
- the different groups of conveying elements individually and sequentially operated during the return stroke become due to the friction conditions in the good bed significantly less bulk material against the transport direction taken along, as with a common return stroke all conveyor elements.
- Each group of conveying elements consists of at least a conveyor element or conveyor element strand.
- the individual Groups of conveying elements alternately transversely to the transport direction provided the bulk material.
- the transverse to Transport direction adjacent conveyor elements such arranged that they move at every stage of the movement offset relative to each other in the transport direction are.
- the individual groups of conveying elements are alternating arranged in the transport direction of the bulk material.
- the radiator 1 shown in Fig. 1 for cooling of hei-ßem Bulk 2 essentially has a fixed, from cooling gas permeable ventilation floor 3 to Picking up the bulk material and above the aeration bottom arranged, reciprocating conveying elements 4, 5, 6 for transporting the bulk material.
- the Bulk material 2 is formed for example by cement clinker, from a rotary kiln upstream of the radiator 7 is supplied.
- the bulk material passes over an oblique inlet area 8 on the fixed Ventilation bottom 3 and is there by means of the conveying elements 4, 5, 6 in the longitudinal direction through the radiator transported.
- the ventilation floor is in a conventional manner and Way configured and in particular has openings on, through which the cooling gas, the bulk bed transversely flows through it and cools it.
- the cooling air openings in the ventilation floor 3 are designed so that supplied a sufficient amount of cooling air, but Rost mitfall can be avoided.
- the cooling air is thereby expediently below the ventilation floor 3 fed.
- the air ducts are for reasons of clarity not shown in detail.
- the conveying elements are divided into at least two groups, wherein the at least two groups of conveying elements in the transport direction of the bulk material in common and against the transport direction separated from each other are operable.
- the closer design and the movement sequence the conveying elements in a first embodiment be in the following with reference to Figs.2 and 3 explained in more detail.
- this first embodiment there are three groups provided by conveying elements 4, 5, 6, which alternately transverse to the transport direction of the bulk material (arrow 9 in Fig.1) are arranged.
- the illustrated embodiment are over the width of the radiator 1 six conveying elements provided, wherein the conveying elements 4.1 and 4.2 to the first group, the conveying elements 5.1 and 5.2 to the second group and the conveying elements 6.1 and 6.2 belonging to the third group.
- conveying elements 4.1 and 4.2 to the first group
- the conveying elements 5.1 and 5.2 to the second group and the conveying elements 6.1 and 6.2 belonging to the third group.
- you can in the context of the invention also more or less conveying elements be arranged over the width of the radiator.
- Each conveying element 4.1 to 6.2 is via a carrier element 14.1 to 16.2 with suitable transport mechanisms 17.1 to 19.2 connected.
- 3 slots are provided in the ventilation floor, through which the support elements 14.1 - 16.2 passed are.
- the transport mechanisms of a particular group assigned by conveying elements can be used for common Adjustment of the conveying elements coupled together become.
- the reciprocating movement of the conveying elements is for example a hydraulic Drive realized.
- FIG.3a shows the state after the common Preliminary stroke of all conveying elements 4.1 to 6.2. All conveyor elements are in the transport direction of the bulk material (Arrow 9) has been moved by a length a. That on the Ventilation floor and thus also over the conveyor elements lying bulk material is doing in a similar manner postponed.
- FIGS. 1 and 3 are also in the transport direction over the length of the cooler arranged several conveyor elements.
- the conveyor elements according to the first embodiment extend substantially in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the transport direction of the material to be transported (arrow 9).
- the conveying elements differ from the first one Embodiment essentially in that they extend substantially transverse to the transport direction and accordingly also two each Carrier elements (for example, 14.1) supported and with a transport mechanism (for example 17.1) connected are or can be connected.
- conveying elements according to the second embodiment in the basic position transversely to the transport direction can be aligned in alignment, like that in the first embodiment, the case is in second embodiment, adjacent conveyor elements arranged in such a way that, after each phase of movement, i.e. after the joint trip and after each one Return stroke offset in the transport direction to each other are aligned.
- FIGS. 5a to 5d show the arrangement of the conveying elements shown after each movement phase.
- 5a again shows the state after the joint forward stroke all conveyor elements with a stroke length a. It is too recognize that adjacent conveying elements (transverse to Transport direction 9) offset in the transport direction to each other are aligned.
- adjacent conveying elements transverse to Transport direction 9
- FIG.5c are also the conveying elements 5.1 and 5.2 of the second group and in Figure 5d the conveying elements 6.1 and 6.2 of the third group withdrawn Service.
- the second embodiment may be the unwanted Return transport of the bulk material during the return stroke of the conveying elements reduce it even better.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a third embodiment that is different from the previous embodiments essentially differs by that only two groups of conveying elements provided are, in addition, alternately in the transport direction 9 of the bulk material are provided.
- Each conveyor element (for example 4.1) is over two Carrier elements (14.1) with a transport mechanism (17.1) connected.
- a transport mechanism (17.1) connected.
- all conveyor elements a group moves over a common transport frame.
- Fig.7a the forward stroke is again common for both groups of conveying elements with a stroke length a.
- Fig. 7b the state is after the return stroke of the conveying elements 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 of the first Group shown.
- the return stroke of the conveyor elements 5.1 and 5.2 of the second group is again the Initial state achieved according to Fig.7c.
- the stroke of the transverse to the transport direction arranged conveying elements different long to set. This can help differences across the width of the ventilation floor be balanced in the good bed. Such are, for example the friction conditions within the bulk material in the middle of the radiator differently, than at the two Edge areas. Also could be a different one Stroke length for better lateral distribution of the goods in the starting area be exploited of the radiator.
- the ventilation floor preferably extends horizontally, but also a downward slope conceivable would.
- the material of the conveying elements must be in accordance with occurring temperature and the expected wear to be selected. It comes, for example Welding and casting constructions into consideration. In the area the bushings for the support elements are also to provide suitable seals to a Rost barnfall to avoid.
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Längsschnittdarstellung des Kühlers,
- Fig.2
- eine schematische Querschnittdarstellung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Förderelemente,
- Fig.3a bis 3d
- eine schematische Darstellung des Bewegungsablaufes in der Aufsicht des ersten Ausführungsbeispieles,
- Fig.4
- eine schematische Querschnittdarstellung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Förderelemente,
- Fig.5a bis 5d
- eine schematische Darstellung des Bewegungsablaufes in der Aufsicht des zweiten Ausführungsbeispieles,
- Fig.6
- eine schematische Querschnittdarstellung gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Förderelemente, und
- Fig.7a bis 7c
- eine schematische Darstellung des Bewegungsablaufes in der Aufsicht des dritten Ausführungsbeispieles.
Claims (10)
- Kühler (1) zum Kühlen von heißem Schüttgut (2) miteinem feststehenden, von Kühlgas durchströmbaren Belüftungsboden (3) zur Aufnahme des Schüttguts sowieoberhalb des Belüftungsbodens angeordneten, von Transportmechanismen (17.1-19.2) angetriebenen, hin- und herbeweglichen Förderelementen zum Transport des Schüttguts,
- Kühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelnen Gruppen (4, 5) von Förderelementen (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2) abwechselnd in Transportrichtung (9) des Schüttguts angeordnet sind.
- Kühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelnen Gruppen (4, 5, 6) von Förderelementen (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) abwechselnd quer zur Transportrichtung (9) des Schüttguts angeordnet sind.
- Kühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens drei Gruppen (4, 5, 6) von Förderelementen vorgesehen sind, die abwechselnd quer zur Transportrichtung des Schüttguts angeordnet sind.
- Kühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß quer zur Transportrichtung jede der drei Gruppen (4, 5, 6) mehrmals vorgesehen ist.
- Kühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die quer zur Transportrichtung (9) benachbarten Förderelemente (4, 5, 6) derart angeordnet sind, daß sie nach jeder Phase in Transportrichtung (9) versetzt zueinander ausgerichtet sind.
- Kühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelnen Gruppen (4, 5, 6) von Förderelementen (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) abwechselnd quer zur Transportrichtung (9) des Schüttguts angeordnet sind, wobei der Hub der Förderelemente über die Breite des Belüftungsbodens (3) unterschiedlich lang ist.
- Kühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Förderelemente einer Gruppe individuell betätigt werden.
- Verfahren zum Kühlen von heißem Schüttgut, wobei das heiße Schüttgut auf einem feststehenden, von Kühlgas durchströmbaren Belüftungsboden aufgegeben und mittels oberhalb des Belüftungsbodens angeordneten, hin- und herbeweglichen Förderelementen transportiert wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei Gruppen (4, 5, 6) von Förderelementen verwendet werden, die in Transportrichtung gemeinsam und entgegen der Transportrichtung getrennt voneinander betätigt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach der gemeinsamen Betätigung aller Gruppen von Förderelementen in Transportrichtung jeweils nur eine Gruppe von Förderelementen entgegen der Transportrichtung betätigt wird, bis alle Gruppen von Förderelementen wieder zurückgestellt sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10018142A DE10018142B4 (de) | 2000-04-12 | 2000-04-12 | Kühler und Verfahren zum Kühlen von heißem Schüttgut |
DE10018142 | 2000-04-12 | ||
PCT/EP2001/004198 WO2001077600A1 (de) | 2000-04-12 | 2001-04-11 | Kühler und verfahren zum kühlen von heissem schüttgut |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1272803A1 EP1272803A1 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
EP1272803B1 true EP1272803B1 (de) | 2005-11-23 |
EP1272803B2 EP1272803B2 (de) | 2008-10-08 |
Family
ID=7638476
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01929549A Expired - Lifetime EP1272803B2 (de) | 2000-04-12 | 2001-04-11 | Kühler und verfahren zum kühlen von heissem schüttgut |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6796141B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1272803B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4913974B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1294397C (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001256285A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0109554B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2403331C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ298001B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10018142B4 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1272803T4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2250396T5 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA02010037A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001077600A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006023678A1 (de) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-29 | Polysius Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von feinkörnigem Material |
WO2012084608A1 (de) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | VERFAHREN ZUM KÜHLEN VON HEIßEM SCHÜTTGUT UND KÜHLER |
Families Citing this family (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE10117226A1 (de) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-10 | Bmh Claudius Peters Gmbh | Kühlrost für Schüttgut |
DE10216926A1 (de) * | 2002-04-17 | 2003-11-06 | Kloeckner Humboldt Wedag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Transport von heißem Zementklinker durch einen Rostkühler |
EP1475594A1 (de) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-10 | Claudius Peters Technologies GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Förderen einer Schüttgutschicht auf einem Rost |
EP1939116B1 (de) | 2003-05-08 | 2023-09-13 | Claudius Peters Projects GmbH | Vorrichtung zum kühlen von gebranntem schüttgut |
DE10355822B4 (de) * | 2003-11-28 | 2013-06-13 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | Schüttgutkühler zum Kühlen von heißem Kühlgut |
DE10359400A1 (de) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-07-14 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Ag | Schüttgutkühler zum Kühlen von heißem Kühlgut |
DE102004022754A1 (de) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-12-01 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Ag | Schüttgutkühler zum Kühlen von heissem Kühlgut |
WO2006040610A1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-20 | F.L. Smidth A/S | Cooler for cooling hot particulate material |
DE102004056276B4 (de) * | 2004-11-22 | 2013-10-17 | Thyssenkrupp Resource Technologies Gmbh | Kühler |
DE102005032518B4 (de) * | 2005-07-12 | 2017-10-19 | Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Schüttgut |
US20070283715A1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-12-13 | F.L.Smidth Inc. | Powder cooler start-up aeration system |
EP1887302A1 (de) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-13 | Claudius Peters Technologies GmbH | Kühler für Schüttgut mit einer Abdichteinrichtung zwischen benachbarten Förderplanken |
LT5564B (lt) | 2007-07-19 | 2009-04-27 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | Piltinės medžiagos aušintuvas karštam šaldomam produktui |
CN101118124B (zh) * | 2007-09-07 | 2010-06-02 | 燕山大学 | 用于输送和冷却高温散状物料的输送装置 |
RU2446120C2 (ru) * | 2009-01-11 | 2012-03-27 | Александр Вячеславович Рубежанский | Способ регулирования процесса охлаждения клинкера в колосниковом холодильнике |
CN101957144A (zh) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-26 | 扬州新中材机器制造有限公司 | 一种行进式冷却机 |
CN102297603A (zh) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-12-28 | 李晓梅 | 转动式粒状物料冷却机 |
ES2569198T5 (es) | 2013-08-27 | 2020-02-04 | Alite Gmbh | Enfriador de escorias |
EP3118555B1 (de) * | 2015-07-17 | 2018-09-12 | Claudius Peters Projects GmbH | Vorrichtung zum behandeln, insbesondere zum kühlen, von schüttgut mit einem gas |
DE102015217228A1 (de) | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von heißem Schüttgut |
CN105292990A (zh) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-02-03 | 攀枝花钢城集团有限公司 | 锶铁氧体预烧球料冷却存放系统及工艺 |
DE102016203683A1 (de) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-07 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von heißem Schüttgut |
DE102016207720A1 (de) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-11-09 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Zement |
JP6838955B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-13 | 2021-03-03 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | クーラ装置 |
DK179762B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-05-13 | Føns Companies Aps | Walking Floor Cooler for particulate material with increased vertical shearing |
DK3581867T3 (da) * | 2018-06-14 | 2021-01-04 | Alite Gmbh | Klinkerkøler og fremgangsmåde til drift af en klinkerkøler |
DE102018215348A1 (de) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-12 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von Klinker und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kühlers zum Kühlen von Klinker |
DE102018215406A1 (de) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-12 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von heißem Schüttgut |
DE102019121870A1 (de) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-02-18 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut |
BE1027673B1 (de) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-10 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag | Kühler und Verfahren zum Kühlen von Schüttgut |
BE1027665B1 (de) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-10 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag | Verfahren und Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut, insbesondere Zementklinker |
DE102019215771A1 (de) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-15 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut |
BE1027669B1 (de) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-12 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag | Verfahren und Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut, insbesondere Zementklinker |
BE1027677B1 (de) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-10 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag | Verfahren und Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut, insbesondere Zementklinker |
BE1027670B1 (de) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-12 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut |
BE1027678B1 (de) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-12 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut |
BE1027676B1 (de) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-12 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag | Verfahren und Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut, insbesondere Zementklinker |
BE1027674B1 (de) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-10 | Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag | Kühler zum Kühlen von Schüttgut mit einer Stufe |
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-
2000
- 2000-04-12 DE DE10018142A patent/DE10018142B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-11 CN CNB018081355A patent/CN1294397C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-11 CZ CZ20023396A patent/CZ298001B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-11 BR BRPI0109554-4A patent/BR0109554B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-11 WO PCT/EP2001/004198 patent/WO2001077600A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-11 EP EP01929549A patent/EP1272803B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-11 DE DE50108173T patent/DE50108173D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-11 JP JP2001574818A patent/JP4913974B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-11 AU AU2001256285A patent/AU2001256285A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-11 CA CA002403331A patent/CA2403331C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-11 DK DK01929549T patent/DK1272803T4/da active
- 2001-04-11 ES ES01929549T patent/ES2250396T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-11 MX MXPA02010037A patent/MXPA02010037A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-11 US US10/257,431 patent/US6796141B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006023678A1 (de) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-29 | Polysius Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von feinkörnigem Material |
WO2012084608A1 (de) | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | VERFAHREN ZUM KÜHLEN VON HEIßEM SCHÜTTGUT UND KÜHLER |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2250396T5 (es) | 2009-02-16 |
DE10018142A1 (de) | 2001-10-18 |
CN1294397C (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
EP1272803B2 (de) | 2008-10-08 |
CA2403331C (en) | 2009-09-22 |
US6796141B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
DE50108173D1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
EP1272803A1 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
DK1272803T4 (da) | 2009-01-05 |
CN1423741A (zh) | 2003-06-11 |
CZ298001B6 (cs) | 2007-05-23 |
JP2003530537A (ja) | 2003-10-14 |
US20030126878A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
BR0109554B1 (pt) | 2010-02-23 |
WO2001077600A1 (de) | 2001-10-18 |
AU2001256285A1 (en) | 2001-10-23 |
CA2403331A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
DK1272803T3 (da) | 2006-01-30 |
BR0109554A (pt) | 2003-06-03 |
ES2250396T3 (es) | 2006-04-16 |
CZ20023396A3 (cs) | 2003-08-13 |
MXPA02010037A (es) | 2003-02-12 |
JP4913974B2 (ja) | 2012-04-11 |
DE10018142B4 (de) | 2011-01-20 |
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